New-onset atrial fibrillation among COVID-19 patients: A narrative review

Figure 1 Comparing available studies on new-onset atrial fibrillation pathophysiology in coronavirus disease 2019 patients and rotors of atrial fibrillation persistence (including oxidative stress, calcium overload, atrial dilation, micro-RNA, inflammation, and myofibroblast activation. COVID: Coronavirus disease; ECM: Extracellular matrix; NOAF: New-onset atrial fibrillation; AF: Atrial fibrillation; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; ACE2: Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2; ANS: Autonomic nervous system.

Figure 2 Long-term studies needed to assess progression from coronavirus disease 2019-related new-onset atrial fibrillation to more sustained forms of atrial fibrillation. COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; NOAF: New-onset atrial fibrillation; ACE2: Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2; AF: Atrial fibrillation.