Predictive value of thrombocytopenia for bloodstream infection in patients with sepsis and septic shock

Table 1 Patient characteristics n (%)

Characteristic	All patients (n =218)	Blood culture results		P value
		Negative or contamination (n = 133)	Positive with pathogen (n = 85)
Age (yr)	63 (53–73)	64 (53–73)	62 (52–70)	0.253
Sex (male/female)	218 (122/96)	133 (81/52)	85 (41/44)	0.066
Comorbidities
Hypertension	79 (36.2)	50 (37.6)	29 (34.1)	0.603
Diabetes	49 (22.5)	29 (21.8)	20 (23.5)	0.766
Cardiovascular disease	23 (10.6)	17 (12.8)	6 (7.1)	0.18
COPD	16 (7.3)	13 (9.8)	3 (3.5)	0.085
Cerebrovascular disease	34 (15.6)	26 (19.5)	8 (9.4)	0.044
Primary diagnosis for cultures
Respiratory	101 (46.3)	81 (60.9)	20 (23.5)	< 0.001
Intestinal	50 (22.9)	28 (21.1)	22 (25.9)	0.408
Urogenital	33 (15.1)	12 (9.0)	21 (24.7)	0.002
Hepatobiliary	21 (9.6)	6 (4.5)	15 (17.6)	0.001
Skin/soft tissue	5 (2.3)	3 (2.3)	2 (2.4)	1.0
Other	8 (3.7)	3 (2.3)	5 (5.9)	0.308
APACHE II	20 (14-25)	19 (14-25)	20 (14-27)	0.533
Mechanical ventilation (yes/no)	218 (156/62)	133 (100/33)	85 (56/29)	0.137
Renal replacement (yes/no)	218 (29/189)	133 (13/120)	85 (16/69)	0.055
28-d mortality	81 (37.2)	46 (34.6)	35 (41.2)	0.326

COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; APACHE: Acute physiology and chronic health.

Table 2 Patient laboratory characteristics

Characteristic	All patients (n = 218)	Blood culture results		P value
		Negative or contamination (n = 133)	Positive with pathogen (n = 85)
PCT (ng/mL)	6.9 (1.1-32.1)	2.85 (0.4-16.6)	16.8 (4.1-112.3)	< 0.001
CRP (mg/mL)	113.3 (47.9-174.3)	99.4 (41.1-168.3)	128.1 (68.5-189.7)	0.047
WBC (× 109/L)	12.3 (8.1–17.8)	11.7 (8.8–16.8)	13.1 (7.5–21.7)	0.404
Neutrophils (%)	90.1 (82.5-93.5)	88.9 (83.4-92.3)	92.2 (82.3-94.7)	0.029
Haemoglobin (g/L)	109.6 ± 23.8	109.9 ± 24	109.2 ± 23.6	0.824
HBA1C	5.9 (5.4-7.2)	6.0 (5.6-7.1)	5.8 (5.3-8.6)	0.7
PT (s)	14.4 (12.7-16.7)	13.9 (12.7-15.7)	15.5 (12.7-17.5)	0.012
APTT (s)	34.5 (30.2-41.5)	33.3 (29.6-38.0)	37.2 (30.2-44.8)	0.005
Fib (g/L)	3.94 (3.0-4.97)	3.95 (3.19-5.26)	3.93 (2.85-4.87)	0.344
D-dimer (μg/mL)	6.37 (2.62-12.34)	5.33 (2.19-10.94)	8.06 (3.93-13.81)	0.02
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)	31.8 (18–61.2)	24.2 (14.8–47.5)	43.4 (23.1–113.9)	< 0.001
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)	46.2 (29.6–87.1)	37.9 (25.8–70)	67.2 (35.2–170.4)	< 0.001
Total bilirubin (μmol/L)	15.6 (9.1–29.1)	13.5 (8.9–23.7)	20.6 (10.7–49)	0.009
Serum albumin (g/L)	28.8 (24.4-31.7)	28 (24.2-32.2)	29.4 (25-31.5)	0.444
BUN (mmol/L)	9.9 (6.0–15.3)	9.2 (5.9–14.2)	10.8 (6.2–15.9)	0.147
Cr (μmol/L)	99.6 (67.3–180)	89.1 (62.4–146)	134.5 (84.7–221)	0.001

PCT: Procalcitonin; CRP: C-reactive protein; WBC: White blood cell; HBAIC: Glycosylated haemoglobin; PT: Prothrombin time; APTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time; Fib: Fibrinogen; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; Cr: Creatinine.

Table 3 Microorganisms isolated from blood cultures

Microorganism	No. (%) isolated from blood cultures
Gram-positive bacteria	24 (28.2)
Staphylococcus aureus	6 (7.1)
Staphylococcus epidermidis	3 (3.5)
Staphylococcus haemolyticus	2 (2.4)
Staphylococcus hominis	2 (2.4)
Staphylococcus caprae	1 (1.2)
Enterococcus faecium	5 (5.9)
Streptococcus pyogenes	3 (3.5)
Streptococcus viridans	1 (1.2)
Enterococcus gallinarum	1 (1.2)
Gram-negative bacteria	59 (69.4)
Escherichia coli	36 (42.3)
Klebsiella pneumoniae	15 (17.6)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	3 (3.5)
Aeromonas sobria	2 (2.4)
Enterobacter cloacae	1 (1.2)
Klebsiella oxytoca	1 (1.2)
Acinetobacter lwoffii	1 (1.2)
Fungus	2 (2.4)
Candida albicans	2 (2.4)