Genotoxic damage assessment using the micronucleus assay in buccal mucosa of different types of smokers: A cross-sectional study

Figure 1 Samples examined under 40 × magnification, categorized by the number of micronuclei. A: Absent; B: Rare; C: Moderate; D: Abundant. Indicators highlight the presence of micronuclei in each image.

Figure 2 Intraoral photographs of observed lesions. A: Buccal mucosal leukoedema in a to-bacco smoker; B: In situ carcinoma of the tongue in an electronic cigarette user; C: Palate of an in-verted smoker; D: Verrucous leukoplakia in an inverted smoker.

Figure 3 Data on micronucleus occurrence. A: Conventional smokers (moderate occurrence); B: Marijuana smokers (low occurrence); C: Reverse smokers (abundant occurrence); D: E-cigarette smokers (moderate occurrence).