Exploring small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in functional upper gastrointestinal disorder: A comprehensive case-control study

Table 1 Different presenting symptoms and association with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

Symptoms	Case group (n = 59)	Control group (n = 61)	SIBO (n = 48)	Non-SIBO (n = 72)	P value
Nausea	49	9	39	19	< 0.00001
Regurgitation	20	27	25	22	< 0.0224
Heartburn	3	29	5	27	< 0.0013
Halitosis	36	25	31	20	< 0.00001
Belching	29	23	22	30	0.7087
Foul-smelling eructation	41	10	42	9	< 0.00001
Epigastric pain	23	56	14	65	< 0.00001
Epigastric fullness	45	28	38	35	0.0011
Vomiting	11	13	8	16	0.4946

SIBO: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.

Table 2 Hydrogen breath test in case and control groups, n (%)

Group	Positive H2 BT	Negative H2 BT	OR (95%CI)
Case group (n = 59)	35 (59)	24 (41)	5.38 (2.41-12.02)
Control group (n = 61)	13 (21)	48 (79)

H₂: Hydrogen; BT: Breath test; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.