Tooth agenesis and craniofacial morphology in pre-orthodontic children with and without morphological deviations in the upper cervical spine

Table 1 Mean (X-bar) and SD of number of tooth agenesis and craniofacial morphology in children with and without upper spine morphological deviations

	With upper spine deviations(n = 19)		Without upper spine deviations(n = 107)		Group
Variable	X-bar	SD	X-bar	SD	P
Age	11.9	1.2	11.5	2	NS
No. ageneses	2.2	1.6	1.94	1.2	NS
n-s-ar	123.4	4	123.5	4.7	NS
n-s-ba	130	4.3	130.2	4.4	NS
ML/RLar	121	4.9	123.1	6.5	NS
s-n-ss	81.5	3.4	80.5	4	NS
s-n-pg	79.5	3.2	78.7	3.9	NS
ss-n-pg	2	1.7	1.8	2.6	NS
NSL/NL	8	2.7	7.1	3.6	NS
NSL/ML	30.4	4.5	31.6	5.6	NS
NL/ML	22.4	4.3	24.5	5.4	NS
Overjet	5	2.4	4.4	2.2	NS
Overbite	3.8	2	3.2	1.7	NS

NSL: Nasion-Sella line; NL: Nasal line; ML: Mandibular line; NS: Not significant, unpaired t test.

Table 2 Pattern of tooth agenesis in children with and without upper spine morphological deviations

	With upper spine deviations(n = 19)		Without upper spine deviations(n = 107)		Group
Variable	n	%	n	%	P
Gender
Male	12	63.2	52	48.6	NS
Female	7	36.8	55	51.4	NS
Multiple ageneses	1	5.3	5	4.7	NS
Agenesis localization
Mandible	16	84.2	81	75.7	NS
Maxilla	8	42.1	52	48.6	NS
Both jaws	5	26.3	26	24.3	NS
Agenesis tooth
Incisor	3	15.8	25	23.4	NS
Canine	0	0.00	2	1.9	NS
Premolar	17	89.5	85	79.4	NS
Molar	2	10.5	3	2.8	NS
Several tooth groups	3	15.8	7	6.5	NS

NS: Not significant, Fisher’s exact test.

Table 3 Significant associations tested for age and gender effect between tooth agenesis and craniofacial morphology in the total group

	n-s-ba	ML/RLar	s-n-pg	ss-n-pg	NSL/ML	Overjet	Overbite
Multiple ageneses		0.19a				-0.23a	-0.25b
Agenesis of incisor				-0.24bc
Agenesis of premolar	0.23b			0.22a
Agenesis of molar			0.25b	-0.23a	-0.21a

^aP < 0.05, linear regression;

^bP < 0.01, linear regression;

^cP < 0.05 gender effect. NSL: Nasion-Sella line; ML: Mandibular line.