Resuscitation of extremely preterm infants - controversies and current evidence

Table 1 Studies reporting the outcomes of antenatal steroid use in periviable births

Ref.	Year published	Country of origin	No. of babies	Birth weight(g)	Gestational age (GA)	MortalityOR (95%CI)	IVHOR (95%CI)
Costeloe et al[10]	2000	United Kingdom	811	400-1000	< 26 wk	0.6 (0.34-0.89)	0.39 (0.2-1.0)
Tyson et al[11]	2008	United States	4446	400-900	< 26 wk	0.6 (0.23-0.78)	-
Hayes et al[12]	2008	United States	450	400-550	< 23 wk	0.3 (0.2-0.65)	-
Mori et al[13]	2011	Japan	11607	400-1000	< 26 wk	0.7 (0.44-1.24)	0.65 (0.21-1.68)
Bader et al[14]	2010	Israel	3450	400-1000	< 26 wk	0.6 (0.4-0.68)	-
Carlo et al[15]	2011	United States	10541	400-1000	22-25 wk	0.58 (0.52-0.65)	0.55 (0.50-0.62)

OR: Odds ratio; IVH: Intra-ventricular haemorrhage.

Table 2 Overview of the results of the studies comparing continuous positive airway pressure and invasive ventilation

Ref.	Total number	Gestational age (GA) in wk	Death or BPDCPAP	Death or BPDnon CPAP	Death or BPD relative risk(95%CI)	Days needing mechanical ventilationCPAP	Days needing mechanical ventilationnon CPAP	Days needing mechanical ventilationP value
Morley et al[51]	610	25-28	108/307	118/303	0.9 (0.73-1.11)	0-11	11-14	< 0.001
SUPPORT[52]	1316	24-27	323/663	353/653	0.9 (0.81-1.00)	2-32	2-36	0.01
Sandri et al[54]	208	25-28	53/103	32/105	1.01 (0.7-1.57)	1-14	1-18	< 0.01
Dunn et al[53]	648	26-29	68/223	138/425	0.94 (0.74-1.19)	1-8	1-10	0.01

Infants randomised to prophylactic surfactant group and intubate, surfactant, or extubate group were combined in the intubation group. CPAP: Continuous positive airway pressure; BPD: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia.