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©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Crit Care Med. Jul 9, 2021; 10(4): 120-131
Published online Jul 9, 2021. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v10.i4.120
Published online Jul 9, 2021. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v10.i4.120
Table 1 Basal and laboratory features of the inserted catheters
| Catheter area inserted | |||||
| All patients, n = 1042, mean ± SD | Jugular, n = 743, mean ± SD | Subclavian, n = 155, mean ± SD | Femoral, n = 144, mean ± SD | P value | |
| Baseline characteristics | |||||
| Age, yr | 60.99 ± 19.85 | 60.74 ± 20.20 | 59.66 ± 19.17 | 63.67 ± 18.57 | 0.939 |
| Sex, female/male | 423/619 | 339/449 | 42/112 | 42/58 | 0.009 |
| Hospitalization time | 11.89 ± 16.38 | 12.50 ± 16.03 | 11.00 ± 20.08 | 9.73 ± 13.39 | 0.040 |
| Laboratory finding | |||||
| Biochemistry | |||||
| BS, mg/dL | 139.45 ± 101.56 | 145.21 ± 112.63 | 120.35 ± 55.74 | 130.30 ± 72.49 | 0.008 |
| BUN, mg/dL | 42.77 ± 41.29 | 51.11 ± 44.40 | 19.65 ± 13.91 | 24.58 ± 26.42 | 0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 2.62 ± 2.89 | 3.20 ± 3.14 | 0.99 ± 0.68 | 1.37 ± 1.68 | 0.001 |
| TBIL, mg/dL | 0.87 ± 0.84 | 0.82 ± 0.63 | 0.80 ± 0.88 | 1.22 ± 1.43 | 0.485 |
| AST, mg/dL | 37.65 ± 47.22 | 32.56 ± 25.60 | 40.04 ± 60.05 | 61.38 ± 90.77 | 0.508 |
| ALT, mg/dL | 35.81 ± 49.37 | 30.31 ± 26.18 | 38.58 ± 67.59 | 61.21 ± 91.95 | 0.710 |
| ALP, mg/dL | 108.57 ± 64.10 | 104.95 ± 56.71 | 104.66 ± 59.33 | 131.48 ± 93.90 | 0.569 |
| Na, mmol/L | 138.61 ± 5.38 | 138.68 ± 5.33 | 138.22 ± 5.07 | 138.68 ± 5.96 | 0.125 |
| K, mmol/L | 5.00 ± 1.03 | 5.13 ± 1.10 | 5.07 ± 0.71 | 4.79 ± 0.70 | 0.027 |
| Cl, mmol/L | 100.23 ± 6.23 | 100.18 ± 6.11 | 100.41 ± 6.95 | 100.29 ± 6.04 | 0.778 |
| Amylase | 89.98 ± 49.88 | 87.93 ± 47.66 | 91.64 ± 53.25 | 98.78 ± 56.30 | 0.419 |
| CRP, mg/dL | 4.44 ± 8.12 | 3.53 ± 5.14 | 4.32 ± 7.65 | 9.26 ± 15.90 | 0.925 |
| Hemogram | |||||
| WBC, × 103/UL | 10.57 ± 4.51 | 10.26 ± 3.59 | 10.32 ± 4.05 | 12.49 ± 7.72 | 0.228 |
| Hb, g/dL | 13.77 ± 2.07 | 13.63 ± 2.12 | 14.09 ± 1.77 | 14.16 ± 1.98 | 0.017 |
| Hct, % | 42.17 ± 6.62 | 42.07 ± 6.78 | 42.23 ± 5.80 | 42.62 ± 6.65 | 0.737 |
| MCV, fL | 87.74 ± 6.29 | 87.71 ± 6.42 | 87.45 ± 6.18 | 88.24 ± 5.70 | 0.927 |
| MCH, pg | 29.37 ± 2.36 | 29.30 ± 2.41 | 29.48 ± 2.29 | 29.67 ± 2.20 | 0.905 |
| MCHC, g/dL | 33.25 ± 1.36 | 33.19 ± 1.37 | 33.47 ± 1.29 | 33.29 ± 1.36 | 0.002 |
| RDW, % | 14.69 ± 1.73 | 14.74 ± 1.79 | 14.45 ± 1.50 | 14.66 ± 1.61 | 0.082 |
| PLT, × 103/µL | 248.22 ± 80.14 | 248.71 ± 76.33 | 256.88 ± 76.01 | 236.42 ± 100.38 | 0.073 |
| MPV, fL | 8.48 ± 1.01 | 8.54 ± 1.03 | 8.33 ± 1.06 | 8.34 ± 0.86 | 0.085 |
Table 2 Analysis of the inserted catheter area according to gender, complication, and final situation
| Catheter area inserted | Total, n (%) | P value | ||||||
| R jugular, n (%) | L jugular, n (%) | R subclavian, n (%) | L subclavian, n (%) | R femoral, n (%) | L femoral, n (%) | |||
| Gender | ||||||||
| Female | 248 (42.0) | 73 (47.4) | 20 (29.4) | 23 (26.1) | 30 (39.0) | 29 (45.3) | 423 (40.6) | 0.009 |
| Male | 343 (58.0) | 81 (52.6) | 48 (70.6) | 65 (73.9) | 47 (61.0) | 35 (54.7) | 619 (59.4) | |
| Complication | ||||||||
| No | 583 (98.6) | 149 (96.8) | 63 (92.6) | 75 (85.2) | 49 (63.6) | 46 (71.9) | 965 (92.6) | 0.001 |
| Pntx | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.5) | 3 (3.4) | 0 | 0 | 4 (0.4) | |
| GW | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.6) | 2 (0.2) | |
| Bleeding | 2 (0.3) | 0 | 0 | 4 (4.5) | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.6) | 8 (0.8) | |
| WI | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (1.1) | 2 (2.6) | 6 (9.4) | 13 (1.2) | |
| AI | 4 (0.7) | 4 (2.6) | 2 (2.9) | 3 (3.4) | 11 (14.3) | 3 (4.7) | 27 (2.6) | |
| Sepsis | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.5) | 2 (2.3) | 13 (16.9) | 7 (10.9) | 23 (2.2) | |
| Decision | ||||||||
| OPT | 104 (17.6) | 28 (18.2) | 12 (17.6) | 14 (15.9) | 9 (11.7) | 7 (10.7) | 174 (16.7) | 0.001 |
| DWH | 484 (81.9) | 121 (78.6) | 46 (67.6) | 58 (63.6) | 35 (45.5) | 41 (64.1) | 783 (75.1) | |
| Mortality | 3 (0.5) | 5 (3.2) | 10 (14.7) | 18 (20.5) | 33 (42.9) | 16 (25.0) | 85 (8.2) | |
| Total | 591 (100) | 154 (100) | 68 (100) | 88 (100) | 77 (100) | 64 (100) | 1042 (100) | |
Table 3 Analysis of inserted catheter sites according to diseases
| Diagnosis | Catheter area inserted | Total, n (%) | |||||
| R jugular, n (%) | L jugular, n (%) | R subclavian, n (%) | L subclavian, n (%) | R femoral, n (%) | L femoral, n (%) | ||
| Renal diseases | 228 (38.5) | 43 (27.9) | 1 (1.5) | 2 (2.3) | 6 (7.8) | 5 (7.8) | 285 (27.3) |
| Respiratory diseases | 45 (7.6) | 8 (5.1) | 3 (4.4) | 3 (3.4) | 16 (20.8) | 6 (9.4) | 81 (7.8) |
| Endocrine diseases | 34 (5.8) | 7 (4.5) | 1 (1.5) | 0 | 4 (5.2) | 0 | 46 (4.4) |
| Multiple organ insufficiency | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.5) | 2 (2.3) | 12 (15.6) | 7 (10.9) | 22 (2.1) |
| Gastrointestinal system bleeding | 56 (9.5) | 12 (7.8) | 2 (2.9) | 0 | 0 | 3 (4.7) | 73 (7.0) |
| Gastrointestinal system perforations | 27 (4.6) | 2 (1.3) | 2 (2.9) | 0 | 5 (6.5) | 1 (1.6) | 37 (3.6) |
| Cerebrovascular diseases | 61 (10.3) | 16 (10.4) | 0 | 1 (1.1) | 4 (5.2) | 3 (4.7) | 85 (8.2) |
| Thoracic traumas | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 7 (10.3) | 14 (15.9) | 0 | 0 | 22 (2.1) |
| Traffic accidents | 12 (2.0) | 7 (4.5) | 1 (1.5) | 2 (2.3) | 0 | 0 | 22 (2.1) |
| Malignancies | 30 (5.1) | 7 (4.5) | 4 (5.9) | 1 (1.1) | 4 (5.2) | 4 (6.3) | 50 (4.8) |
| Firearm injury | 5 (0.8) | 3 (1.9) | 3 (4.4) | 4 (4.5) | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.6) | 17 (1.6) |
| Cardiac diseases | 39 (6.6) | 22 (14.3) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (1.1) | 5 (6.5) | 13 (20.3) | 81 (7.8) |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 1 (0.2) | 2 (1.3) | 3 (4.4) | 3 (3.4) | 6 (7.8) | 0 | 15 (1.4) |
| Falls | 26 (4.4) | 15 (9.7) | 12 (17.6) | 7 (8.0) | 3 (3.9) | 6 (9.4) | 69 (6.6) |
| Burns | 22 (3.7) | 9 (5.8) | 18 (26.5) | 27 (30.7) | 8 (10.4) | 12 (18.8) | 96 (9.2) |
| Amputation | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.6) | 0 | 2 (2.3) | 0 | 0 | 4 (0.4) |
| Penetrating tool injury | 3 (0.5) | 0 | 8 (11.8) | 11 (12.5) | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.6) | 24 (2.3) |
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.5) | 8 (9.1) | 2 (2.6) | 2 (3.1) | 13 (1.2) |
| Total | 591 (100) | 154 (100) | 68 (100) | 88 (100) | 77 (100) | 64 (100) | 1042 (100) |
Table 4 Analysis of the inserted catheter areas according to the services where the patients were hospitalized
| Hospital services | Catheter area inserted | Total, n (%) | |||||
| R jugular, n (%) | L jugular, n (%) | R subclavian, n (%) | L subclavian, n (%) | R femoral, n (%) | L femoral, n (%) | ||
| Emergency department | 94 (15.9) | 27 (17.5) | 12 (17.6) | 14 (15.9) | 10 (13.0) | 10 (15.6) | 167 (16) |
| Infectious diseases service | 11 (1.9) | 2 (1.3) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (1.1) | 3 (3.9) | 4 (6.3) | 22 (2.1) |
| General internal medicine service | 173 (29.3) | 45 (29.2) | 5 (7.4) | 1 (1.1) | 9 (11.7) | 8 (12.5) | 241 (23.1) |
| Nephrology service | 99 (16.8) | 21 (13.6) | 0 | 3 (3.4) | 7 (9.1) | 5 (7.8) | 135 (13) |
| Gastroenterology service | 29 (4.9) | 7 (4.5) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (3.1) | 38 (3.6) |
| Intensive care unit | 40 (6.8) | 10 (6.5) | 13 (19.1) | 17 (19.3) | 31 (40.3) | 20 (31.3) | 131 (12.6) |
| Cardiology service | 12 (2.0) | 3 (1.9) | 1 (1.5) | 2 (2.3) | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.6) | 20 (1.9) |
| Brain surgery service | 24 (4.1) | 7 (4.5) | 5 (7.4) | 7 (8.0) | 2 (2.6) | 3 (4.7) | 48 (4.6) |
| Thoracic surgery service | 4 (0.7) | 4 (2.6) | 6 (8.8) | 13 (14.8) | 4 (5.2) | 2 (3.1) | 33 (3.2) |
| Chest diseases service | 18 (3.0) | 7 (4.5) | 0 | 1 (1.1) | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.6) | 28 (2.7) |
| General surgery service | 46 (7.8) | 3 (1.9) | 8 (11.8) | 9 (10.2) | 7 (9.1) | 4 (6.3) | 77 (7.4) |
| Cardiovascular surgery service | 10 (1.7) | 0 | 7 (10.3) | 10 (11.4) | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.6) | 29 (2.8) |
| Orthopedics and traumatology service | 10 (1.7) | 13 (8.4) | 10 (14.7) | 6 (6.8) | 0 | 2 (3.1) | 41 (3.9) |
| Plastic and reconstructive surgery service | 4 (0.7) | 2 (1.3) | 0 | 4 (4.5) | 0 | 1 (1.6) | 11 (1.1) |
| Neurology service | 17 (2.9) | 3 (1.9) | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.3) | 0 | 21 (2.0) |
| Total | 591 (100) | 154 (100) | 68 (100) | 88 (100) | 77 (100) | 64 (100) | 1042 (100) |
- Citation: Coskun A, Hıncal SÖ, Eren SH. Emergency service results of central venous catheters: Single center, 1042 patients, 10-year experience. World J Crit Care Med 2021; 10(4): 120-131
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3141/full/v10/i4/120.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5492/wjccm.v10.i4.120