Facility-based constraints to exchange transfusions for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in resource-limited settings

Table 1 Low and middle-income countries with ≤ $6000 gross national income per capita

SN	Country	Region	Life expectancy (yr)	GNI per capita ($)	Annual live births ('000)	Hospital delivery (%)	G6PD deficiency freq
1	Afghanistan	SOA	49.1	1000	1408	33	7.4
2	Angola	SSA	51.5	4812	803	46	15.3
3	Armenia	ECA	74.4	5540	47	99	-
4	Bangladesh	SOA	69.2	1785	3016	29	3.8
5	Belize	LAC	76.3	5327	8	89	2.2
6	Benin	SSA	56.5	1439	356	87	23.0
7	Bhutan	SOA	67.6	5246	15	63	5.9
8	Bolivia, Plurinational State of	LAC	66.9	4444	264	68	0.2
9	Burkina Faso	SSA	55.9	1202	730	66	9.4
10	Burundi	SSA	50.9	544	288	60	7.2
11	Cambodia	EAP	63.6	2095	317	54	14.3
12	Cameroon	SSA	52.1	2114	716	61	12.5
13	Cape Verde	SSA	74.3	3609	10	76	0.1
14	Central African Republic	SSA	49.1	722	156	53	9.2
15	Chad	SSA	49.9	1258	511	16	13.4
16	Comoros	SSA	61.5	986	28		14.0
17	Congo	SSA	57.8	2934	145	92	22.5
18	Congo, Democratic Republic of the	SSA	48.7	319	2912	75	19.2
19	Côte d’Ivoire	SSA	56.0	1593	679	57	15.0
20	Cuba	LAC	79.3	5539	110	100	-
21	Djibouti	MEN	58.3	2350	26	87	0.8
22	Egypt	MEN	73.5	5401	1886	72	-
23	El Salvador	LAC	72.4	5915	126	85	3.3
24	Eritrea	SSA	62.0	531	193	26	4.0
25	Ethiopia	SSA	59.7	1017	2613	10	1.0
26	Fiji	EAP	69.4	4087	18		-
27	Gambia	SSA	58.8	1731	67	56	11.5
28	Georgia	ECA	73.9	5005	51	98	1.1
29	Ghana	SSA	64.6	1684	776	67	19.6
30	Guatemala	LAC	71.4	4235	473	51	2.7
31	Guinea	SSA	54.5	941	394	39	11.7
32	Guinea-Bissau	SSA	48.6	1042	59	42	8.4
33	Guyana	LAC	70.2	3387	13	89	3.0
34	Haiti	LAC	62.4	1070	266	25	5.2
35	Honduras	LAC	73.4	3426	205	67	2.9
36	India	SOA	65.8	3285	27098	47	8.0
37	Indonesia	EAP	69.8	4154	4331	55	7.1
38	Iraq	MEN	69.6	3557	1144	65	10.6
39	Jordan	MEN	73.5	5272	154	99	10.0
40	Kenya	SSA	57.7	1541	1560	43	11.3
41	Kiribati	EAP	68.4	3079	22	66	-
42	Kyrgyzstan	ECA	68.0	2009	131	97	0.3
43	Lao People’s Democratic Republic	EAP	67.8	2435	140	17	15.6
44	Lesotho	SSA	48.7	1879	60	59	-
45	Liberia	SSA	57.3	480	157	37	9.5
46	Madagascar	SSA	66.9	828	747	35	19.4
47	Malawi	SSA	54.8	774	686	73	20.8
48	Mali	SSA	51.9	853	728	45	12.2
49	Marshall Islands	EAP	72.3	4040	27	85	-
50	Mauritania	SSA	58.9	2174	118	48	9.6
51	Micronesia, Federated States of	EAP	69.2	3352	3		-
52	Moldova, Republic of	ECA	69.6	3319	44	99	-
53	Mongolia	EAP	68.8	4245	65	99	-
54	Morocco	MEN	72.4	4384	620	73	-
55	Mozambique	SSA	50.7	906	889	58	12.1
56	Myanmar	EAP	65.7	1817	824	36	6.1
57	Namibia	SSA	62.6	5973	60	81	2.8
58	Nepal	SOA	69.1	1137	722	35	5.3
59	Nicaragua	LAC	74.3	2551	138	74	1.5
60	Niger	SSA	55.1	701	777	17	5.3
61	Nigeria	SSA	52.3	2102	6458	35	16.9
62	Pakistan	SOA	65.7	2566	4764	41	15.0
63	Palestine, State of	MEN	73.0	3359	33		-
64	Papua New Guinea	EAP	63.1	2386	208	52	7.4
65	Paraguay	LAC	72.7	4497	158	82	3.2
66	Philippines	EAP	69.0	3752	2358	44	2.5
67	Rwanda	SSA	55.7	1147	449	69	5.8
68	Samoa	EAP	72.7	3928	4	81	-
69	Sao Tome and Principe	SSA	64.9	1864	5	79	7.4
70	Senegal	SSA	59.6	1653	471	73	15.1
71	Sierra Leone	SSA	48.1	881	227	50	7.9
72	Solomon Islands	EAP	68.2	2172	17	85	22.3
73	Somalia	SSA	51.5	150	416	9	3.1
74	South Sudan	SSA					-
75	Sri Lanka	SOA	75.1	5170	373	98	2.9
76	Sudan	SSA	61.8	1848	1447	21	15.3
77	Swaziland	SSA	48.9	5104	35	80	8.7
78	Syrian Arab Republic	MEN	76.0	4674	466	78	-
79	Tajikistan	ECA	67.8	2119	194	88	0.8
80	Tanzania, United Republic of	SSA	58.9	1383	1913	50	16.4
81	Timor-Leste	EAP	62.9	5446	44	22	5.0
82	Togo	SSA	57.5	928	195	67	21.2
83	Tonga	EAP	72.5	4153	3	98	-
84	Tuvalu	EAP	67.5	5650		93	-
85	Uganda	SSA	54.5	1168	1545	57	14.5
86	Uzbekistan	ECA	68.6	3201	589	97	1.0
87	Vanuatu	EAP	71.3	3960	7	80	8.0
88	Vietnam	EAP	75.4	2970	1458	92	8.9
89	Yemen	MEN	65.9	1820	940	24	4.6
90	Zambia	SSA	49.4	1358	622	48	21.0
91	Zimbabwe	SSA	52.7	424	377	65	14.8

By world region, 42 (46%) of these countries are from Sub-Saharan Africa, 18 (20%) are from East Asia and the Pacific, 10 (11%) are from Latin America and the Caribbean, 8 (9%) are from the Middle East and North Africa, 7 (8%) are from South Asia, and 6 (6%) are from Europe and Central Asia. These 91 countries have an average life expectancy of 63.3 years, account for 64.2% of the roughly 135 million total annual global live births, and have a median institutionalized delivery of 65% (IQR: 43.8%-82.8%). These countries also have a median G6PD deficiency national frequency of 8.2% (IQR: 3.3%-14.6%). GNI: Gross national income; EAP: East Asia and the Pacific; ECA: Europe and Central Asia; LAC: Latin America and the Caribbean; MEN: Middle East and North Africa; SOA: South Asia; SSA: Sub-Saharan Africa.