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1
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Yang J, Cheng N. Beyond traditional methods: nanomaterials pave the way for precise nutrient detection in nutritionally fortified foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2025:1-36. [PMID: 40356436 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2025.2499618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2025]
Abstract
Detecting trace elements in nutritionally fortified foods is essential for safeguarding public health, as these micronutrients play a critical role in various biological processes, including enzyme functionality, cellular metabolism, and the structural integrity of macromolecules; however, current analytical methods are often limited by high operational costs, complex sample preparation, and the requirement for specialized technical expertise. This review highlights the transformative potential of nanotechnology in addressing these challenges, showcasing how nanomaterials enhance trace element detection through specific ligand recognition, oxidation-reduction reactions, adsorption, enzyme-like activities, and resonance energy transfer mechanisms. We discuss the integration of monodentate, bidentate, and polydentate ligands in nanomaterial-based detection systems to improve specificity and stability, and explore the implications of technologies such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), fluorescence, electrochemical signal, and spectral signal for advancing detection capabilities. Incorporating nanomaterial-based detection systems with advanced data processing technologies and portable inspection equipment is anticipated to enhance analytical capabilities, paving the way for real-time monitoring that fortifies food safety protocols, ensuring the quality and safety of fortified foods and ultimately contributing to improved public health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Yang
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Cheng
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Beijing, China
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2
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Poulios P, Skampouras S, Piperi C. Deciphering the role of cytokines in aging: Biomarker potential and effective targeting. Mech Ageing Dev 2025; 224:112036. [PMID: 39832637 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2025.112036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2024] [Revised: 01/02/2025] [Accepted: 01/16/2025] [Indexed: 01/22/2025]
Abstract
Aging is often characterized by chronic inflammation, immune system dysregulation, and cellular senescence with chronically elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These small glycoproteins are mainly secreted by immune cells, mediating intercellular communication and immune system modulation through inflammatory signaling. Their pro- and anti-inflammatory effects make them a noteworthy research topic as well as a promising ally in combating inflammation and the aging process. Cytokines exert a synergistic role in aging and disease and may prove useful biomarkers of tissue-specific dysregulation, disease diagnosis and monitoring, presenting potential therapeutic options as anti-inflammatory and senolytic medications. In this review, we address the cellular and molecular mechanisms implicating cytokines in the aging process and related diseases, highlighting their biomarker potential. We focus on the current therapeutic strategies, including specific pharmaceutical agents, supplements, a balanced diet, and healthy habits such as exercise, stress management, and caloric restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Poulios
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Stamoulis Skampouras
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece.
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3
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Conti MV, Santero S, Luzzi A, Cena H. Exploring potential mechanisms for zinc deficiency to impact in autism spectrum disorder: a narrative review. Nutr Res Rev 2024; 37:287-295. [PMID: 37728060 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422423000215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous and complex group of life-long neurodevelopmental disorders. How this clinical condition impacts an individual's intellectual, social and emotional capacities, contributing to alterations in the proprioceptive and sensory systems and increasing their selective attitude towards food, is well described in the literature. This complex condition or status exposes individuals with ASD to an increased risk of developing overweight, obesity and non-communicable diseases compared with the neurotypical population. Moreover, individuals with ASD are characterised by higher levels of inflammation, oxidative stress markers and intestinal dysbiosis. All these clinical features may also appear in zinc deficiency (ZD) condition. In fact, zinc is an essential micronutrient for human health, serving as a structural, catalytic and regulatory component in numerous physiological processes. The aim of this narrative review is to explore role of ZD in ASD. Factors affecting zinc absorption, excretion and dietary intake in this vulnerable population are taken into consideration. Starting from this manuscript, the authors encourage future research to investigate the role of ZD in ASD. The perspective is to potentially find another missing piece in the 'ASD clinical puzzle picture' to improve the health status of these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Conti
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - S Santero
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Luzzi
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, General Medicine, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
- Post Graduate Course in Food Science and Human Nutrition, Università Statale di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - H Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, General Medicine, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
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Chemek M, Kadi A, Al-Mahdawi FKI, Potoroko I. Zinc as a Possible Critical Element to Prevent Harmful Effects of COVID-19 on Testicular Function: a Narrative Review. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:3673-3687. [PMID: 38987405 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01638-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Research into innovative non-pharmacological therapeutic routes via the utilization of natural elements like zinc (Zn) has been motivated by the discovery of new severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV2) variants and the ineffectiveness of certain vaccination treatments during COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, research on SARS-COV-2's viral cellular entry and infection mechanism has shown that it may seriously harm reproductive system cells and impair testicular function in young men and adolescents, which may lead to male infertility over time. In this context, we conducted a narrative review to give an overview of the data pertaining to Zn's critical role in testicular tissue, the therapeutic use of such micronutrients to enhance male fertility, as well as in the potential mitigation of COVID-19, with the ultimate goal of elucidating the hypothesis of the potential use of Zn supplements to prevent the possible harmful effects of SARS-COV2 infection on testis physiological function, and subsequently, on male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marouane Chemek
- Department of food and biotechnology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russia.
| | - Ammar Kadi
- Department of food and biotechnology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russia
| | | | - Irina Potoroko
- Department of food and biotechnology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russia
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Santos HO. Intermittent fasting in the management of diabetes: a review of glycemic control and safety. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:1437-1443. [PMID: 37837312 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) regimens have emerged as a dietary tool to improve the glycemic profile, but a critical appraisal of clinical studies assessing the effects of IF regimens in patients with diabetes is needed. Thus, this review encompasses clinical studies examining the impact of different IF regimens on markers of glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Furthermore, clinical nuances relative to pharmacological treatment are also addressed, mainly insulin therapy, to discuss the risk of hypoglycemic events. Only a handful of clinical studies have investigated the effects of IF on patients with diabetes. Overall, IF regimens may elicit modest benefits on glycemic parameters in patients with diabetes, but their effects are not necessarily greater than those of control diets. Last, although IF regimens may be considered safe for patients receiving insulin therapy within interventional and observational research, markers of glycemic control must be constantly monitored in clinical practice to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Ahmad R, Shaju R, Atfi A, Razzaque MS. Zinc and Diabetes: A Connection between Micronutrient and Metabolism. Cells 2024; 13:1359. [PMID: 39195249 PMCID: PMC11352927 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem and a major contributor to mortality and morbidity. The management of this condition typically involves using oral antidiabetic medication, insulin, and appropriate dietary modifications, with a focus on macronutrient intake. However, several human studies have indicated that a deficiency in micronutrients, such as zinc, can be associated with insulin resistance as well as greater glucose intolerance. Zinc serves as a chemical messenger, acts as a cofactor to increase enzyme activity, and is involved in insulin formation, release, and storage. These diverse functions make zinc an important trace element for the regulation of blood glucose levels. Adequate zinc levels have also been shown to reduce the risk of developing diabetic complications. This review article explains the role of zinc in glucose metabolism and the effects of its inadequacy on the development, progression, and complications of diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, it describes the impact of zinc supplementation on preventing diabetes mellitus. The available information suggests that zinc has beneficial effects on the management of diabetic patients. Although additional large-scale randomized clinical trials are needed to establish zinc's clinical utility further, efforts should be made to increase awareness of its potential benefits on human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahnuma Ahmad
- Department of Physiology, Medical College for Women and Hospital, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Ronald Shaju
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV), Edinburg, TX 78541, USA
| | - Azeddine Atfi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Mohammed S. Razzaque
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV), Edinburg, TX 78541, USA
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Younes S. The role of nutrition on the treatment of Covid 19. HUMAN NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2024; 36:200255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2024.200255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
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Suzuki M, Ishikawa T, Ohashi K, Hoshii A, Hirosawa H, Noguchi H, Honma T. Serum zinc concentration as a potential predictor of presarcopenia in patients with chronic liver disease: a preliminary study. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 9:20. [PMID: 38716214 PMCID: PMC11074487 DOI: 10.21037/tgh-23-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Presarcopenia is a common complication of chronic liver disease. However, the relationship between serum zinc concentration and presarcopenia in patients with chronic liver disease remains unclear. Herein, we examined whether serum zinc concentration could predict presarcopenia in patients with chronic liver disease. METHODS Between October 2015 and December 2019, 278 patients with chronic liver disease (median age, 68 years; women/men, 133/145; hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus/negative hepatitis B surface antigen and negative anti-hepatitis C virus antibody, 55/124/99) who underwent abdominal computed tomography (CT) and simultaneous measurement of serum zinc concentration were included. Zinc deficiency and subclinical zinc deficiency were classified using serum zinc concentration cutoff values of <60 and <80 μg/dL [based on the Japanese Society of Clinical Nutrition (JSCN) guidelines], respectively. Additionally, presarcopenia was evaluated based on the skeletal muscle mass as per the Japan Society of Hepatology (JSH)'s sarcopenia criteria. RESULTS Univariate analysis revealed that the following factors were significantly associated with the presence of presarcopenia in patients with chronic liver disease: age (P<0.001), male sex (P<0.001), body mass index (BMI) (P<0.001), serum zinc concentration (P=0.005), fibrosis-4 index (P<0.001), and serum albumin concentration (P=0.03). Additionally, the median L3 skeletal muscle indices were as follows: men, non-presarcopenia group/presarcopenia group, 47.56/37.91 cm2/m2 (P<0.001); women, non-presarcopenia group/presarcopenia group, 41.64/32.88 cm2/m2 (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis using logistic regression analysis revealed that male sex [odds ratio (OR), 0.194; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.089-0.419; P<0.001], BMI (OR, 0.666; 95% CI: 0.582-0.761; P<0.001), and serum zinc concentration <60 μg/dL (OR, 5.930; 95% CI: 1.480-23.80; P=0.01) were factors associated with presarcopenia. The OR for serum zinc concentration between 60 and 80 μg/dL was 1.910 (95% CI: 0.824-4.420; P=0.13). CONCLUSIONS Low serum zinc levels may be an independent predictor of presarcopenia in patients with chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyuki Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacy, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toru Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ohashi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Asami Hoshii
- Department of Medical Radiology, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hirosawa
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirohito Noguchi
- Department of Nursing, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Terasu Honma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
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Makiabadi E, Nakhaeizadeh R, Soleimani M, Nasrollahzadeh J. Effects of perioperative vitamin E and zinc co-supplementation on systemic inflammation and length of stay following coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024; 78:120-127. [PMID: 37891226 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01356-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery has been reported to be associated with lower postoperative plasma antioxidant and zinc levels. We hypothesized that perioperative supplementation of vitamin E and zinc might improve short-term postoperative outcomes. METHODS In this placebo-controlled double-blind, randomized study, patients undergoing CABG performed with cardiopulmonary bypass were recruited. The intervention group received zinc and vitamin E supplementation (1200 IU vitamin E and 120 mg elemental zinc) the day before surgery, followed by postoperative daily supplementation of 30 mg zinc and 200 IU vitamin E from the 2nd day after surgery to 3 weeks. The control group received placebos. Length of stay (LOS) in the intensive care unit and hospital, sequential organ failure assessment score on 3rd day after surgery, and plasma inflammatory markers on days 3 and 21 post-surgery were evaluated. RESULTS Seventy-eight patients completed the study (40 in the intervention group and 38 in the placebo group). The hospital LOS was significantly shorter (p < 0.05) in the intervention group. Postoperative changes in plasma albumin levels were not different between the two groups. The plasma zinc level was higher (p < 0.0001), but plasma C-reactive protein (p = 0.01), pentraxin 3 (p < 0.0001), interferon γ (p < 0.05), malondialdehyde (p < 0.05), and aspartate aminotransferase (p < 0.01) were lower in the intervention group compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Perioperative vitamin E and zinc supplementation significantly reduced hospital LOS and the inflammatory response in CABG surgery patients. In these patients, the optimal combination and dose of micronutrients need further study but could include zinc and vitamin E. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov website (NCT05402826).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Makiabadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 7, Hafezi St., Farahzadi Blvd., Qods Town, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Nakhaeizadeh
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Shafa Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soleimani
- Department of Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, Shafa Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Javad Nasrollahzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 7, Hafezi St., Farahzadi Blvd., Qods Town, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Rabajdová M, Špaková I, Smolko L, Abrahamovská M, Baranovičová B, Birková A, Vašková J, Mareková M. Serum trace element levels and activity of enzymes associated with oxidative stress in endometriosis and endometrial cancer. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:148-157. [PMID: 37968795 PMCID: PMC10761925 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis and endometrial cancer are closely related to oxidative stress. However, the direct relationship between copper and zinc levels and oxidative stress in the extracellular and intracellular space remains unclear. The presented study is focused on the determination of serum Zn and Cu levels, glutathione concentration and enzyme activity in three groups: patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer (EC), patients diagnosed with endometriosis (EM), and a healthy control group. Spectrophotometric determination of trace elements revealed that levels of zinc and copper were lower in blood plasma of patients with endometriosis as compared with the other groups; however, there were no significant differences in the Cu/Zn ratio. Furthermore, significantly increased blood serum glutathione levels were detected in both EM and EC groups compared with the control group. While the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was similar across the studied groups, we observed differences in the activity of other enzymes associated with oxidative stress, including glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), between the control group and the EM and EC patients. Additionally, analysis of gene expression based on free circulating mRNA indicated significant differences in the expression of SOD isoenzymes between the patient groups and the control group; expression of GPx isoenzymes was also altered. Obtained results may have potential application in diagnostics as well as monitoring of endometriosis and endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Rabajdová
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineP. J. Šafárik University in KošiceSlovakia
| | - Ivana Špaková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineP. J. Šafárik University in KošiceSlovakia
| | - Lukáš Smolko
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineP. J. Šafárik University in KošiceSlovakia
| | - Michaela Abrahamovská
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineP. J. Šafárik University in KošiceSlovakia
| | - Barbora Baranovičová
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of MedicineP. J. Šafárik University in KošiceSlovakia
| | - Anna Birková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineP. J. Šafárik University in KošiceSlovakia
| | - Janka Vašková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineP. J. Šafárik University in KošiceSlovakia
| | - Mária Mareková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineP. J. Šafárik University in KošiceSlovakia
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Chen KY, Lin CK, Chen NH. Effects of vitamin D and zinc deficiency in acute and long COVID syndrome. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 80:127278. [PMID: 37566973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute inflammatory or neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as headache, fatigue, anosmia, and hyposmia, sometimes persist for more than 30 days or longer than 12 weeks after infection with the Omicron variant of SARS‑CoV‑2 (hereafter referred to as COVID-19). The aim of this study was to determine whether detection of zinc concentration or vitamin D concentration could provide treatment benefits for patients with COVID-19, thus reducing the risk of them experiencing long COVID. METHODS The interval between the date of COVID-19 diagnosis and the date of visit to pulmonary department for prolonged symptoms of COVID-19 was recorded for statistical analysis. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for detecting zinc and chemiluminescence immunoassay for detecting vitamin D were performed in laboratory tests. RESULTS Fifty-five patients were included. Of the participants, 29.1 % and 27.3 % had vitamin D and zinc deficiency, respectively. On average, the patients underwent long COVID treatment for 31.7 ± 17.7 days. A positive statistical correlation was observed between vitamin D and zinc concentrations (Pearson's correlation = 0.378). Compared with sufficient zinc levels, zinc deficiency was associated with a higher fibrinogen level (p < 0.05). Within 30 days, the observed vitamin D deficiency rate was only 21.4 %; after 30 days, the vitamin D deficiency rate rose to 37.0 % (McNemar's chi-square test; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Zinc deficiency correlates to acute and persistent inflammation and vitamin D deficiency is associated with delayed recovery in long COVID syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Yu Chen
- Chest Medicine, Lo-Tung Poh-Ai Hospital, No. 83, Nanchang Street, Luodong Township, Yilan County 265, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Kuo Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 6, West Sec. Chiapu Rd., Putzu City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Hung Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sleep Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Therapy, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Ghaedi K, Ghasempour D, Jowshan M, Zheng M, Ghobadi S, Jafari A. Effect of zinc supplementation in the management of type 2 diabetes: A grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation-assessed, dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:9228-9239. [PMID: 37183697 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2209802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The question of whether zinc supplementation may improve cardio-metabolic health in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains controversial and require further evaluation. This study aimed to summarize the effectiveness of oral zinc supplementation in improving cardio-metabolic risk markers in people with T2DM. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to April 2023, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). RCTs of type 2 diabetic adults (aged ≥18 years) comparing zinc supplementation with placebo were included. We excluded studies if not randomized, involved co-supplementation, and were conducted in children or pregnant women. Glycemic indices, lipid profiles, blood pressure, anthropometric measure, c-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine, and serum zinc were extracted. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methods. We used a random-effect model to perform the dose-response analysis. Effect sizes were presented as mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). 22 studies (n = 1442 participants) were included. The certainty of the evidence was rated as moderate to high. Zinc supplementation significantly reduced glycemic indices: including two-hour postprandial glucose (2hpp) (mean difference (MD): -34.34 mg/dl; 95%CI: -51.61∼ -17.07), fast blood sugar (FBS) (MD: -23.32 mg/dl; 95% CI: -33.81∼ -12.83), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (MD: -0.47; 95% CI: -0.71∼ -0.23). Zinc had a favorable effect on lipid profiles low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (MD: -10.76 mg/dl; CI: -17.79∼-3.73), triglyceride (TG) (MD: -18.23 mg/dl; CI: -32.81∼-3.65), total cholesterol (TC) (MD: -12.74 mg/dl; CI: -21.68∼-3.80), VLDL (MD: -5.39 mg/dl; CI: -7.35∼-3.43) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (MD: 4.04 mg/dl; CI: 0.96 ∼ 7.12). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) (MD): -3.64 mmHg; 95% CI: -6.77∼ -0.52), weight (MD: 1.00 kg; 95% CI: 0.34∼1.66), CRP (MD: -3.37 mg/l, 95% CI: -4.05∼ -2.70), and serum zinc (MD: 15.38 µg/dl; 95% CI: 10.74∼ 20.02) changed to a statistically significant extent with zinc supplementation. There was also a linear association between additional 10 mg/d zinc treatment with FBS, HbA1c, HDL, LDL, TG, TC, and serum zinc. A non-linear dose-response gradient was seen for FBS, HDL, and SBP (p < 0.05). Egger's test showed no substantial publication bias. Our findings strongly suggest a potential beneficial effect of zinc supplementation on type 2 diabetic patients. Further high-quality research is needed to determine the optimal form, dosage, and duration of zinc supplementation for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Ghaedi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Dorsa Ghasempour
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Jowshan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Miaobing Zheng
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Saeed Ghobadi
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alireza Jafari
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Rogowska A, Pryshchepa O, Som NN, Śpiewak P, Gołębiowski A, Rafińska K, Dobrucka R, Kurzydłowski K, Buszewski B, Pomastowski P. Study On The Zinc Ions Binding To Human Lactoferrin. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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Santos HO, May TL, Bueno AA. Eating more sardines instead of fish oil supplementation: Beyond omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, a matrix of nutrients with cardiovascular benefits. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1107475. [PMID: 37143475 PMCID: PMC10153001 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1107475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) play a significant role in the prevention and management of cardiometabolic diseases associated with a mild chronic pro-inflammatory background, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hypertriglyceridaemia, and fatty liver disease. The effects of n-3 PUFA supplements specifically, remain controversial regarding reducing risks of cardiovascular events. n-3 PUFA supplements come at a cost for the consumer and can result in polypharmacy for patients on pharmacotherapy. Sardines are a well-known, inexpensive source of n-3 PUFA and their consumption could reduce the need for n-3 PUFA supplementation. Moreover, sardines contain other cardioprotective nutrients, although further insights are crucial to translate a recommendation for sardine consumption into clinical practice. The present review discusses the matrix of nutrients contained in sardines which confer health benefits for cardiometabolism, beyond n-3 PUFA. Sardines contain calcium, potassium, magnesium, zinc, iron, taurine, arginine and other nutrients which together modulate mild inflammation and exacerbated oxidative stress observed in cardiovascular disease and in haemodynamic dysfunction. In a common serving of sardines, calcium, potassium, and magnesium are the minerals at higher amounts to elicit clinical benefits, whilst other nutrients are present in lower but valuable amounts. A pragmatic approach towards the consumption of such nutrients in the clinical scenario should be adopted to consider the dose-response relationship effects on physiological interactions. As most recommendations currently available are based on an indirect rationale of the physiological actions of the nutrients found in sardines, randomised clinical trials are warranted to expand the evidence on the benefits of sardine consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor O. Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Heitor O. Santos,
| | - Theresa L. May
- School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Allain A. Bueno
- School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
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15
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Guzmán DC, Brizuela NO, Herrera MO, Peraza AV, Garcia EH, Mejía GB, Olguin HJ. Assessment of the Roles of Magnesium and Zinc in Clinical Disorders. Curr Neurovasc Res 2023; 20:505-513. [PMID: 38037909 DOI: 10.2174/0115672026275688231108184457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability and facility of magnesium (Mg2+) and zinc (Zn2+) to interact with phosphate ions confer them the characteristics of essential trace elements. Trace elements are extremely necessary for the basic nucleic acid chemistry of cells of all known living organisms. More than 300 enzymes require zinc and magnesium ions for their catalytic actions, including all the enzymes involved in the synthesis of ATP. In addition, enzymes such as isomerases, oxidoreductases, lyases, transferases, ligases and hydrolases that use other nucleotides to synthesize DNA and RNA require magnesium and zinc. These nucleotides may trigger oxidative damage or important changes against free radicals. In the same way, nucleotides may play an important role in the pathophysiology of degenerative diseases, including in some clinical disorders, where vascular risk factors, oxidative stress and inflammation work to destabilize the patients` homeostatic equilibrium. Indeed, reduced levels of zinc and magnesium may lead to inadequate amount of antioxidant enzymes, and thus, acts as an important contributing factor for the induction of oxidative stress leading to cellular or tissue dysfunction. Hence, the development of zinc or magnesium enzyme inhibitors could be a novel opportunity for the treatment of some human disorders. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to assess the clinical benefits of zinc and magnesium in human health and their effects in some clinical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Calderón Guzmán
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP). Mexico City, CP 04530, Mexico
| | - Norma Osnaya Brizuela
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP). Mexico City, CP 04530, Mexico
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16
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Mediani A, Hamezah HS, Jam FA, Mahadi NF, Chan SXY, Rohani ER, Che Lah NH, Azlan UK, Khairul Annuar NA, Azman NAF, Bunawan H, Sarian MN, Kamal N, Abas F. A comprehensive review of drying meat products and the associated effects and changes. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1057366. [PMID: 36518998 PMCID: PMC9742493 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1057366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Preserving fresh food, such as meat, is significant in the effort of combating global food scarcity. Meat drying is a common way of preserving meat with a rich history in many cultures around the globe. In modern days, dried meat has become a well enjoyed food product in the market because of its long shelf-life, taste and health benefits. This review aims to compile information on how the types of meat, ingredients and the used drying technologies influence the characteristics of dried meat in physicochemical, microbial, biochemical and safety features along with technological future prospects in the dried meat industry. The quality of dried meat can be influenced by a variety of factors, including its production conditions and the major biochemical changes that occur throughout the drying process, which are also discussed in this review. Additionally, the sensory attributes of dried meat are also reviewed, whereby the texture of meat and the preference of the market are emphasized. There are other aspects and concerning issues that are suggested for future studies. It is well-known that reducing the water content in meat helps in preventing microbial growth, which in turn prevents the presence of harmful substances in meat. However, drying the meat can change the characteristics of the meat itself, making consumers concerned on whether dried meat is safe to be consumed on a regular basis. It is important to consider the role of microbial enzymes and microbes in the preservation of their flavor when discussing dried meats and dried meat products. The sensory, microbiological, and safety elements of dried meat are also affected by these distinctive changes, which revolve around customer preferences and health concerns, particularly how drying is efficient in eliminating/reducing hazardous bacteria from the fish. Interestingly, some studies have concentrated on increasing the efficiency of dried meat production to produce a safer range of dried meat products with less effort and time. This review compiled important information from all available online research databases. This review may help the food sector in improving the efficiency and safety of meat drying, reducing food waste, while maintaining the quality and nutritional content of dried meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mediani
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Sharon Xi Ying Chan
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | | | - Noor Hanini Che Lah
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ummi Kalthum Azlan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Nur Aida Fatin Azman
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Malacca, Malaysia
| | - Hamidun Bunawan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Murni Nazira Sarian
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurkhalida Kamal
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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17
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Bratchikov OI, Dubonos PA, Tyuzikov IA, Zhilyaeva YA. Zinc metabolism in healthy men and in patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.8.94845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Zinc is a vital trace element, which regulates metabolism of a prostate gland. It has been established that a low plasma zinc level in men increases the risk of chronic prostatitis and vice versa, chronic prostatitis is often accompanied by zinc deficiency in the prostate gland. The purpose of this study is to research the features and possible correlations of zinc metabolism disorders at systemic (in blood) and local (in prostatic fluid) levels in healthy men and patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP).
Materials and methods: Ninety patients with CBP (main group) and thirty healthy men (control group) were randomized by age (mean age 38.5±2.9 years) and examined. In addition to standard examinations, the zinc levels in blood serum and prostatic fluid were determined, and the oxidative status of the prostate gland was assessed (the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), conjugated dienes, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the prostatic fluid) according to standard methods.
Results and discussion: In patients with CBP, the absolute deficiency of plasma and prostatic zinc was detected 2.89 and 2.5 times more often, respectively, than in healthy men (p < 0.05). At the same time, both the patients with CBP and healthy men had significant correlations between plasma zinc and zinc in prostatic fluid (r = 0.345; n = 37; p = 0.001 and r = 0.156; n = 30; p = 0.001; respectively). A significant positive correlation between the zinc level and the activity of SOD in prostatic fluid was revealed only in the patients with CBP (r = 0.389; n = 90; p = 0.001).
Conclusion: Zinc concentration in blood plasma does not objectively reflect zinc metabolism disorders in the prostate gland, and therefore the determination of zinc in prostatic fluid is the most reliable and sensitive method for assessing zink disorders in patients with CBP.
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18
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The Mechanisms of Zinc Action as a Potent Anti-Viral Agent: The Clinical Therapeutic Implication in COVID-19. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101862. [PMID: 36290585 PMCID: PMC9598180 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of COVID-19 was caused by a novel coronavirus termed as SARS-CoV2 and is still ongoing with high morbidity and mortality rates in the whole world. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is highly linked with over-active immune and inflammatory responses, leading to activated cytokine storm, which contribute to ARDS with worsen outcome. Currently, there is no effective therapeutic drug for the treatment of COVID-19. Zinc is known to act as an immune modulator, which plays an important role in immune defense system. Recently, zinc has been widely considered as an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agent. Accumulating numbers of studies have revealed that zinc plays an important role in antiviral immunity in several viral infections. Several early clinical trials clearly indicate that zinc treatment remarkably decreased the severity of the upper respiratory infection of rhinovirus in humans. Currently, zinc has been used for the therapeutic intervention of COVID-19 in many different clinical trials. Several clinical studies reveal that zinc treatment using a combination of HCQ and zinc pronouncedly reduced symptom score and the rates of hospital admission and mortality in COVID-19 patients. These data support that zinc might act as an anti-viral agent in the addition to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties for the adjuvant therapeutic intervention of COVID-19.
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19
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Highlights about the association of health and skipping breakfast in adolescents and adults. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:673-674. [PMID: 34544505 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521003755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Santos HO, Cadegiani FA, Forbes SC. Nonpharmacological Interventions for the Management of Testosterone and Sperm Parameters: A Scoping Review. Clin Ther 2022; 44:1129-1149. [PMID: 35810031 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Testosterone replacement and associated pharmacologic agents are effective strategies to treat male hypogonadism; however, nutraceutical agents and lifestyle modification approaches have gained medical interest. The purpose of this scoping review is to highlight the evidence (or lack thereof) of nutraceuticals and lifestyle modification approaches in the management of testosterone levels and sperm parameters. METHODS A scoping review of nonpharmacologic interventions (supplements, herbal medicines, diets, sleep, and exercise) with the potential to improve male health was undertaken to elucidate changes in testosterone levels and sperm parameters in men with hypogonadism or infertility compared with healthy patients. FINDINGS A multitude of nutraceuticals and functional nutrients are purported to stimulate testosterone production; however, only a select few have had promising results, such as zinc, vitamin D (in case of hypovitaminosis D), l-arginine, mucuna, and ashwagandha, based on well-controlled randomized clinical trials of men with low testosterone levels and related problems. Except for l-arginine, these natural agents, as well as tribulus and ω3 fatty acids, can improve some degree of sperm parameters in infertile men. Before implementing these nutraceutical agents, adequate sleep, exercise, and weight loss in patients with obesity are imperative. The effects of nonpharmacologic interventions on testosterone levels are modest and hence do not directly translate into clinical benefits. Correspondingly, androgen receptor content, but not endogenous androgens, has been regarded as the principal factor in muscle hypertrophy. IMPLICATIONS A limited number of supplements and herbal medicines can be considered as adjunctive approaches in the management of testosterone levels and sperm parameters, primarily in men with low testosterone levels and infertility, whereas most nonpharmacologic supplements appear to lack evidence. Although proper physical exercise, sleep, and diet are indisputable approaches because of the general benefits to health, the use of nutraceuticals, if considered, must be personalized by physicians and/or registered dietitians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flávio A Cadegiani
- Applied Biology Inc, Irvine, California; Department of Endocrinology, Corpometria Institute, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Scott C Forbes
- Faculty of Education, Department of Physical Education Studies, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
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21
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Li T, Jiao R, Ma J, Zang J, Zhao G, Zhang T. Zinc binding strength of proteins dominants zinc uptake in Caco-2 cells. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21122-21128. [PMID: 35975046 PMCID: PMC9341287 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03565k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc plays a vital role in structural, catalysis, and signal regulation in the human body. Zinc deficiency leads to the dysfunction of many organs and immunity systems. Diet proteins have distinct effects on zinc uptake. However, the mechanisms are uncovered. Here we select three principal components from whey protein: alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, and bovine serum albumin, which bind with zinc at different affinities, to evaluate the relationship between their potential zinc uptake and protein binding. The experimental data shows that beta-lactoglobulin could promote zinc uptake, alpha-lactalbumin has minor effects, whereas bovine serum albumin reduced zinc uptake in Caco-2 cell lines. Zinc binding effects on protein structure were thoroughly inspected through fluorescent spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that three proteins have different binding affinities toward zinc ions. We speculate that protein binding eliminates toxic effects from free zinc, and the binding strength dominates zinc uptake. Zinc binding strength of diet proteins dominants zinc uptake in Caco-2 cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Ruonan Jiao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Jiaqi Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Jiachen Zang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Guanghua Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Tuo Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China
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22
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Costa BTD, Araújo GRL, da Silva Júnior RT, Santos LKDS, Lima de Souza Gonçalves V, Lima DBA, Cuzzuol BR, Santos Apolonio J, de Carvalho LS, Marques HS, Silva CS, Barcelos IDS, Oliveira MV, Freire de Melo F. Effects of nutrients on immunomodulation in patients with severe COVID-19: Current knowledge. World J Crit Care Med 2022; 11:201-218. [PMID: 36051942 PMCID: PMC9305681 DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v11.i4.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has demonstrated that critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) show significant immune system dysregulation. Due to that, some nutrients that influence immunomodulation have been suggested as a form of treatment against the infection. This review collected the information on the impact of vitamins on the prognosis of COVID-19, with the intention of facilitating treatment and prevention of the disease risk status in patients. The collected information was obtained using the PubMed electronic database by searching for articles that relate COVID-19 and the mechanisms/effects of the nutrients: Proteins, glucose, lipids, vitamin B12, vitamin D, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, and magnesium, including prospective, retrospective, and support articles. The findings reveal an optimal response related mainly to omega-3, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, calcium, and iron that might represent benefits in the treatment of critically ill patients. However, nutrient supplementation should be done with caution due to the limited availability of randomized controlled studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Teixeira da Costa
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Glauber Rocha Lima Araújo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Luana Kauany de Sá Santos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Bastos Alves Lima
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Rocha Cuzzuol
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Santos Apolonio
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lorena Sousa de Carvalho
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Hanna Santos Marques
- Campus Vitória da Conquista, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45083-900, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Camilo Santana Silva
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Isadora de Souza Barcelos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Márcio Vasconcelos Oliveira
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
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23
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Guilherme VA, Cunha VRR, de Paula E, de Araujo DR, Constantino VRL. Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Evaluation of a Phytochemical Intercalated into Layered Double Hydroxide. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050934. [PMID: 35631520 PMCID: PMC9144641 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coumaric acid (CouH), an antioxidant molecule assimilated by food consumption, was intercalated into layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocarrier, having zinc and aluminium ions in the layers (LDH-Cou), to evaluate its pharmacological activity through in vitro and in vivo assays in mice. Therefore, the following tests were performed: coumarate delivery in saline solution, fibroblasts’ cell viability using neutral red, peritonitis induced by carrageenan, formalin test, acetic-acid-induced writhing, and tail-flick assay, for the non-intercalated CouH and the intercalated LDH-Cou system. Furthermore, different pharmacological pathways were also investigated to evaluate their possible anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive mechanisms of action, in comparison to traditionally used agents (morphine, naloxone, caffeine, and indomethacin). The LDH-Cou drug delivery system showed more pronounced anti-inflammatory effect than CouH but not more than that evoked by the classic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) indomethacin. For the analgesic effect, according to the tail-flick test, the treatment with LDH-Cou expressively increased the analgesia duration (p < 0.001) by approximately 1.7−1.8 times compared to CouH or indomethacin. Thus, the results pointed out that the LDH-Cou system induced in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities and possibly uses similar mechanisms to that observed for classic NSAIDs, such as indomethacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane A. Guilherme
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (V.A.G.); (E.d.P.)
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Adventista de São Paulo—UNASP, Engenheiro Coelho 13448-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa R. R. Cunha
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo—USP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso—Campus Juína—IFT-MT, Juína 78320-000, MT, Brazil
| | - Eneida de Paula
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (V.A.G.); (E.d.P.)
| | - Daniele R. de Araujo
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC—UFABC, Santo André 09210-170, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (D.R.d.A.); (V.R.L.C.)
| | - Vera R. L. Constantino
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo—USP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (D.R.d.A.); (V.R.L.C.)
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24
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Hussain A, Jiang W, Wang X, Shahid S, Saba N, Ahmad M, Dar A, Masood SU, Imran M, Mustafa A. Mechanistic Impact of Zinc Deficiency in Human Development. Front Nutr 2022; 9:717064. [PMID: 35356730 PMCID: PMC8959901 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.717064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency in humans is an emerging global health issue affecting approximately two billion people across the globe. The situation prevails due to the intake of Zn deficient grains and vegetables worldwide. Clinical identification of Zn deficiency in humans remains problematic because the symptoms do not appear until impair the vital organs, such as the gastrointestinal track, central nervous system, immune system, skeletal, and nervous system. Lower Zn body levels are also responsible for multiple physiological disorders, such as apoptosis, organs destruction, DNA injuries, and oxidative damage to the cellular components through reactive oxygen species (ROS). The oxidative damage causes chronic inflammation lead toward several chronic diseases, such as heart diseases, cancers, alcohol-related malady, muscular contraction, and neuro-pathogenesis. The present review focused on the physiological and growth-related changes in humans under Zn deficient conditions, mechanisms adopted by the human body under Zn deficiency for the proper functioning of the body systems, and the importance of nutritional and nutraceutical approaches to overcome Zn deficiency in humans and concluded that the biofortified food is the best source of Zn as compared to the chemical supplementation to avoid their negative impacts on human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Hussain
- Department of Soil Science, The Islamia Diversity of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Wenting Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Xiukang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Shumaila Shahid
- Department of Soil Science, The Islamia Diversity of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Noreena Saba
- Qaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Maqshoof Ahmad
- Department of Soil Science, The Islamia Diversity of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abubakar Dar
- Department of Soil Science, The Islamia Diversity of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Syed Usama Masood
- Clinical Fellow Pediatric Nephrology, Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Adnan Mustafa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition (FA), Mendel University, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Environmental Studies, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czechia
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25
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Rajkumar KS, Sivagaami P, Ramkumar A, Murugadas A, Srinivasan V, Arun S, Senthil Kumar P, Thirumurugan R. Bio-functionalized zinc oxide nanoparticles: Potential toxicity impact on freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133220. [PMID: 34914955 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing concern nowadays over the exposure of nanomaterials and their effects in aquatic life. In spite of reporting the changes in physiology, reproduction and behaviour in fish by different nanoparticles, the molecular events underlying in the aquatic bodies due to the toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are mainly unexplored. Therefore, the present study carried out an ex vivo exposure of ZnO NPs at various concentrations (0.382, 0.573 and 1.146 mg L-1) in freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio to investigate the potential adverse effects. The results revealed that ZnO NPs exposure altered the haematological parameter and induces the reactive oxygen species (ROS) that leads to elevation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidise (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) activity in C. carpio. Furthermore, histopathological analysis exhibited that the ZnO NPs caused lamellar fusion, aneurism, cytoplasmic vacuolation, nuclear alteration, necrotic muscle fiber and pyknotic nuclei in the gills, liver and muscles of C. carpio. ZnO NPs exposure significantly up-regulated the overlapping expressions of SOD1, CAT, GPx1a, GST-α, CYP1A, and Nrf-2 genes. A higher level of Zn bioaccumulation was observed in the following order: gill (35.03 ± 2.50 μg g-1), liver (5.33 ± 0.73 μg g-1) and muscle (2.30 ± 0.20 μg g-1) at 1.146 mg L-1 exposure of ZnO NPs. Hence, the current study indicated that the biogenic ZnO NPs generate toxicity in fishes by modifying the antioxidant defense mechanisms, histomorphology, and oxidative stress encoding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnasamy Sekar Rajkumar
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics & Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palaniyappan Sivagaami
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics & Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arunachalam Ramkumar
- UGC-National Centre for Alternatives to Animal Experiments, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anbazhagan Murugadas
- UGC-National Centre for Alternatives to Animal Experiments, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Veeran Srinivasan
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics & Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sridhar Arun
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics & Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India; Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, India
| | - Ramasamy Thirumurugan
- Laboratory of Aquabiotics & Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India; UGC-National Centre for Alternatives to Animal Experiments, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Melatonin Effectiveness in Amelioration of Oxidative Stress and Strengthening of Antioxidant Defense System: Findings from a Systematic Review and Dose-response Meta-analysis of Controlled Clinical Trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 48:109-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pryshchepa O, Sagandykova G, Rudnicka J, Pomastowski P, Sprynskyy M, Buszewski B. Synthesis and physicochemical characterization of zinc-lactoferrin complexes. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:1940-1958. [PMID: 35033339 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
One trend of the modern world is the search for new biologically active substances based on renewable resources. Milk proteins can be a solution for such purposes as they have been known for a long time as compounds that can be used for the manufacturing of multiple food and non-food products. Thus, the goal of the work was to investigate the parameters of Zn-bovine lactoferrin (bLTF) interactions, which enables the synthesis of Zn-rich protein complexes. Zinc-bLTF complexes can be used as food additives or wound-healing agents. Methodology of the study included bLTF characterization by sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE, MALDI-TOF, and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry as well Zn-bLTF interactions by attenuated total reflection-Fourier-transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, scanning and transmission microscopy, and zeta potential measurements. The obtained results revealed that the factors that affect Zn-bLTF interactions most significantly were found to be pH and ionic strength of the solution and, in particular, the concentration of Zn2+. These findings imply that these factors should be considered when aiming at the synthesis of Zn-bLTF metallocomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra Pryshchepa
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Gulyaim Sagandykova
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Joanna Rudnicka
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Myroslav Sprynskyy
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
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28
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Huq AKO, Bazlur Rahim ANM, Moktadir SMG, Uddin I, Manir MZ, Siddique MAB, Islam K, Islam MS. Integrated Nutritional Supports for Diabetic Patients During COVID-19 Infection: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Diabetes Rev 2022; 18:e022821191889. [PMID: 33645486 DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666210301103233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine metabolic disorder, which affects the major organs in human and comorbid with others. Besides, diabetic patients are more prone to various infectious diseases as well as COVID-19 sporadic infection which is a high risk for patients with diabetes mellitus. To combat these infections and comorbid situations, an integrated balanced nutritional supportive could help in maintaining sound health and increase immunity for prevention and management of such type of viral infections. OBJECTIVES While information regarding nutritional supports in COVID-19 pandemic in diabetic patients is not available, this review aimed to accumulate the evidence from previous publications where studied about nutrition-based supports or interventions for viral diseases with special emphasis on respiratory infections. METHODS For reviewing, searches are done for getting journal articles into Google Scholar, Pub Med/Medline, Database of Open Access Journal and Science Direct for relevant data and information. RESULTS Integrated nutritional supports of both macronutrients and micronutrients guidelines, including home-based physical exercise schedule, is summarized in this comprehensive review for possible prevention and management of diabetic patients in COVID-19 infections. The immuneboosting benefits of some vitamins, trace elements, nutraceuticals and probiotics in viral infections of diabetic patients are also included. CONCLUSION There is an urgent need for a healthy diet and integrated nutritional supports with home-based physical activities for diabetic patients during the self-isolation period of COVID-19 Infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Obidul Huq
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Naim Mohammad Bazlur Rahim
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - S M Golam Moktadir
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - Ielias Uddin
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Zahidul Manir
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Abu Bakr Siddique
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - Khaleda Islam
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sirajul Islam
- Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
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29
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Islam MT, Quispe C, Martorell M, Docea AO, Salehi B, Calina D, Reiner Ž, Sharifi-Rad J. Dietary supplements, vitamins and minerals as potential interventions against viruses: Perspectives for COVID-19. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2022; 92:49-66. [PMID: 33435749 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing COVID-19 disease pandemic has infected millions of people and caused more than thousands of deaths in many countries across the world. The number of infected cases is increasing day by day. Unfortunately, we do not have a vaccine and specific treatment for it. Along with the protective measures, respiratory and/or circulatory supports and some antiviral and retroviral drugs have been used against SARS-CoV-2, but there are no more extensive studies proving their efficacy. In this study, the latest publications in the field have been reviewed, focusing on the modulatory effects on the immunity of some natural antiviral dietary supplements, vitamins and minerals. Findings suggest that several dietary supplements, including black seeds, garlic, ginger, cranberry, orange, omega-3 and -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins (e.g., A, B vitamins, C, D, E), and minerals (e.g., Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Se, Zn) have anti-viral effects. Many of them act against various species of respiratory viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronaviruses. Therefore, dietary supplements, including vitamins and minerals, probiotics as well as individual nutritional behaviour can be used as adjuvant therapy together with antiviral medicines in the management of COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Bangladesh
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Chile
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT), Concepción, Chile
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
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Álamo P, Parladé E, López-Laguna H, Voltà-Durán E, Unzueta U, Vazquez E, Mangues R, Villaverde A. Ion-dependent slow protein release from in vivo disintegrating micro-granules. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:2383-2391. [PMID: 34747685 PMCID: PMC8584089 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1998249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Through the controlled addition of divalent cations, polyhistidine-tagged proteins can be clustered in form of chemically pure and mechanically stable micron-scale particles. Under physiological conditions, these materials act as self-disintegrating protein depots for the progressive release of the forming polypeptide, with potential applications in protein drug delivery, diagnosis, or theragnosis. Here we have explored the in vivo disintegration pattern of a set of such depots, upon subcutaneous administration in mice. These microparticles were fabricated with cationic forms of either Zn, Ca, Mg, or Mn, which abound in the mammalian body. By using a CXCR4-targeted fluorescent protein as a reporter building block we categorized those cations regarding their ability to persist in the administration site and to sustain a slow release of functional protein. Ca2+ and specially Zn2+ have been observed as particularly good promoters of time-prolonged protein leakage. The released polypeptides result is available for selective molecular interactions, such as specific fluorescent labeling of tumor tissues, in which the protein reaches nearly steady levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Álamo
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC Campus Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eloi Parladé
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Hèctor López-Laguna
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Eric Voltà-Durán
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ugutz Unzueta
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC Campus Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Esther Vazquez
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ramon Mangues
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC Campus Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Xie C, Wan L, Li C, Feng Y, Kang YJ. Selective suppression of M1 macrophages is involved in zinc inhibition of liver fibrosis in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 97:108802. [PMID: 34119631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Zinc deficiency is common in the liver of patients with chronic liver disease. Zinc supplementation suppresses the progression of liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in mice. The present study was undertaken to specifically investigate a possible mechanism by which zinc plays this role in the liver. Kunming mice were subjected to BDL for 4 weeks to induce liver fibrosis, and concomitantly treated with zinc sulfite or saline as control by gavage once a day. The results showed that zinc supplementation significantly suppressed liver fibrosis and inflammation along with inhibition of hepatic stellate cells activation induced by BDL. These inhibitory effects were accompanied by the reduction of collagen deposition and a significant reduction of macrophage infiltration affected livers. Importantly, zinc selectively inhibited M1 macrophage polarization and M1-related inflammatory cytokines. This inhibitory effect was further confirmed by the reduction of relevant biomarkers of M1 macrophages including inducible NO synthase (iNOS), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), and tumor necrosis factor-α in the zinc supplemented BDL livers. In addition, zinc inhibition of M1 macrophages was associated with a decrease of Notch1 expression. Taken together, these data indicated that zinc supplementation inhibited liver inflammation and fibrosis in BDL mice through selective suppression of M1 macrophages, which is associated with inhibition of Notch1 pathway in M1 macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxia Xie
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Wan
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Li
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinrui Feng
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y James Kang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Memphis Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
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32
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Santos HO. Therapeutic supplementation with zinc in the management of COVID-19-related diarrhea and ageusia/dysgeusia: mechanisms and clues for a personalized dosage regimen. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1086-1093. [PMID: 34338769 PMCID: PMC8385805 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc supplementation is indicated for diarrhea and taste disorders, which are both features of COVID-19. Nevertheless, this strategy has not been tested for the treatment of these secondary complications in the current pandemic. Through an updated review, a practical appraisal was considered as a means of providing a medical nexus of therapeutic zinc regimens as an adjunct in the management of COVID-19–related diarrhea and ageusia/dysgeusia. While diarrhea and taste disorders are consequences of COVID-19, zinc supplementation is useful for non–COVID-19 patients with these clinical problems. The overwhelming evidence for supplementing with zinc in diarrhea and pneumonia is associated with the treatment of children, while for taste disorders the use of supplementing with zinc is more examined in adults. Whereas COVID-19 is more prevalent in adults, precautions should be exercised not to translate the zinc dosage used for children with diarrhea and taste disorders into the current pandemic. Therapeutic doses of zinc used for adults (∼50–150 mg/day of elemental zinc) could be included in the treatment strategies for COVID-19, but this proposal should be examined through randomized studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor O Santos
- H.O. Santos is with the School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- H.O. Santos, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Para Street, 1720, Umuarama, Block 2H, Uberlandia, 38400-902 MG, Brazil. E-mail:
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Abstract
Evidence for the importance of zinc for all immune cells and for mounting an efficient and balanced immune response to various environmental stressors has been accumulating in recent years. This article describes the role of zinc in fundamental biological processes and summarizes our current knowledge of zinc's effect on hematopoiesis, including differentiation into immune cell subtypes. In addition, the important role of zinc during activation and function of immune cells is detailed and associated with the specific immune responses to bacteria, parasites, and viruses. The association of zinc with autoimmune reactions and cancers as diseases with increased or decreased immune responses is also discussed. This article provides a broad overview of the manifold roles that zinc, or its deficiency, plays in physiology and during various diseases. Consequently, we discuss why zinc supplementation should be considered, especially for people at risk of deficiency. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 41 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Wessels
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | | | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
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Bratchikov OI, Tyuzikov IA, Dubonos PA. Nutritional supplementation of the pharmacotherapy of prostate diseases. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.67465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Nutritional supplementation is an integral part of modern pharmacotherapeutic strategies for prostate diseases with different levels of evidence for specific nutrients.
Provitamin A (beta-carotene), vitamin A (retinol) and prostate diseases. Their effects have not been sufficiently studied, and the available data are conflicting to recommend them as a nutritional supplement.
Vitamin E (tocopherol) and prostate diseases. Its effects have not been sufficiently studied, and the available data are conflicting to recommend it as a nutritional supplement.
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and prostate diseases. Its effects have not been sufficiently studied, and the available data are conflicted to recommend it as a nutritional supplement.
Vitamin K and prostate diseases. Its effects have not been sufficiently studied, and the available data are conflicted to recommend it as a nutritional supplement.
Vitamin D and prostate diseases. The evidence base of the vitamin D prostatotropic effects has been accumulated, which allows us to consider its deficiency replacement as an effective nutritional supplement in prostate diseases.
Omega-3 PUFAs and prostate diseases. They have universal physiological effects; however, the evidence base for their recommendation as a nutritional supplement for prostate diseases is still insufficient.
Zinc and prostate diseases. Positive effects of zinc on the prostate gland are known for a fact and allow us to recommend it as a nutritional supplement for prostate diseases.
Selenium and prostate diseases. The reliably proven positive effects of selenium on the prostate gland allow us to recommend it as a nutritional supplement for prostate diseases.
Magnesium and prostate diseases. Its effects have not been sufficiently studied, and the available data are conflicting to recommend it as a nutritional supplement.
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35
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Srivastava A, Gupta RC, Doss RB, Lall R. Trace Minerals, Vitamins and Nutraceuticals in Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19. J Diet Suppl 2021; 19:395-429. [PMID: 33682615 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.1890662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first officially diagnosed in the city of Wuhan, China in January 2020. In reality, the disease was identified in December 2019 in the same city where patients began showing symptoms of pneumonia of unidentified origin. Very soon the disease became a global pandemic due to the suppression of information in the country of origin and inadequate testing for the COVID-19 virus. Currently, > 101 million people have been found positive for this virus and > 2.17 million people have died. There are no signs that COVID-19 is slowing down. This deadly virus affects multiple vital organs (lungs, heart, nervous system, blood, and immune system), yet its exact mechanism of pathophysiology remains obscure. Depending on the viral load, sick people often show symptoms of fever, cough, shortness of breath, coagulopathy, cardiac abnormalities, fatigue, and death. Great strides have been made in COVID-19 testing, thereby allowing timely therapeutic intervention. Currently, vaccines are on the market from Pfizer, Moderna and Astra Zeneca with limited supply. Phase III clinical trials are also underway from other manufacturers. In the current scenario, nutraceuticals and other phyto-mineral supplements appear to be promising alternative solutions for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramesh C Gupta
- Breathitt Veterinary Center, Toxicology Department, Murray State University, Hopkinsville, KY, USA
| | - Robin B Doss
- Breathitt Veterinary Center, Toxicology Department, Murray State University, Hopkinsville, KY, USA
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Assessing Suitability of Sorghum to Alleviate Sub-Saharan Nutritional Deficiencies through the Nutritional Water Productivity Index in Semi-Arid Regions. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020385. [PMID: 33578681 PMCID: PMC7916397 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of cereal nutritional water productivity (NWP) information disadvantages linkages of nutrition to water–food nexus as staple food crops in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study determined the suitability of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) genotypes to alleviate protein, Zn and Fe deficiency under water-scarce dryland conditions through evaluation of NWP. Sorghum genotypes (Macia, Ujiba, PAN8816, IsiZulu) NWP was quantified from three planting seasons for various sorghum seed nutrients under dryland semi-arid conditions. Seasons by genotypes interaction highly and significantly affected NWPStarch, Ca, Cu, Fe, and significantly affected NWPMg, K, Na, P, Zn. Genotypic variations highly and significantly affected sorghum NWPProtein, Mn. Macia exhibited statistically superior NWPprotein (13.2–14.6 kg·m−3) and NWPZn (2.0–2.6 g·m−3) compared to other tested genotypes, while Macia NWPFe (2.6–2.7 g·m−3) was considerably inferior to that of Ujiba and IsiZulu landraces under increased water scarcity. Excellent overall NWPprotein, Fe and Zn under water scarcity make Macia a well-rounded genotype suitable to alleviating food and nutritional insecurity challenges in semi-arid SSA; however, landraces are viable alternatives with limited NWPprotein and Zn penalty under water-limited conditions. These results underline genotype selection as a vital tool in improving “nutrition per drop” in semi-arid regions.
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Oczkowski M, Dziendzikowska K, Pasternak-Winiarska A, Włodarek D, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J. Dietary Factors and Prostate Cancer Development, Progression, and Reduction. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020496. [PMID: 33546190 PMCID: PMC7913227 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the constantly increasing number of cases, prostate cancer has become one of the most important health problems of modern societies. This review presents the current knowledge regarding the role of nutrients and foodstuff consumption in the etiology and development of prostate malignancies, including the potential mechanisms of action. The results of several in vivo and in vitro laboratory experiments as well as those reported by the clinical and epidemiological research studies carried out around the world were analyzed. The outcomes of these studies clearly show the influence of both nutrients and food products on the etiology and prevention of prostate cancer. Consumption of certain nutrients (saturated and trans fatty acids) and food products (e.g., processed meat products) leads to the disruption of prostate hormonal regulation, induction of oxidative stress and inflammation, and alteration of growth factor signaling and lipid metabolism, which all contribute to prostate carcinogenesis. On the other hand, a high consumption of vegetables, fruits, fish, and whole grain products exerts protective and/or therapeutic effects. Special bioactive functions are assigned to compounds such as flavonoids, stilbenes, and lycopene. Since the influence of nutrients and dietary pattern is a modifiable risk factor in the development and prevention of prostate cancer, awareness of the beneficial and harmful effects of individual food ingredients is of great importance in the global strategy against prostate cancer.
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38
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Pereira CGM, Santana ERS, Ramos JER, da Silva HMBS, Nunes MAP, Forbes SC, Santos HO. Low Serum Zinc Levels and Associated Risk Factors in Hospitalized Patients Receiving Oral or Enteral Nutrition: A Case-control Study. Clin Ther 2020; 43:e39-e55. [PMID: 33388174 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess whether hospitalization and feeding strategy impact the risk of hypozincemia and associated risk factors. METHODS In this case-control study, serum zinc levels were compared between inpatients fed oral nutrition (ON) (n = 76) or enteral nutrition (EN) (n = 191) with outpatient controls (n = 1095). FINDINGS Zinc levels were significantly lower in inpatients receiving EN compared with those receiving ON (P = 0.001). Significant (P < 0.001) β-values of -11.16 and -17.58 for serum zinc concentrations were found for inpatients receiving ON or EN, respectively, compared with the outpatients. Hospitalization and old age were both independent predictors of zinc deficiency. More than 75% of patients >60 years of age fed EN had a zinc concentration <68.75 μg/dL. Low hemoglobin levels increased the risk of low zinc levels for inpatients receiving EN (P = 0.003) and ON (P = 0.026). Age (P < 0.001), noninvasive mechanical ventilatory support (P = 0.016), and critical care (P = 0.018) were risk factors for hypozincemia in patients receiving ON. Low iron levels were associated with hypozincemia (P = 0.001) in patients receiving EN. IMPLICATIONS Hospitalization and being >60 years of age were risk factors for zinc deficiency. Intensive care and noninvasive mechanical ventilatory support were risk factors for hypozincemia in hospitalized patients who were fed orally. Low hemoglobin levels increased the risk of low zinc concentrations for inpatients receiving EN and ON, and low iron levels were associated with hypozincemia only after EN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina G M Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil; São Lucas Hospital, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Erely R S Santana
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Joane E R Ramos
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Marco A P Nunes
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Scott C Forbes
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Santos HO, Tinsley GM, da Silva GAR, Bueno AA. Pharmaconutrition in the Clinical Management of COVID-19: A Lack of Evidence-Based Research But Clues to Personalized Prescription. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E145. [PMID: 32992693 PMCID: PMC7712662 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A scientific interest has emerged to identify pharmaceutical and nutritional strategies in the clinical management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this narrative review is to critically assess and discuss pharmaconutrition strategies that, secondary to accepted treatment methods, could be candidates in the current context of COVID-19. Oral medicinal doses of vitamin C (1-3 g/d) and zinc (80 mg/d elemental zinc) could be promising at the first signs and symptoms of COVID-19 as well as for general colds. In critical care situations requiring parenteral nutrition, vitamin C (3-10 g/d) and glutamine (0.3-0.5 g/kg/d) administration could be considered, whereas vitamin D3 administration (100,000 IU administered intramuscularly as a one-time dose) could possess benefits for patients with severe deficiency. Considering the presence of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and arginine in immune-enhancing diets, their co-administration may also occur in clinical conditions where these formulations are recommended. However, despite the use of the aforementioned strategies in prior contexts, there is currently no evidence of the utility of any nutritional strategies in the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19. Nevertheless, ongoing and future clinical research is imperative to determine if any pharmaconutrition strategies can halt the progression of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor O. Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia 38408-100, Brazil
| | - Grant M. Tinsley
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Guilherme A. R. da Silva
- Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil;
| | - Allain A. Bueno
- College of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Worcester, Worcester WR2 6AJ, UK;
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40
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Santos HO, Genario R, Macedo RCO, Pareek M, Tinsley GM. Association of breakfast skipping with cardiovascular outcomes and cardiometabolic risk factors: an updated review of clinical evidence. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:466-474. [PMID: 32935557 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1819768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
"Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dinner like a pauper" (Adelle Davis, 1904-1974) is a concept that appears to align with some contemporary evidence concerning the appropriate proportioning of daily meals. At the same time, with the popular and scientific dissemination of the concepts of intermittent fasting and time-restricted feeding, well-controlled clinical trials have emerged showing the safety or even possible benefits of skipping breakfast. In this comprehensive literature review, we discuss recent evidence regarding breakfast intake, cardiovascular outcomes and cardiovascular risk markers. Overall, breakfast omission appears to be associated with a higher risk for atherosclerotic and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. However, caution should be employed when deciphering these data as many complex, unmeasured confounders may have contributed. Unfortunately, long-term randomized, clinical trials with detailed dietary control that have assessed clinical outcomes are sparse. Notwithstanding the observational findings, current trials conducted so far-albeit apparently smaller number-have shown that breakfast addition in subjects who do not habitually consume this meal may increase body weight, particularly fat mass, through caloric excess, whereas skipping breakfast may be a feasible strategy for some people aiming for calorie restriction. To date, definitive benefits of breakfast omission or consumption are not supported by the best evidence-based research, and the question of whether skipping breakfast per se is causally associated with cardiovascular outcomes remains unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Manan Pareek
- Department of Cardiology, North Zealand Hospital, Hilleroed, Denmark.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Grant M Tinsley
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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41
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Macchiagodena M, Pagliai M, Andreini C, Rosato A, Procacci P. Upgraded AMBER Force Field for Zinc-Binding Residues and Ligands for Predicting Structural Properties and Binding Affinities in Zinc-Proteins. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:15301-15310. [PMID: 32637803 PMCID: PMC7331063 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We developed a novel force field in the context of AMBER parameterization for glutamate and aspartate zinc(II)-binding residues. The interaction between the zinc ion and the coordinating atoms is represented by a spherical nonbonded parameterization. The polarization effect due to the zinc ion has been taken into account by redefining the atomic charges on the residues through accurate quantum mechanical calculations. The new zinc-binding ASP and GLU residues, along with the CYS and HIS zinc-binding residues, parameterized in a recent work [Macchiagodena M.;J. Chem. Inf. Model.2019, 59, 3803-3816], allow users to reliably simulate 96% of the Zn-proteins available in the Protein Data Bank. The upgraded force field for zinc(II)-bound residues has been tested performing molecular dynamics simulations with an explicit solvent and comparing the structural information with experimental data for five different proteins binding zinc(II) with GLU, ASP, HIS, and CYS. We further validated our approach by evaluating the binding free energy of (R)-2-benzyl-3-nitropropanoic acid to carboxypeptidase A using a recently developed nonequilibrium alchemical method. We demonstrated that in this setting it is crucial to take into account polarization effects also on the metal-bound inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Macchiagodena
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, Università
degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marco Pagliai
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, Università
degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudia Andreini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, Università
degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), Università
degli Studi di Firenze, Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, Università
degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), Università
degli Studi di Firenze, Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Piero Procacci
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, Università
degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Mossink JP. Zinc as nutritional intervention and prevention measure for COVID-19 disease. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2020; 3:111-117. [PMID: 33235974 PMCID: PMC7664497 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, provoking COVID–19 disease, progresses rapidly worldwide. In current absence of a curative treatment and an effective, safe vaccine, there is a pressing need to focus on identifying and correcting deficits in immune function in order to reduce risk of severe progress of the disease and to lower the number of infections and fatalities. This paper evaluates the most recent literature on zinc status related to antiviral immunity and its possible role in COVID–19. It is concluded that zinc is a critical factor for antiviral immunity. There is ample evidence suggesting that zinc depletion, also prevalent in high–income nations, compromises immune functions. Notably, major risk groups for COVID–19, the elderly, men more than women, obese individuals and patients with diabetes are all at risk of zinc deficiency. Moreover, various widely used antihypertensive drugs and statin therapy have been reported to negatively influence zinc status. As zinc depletion impairs antiviral immunity, it is hypothesised to increase susceptibility for COVID–19. Therefore, dietary preventive measures and prompt implementation of zinc supplementation for risk groups should be considered. Large–scale studies are urgently needed to investigate the role of micronutrients and antiviral immunity, in particular drug–micronutrient immunity interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Mossink
- LymeCenter, Amersfoort, Utrecht, Netherlands
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43
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Chasapis CT, Ntoupa PSA, Spiliopoulou CA, Stefanidou ME. Recent aspects of the effects of zinc on human health. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1443-1460. [PMID: 32394086 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02702-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is one of the most important essential nutrients of great public health significance. It is involved in numerous biological functions and it is considered as a multipurpose trace element, due to its capacity to bind to more than 300 enzymes and more than 2000 transcriptional factors. Its role in biochemical pathways and cellular functions, such as the response to oxidative stress, homeostasis, immune responses, DNA replication, DNA damage repair, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and aging is significant. Zn is required for the synthesis of protein and collagen, thus contributing to wound healing and a healthy skin. Metallothioneins are metal-binding proteins and they are potent scavengers of heavy metals, including Zn, and protect the organism against stress. Zn deficiency is observed almost in 17% of the global population and affects many organ systems, leading to dysfunction of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, thus increasing the susceptibility to infection. This review gives a thorough insight into the most recent evidence on the association between Zn biochemistry and human pathologies, epigenetic processes, gut microbial composition, drug targets and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos T Chasapis
- NMR Center, Instrumental Analysis Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Panagoula-Stamatina A Ntoupa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Street, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Chara A Spiliopoulou
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Street, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria E Stefanidou
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Street, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece.
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Nishikawa H, Takata R, Enomoto H, Yoh K, Iwata Y, Sakai Y, Kishino K, Shimono Y, Ikeda N, Takashima T, Aizawa N, Hasegawa K, Ishii N, Yuri Y, Nishimura T, Iijima H, Nishiguchi S. Serum Zinc Level and non-Protein Respiratory Quotient in Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases. J Clin Med 2020; 9:255. [PMID: 31963540 PMCID: PMC7019764 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to clarify the correlation between non-protein respiratory quotient (npRQ) in indirect calorimetry and serum zinc (Zn) level in chronic liver diseases (CLDs, n = 586, 309 liver cirrhosis (LC) patients, median age = 63 years). Clinical parameters potentially linked to npRQ <0.85 (best cutoff point for the prognosis in LC patients) were also examined in receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses. The median npRQ was 0.86. The median serum Zn level was 64 μg/dL. The median npRQ in patients with non-LC, Child-Pugh A, Child-Pugh B and Child-Pugh C were 0.89, 0.85, 0.83 and 0.82 (overall p < 0.0001)). The median serum Zn level in patients with npRQ <0.85 (58 μg/dL) was significantly lower than that in patients with npRQ ≥ 0.85 (68 μg/dL) (p < 0.0001). The correlation coefficient (r) between npRQ level and serum Zn level for all cases was 0.40 (p < 0.0001). Similar tendencies were observed in all subgroup analyses. The highest correlation coefficient between serum Zn level and npRQ was found in patients with Child-Pugh C (n = 22, r = 0.69). In ROC analyses for npRQ <0.85, serum Zn level had the highest area under the ROC (AUC) among baseline laboratory parameters (AUC = 0.69). In conclusion, serum Zn level can be helpful for npRQ in patients with CLDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nishikawa
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan; (R.T.); (H.E.); (K.Y.); (Y.I.); (Y.S.); (K.K.); (Y.S.); (N.I.); (T.T.); (N.A.); (K.H.); (N.I.); (Y.Y.); (T.N.); (H.I.); (S.N.)
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