Inhaling muscle spray: A rising trend of abuse

Table 1 List of common volatile substances used as inhalants

Classification	Inhalant compounds
Aerosols	Spray paints; hairspray; deodorant; vegetable oil spray; fabric protector spray; shoe-shine spray
Organic solvents	Glue; paint thinner; gasoline; nail polish remover; dry-cleaning fluid; correction fluid
Gases	Anesthetics (e.g., ether, chloroform, halothane, ethyl chloride, nitrous oxide); propane; butane (cigarette lighter fluid); refrigerants; whipped cream dispensers
Nitrites	Amyl nitrite; video head cleaner; room odorizer; leather cleaner; liquid aroma

Table 2 Systemic side-effects of ethyl chloride abuse

System involved	Effects
Neurological	Euphoria; visual hallucinations; confusion; dizziness; impaired short-term memory; ataxia; nystagmus; dysarthria; lack of muscle coordination; grand mal seizure; unconsciousness
Respiratory	Respiratory paralysis (rare)
Cardiovascular	Cardiac depression; sensitization to endogenous and exogenous epinephrine; ventricular tachycardia; ventricular fibrillation; asystole
Gastrointestinal	Abdominal cramps; nausea/vomiting
Hematological	Cyanosis
Hepatic	Hepatomegaly; transient deranged liver function test; elevated serum alanine aminotransferase
Ocular	Mild eye irritation
Dermal	Contact dermatitis (rare)