Editorial
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Immunol. Jul 27, 2015; 5(2): 51-61
Published online Jul 27, 2015. doi: 10.5411/wji.v5.i2.51
Table 1 Genes involved in lipid metabolism and transport regulated by innate immune pathways
RoleGene nameEncoded proteinFunction of the encoded proteinCellular sourceRegulators
Biosynthesisacc1Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1Catalyzes the rate limiting irreversible carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to produce malonyl-CoAHepatic tissue1LPS via sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c
acsl1Long-chain fatty-acid-coenzyme A ligaseConverts free long-chain fatty acids into fatty acyl-CoA estersMp, DC, EN, MoLPS, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL22, Mtb-derived lipopeptide
elovElongation of long chain fatty acidsPossibly implicated in tissue-specific synthesis of very long chain fatty acids and sphingolipids3Mp, DC, CD34+, TE,B, F, ENLPS, Zy, Schi, IL1, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL10, TGF-β
fadFatty acid desaturaseCatalyzes biosynthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids. FADS2 catalyzes production of the mono-unsaturated fatty acid sapienate, the most abundant fatty acid in sebumMp,DC, CD34+, TE, B, ENLPS, Zy, Schi, IL1, IFN-γ, IL10, TGF-β
fasnFatty acid synthaseCatalyzes the formation of long-chain fatty acids from acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA and NADPHMp, DC, CD34+, TE, F, ENLPS, Zy, Schi, IL1, IFN-γ, TGF-β
lcatLecithin cholesterol acyltransferase2Esterifies free cholesterol transported in plasma lipoproteins. Activated by apolipoprotein A-IMp, DC, CD8+ DC, B, FLPS, Schi, IFN-β, IFN-γ, Yersinia + IFN-γ, Vit D3 + IFN-γ, IL10
lipALipase A3Intracellular hydrolysis of internalized cholesteryl esters and triglycerides. Activation of endogenous cellular cholesteryl ester formationMo, Mp, DC, TE, EN, K, BrE, L, MgTLR agonists, IL1, Type I and II IFNs, γ, Diff/Polar
scd4Stearoyl-CoA desaturaseCatalyzes the desaturation of very long chain acyl-CoAsMo, Mp, L, CD8+ DC, TE, F, EN, K, BrE, MgLPS, Zy, TLR agonist, IL1, Type I and II IFNs, Yersinia + IFN-γ, Vit D3 + IFN-γ, Diff/Polar
soat15Sterol o-acyltransferase3Catalyzes the formation of fatty acid-cholesterol estersMo, Mp, DC, TE, EN, L, MgTLR agonists, Type I and II IFNs, IL1, Diff/Polar
TransportcetpCholesteryl ester transfer protein3Involved in the transfer of insoluble cholesteryl esters in the reverse transport of cholesterolMo, Mp, DC, TE, EN, K, L, MgTLR agonists, IL1,Type I and II IFNs, Diff/Polar
fabpFatty acid binding proteinsIntracellular lipid transportMp, DC, CD34+, TE, B, F, ENLPS, Zy, Schi, IL1, Type I and II IFNs, IL10, TGF-β
ffarFree fatty acid receptorReceptor for short chain fatty acids (FFAR2) and medium to long fatty acids (FFAR1). FFAR2 is expressed at relatively high levels in peripheral blood leukocytesMp, DC, CD34+,TE, ENLPS, Zy, Schi, IL1, IFN-γ, TGF-β
slc27ASolute carrier family 27Translocation of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane. Some involved in bile acid synthesisMp, DC, CD34+, TE, B, F, ENLPS, Zy, Schi, IL1, IFN-γ, IFN-β, IL10, TGF-β