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Khojah MZ, Youssef AR, Alsahafi EN. The effect of expired orthodontic bonding material on primary human gingival fibroblasts: In vitro study. J Orthod Sci 2025; 14:3. [PMID: 40302880 PMCID: PMC12036753 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_67_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 11/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2025] Open
Abstract
AIM Composite resins and bonding agents are indispensable in orthodontic practice, necessitating a thorough understanding of their cytotoxic effects, particularly when expired. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of expired composite and bonding materials on human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Both expired and nonexpired composite resins and bonding agents were tested on hGFs using direct exposure methods. Viability assays, morphological evaluations, and wound healing assays were conducted at 24 and 72 hours post exposure. RESULTS Exposure to both expired and nonexpired materials led to significant reductions in hGF viability and alterations in morphology. Wound healing assays demonstrated impaired migratory abilities of hGFs following exposure to these materials. CONCLUSION The study highlights the importance of prudent material selection, handling, and monitoring in orthodontic practice to mitigate adverse effects on gingival tissues. Proper management of expired materials is crucial for cost-effectiveness, waste reduction, and patient safety. Further research into the long-term impacts of expired materials on gingival and periodontal health is imperative to ensure clinical treatment safety and efficacy. This investigation provides valuable insights into the biocompatibility of orthodontic bonding materials and emphasizes the necessity for continued vigilance in their usage to uphold patient welfare and treatment quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysaa Z. Khojah
- Preventive Dentistry Department, Orthodontic Division, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel-Rahman Youssef
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elham N. Alsahafi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences, Division of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Cordeiro M, Souza JCM, Gomes ATPC, Correia P, Fidalgo-Pereira R. Toxicity of resin-matrix composites in a dental clinical setting. Odontology 2025:10.1007/s10266-025-01055-y. [PMID: 40088310 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-025-01055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2025] [Indexed: 03/17/2025]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review to comprehensively explore the factors contributing to the resin-matrix composites' toxicity in patients. A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. The bibliographic review was performed in the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Central and Web of Science. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to retrieve articles published in English over the last 20 years. The research yielded 1261 articles, with 1227 articles remaining after removing duplicates. Following a title and abstract screening, 20 articles underwent full-text review, and 12 in vivo studies were included. Detectable levels of free monomers and potential toxicity exposure were reported in the selected studies on saliva, urine, and blood samples. The selected in vivo studies suggest relatively low local and systemic toxicity although the available methods show technical limitations and therefore further studies are required. Dental operator-dependent factors were also identified. Standard chair-side guidelines on handling of resin-matrix composites placement plays a key role on the properties of the materials. The results reported noticeable changes in samples were not considered significant to affect patient's health, although, manufacturer's instructions must be followed whilst using resin-matrix composites. In fact, adequate light curing parameters maintain a high degree of conversion of the resin-matrix composites decreasing the release of residual monomers and thus the probability of related toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cordeiro
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Estrada da Circunvalação, 3504-505, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Júlio C M Souza
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Estrada da Circunvalação, 3504-505, Viseu, Portugal
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, CIIS, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505, Viseu, Portugal
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Guimarães, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana T P C Gomes
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Estrada da Circunvalação, 3504-505, Viseu, Portugal
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, CIIS, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Correia
- Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, UFP@RISE, Rede de Investigação em Saúde, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
- PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Fidalgo-Pereira
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Estrada da Circunvalação, 3504-505, Viseu, Portugal.
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, CIIS, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505, Viseu, Portugal.
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Gouveia Z, Finer Y, Santerre JP. Development of Functional and Hydrolytically Stable Vinyl Monomers as Methacrylate Dental Resin Restorative Alternatives. Adv Healthc Mater 2025; 14:e2403427. [PMID: 39823138 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202403427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2024] [Revised: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2025]
Abstract
Dental resin-based restorative (RBR) materials represent the most ubiquitous biomaterials utilized globally. Methacrylate (MA)-ester based monomers - present in RBRs since the 1960s - experience significantly elevated rates of failure compared to previously used silver/amalgam fillings attributed to their hydrolysis reported in both simulated and in vivo environments. There is currently no alternative RBR chemistry that matches the functional and clinical workflow considerations of MA-RBRs while addressing their limited-service lives. The objective of this work is to utilize a systematic framework to develop alternative hydrolytically-stable monomers (HSMs), assessing key physical properties, biostability, and cytocompatibility towards eliminating or reducing the biodegradation of RBRs. This process yielded HSMs (referreed to as 3BE, 3TE) that matched the physical properties of MA-control materials, including viscosity, polymerization conversion, hydrophilicity, water uptake, and surface hardness (p > 0.05), while outperforming MA-based materials in all simulated oral environments, showing improved biostability in reconstituted human saliva, simulated human salivary esterase (SHSE), bacterial culture, and acidic media (p < 0.05). Additionally, HSMs were found to be less cytotoxic than commercial MA-monomers (p < 0.05) and unlikely to be genotoxic. Therefore, the HSMs and associated resins developed in this study have the potential to significantly improve the clinical service life of RBRs, without compromising their fundamental features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach Gouveia
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Yoav Finer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - J Paul Santerre
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program and Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, 661 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
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4
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Saha U, Jena S, Simnani FZ, Singh D, Choudhury A, Naser SS, Lenka SS, Kirti A, Nandi A, Sinha A, Patro S, Kujawska M, Suar M, Kaushik NK, Ghosh A, Verma SK. The unseen perils of oral-care products generated micro/nanoplastics on human health. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2025; 290:117526. [PMID: 39674028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2024] [Revised: 11/23/2024] [Accepted: 12/08/2024] [Indexed: 12/16/2024]
Abstract
The extensive use of plastics in modern dentistry, including oral care products and dental materials, has raised significant concerns due to the increasing evidence of potential harm to human health and the environment caused by the unintentional release of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs). Particles from sources like toothpaste, toothbrushes, orthodontic implants, and denture materials are generated through mechanical friction, pH changes, and thermal fluctuations. These processes cause surface stress, weaken material integrity, and induce wear, posing health risks such as exposure to harmful monomers and additives, while contributing to environmental contamination. MPs/NPs released during dental procedures can be ingested, leading to immune suppression, tissue fibrosis, and systemic toxicities. The gut epithelium absorbs some particles, while others are excreted, entering ecosystems, accumulating through the food chain, and causing ecological damage. Although analytical techniques have advanced in detecting MPs/NPs in oral care products, more robust methods are needed to understand their release mechanisms. This review explores the prevalence of MPs/NPs in dentistry, the mechanisms by which MPs/NPs are released into the oral environment, and their implications for human and ecological health. It underscores the urgency of public awareness and sustainable dental practices to mitigate these risks and promote environmental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsa Saha
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Snehasmita Jena
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | | | - Dibyangshee Singh
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Anmol Choudhury
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Shaikh Sheeran Naser
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Sudakshya S Lenka
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Apoorv Kirti
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Aditya Nandi
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Adrija Sinha
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Swadheena Patro
- Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Małgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India.
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea.
| | - Aishee Ghosh
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala SE-751 20, Sweden.
| | - Suresh K Verma
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India; Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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Hampe T, Liersch J, Wiechens B, Bürgers R, Krohn S. Bisphenol A release from CAD/CAM splint materials. Eur J Oral Sci 2024; 132:e12993. [PMID: 38778467 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the bisphenol A (BPA) release from four CAD/CAM splint materials: three polycarbonate-based (DD BioSplint C, Splint Plus Biostar, Temp Premium Flexible) and one polymethylmethacrylate-based (Temp Basic) material. From each material, ten cylindrical samples (n = 40) were immersed in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade water following ISO 10993-12 and incubated for 24 h in an incubation shaker at 37°C and 112 rpm. Following BPA derivatization, analysis was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). After 24 h of incubation, all investigated materials released significant amounts of BPA compared to water blanks. The material-dependent elution increased in the following order: DD BioSplint C < Splint Plus Biostar < Temp Basic < Temp Premium Flexible. Subtracting extraneous BPA, the concentrations ranged between 2.27 ng/mL and 12.65 ng/mL. After extrapolating the concentrations in relation to the average surface area of occlusal splints, the amount of BPA per mL exceeded the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) set by the European Union for a person weighing 70 kg by 1.32-6.16 times. Contrary to the release from previously investigated materials, BPA elution from CAD/CAM splint materials was highly elevated. Considering the increasing adaptation of CAD/CAM techniques, elution from them may represent a relevant BPA source in daily dental practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Hampe
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Liersch
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wiechens
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Bürgers
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Krohn
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Arnold C, Riß L, Hey J, Schweyen R. Dimensional Accuracy of Different Three-Dimensional Printing Models as a Function of Varying the Printing Parameters. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3616. [PMID: 39063907 PMCID: PMC11279353 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Even in digital workflows, models are required for fitting during the fabrication of dental prostheses. This study examined the influence of different parameters on the dimensional accuracy of three-dimensionally printed models. A stereolithographic data record was generated from a master model (SOLL). With digital light processing (DLP) and stereolithography (SLA) printing systems, 126 models were produced in several printing runs-SolFlex350 (S) (DLP, n = 24), CaraPrint 4.0 (C) (DLP, n = 48) and Form2 (F) (SLA, n = 54)-and their accuracy was compared with plaster and milled polyurethane models. In addition to the positioning on the build platform, a distinction was made between parallel and across arrangement of the models to the printer's front, solid and hollow models, and printing with and without support structures. For accuracy assessment, five measurement sections were defined on the model (A-E) and measured using a calibrated digital calliper and digital scans in combination with the GOM Inspect Professional software 2021. The mean deviation between the measurement methods for all distances was 79 µm. The mean deviation of the models from the digital SOLL model were 207.1 µm for the S series, 25.1 µm for the C series and 141.8 µm for the F series. While positioning did not have an influence, there were clinically relevant differences mainly regarding the choice of printer, but also individually in alignment, model structure and support structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ramona Schweyen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 16, 06112 Halle, Germany; (C.A.)
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Liao J, Qiu J, Lin Y, Li Z. The application of hydrogels for enamel remineralization. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33574. [PMID: 39040369 PMCID: PMC11261051 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Enamel is composed of numerous uniformly wide, well-oriented hydroxyapatite crystals. It possesses an acellular structure that cannot be repaired after undergoing damage. Therefore, remineralization after enamel defects has become a focal point of research. Hydrogels, which are materials with three-dimensional structures derived from cross-linking polymers, have garnered significant attention in recent studies. Their exceptional properties make them valuable in the application of enamel remineralization. In this review, we summarize the structure and formation of enamel, present the design considerations of hydrogels for enamel remineralization, explore diverse hydrogels types in this context, and finally, shed light on the potential future applications in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Liao
- School of Stomatology, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330000, Nanchang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, China
| | - Junhong Qiu
- School of Stomatology, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330000, Nanchang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, China
| | - Yanfang Lin
- School of Stomatology, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330000, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- School of Stomatology, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330000, Nanchang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, China
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Monou PK, Andriotis E, Tzetzis D, Tzimtzimis E, Panteris E, Andreadis D, Demiri E, Vizirianakis IS, Fatouros DG. Evaluation of 3D-Printed Solid Microneedles Coated with Electrosprayed Polymeric Nanoparticles for Simultaneous Delivery of Rivastigmine and N-Acetyl Cysteine. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2710-2724. [PMID: 38591866 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, coated microneedle arrays were fabricated by means of digital light processing (DLP) printing. Three different shapes were designed, printed, and coated with PLGA particles containing two different actives. Rivastigmine (RIV) and N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) were coformulated via electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA), and they were incorporated into the PLGA particles. The two actives are administered as a combined therapy for Alzheimer's disease. The printed arrays were evaluated regarding their ability to penetrate skin and their mechanical properties. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to further characterize the microneedle structure. Confocal laser microscopy studies were conducted to construct 3D imaging of the coating and to simulate the diffusion of the particles through artificial skin samples. Permeation studies were performed to investigate the transport of the drugs across human skin ex vivo. Subsequently, a series of tape strippings were performed in an attempt to examine the deposition of the APIs on and within the skin. Light microscopy and histological studies revealed no drastic effects on the membrane integrity of the stratum corneum. Finally, the cytocompatibility of the microneedles and their precursors was evaluated by measuring cell viability (MTT assay and live/dead staining) and membrane damages followed by LDH release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Kyriaki Monou
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Andriotis
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tzetzis
- Digital Manufacturing and Materials Characterization Laboratory, School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Tzimtzimis
- Digital Manufacturing and Materials Characterization Laboratory, School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Panteris
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Andreadis
- Department of Oral Medicine/Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efterpi Demiri
- Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis S Vizirianakis
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Fatouros
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Rady D, Albar N, Khayat W, Khalil M, Raafat S, Ramadan M, Saber S, Shamel M. Evaluation of dental pulp stem cells response to flowable nano-hybrid dental composites: A comparative analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303154. [PMID: 38739591 PMCID: PMC11090312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flowable resin composites (FRC) are tooth-colored restorative materials that contain a lower filler particle content, and lower viscosity than their bulk counterparts, making them useful for specific clinical applications. Yet, their chemical makeup may impact the cellular population of the tooth pulp. This in-vitro study assessed the cytocompatibility and odontogenic differentiation capacity of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in response to two recent FRC material extracts. METHODS Extracts of the FRC Aura easyflow (AEF) and Polofil NHT Flow (PNF) were applied to DPSCs isolated from extracted human teeth. Cell viability of DPSCs was assessed using MTT assay on days 1, 3 and 7. Cell migration was assessed using the wound healing assay. DPSCs' capacity for osteo/odontogenic differentiation was assessed by measuring the degree of mineralization by Alizarin Red S staining, alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP) activity, and monitoring the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), RUNX Family Transcription Factor 2 (RUNX2), and the odontogenic marker dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) by RT-PCR. Monomer release from the FRC was also assessed by High-performance liquid chromatography analysis (HPLC). RESULTS DPSCs exposed to PNF extracts showed significantly higher cell viability, faster wound closure, and superior odontogenic differentiation. This was apparent through Alizarin Red staining of calcified nodules, elevated alkaline phosphatase activity, and increased expression of osteo/odontogenic markers. Moreover, HPLC analysis revealed a higher release of TEDGMA, UDMA, and BISGMA from AEF. CONCLUSIONS PNF showed better cytocompatibility and enhancement of odontogenic differentiation than AEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Rady
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral Biology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Dentistry, Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nassreen Albar
- Restorative Department/ Operative, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waad Khayat
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mennatullah Khalil
- Hamdan Bin Mohamed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Biomaterials Department, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Shereen Raafat
- Faculty of Dentistry, Pharmacology Department, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City, Egypt
- Dental Science Research Group, Health Research Centre of Excellence, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ramadan
- Specialized Dental Hospital, Armed Forces Medical Complex, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shehabeldin Saber
- Dental Science Research Group, Health Research Centre of Excellence, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City, Egypt
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City, Egypt
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shamel
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral Biology Department, The British University in Egypt, El Sherouk City, Egypt
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10
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Ohlsson E, Bolay C, Arabulan S, Galler KM, Buchalla W, Schmalz G, Widbiller M. In-vitro-cytotoxicity of self-adhesive dental restorative materials. Dent Mater 2024; 40:739-746. [PMID: 38403539 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although the introduction of self-adhesive composites in restorative dentistry is very promising, the innovation of new materials also presents challenges and unknowns. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of four different self-adhesive composites (SAC) in vitro and to compare them with resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RM-GIC), a more established group of materials. METHODS Samples of the following materials were prepared according to ISO 7405/10993-12 and eluted in cell culture medium for 24 h at 37 °C: Vertise Flow, Fusio Liquid Dentin, Constic, Surefil One, Photac Fil and Fuji II LC. Primary human pulp cells were obtained from extracted wisdom teeth and cultured for 24 h with the extracts in serial dilutions. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay, membrane disruption was quantified by LDH assay and apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry after annexin/PI staining. RESULTS Two SAC (Constic and Vertise Flow) and one RM-GIC (Photac Fil) significantly reduced cell viability by more than 30% compared to the untreated control (p < 0.001). Disruptive cell morphological changes were observed and the cells showed signs of late apoptosis and necrosis in flow cytometry. Membrane disruption was not observed with any of the investigated materials. CONCLUSION Toxic effects occurred independently of the substance group and need to be considered in the development of materials with regard to clinical implications. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE SAC have many beneficial qualities, however, the cytotoxic effects of certain products should be considered when applied in close proximity to the dental pulp, as is often required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Ohlsson
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstraße 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carola Bolay
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sevgi Arabulan
- Department of Pedodontics, Ege University, Ege University Campus, 35040 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kerstin M Galler
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstraße 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gottfried Schmalz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Widbiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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11
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Radwanski M, Rozpedek-Kaminska W, Galita G, Siwecka N, Sokolowski J, Majsterek I, Özcan M, Lukomska-Szymanska M. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of bioceramic root canal sealers compared to conventional resin-based sealer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4124. [PMID: 38374199 PMCID: PMC10876547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of calcium-silicate based sealers and comparing them with a gold standard-an epoxy-based sealant. Two experimental cell lines were used, gingival fibroblasts (hGF) and monocyte/macrophage peripheral blood cell line (SC). The cytotoxicity (XTT assay) and genotoxicity (comet assay) were evaluated both after 24-h and 48-h incubation. Additionally, after 48-h incubation, the cell apoptosis and cell cycle progression was detected. BioRoot Flow induced a significant decrease in hGF cells viability compared to the negative control groups both after 24-h (p < 0.001) and 48-h incubation (p < 0.01). In group with SC cells, after 24-h incubation significant increase in cells viability was detected for AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer in comparison to negative control (p < 0.05). BioRoot Flow and BioRoot RCS can be considered potentially genotoxic for the hGF cells after 48-h incubation (> 20% DNA damage). BioRoot Flow and BioRoot RCS, may have potential genotoxic effects and induce apoptosis in hGF cells which may irritate periapical tissues, resulting in a delayed healing. The findings of the study would be useful in selection of an appropriate sealant for root canal filling without causing cytotoxicity and genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Grzegorz Galita
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Natalia Siwecka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sokolowski
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Clinic of Masticatory Disorders and Dental Biomaterials, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monika Lukomska-Szymanska
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213, Lodz, Poland.
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12
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Akarsu S, Atasoy S, Arıkan M, Koca B, Yiğin SN. Effects of three disinfection solutions on residual monomers released from resin nanoceramic CAD/CAM blocks. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24369. [PMID: 38317897 PMCID: PMC10838691 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of three disinfection solutions on the amount of monomers released from resin nanoceramic CAD/CAM blocks using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Forty resin nanoceramic CAD/CAM (Cerasmart, GC, Japan) samples (12x14 × 2 mm) were divided into four groups; each group was disinfected using one of four solutions (Group 1: no disinfectant; Group 2: 70 % ethanol; Group 3: 2 % glutaraldehyde; and Group 4: 1 % sodium hypochlorite) for 5 min. Analysis of residual monomers (UDMA and Bis-EMA) amounts was performed using an HPLC instrument (Dionex Ultimate 3000, Thermo Fisher Scientific). After 30 days, the amounts of monomers found were as follows: 14.54 ppm for Group 1; 9.28 ppm for Group 2; 10.60 ppm for Group 3; and 2.76 ppm for Group 4 (the smallest monomer amount) (p < 0.001). Disinfection of indirect restorations prior to cementation can reduce the amount of residual monomers remaining from resin nanoceramic CAD/CAM blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Akarsu
- Ordu University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Turkey
| | - Samet Atasoy
- Ordu University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Turkey
| | - Merve Arıkan
- Ordu University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Turkey
| | - Bengisu Koca
- Ordu University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Turkey
| | - Sena Nur Yiğin
- Ordu University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Turkey
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13
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Odabasi D, Guler C, Kucukaslan D. Evaluation of the amount of residual monomer released from different flowable composite resins. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:244. [PMID: 38360710 PMCID: PMC10870472 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Today, resin materials are used in the restoration of permanent and deciduous teeth or as fissure sealants. The materials can contain different types of monomers (Bis-GMA, UDMA, TEGDMA). These monomers can be released into the oral cavity after polymerization. Residual monomers released from resin-containing restorative materials after polymerization have been reported to have negative effects on mechanical properties. The aim of our study is to evaluate the amount of residual monomers released after polymerization of different flowable composite resin materials using two different modes of LED light source. Composite disc samples (8 mm diameter/2 mm depth) prepared for each material group were polymerized using two different modes of the LED light device (Standard mode and extra power mode). HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) device was used to measure the amount of residual monomer release at 1 h, 1 day, 3 days and 7 days periods. Pairwise comparison of the differences between the materials was performed by Post-hoc test. For each residual monomer, the Kruskal Wallis test was used to analyze the difference between the materials in standard mode and the difference between the materials in extra power mode. According to the results of the study; Grandio flow flowable composite showed the highest release of TEGDMA and Bis-GMA while SDR® Flow flowable composite showed the lowest release of TEGDMA, Bis-GMA and UDMA. For all materials, the extra power mode resulted in more residual monomer release. TEGDMA and Bis-GMA release was detected in all tested flowable composites at all time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Odabasi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, 52200, Turkey.
| | - Cigdem Guler
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, 52200, Turkey
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14
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Süsgün Yıldırım Z, Batmaz SG. Monomer release, cell adhesion, and cell viability of indirect restorative materials manufactured with additive, subtractive, and conventional methods. J Oral Sci 2024; 66:9-14. [PMID: 37866923 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.23-0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to measure residual monomer, cell adhesion, and cell viability of 3-dimensional printable permanent resin (PR), hybrid ceramic block (HCB), and indirect composite (IC) produced with additive, subtractive, and conventional techniques. METHODS Five 8 × 8 × 2 mm3 samples of each material were prepared for each experiment. In a 24-h period, monomer release was analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography, and cell viability and adhesion were evaluated with the water-soluble tetrazolium salt test. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 statistical software, and results were regarded as significant at α = 0.05. RESULTS Monomer release (triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, urethane dimethacrylate, and Bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate) was significantly higher in the IC group. Mean cell viability was significantly lower in the HCB group than in the IC group. CONCLUSION All monomers in the tested materials were released at rates that were below clinical significance. Cell adhesion rates in the groups were similar. Cytotoxic response was classified as minor in the HCB and PR groups and non-cytotoxic in the IC group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sevde Gül Batmaz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University
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15
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Felemban MF, Khattak O, Alsharari T, Alzahrani AH, Ganji KK, Iqbal A. Relationship between Deep Marginal Elevation and Periodontal Parameters: A Systematic Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1948. [PMID: 38003997 PMCID: PMC10673413 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59111948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This review focuses on reviewing studies from the literature regarding the effects of deep margin elevation on the surrounding periodontium. Materials and Methods: A review of the literature was carried out using the following online databases: Embase, The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE-PubMed and Google Scholar. Our search was limited to articles from 2010 to 2023. The search terms consisted of keywords and MeSH terms, which were 'deep margin elevation', 'coronal margin relocation', 'periodontium' and 'periodontal tissues'. The literature was searched thoroughly by two reviewers. Initially, the titles of the articles were extracted. After removing irrelevant and duplicate articles, abstracts were assessed for relevant articles. Finally, the reviewers analyzed full-text articles. Results: A total of twelve articles, including one randomized clinical trial, three systematic reviews, two prospective cohort, three case series, one a clinical study, one pilot study and one a retrospective study, were selected and analyzed. Conclusions: The review suggests potential benefits of Deep Margin Elevation (DME) over surgical crown lengthening due to reduced invasiveness, yet conclusive effects on periodontal tissue remain unclear, warranting further studies on clinical parameters and inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Fareed Felemban
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Osama Khattak
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Thani Alsharari
- Department of Restorative and Dental Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Kiran Kumar Ganji
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Periodontology & Oral Implantology, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha 442107, India
| | - Azhar Iqbal
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia;
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Mulla SA, Kondkari SA, Patil A, Jain A, Mali S, Jaiswal HC, Jakhar A, Ansari ZM, Agarwal S, Yadav P. A Look Into the Cytotoxicity of Composite Fillings: Friend or Foe? Cureus 2023; 15:e46327. [PMID: 37916229 PMCID: PMC10617805 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental resin composites are widely used restorative materials in dentistry for the treatment of carious and non-carious lesions as well as pit and fissure sealants, cavity liners, and endodontic sealers. They consist of two parts: an organic resin matrix and an inorganic/organic filler. The organic resin matrix phase is made up of multifunctional monomers and light-sensitive initiators, while the inorganic/organic filler phase is made up of micro/nano-sized fillers that primarily serve as reinforcement. Despite being a very promising dental material, its monomeric component has some drawbacks. It is well known for leaching out during incomplete polymerization, which can result in cytotoxicity. Bis-GMA (bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate) is the most cytotoxic of all monomeric components that exhibit synthetic estrogenic effects. The purpose of this article is to assess the cytotoxic effects of dental composite, understand the possible mechanism behind them, and explore ways to screen for and reduce this harmful effect, as well as shed light on its future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayem A Mulla
- Dentistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Saba A Kondkari
- Dentistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Amit Patil
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Ashish Jain
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Sheetal Mali
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Himmat C Jaiswal
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Ashima Jakhar
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Zoha M Ansari
- Dentistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Sumeet Agarwal
- Prosthodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND
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17
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Trutina Gavran M, Željezić D, Vranić L, Negovetić Vranić D, Grabarević L, Jurić-Kaćunarić D, Tadin A, Šegović S, Galić N. Assessment of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effect of Modern Dental Materials in vivo. Acta Stomatol Croat 2023; 57:216-228. [PMID: 37808410 PMCID: PMC10557110 DOI: 10.15644/asc57/3/2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the study was to assess the biocompatibility of modern composite and amalgam dental fillings. Material and Methods The research was conducted on 150 healthy patients between the ages of 10 and 20 who had amalgam and composite fillings between 6 and 12 months. Under in vivo conditions, a swab of buccal cells near the fillings was taken, and the cytotoxic and genotoxic impact of composite and amalgam fillings on these cells was analyzed using the extended micronucleus test (cytomeassay). Results The results showed statistically significant differences between the groups of subjects with amalgam and composite fillings and subjects without fillings for the following parameters: number of micronuclei (p=0.006), number of buds (p<0.001), number of binuclear cells (p<0.001), number of nucleoplasmic bridges (p<0.001).The number of micronuclei was statistically significantly higher in the group of subjects with amalgam and composite fillings compared to the group without fillings. The results for nuclear buds, for the number of binuclear cells and the number of nucleoplasmic bridges showed that the group with amalgam fillings had a statistically significantly higher number of these changes compared to other groups.The results of the analysis of the relationship between the parameters of the micronucleus test and the number of amalgam and composite surfaces did not show statistically significant values. Parameters indicating cell cytotoxicity were not statistically significantly elevated in subjects with fillings. The results of the analysis of the influence of the patients' lifestyle on the results of the micronucleus test showed statistically significant results for certain predictors (diagnostic X-ray radiation, coffee consumption, consumption of cooked, dried meat and baked food). Conclusion Based on the results, it can be concluded that the buccal cells of subjects with amalgam fillings showed the highest degree of genotoxic changes, followed by those with composite fillings and the least buccal cells of patients without fillings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Trutina Gavran
- Department of Morphology and Anthropology, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Davor Željezić
- Division for Mutagenesis, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lara Vranić
- School of Dental Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | - Antonija Tadin
- Department of Restorative Dental Medicine and Endodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Sanja Šegović
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, School of Dental Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Galić
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, School of Dental Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Alamoush RA, Salim NA, Elraggal A, Satterthwaite JD, Silikas N. The effect of water storage on nanoindentation creep of various CAD-CAM composite blocks. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:543. [PMID: 37550631 PMCID: PMC10408048 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the effect of water storage (3 months) on the creep deformation of various CAD-CAM composite structures at the nanoscale and compare it to that at the macroscale. METHODS Seven CAD-CAM blocks were investigated: five resin-composite blocks (RCB), one polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) block, and one ceramic-filled polyetheretherketone (PEEK) block. Specimens of each material (n = 6) were separated into two groups (n = 3) according to their storage conditions (24 h dry storage at 23˚C and 3 months storage in 37˚C distilled water). Nano-indentation creep measurements were undertaken (creep depth measured in µm) using a nanoindenter (Nanovea) equipped with Berkovich three-sided pyramidal diamond tip. The machine was set for the chosen parameters: a load of 20 gf, a pause of 20 s, and the material type. Thirty indentations on 3 samples were made for each material for each test. Data were analysed using two-way ANOVA followed by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests and independent t-test (< 0.05) for comparisons between the materials. RESULTS The nanoindentation creep depth after 24 h storage ranged from 0.09 to 0.33 μm and increased after 3 months storage in distilled water to between 0.28 and 3.46 μm. There was a statistically significant difference in nanoindentation creep behaviour between the two storage conditions for each investigated material (independent t-test) and between all materials (Bonferroni post hoc). There was a non-significant negative correlation between nanoindentation creep (µm) and filler weight% at 24 h dry storage but a significant correlation at 3 months of water storage. A further non-significant positive correlation between nanoindentation creep (µm) and bulk compressive creep (%) was found. CONCLUSION The PICN material showed superior dimensional stability in terms of nanoindentation creep depth in both storage conditions. Other composite blocks showed comparable performance at 24 h dry condition, but an increased nanoindentation creep upon water storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A Alamoush
- Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, the University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Nesreen A Salim
- Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, the University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Alaaeldin Elraggal
- Operative Dentistry, Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Julian D Satterthwaite
- Division Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nikolaos Silikas
- Division Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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19
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Alambiaga-Caravaca AM, López-Castellano A, Chou YF, Luzi A, Núñez JM, Banerjee A, Jovani Sancho MDM, Sauro S. Release Kinetics of Monomers from Dental Composites Containing Fluoride-Doped Calcium Phosphates. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1948. [PMID: 37514133 PMCID: PMC10386182 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study analyse the type of release kinetic of specific monomers from dental resin composites containing various fluoride-doped calcium phosphates. The release behavior of urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), ethoxylated bisphenol-A dimethacrylate (bis-EMA) and 1.6-hexanediol ethoxylate diacrylate (HEDA) was evaluated over a period of 35 days. Two tailored calcium phosphates doped with different concentrations of fluoride salts (VS10% and VS20%) were prepared and incorporated in the dimethacrylate matrix at various concentrations to generate a range of experimental composites. The release kinetics were characterized using mathematical models such as zero-order, first-order, Peppas and Higuchi models. The results showed that the first-order model best described the release kinetics. UDMA and HEDA exhibited significant differences in release compared to bis-EMA from day 1, while no significant differences were observed between UDMA and HEDA, except on day 35, when UDMA exhibited a higher release rate than HEDA. When comparing the release of each monomer, VS20-R20% had the highest total release percentage, with 3.10 ± 0.25%, whereas the composite VS10-R5% showed the lowest release percentage, with a total of 1.66 ± 0.08%. The release kinetics were influenced by the composition of the resin composites and the presence of calcium fluoride and sodium fluoride in the calcium phosphate played a role in the maximum amounts of monomer released. In conclusion, the release of monomers from the tested resin composites followed a first-order kinetic behaviour, with an initial rapid release that decreased over time. The composition of the resin monomers and the presence of fluoride salts influenced the release kinetics. The VS10-R5% and VS10-R10% resin composites exhibited the lowest total monomer release, suggesting its potential favourable composition with reduced monomer elution. These findings contribute to understanding the release behavior of dental resin composites and provide insights for the development of resin-based bioactive dental materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián M Alambiaga-Caravaca
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, C/Santiago Ramón y Cajal, s/n., Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia López-Castellano
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, C/Santiago Ramón y Cajal, s/n., Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Yu Fu Chou
- Dental Biomaterials and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, C/Santiago Ramón y Cajal, s/n., Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Arlinda Luzi
- Dental Biomaterials and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, C/Santiago Ramón y Cajal, s/n., Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Núñez
- Dental Biomaterials and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, C/Santiago Ramón y Cajal, s/n., Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Avijit Banerjee
- Research Centre for Oral & Clinical Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - María Del Mar Jovani Sancho
- Dental Biomaterials and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, C/Santiago Ramón y Cajal, s/n., Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvatore Sauro
- Dental Biomaterials and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Cardenal Herrera-CEU University, CEU Universities, C/Santiago Ramón y Cajal, s/n., Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
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Tkáčiková S, Sabo J. Release of Monomers from Dental Composite Materials into Saliva and the Possibility of Reducing the Toxic Risk for the Patient. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1204. [PMID: 37512016 PMCID: PMC10386426 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The objective of this study was (1) to measure the amount of monomers released into the saliva depending on the time elapsed after the hardening of the composite and on the type of monomer used; and (2) with the prolongation of the light-curing procedure, to publish information on whether it would be possible to influence the level of leached monomers. Materials and Methods: HPLC technique was used to monitor the levels of the unpolymerized monomers Bis-GMA, Bis/EMA, TEGDMA, and UDMA from the four commonly used composite materials, released into the saliva of a volunteer with intact dentition. The levels were monitored in 3 time periods during 24 h after composite hardening. From every composite material, 4 samples were formed and cured with an LED lamp for 10 s, 20 s, 40 s, and 60 s. After the light curing, the same polishing procedure was used and the samples were leached in blank saliva samples. Results: We observed that every monitored composite material eluted monomers into the saliva after its application. The amount of monomers depended on the time elapsed after the curing of the composite and on the type of composite used. A 40 s LED curing procedure can reduce the amount of leached monomers in comparison with the standard 20 s procedure, especially for monomers of higher molecular weight. Conclusions: Our study confirmed the hypothesis that the release of monomers gradually decreases with increasing time after the hardening of the composite filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soňa Tkáčiková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ján Sabo
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
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21
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Lertwongpaisan T, Amornsettachai P, Panyayong W, Suphangul S. Soft tissue dimensional change using customized titanium healing abutment in immediate implant placement in posterior teeth. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:384. [PMID: 37308877 PMCID: PMC10262413 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The morphologic and dimensional alveolar bone is significant for resorption in the first 3 months after tooth removal because they restrict treatment outcomes with respect to function and esthetic. Following teeth extraction, the width and height of the alveolar ridge contour are reduced in both the horizontal and vertical dimensions. Following implant placement, the gingival morphology should be changed minimally compared to pre-extraction. Surrounding natural-like tissue is also an ultimate goal of the dental implant treatment, which is correlated with the cervical third contour on the anatomical tooth, for comfortable cleansing, food impaction avoidance, and esthetics. PURPOSE To evaluate the peri-implant soft tissue changes after immediate implant placement (IIP) with the use of a customized titanium healing abutment in the posterior teeth. METHOD Digital impressions using the intraoral scanner (MEDIT i500) were taken from 30 patients. Customized titanium healing abutments were designed and milled before extraction. Flapless extractions were done using surgical guides, 32 immediate implants placement were done in posterior areas, and healing abutments were placed. Soft tissues were scanned during pre-operation, and post-surgery during the 1st, 3rd, and 6th months. A 3D analysis program (Final Surface) evaluated the gingival margin distance, height, contour width, and volume in each period. SPSS was used to analyze the data with a p-value = 0.05. The between-time interval comparisons were done and the analysis was done using a Multivariate test. RESULTS Customized titanium healing abutments used in immediate implantation maintained optimal peri-implant mucosa. In intermittent periods, there was no significant reduction in all aspects of the margin distances and heights. During the entire period, the margin height reduction on the buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal was 0.63 mm, 0.93 mm, 0.08 mm, and 0.24 mm, respectively, and contour width reduction on the buccal, lingual, and buccolingual was 0.59 mm, 0.43 mm, and 1.03 mm, respectively. There was a significant reduction in the total buccolingual contour width in the 1st month and total volume in the 3rd to 6th months. CONCLUSIONS Immediate implant placement with customized titanium healing abutment can achieve the optimal peri-implant mucosa and this protocol is an alternative for soft tissue management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanporn Lertwongpaisan
- Residency Training Program, Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Parinya Amornsettachai
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Woraphong Panyayong
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suphachai Suphangul
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Kondo T, Kakinuma H, Fujimura K, Ambo S, Otake K, Sato Y, Egusa H. Incomplete Polymerization of Dual-Cured Resin Cement Due to Attenuated Light through Zirconia Induces Inflammatory Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9861. [PMID: 37373008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zirconia restorations are becoming increasingly common. However, zirconia reduces the polymerization of dual-cured resin cement owing to light attenuation, resulting in residual resin monomers. This study investigated the effects of dual-cured resin cement, with incomplete polymerization owing to attenuated light through zirconia, on the inflammatory response in vitro. The dual-cured resin cement (SA Luting Multi, Kuraray) was light-irradiated through zirconia with three thickness diameters (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm). The light transmittance and the degree of conversion (DC) of the resin cement significantly decreased with increasing zirconia thickness. The dual-cured resin cement in 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm zirconia and no-irradiation groups showed significantly higher amounts of hydroxyethylmethacrylate and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate elution and upregulated gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 from human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) and TNFα from human monocytic cells, compared with that of the 0 mm group. Dual-cured resin cement with lower DC enhanced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and activated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in hGFs and monocytic cells. This study suggests that dual-cured resin cement with incomplete polymerization induces inflammatory responses in hGFs and monocytic cells by intracellular ROS generation and MAP kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Kondo
- Division of Molecular & Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Next-Generation Dental Material Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kakinuma
- Department of Next-Generation Dental Material Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kanna Fujimura
- Division of Molecular & Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Sara Ambo
- Division of Molecular & Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Koki Otake
- Division of Molecular & Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yumi Sato
- Division of Molecular & Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular & Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Ma KSK, Thota E, Huang JY, Huang YF, Wei JCC. Onset of oral lichen planus following dental treatments: A nested case-control study. Oral Dis 2023; 29:1269-1281. [PMID: 34953110 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The exposure to amalgam restorations has been reported to bring about altered immunity followed by inflammation and infection. AIMS This study aimed at identifying whether patients who received restorative or endodontic treatments, or tooth extraction, would have altered odds of developing oral lichen planus (OLP). MATERIAL AND METHODS In this population-based nested case-control study, 421 cases of OLP and 1,684 controls were included after propensity score matching. Logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of OLP in individuals who had received amalgam and composite resin restorations, root canal therapy, and tooth extraction over a follow-up duration of five years. RESULTS There were no significantly different odds of OLP for those who underwent either amalgam (aOR = 0.948, 95% CI = 0.853-1.053, p = 0.3170) or resin restorations (aOR = 1.007, 95% CI = 0.978-1.037, p = 0.6557) in both anterior and posterior teeth in an observational period of five years after restorations. Root canal therapy was associated with significantly lower odds of OLP, with each additional root canal therapy attenuating the risk of OLP at an aOR of 0.771 (95% CI = 0.680-0.874, p = 0.0001) for both anterior (aOR = 0.786, 95% CI = 0.626-0.986, p = 0.0372) and posterior teeth (aOR = 0.762, 95% CI = 0.650-0.893, p = 0.0008). Likewise, each tooth extraction reduced the risk of OLP, with an aOR of 0.846 (95% CI = 0.772-0.927, p = 0.0003), especially for anterior teeth (aOR = 0.733, 95% CI = 0.595-0.904, p = 0.0037). CONCLUSIONS We reported no significant association between dental restorations and consequent OLP, and significantly lower odds of OLP following both root canal therapy and tooth extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Sheng-Kai Ma
- Center for Global Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eshwar Thota
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yang Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Huang
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Oral Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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24
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Della Rocca Y, Traini EM, Diomede F, Fonticoli L, Trubiani O, Paganelli A, Pizzicannella J, Marconi GD. Current Evidence on Bisphenol A Exposure and the Molecular Mechanism Involved in Related Pathological Conditions. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030908. [PMID: 36986769 PMCID: PMC10053246 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the so-called endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of different morbid conditions: immune-mediated disorders, type-2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The purpose of this review is to analyze the mechanism of action of bisphenol A, with a special focus on mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and adipogenesis. Its uses will be assessed in various fields: dental, orthopedic, and industrial. The different pathological or physiological conditions altered by BPA and the related molecular pathways will be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Della Rocca
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Enrico Matteo Traini
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Diomede
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigia Fonticoli
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence: (O.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessia Paganelli
- PhD Course in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: (O.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Jacopo Pizzicannella
- Department of Engineering and Geology, University “G. d’ Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Viale Pindaro 42, 65127 Pescara, Italy
| | - Guya Diletta Marconi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Ozkan A, Çakır DA, Tezel H, Sanajou S, Yirun A, Baydar T, Erkekoglu P. Dental Implants and Implant Coatings: A Focus on Their Toxicity and Safety. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2023; 42:31-48. [PMID: 36749088 DOI: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2022043467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental implants are medical devices that are surgically inserted into the patient's jawbone by an orthodontist to act as roots of missing teeth. After the implantation, the maxilla or mandible integrates with the surface of the dental implant. This process, called "osseointegration," is an important period to ensure the long-term use of dental implants and prevent implant failures. Metal implants are the most used implant materials. However, they have disadvantages such as corrosion, metal ion release from metal implant surfaces and associated toxicity. To avoid these adverse effects and improve osseointegration, alternative dental implant materials such as ceramics, polymers, composites, and novel surface modification technologies have been developed. The safety of these materials are also of concern for toxicologists. This review will give general information about dental implant materials, osseointegration and successful implantation process. Moreover, we will focus on the new surface coatings materials for of dental implants and their toxicity and safety concerns will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atakan Ozkan
- TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Arca Çakır
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University Vaccine Institute, Department of Vaccinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hülya Tezel
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sonia Sanajou
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Anil Yirun
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Sıhhiye 06100, Ankara, Turkey; Çukurova University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Adana, Turkey
| | - Terken Baydar
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pinar Erkekoglu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Sıhhiye 06100, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University Vaccine Institute, Department of Vaccinology, Ankara, Turkey
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26
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Serrano DR, Kara A, Yuste I, Luciano FC, Ongoren B, Anaya BJ, Molina G, Diez L, Ramirez BI, Ramirez IO, Sánchez-Guirales SA, Fernández-García R, Bautista L, Ruiz HK, Lalatsa A. 3D Printing Technologies in Personalized Medicine, Nanomedicines, and Biopharmaceuticals. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:313. [PMID: 36839636 PMCID: PMC9967161 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
3D printing technologies enable medicine customization adapted to patients' needs. There are several 3D printing techniques available, but majority of dosage forms and medical devices are printed using nozzle-based extrusion, laser-writing systems, and powder binder jetting. 3D printing has been demonstrated for a broad range of applications in development and targeting solid, semi-solid, and locally applied or implanted medicines. 3D-printed solid dosage forms allow the combination of one or more drugs within the same solid dosage form to improve patient compliance, facilitate deglutition, tailor the release profile, or fabricate new medicines for which no dosage form is available. Sustained-release 3D-printed implants, stents, and medical devices have been used mainly for joint replacement therapies, medical prostheses, and cardiovascular applications. Locally applied medicines, such as wound dressing, microneedles, and medicated contact lenses, have also been manufactured using 3D printing techniques. The challenge is to select the 3D printing technique most suitable for each application and the type of pharmaceutical ink that should be developed that possesses the required physicochemical and biological performance. The integration of biopharmaceuticals and nanotechnology-based drugs along with 3D printing ("nanoprinting") brings printed personalized nanomedicines within the most innovative perspectives for the coming years. Continuous manufacturing through the use of 3D-printed microfluidic chips facilitates their translation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores R. Serrano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aytug Kara
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Yuste
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francis C. Luciano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Baris Ongoren
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Brayan J. Anaya
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gracia Molina
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Diez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bianca I. Ramirez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irving O. Ramirez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio A. Sánchez-Guirales
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Fernández-García
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Liliana Bautista
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Helga K. Ruiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aikaterini Lalatsa
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- CRUK Formulation Unit, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
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27
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Nam NE, Hwangbo NK, Jin G, Shim JS, Kim JE. Effects of heat-treatment methods on cytocompatibility and mechanical properties of dental products 3D-printed using photopolymerized resin. J Prosthodont Res 2023; 67:121-131. [PMID: 35570000 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_21_00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to test heat-treatment methods for improving the cytocompatibility of dental 3D printable photopolymer resins. METHODS Nextdent C&B resin and a digital light processing 3D printer were used to print all specimens, which were divided into seven groups as follows: 1-month storage at controlled room temperature, 20 to 25 °C (RT), 24-hour storage at RT, 24-hour storage in RT water, 1-min immersion in 80 °C water, 1-min immersion in 100 °C water, 5-min immersion in 100 °C water, and autoclaving. Cell viability tests, cytotoxicity tests, and confocal laser scanning microscopy were performed to analyze the cytocompatibility of the 3D-printed resin. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was performed after heat-treatment to determine the degree of conversion (DC). RESULTS Immersing printed resin samples in 100 °C water for 1 or 5 min after the curing process was an effective method for increasing cytocompatibility by inducing the preleaching of toxic substances such as unpolymerized monomers, photoinitiators, and additives. Moreover, the DC can be increased by additional polymerization without affecting the mechanical properties of the material. CONCLUSIONS Immersing the printed photosensitive dental resins in 100 °C water for 5 min is a suitable method for increasing cytocompatibility and the DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Eun Nam
- BK21 FOUR Project, Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Korea
| | - Na-Kyung Hwangbo
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Korea
| | - Gan Jin
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Korea
| | - June-Sung Shim
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Korea
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28
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The Biological Activity of Fragmented Computer-Aided Design/Manufacturing Dental Materials before and after Exposure to Acidic Environment. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59010104. [PMID: 36676728 PMCID: PMC9866959 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Three ceramic and composite computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials from different manufacturers (Cerasmart (CS)-nanoceramic resin; Straumann Nice (SN)-glass ceramic and Tetric CAD (TC)-composite resin) were tested to investigate the biocompatibility and sustainability on human fibroblasts and keratinocytes cells. Each type of CAD/CAM blocks restorative materials with fine and rough surfaces was exposed to an acidic environment for one month. After that, various powders were obtained by milling. In parallel, powders were also prepared from each restorative material, which were not exposed to the acidic environment. The cytotoxic effects were investigated by means of MTT and LDH assays, as well as nitric oxide production on two human normal cell lines, namely, fibroblasts (BJ) and keratinocytes (HaCaT). In addition, the degree of adhesion of fibroblast cells to each CAD/CAM material was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the two samples that were exposed to an acidic environment (CS and SN) induced a reduction of mitochondrial activity and plasma membrane damage as regards the fibroblast cells. A similar effect was observed in TC_fine-exposed material, which seemed to induce necrosis at the tested concentration of 1 mg/mL. No oxidative stress was observed in fibroblasts and keratinocytes treated with the CAD/CAM materials. Regarding the adhesion degree, it was found that the fibroblasts adhere to all the occlusal veneers tested, with the mention that the CS and SN materials have a weaker adhesion with fewer cytoplasmic extensions than TC material. With all of this considered, the CAD/CAM restorative materials tested are biocompatible and represent support for the attachment and dispersion of cells.
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29
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Delikan E, Erturk-Avunduk AT, Karatas O, Saçmacı Ş. Effect of topical fluoride applications on residual monomer release from resin-based restorative materials. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:1. [PMID: 36593449 PMCID: PMC9808933 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of topical fluoride applications on the release of monomer ingredients from resin-based dental materials by immersion in various extraction solutions are unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of topical fluorides (APF and NaF) on the elution of residual monomers (Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, UDMA, and HEMA) from resin-based materials. METHODS Ninety specimens were prepared, 30 bulk-fill composite resin, 30 nanohybrid universal composite resin, and 30 polyacid-modified composite resin (compomer). These were randomly divided into three groups based on fluoride application procedures. Each specimen was kept in 75% ethanol solution, and residual monomers released from materials were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after 10 min, 1 h, 24 h, and 30 days. The groups were compared using the Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests. Measurements were analyzed using the Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. RESULTS Fluoride applications generally had no considerable effect on the amount of residual monomer released from resin-based restorative materials. The amount of monomer release after topical APF application was similar to the release in the control group and was lower than the release in the NaF group. The release of monomers from the resin-based material used in the study did not approach toxic levels at the applied time intervals. The compomer released lower amounts of monomer than other resin-based materials. CONCLUSIONS Fluoride applications do not increase monomer release from resin-based restorative materials. However, compomers should be employed by clinicians due to their lower monomer release compared to other resin restorative materials. The release of monomers from all the resin-based materials did not approach toxic levels at the applied time intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Delikan
- grid.466101.40000 0004 0471 9784Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, TR-38170 Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Ayse Tugba Erturk-Avunduk
- grid.411691.a0000 0001 0694 8546Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mersin University, TR-33343 Mersin, Türkiye
| | - Ozcan Karatas
- grid.466101.40000 0004 0471 9784Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, TR-38170 Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Şerife Saçmacı
- grid.411739.90000 0001 2331 2603Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, TR-38039 Kayseri, Türkiye
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Moslemi F, Yasaie AM, Shojaiepour R. Is the Metallic Color of Stainless Steel Crown Satisfying for Cooperative Children and their Parents? a Preliminary Study. JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY (SHIRAZ, IRAN) 2022; 23:480-488. [PMID: 36718168 PMCID: PMC9883625 DOI: 10.30476/dentjods.2021.91616.1593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Currently, the demand for tooth-colored restorations in children and young adults is increasing. Stainless steel crown (SSC) is the most common restoration for decayed primary molars. Given the dark metallic color of SSC, the esthetic appearance of this restoration is poor and subsequently their acceptance is still a matter of debate. PURPOSE This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of restoration's color on children's daily living conditions and compare the clinical and radiographic success rates of composite resins with SSC in primary molars. MATERIALS AND METHOD This clinical trial study was performed on 70 primary molars in 44 healthy 4- to 7-year-old children. The children were randomly divided into two groups restored with SSC and restored with composite resin. Two researcher-made questionnaires were used to assess the children's satisfaction concerning the appearance and color of restoration. The data were analyzed with SPSS 20 using chi-squared, Fisher's, and Mann-Whitney U tests. The significance level was set at p< 0.05. RESULTS Children's satisfaction with restoration color in the treatment session was 75% in the SSC group and 85% in the composite resin group. However, the difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.246). After one year of follow-up, the satisfaction rate decreased to 69% in the SSC group and increased to 90.6% in the composite resin group, with a significant difference (p< 0.001). Moreover, the frequency of clinical success was 95% in the SSC group and 96.7% in the composite resin group, with no statistically significant difference (p= 0.749). The frequency of radiographic success was 87.5% in the SSC group and 100% in the composite resin group; this difference was not significant (p= 0.061). CONCLUSION The results verified that restoration color was not important for cooperative children in the treatment session. However, after one year, children who received composite resin restorations were pointedly more satisfied than those who were treated with SSC restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Moslemi
- Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amir Mohamad Yasaie
- Dept. of Periodontic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Raziyeh Shojaiepour
- Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Nedeljkovic I, Doulabi BZ, Abdelaziz M, Feilzer AJ, Exterkate RA, Szafert S, Gulia N, Krejci I, Kleverlaan CJ. Cytotoxicity and anti-biofilm properties of novel hybrid-glass-based caries infiltrant. Dent Mater 2022; 38:2052-2061. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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A Pilot Study on Monomer and Bisphenol A (BPA) Release from UDMA-Based and Conventional Indirect Veneering Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214580. [PMID: 36365574 PMCID: PMC9656414 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the release of common monomers from conventional (Dialog Vario, Enamel Plus HFO) and UDMA-based indirect veneering composites (VITA VM LC, GC Gradia). Ten cylindrical samples of each material were prepared (n = 40), immersed in HPLC grade water, and incubated for 24 h in an incubation shaker at 37 °C and 112 rpm. Extraction was performed following ISO 10993-12 and monomers were detected and quantified by HPLC-MS/MS. In all the samples, urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and bisphenol A (BPA) were quantifiable. Compared to water blanks, BPA levels were only elevated in the eluates from conventional composites. In all other samples, concentrations were in the range of extraneous BPA and were therefore clinically irrelevant. Low concentrations of Bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) were found in one BPA-free composite and in both conventional materials. Statistical analyses showed that BPA-free materials released significantly less BisGMA and no BPA, while UDMA elution was comparable to elution from conventional materials. All measured concentrations were below reported effective cytotoxic concentrations. Considering these results, the substitution of BPA-derivatives with UDMA might be beneficial since BPA-associated adverse effects are ruled out. Further studies should be enrolled to test the biocompatibility of UDMA on cells of the oral environment.
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Gouveia Z, Finer Y, Santerre JP. Towards the development of biostable dental resin systems - design criteria and constraints beyond ester-free chemistries. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1827-1840. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hassan SA, Beleidy M, El-din YA. Biocompatibility and Surface Roughness of Different Sustainable Dental Composite Blocks: Comprehensive In Vitro Study. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:34258-34267. [PMID: 36188235 PMCID: PMC9520711 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The study purposed to investigate the biocompatibility and sustainability of two computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin-based composites compared to a resin-modified ceramic in terms of surface roughness, biofilm formation, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and cellular changes observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Three CAD/CAM blocks were used, two resin-based composites [Brilliant Crios (BC) and Cerasmart, (CS) and one hybrid ceramic (Vita Enamic (EN)]. Each block was sectioned into 10 × 12 × 2 mm specimens, followed by finishing and polishing. Each specimen was evaluated for surface roughness using 3D optical profilometry and scanned by scanning electron microscopy. Biofilm formation and its relation to surface roughness have been investigated for all tested materials. A Hep-2 cell line was used to investigate the viability through MTT assay. The cytotoxicity of the materials was measured at 24, 48, and 168 h. The activity of P53, caspase 3, and cytochrome C was evaluated to detect the genotoxicity of different groups, followed by TEM tracking of the cellular changes. Statistical analysis was implemented by utilizing a one-way analysis of variance test. The significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. With regard to the surface roughness, no statistically significant differences were shown between groups. BC possessed the highest biofilm formation value, followed by EN and CS, with no significance between them. No correlation between surface roughness of tested materials and biofilm formation was shown. Considering viability, the highest values were recorded for EN, whereas BC showed the lowest values. P53-fold changes in EN were significantly the lowest, indicating less genotoxicity. Within the current study's limitations, BC showed the highest biofilm formation. However, no significant surface roughness difference or correlation with biofilm formation was observed in tested materials. EN showed the lowest cytotoxicity and the highest viability. EN revealed the best compatibility performance among tested materials. On the contrary, the BC exhibited fewer preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha A. Hassan
- Associate
Professor of Cell Biology and Genetics Faculty of Dentistry-October
6 University, Giza 12511, Egypt
| | - Marwa Beleidy
- Lecturer
of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, October 6 University, Giza 12511, Egypt
| | - Yasmine Alaa El-din
- Lecturer
of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, October 6 University, Giza 12511, Egypt
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Azhar S, Rana NF, Kashif AS, Tanweer T, Shafique I, Menaa F. DEAE-Dextran Coated AgNPs: A Highly Blendable Nanofiller Enhances Compressive Strength of Dental Resin Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153143. [PMID: 35956658 PMCID: PMC9371126 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Micro-crack formation and resultant bacterial infiltration are major causes of secondary caries formation in dental resin-based composite restorations. Improving dental resin composites’ mechanical and biological properties using highly bendable nanoparticles (NPs) can resolve this issue. This study aims to develop novel Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Dextran silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and subsequently modify composite resins with these NPs to enhance their mechanical and antibacterial properties. DEAE-Dextran AgNPs were successfully synthesized using a chemical reduction method that was confirmed with the help of ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Zeta potential, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Antibacterial activity of a composite disc with DEAE-Dextran AgNPs was tested against Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, and oral microcosm. The composite discs prepared with DEAE-Dextran AgNPs exhibited excellent antibacterial activity compared with composite resin reinforced by simple AgNPs (p < 0.05). Mechanical properties were significantly enhanced by adding DEAE-Dextran into composite resin (p < 0.05). Moreover, unlike AgNPs, DEAE-Dextran AgNPs were found to be less hemolytic. The results establish strong ground applications for DEAE-Dextran-modified dental composite resins in restorative dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabia Azhar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Science & Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (S.A.); (A.S.K.); (T.T.); (I.S.)
- Integrated Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, School of Interdisciplinary Engineering & Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Nosheen Fatima Rana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Science & Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (S.A.); (A.S.K.); (T.T.); (I.S.)
- Integrated Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, School of Interdisciplinary Engineering & Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (N.F.R.); (F.M.); Tel.: +92-5190856074 (N.F.R.); Fax: +92-5190856002 (N.F.R.)
| | - Amer Sohail Kashif
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Science & Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (S.A.); (A.S.K.); (T.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Tahreem Tanweer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Science & Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (S.A.); (A.S.K.); (T.T.); (I.S.)
- Integrated Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, School of Interdisciplinary Engineering & Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Shafique
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Science & Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (S.A.); (A.S.K.); (T.T.); (I.S.)
- Integrated Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, School of Interdisciplinary Engineering & Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Farid Menaa
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Nanomedicine, California Innovations Corporation, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
- Correspondence: (N.F.R.); (F.M.); Tel.: +92-5190856074 (N.F.R.); Fax: +92-5190856002 (N.F.R.)
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Pratsinis H, Papageorgiou SN, Panayi N, Iliadi A, Eliades T, Kletsas D. Cytotoxicity and estrogenicity of a novel 3-dimensional printed orthodontic aligner. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 162:e116-e122. [PMID: 35842359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Orthodontic aligners printed with in-office 3-dimensional (3D) procedures have been described, but no data on their biocompatibility exist. This study investigates the cytotoxicity and estrogenicity of a 3D-printed orthodontic aligner by assessing its biological and behavioral effects. METHODS Ten sets of 1 type of aligner were immersed in sterile deionized water for 14 days, and the cytotoxicity and estrogenicity of released factors were assessed via MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays on human gingival fibroblasts and the estrogen-sensitive MCF-7 and the estrogen-insensitive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. 17β-Estradiol and bisphenol-A were used as positive controls. The statistical analysis of data was performed with generalized linear models at a 0.05 level of significance. RESULTS No signs of cytotoxicity were seen for the aligner samples for concentrations (v/v) of 20% (P = 0.32), 10% (P = 0.79), or 5% (P = 0.76). The antioxidant activity expressed as the capacity to reduce intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species was not affected in the aligner samples (P = 0.08). No significant estrogenicity was induced by the aligner samples compared with eluents from the negative control for both MCF-7 (P = 0.65) and MDA-MB-231 (P = 0.78). As expected, 17β-Estradiol and bisphenol-A stimulated MCF-7 cell proliferation, whereas no effect was observed on MDA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, if any factors were released during the 14-day aging of 3D-printed aligners in water, these were not found to be cytotoxic for human gingival fibroblasts and did not affect their intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. Moreover, no estrogenic effects of these putative eluates were observed based on an E-screen assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harris Pratsinis
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon N Papageorgiou
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nearchos Panayi
- Department of Dentistry, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Private practice, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Anna Iliadi
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodore Eliades
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Dimitris Kletsas
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Athens, Greece
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Fidalgo-Pereira R, Carpio D, Torres O, Carvalho O, Silva F, Henriques B, Özcan M, Souza JCM. The influence of inorganic fillers on the light transmission through resin-matrix composites during the light-curing procedure: an integrative review. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5575-5594. [PMID: 35767045 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04589-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to perform an integrative review on the effect the inorganic fillers on the light transmission through the resin-matrix composites during the light-curing procedure. METHOD A bibliographic review was performed on PubMed using the following search terms: "fillers" OR "particle" AND "light curing" OR "polymerization" AND "light transmission" OR "light absorption" OR "light irradiance" OR "light attenuation" OR "light diffusion" AND "resin composite." The search involved articles published in English language in the last 10 years. RESULTS Selected studies reported a decrease in biaxial strength and hardness in traditional resin-matrix composites in function of the depth of polymerization. However, there were no significant differences in biaxial strength and hardness recorded along the polymerization depth of Bulk-Fill™ composites. Strength and hardness were enhanced by increasing the size and content of inorganic fillers although some studies revealed a progressive decrease in the degree of conversion on increasing silica particle size. The translucency of glass-ceramic spherical fillers promoted light diffusion mainly in critical situations such as in the case of deep proximal regions of resin-matrix composites. CONCLUSIONS The amount of light transmitted through the resin-matrix composites is influenced by the size, content, microstructure, and shape of the inorganic filler particles. The decrease of the degree of conversion affects negatively the physical and mechanical properties of the resin-matrix composites. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The type and content of inorganic fillers in the chemical composition of resin-matrix composites do affect their polymerization. As a consequence, the clinical performance of resin-matrix composites can be compromised leading to variable physical properties and degradation. The polymerization mode of resin-matrix composites can be improved according to the type of inorganic fillers in their chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Fidalgo-Pereira
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Daniela Carpio
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Orlanda Torres
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Oscar Carvalho
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory (LABBELS), University of Minho, 4710-057, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Filipe Silva
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory (LABBELS), University of Minho, 4710-057, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruno Henriques
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory (LABBELS), University of Minho, 4710-057, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Dental Materials Unit, Center of Dental Medicine, Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Júlio C M Souza
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, PRD, Portugal.
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal.
- Associate Laboratory (LABBELS), University of Minho, 4710-057, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal.
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3-Year Clinical Performance of a New Pit and Fissure Sealant. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133741. [PMID: 35807023 PMCID: PMC9267564 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this 3-year, randomized clinical trial (RCT) in split-mouth design was to explore the clinical survival of a Bis-GMA-free pit and fissure sealant (Helioseal F Plus) in comparison to a control material (Helioseal F). The initial population consisted of 92 adolescents. Follow-ups took place after one year (N = 85), two years (N = 82) and three years (N = 76) after application. At each examination, sealant retention and the presence of caries were recorded. The statistical analysis included the calculation of Kaplan–Meier survival curves, log-rank tests and a Cox proportional hazard regression model. No adverse events were documented. The proportion of completely intact sealants and those with minimal loss was almost identical in both groups, at 84.3% (Helioseal F; 113/134) and 81.7% (Helioseal F Plus; 107/131) after three years of observation. The regression analysis revealed an operator dependency, but no significant differences were found between the materials, the study centers, the chosen isolation technique, patient age or sex. After 3 years, 91.7% and 100.0% of all molars were free of non-cavitated carious lesions or carious cavities, respectively. It can be concluded that the new fissure sealing material can be considered as at least equivalent in terms of survival and retention behavior compared to the predecessor material.
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Sulek J, Luczaj-Cepowicz E, Marczuk-Kolada G, Rosłan M, Holownia A. Cytotoxicity of Methacrylate Dental Resins to Human Gingival Fibroblasts. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13020056. [PMID: 35645264 PMCID: PMC9149838 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the acute and delayed cytotoxicity of three, popular light-cured methacrylate-based restorative resins (MRs): Charisma (C), Estelite (E), and Filtek (F), to human gingival fibroblasts in culture. Cells were grown for up to 24 h with light-cured (or pre-cured) resins. We evaluated resin cytotoxicity, redox imbalance, necrosis/apoptosis, miR-9, and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). The role of resin-induced oxidative stress (damage) in HSP70-response (repair) was assessed using binary fluorescence labeling. All MRs decreased viable cell numbers and cell proliferation and damaged cell membranes, and their 24 h-delayed toxicity was lower (C), higher (F), or similar (E) to that induced by freshly-cured resins. Cell membrane damage induced by C and E decreased with time, while F produced a linear increase. All resins generated intracellular oxidative stress with the predominant necrotic outcome, and produced heterogeneous responses in miR-9 and HSP70. The double fluorescence (damage/repair) experiments pointed to common features of E and F but not C. In the subset of cells, the binary response induced by E and F was different from C, similar to each other, and positively interrelated. Experimental data show that selective MR cytotoxicity should be taken into account when considering repetitive use or massive reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Sulek
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (J.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Elzbieta Luczaj-Cepowicz
- Department of Paedodontics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (E.L.-C.); (G.M.-K.)
| | - Grazyna Marczuk-Kolada
- Department of Paedodontics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (E.L.-C.); (G.M.-K.)
| | - Maciej Rosłan
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (J.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Adam Holownia
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (J.S.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-857-485-570
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Nedeljkovic I, Abdelaziz M, Feilzer AJ, Szafert S, Gulia N, Dawaa M, Krejci I, Kleverlaan CJ. Novel hybrid-glass-based material for infiltration of early caries lesions. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1015-1023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kelch M, Stawarczyk B, Mayinger F. Chemical and mechanical properties of dual-polymerizing core build-up materials. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:4885-4896. [PMID: 35344103 PMCID: PMC9276564 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the chemical (degree of conversion (DC)) and mechanical properties (Martens hardness (HM), elastic indentation modulus (EIT), and biaxial flexural strength (BFS)) of four dual-polymerizing resin composite core build-up materials after light- and self-polymerization. MATERIALS AND METHODS Round specimens with a diameter of 12 mm and a thickness of 1.5 mm were manufactured from CLEARFIL DC CORE PLUS (CLE; Kuraray), core·X flow (COR; Dentsply Sirona), MultiCore Flow (MUL; Ivoclar Vivadent), and Rebilda DC (REB; VOCO) (N = 96, n = 24/material). Half of the specimens were light-polymerized (Elipar DeepCure-S, 3 M), while the other half cured by self-polymerization (n = 12/group). Immediately after fabrication, the DC, HM, EIT, and BFS were determined. Data was analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests, Spearman's correlation, and Weibull statistics (p < 0.05). RESULTS Light-polymerization either led to similar EIT (MUL; p = 0.119) and BFS (MUL and REB; p = 0.094-0.326) values or higher DC, HM, EIT, and BFS results (all other groups; p < 0.001-0.009). When compared with the other materials, COR showed a high DC (p < 0.001) and HM (p < 0.001) after self-polymerization and the highest BFS (p = 0.020) and Weibull modulus after light-polymerization. Positive correlations between all four tested parameters (R = 0.527-0.963, p < 0.001) were found. CONCLUSIONS For the tested resin composite core build-up materials, light-polymerization led to similar or superior values for the degree of conversion, Martens hardness, elastic indentation modulus, and biaxial flexural strength than observed after self-polymerization. Among the tested materials, COR should represent the resin composite core build-up material of choice due to its high chemical (degree of conversion) and mechanical (Martens hardness, elastic indentation modulus, and biaxial flexural strength) properties and its high reliability after light-polymerization. The examined chemical and mechanical properties showed a positive correlation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The chemical and mechanical performance of dual-polymerizing resin composite core build-up materials is significantly affected by the chosen polymerization mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kelch
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Bogna Stawarczyk
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Felicitas Mayinger
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
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Scribante A, Gallo S, Pascadopoli M, Canzi P, Marconi S, Montasser MA, Bressani D, Gandini P, Sfondrini MF. Properties of CAD/CAM 3D Printing Dental Materials and Their Clinical Applications in Orthodontics: Where Are We Now? APPLIED SCIENCES 2022; 12:551. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, both medicine and dentistry have come across a revolution represented by the introduction of more and more digital technologies for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Additive manufacturing is a relatively new technology consisting of a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) workflow, which allows the substitution of many materials with digital data. This process requires three fundamental steps represented by the digitalization of an item through a scanner, the editing of the data acquired using a software, and the manufacturing technology to transform the digital data into a final product, respectively. This narrative review aims to discuss the recent introduction in dentistry of the abovementioned digital workflow. The main advantages and disadvantages of the process will be discussed, along with a brief description of the possible applications on orthodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scribante
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Gallo
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pascadopoli
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Pietro Canzi
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Viale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Marconi
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mona A. Montasser
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | | | - Paola Gandini
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Sfondrini
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Rozeik AS, Chaar MS, Sindt S, Wille S, Selhuber-Unkel C, Kern M, El-Kholy S, Dörfer C, Fawzy El-Sayed KM. Cellular properties of human gingival fibroblasts on novel and conventional implant-abutment materials. Dent Mater 2021; 38:540-548. [PMID: 34980491 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize human-gingival-fibroblast-(HGFs) viability, proliferation and adhesion on polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network-(PICN), polyetheretherketone-(PEEK), hydroxyapatite-reinforced-polyetheretherketone-(HA-PEEK), polyetherketoneketone-(PEKK), as well as conventional titanium-(Ti) and zirconia ceramic-(Zr) implant materials in-vitro. METHODS Six materials (n = 40/group, 240 specimens) were standardized for surface roughness, assessed employing water contact angle measurements (WCA) and loaded with HGFs. HGF viability and proliferation were assessed at 24 and 72 h. Cell adhesion strength was evaluated after 24 h exposure to lateral shear forces using a shaking-device at 320 and 560-rpm.and qualitatively tested by scanning-electron-microscopy-(SEM) at 3, 24 and 72 h. RESULTS PICN demonstrated the lowest mean WCA (48.2 ± 6.3º), followed by Zr (73.8 ± 5.1º), while HA-PEEK showed the highest WCA (87.2 ± 1.5º; p ≤ 0.05). After 24 h, Zr showed the highest mean HGFs-viability rate (88 ± 14%), while PEKK showed the lowest one (78 ± 7%). At 72 h, Zr continued to show the highest HGF-viability (80 ± 6%) compared to PEKK (67.5 ± 6%) and PEEK (67%±5). SEM did not reveal differences between different materials with respect to cell attachment at 3, 24 or 72 h. At 320 rpm shaking, HGFs showed to be best attached to PICN (mean%-of-detached-cells ± SD; 26 ± 11%) and worst to PEEK (54 ± 18%). At 560 rpm shaking, Zr showed the least detached cells (32 ± 4%), while HA-PEEK revealed the highest number of detached cells (58 ± 3%; ANOVA/Tukey-post-hoc-test, differences not statistically significant). SIGNIFICANCE Dental implant abutment materials and their wettability strongly affect HGF proliferation and adhesion properties. Although, PICN showed the best wettability properties, Zr exhibited the strongest adhesion strength at high shaking. Within the current study's limitations, Zr remains the most biocompatible abutment material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Said Rozeik
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Sad Chaar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Sindt
- Institute of Materials Science, Biocompatible Nanomaterials, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wille
- Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christine Selhuber-Unkel
- Institute of Materials Science, Biocompatible Nanomaterials, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kern
- Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Samar El-Kholy
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Christof Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karim M Fawzy El-Sayed
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Halder AK, Delgado AHS, Cordeiro MNDS. First multi-target QSAR model for predicting the cytotoxicity of acrylic acid-based dental monomers. Dent Mater 2021; 38:333-346. [PMID: 34955234 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acrylic acid derivatives are frequently used as dental monomers and their cytotoxicity towards various cell lines is well documented. This study aims to probe the structural and physicochemical attributes responsible for higher toxicity of dental monomers, using quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) modeling approaches. METHODS A regression-based linear single-target QSAR (st-QSAR) model was developed with a comparatively small dataset containing 39 compounds, the cytotoxicity of which has been assessed over the Hela S3 cell line. By contrast, a classification-based multi-target QSAR model was developed with 138 compounds, the cytotoxicity of which has been reported against 18 different cell lines. Both models were set up following rigorous validation protocols confirming their statistical significance and robustness. RESULTS The performance of the linear mt-QSAR model, developed with various feature selection and post-selection similarity searching-based schemes, superseded that of all non-linear models produced with six machine learning methods by hyperparameter optimization. The final derived st-QSAR and mt-QSAR linear models are shown to be highly predictive, as well as revealing the crucial structural and physicochemical factors responsible for higher cytotoxicity of the dental monomers. SIGNIFICANCE This study is the first attempt on unveiling the cytotoxicity of dental monomers over several cell lines by means of a single multi-target QSAR model. Further, such a model is ready to get widespread applicability in the screening of new monomers, judging from its almost accurate predictions over diverse experimental assay conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Halder
- LAQV@REQUIMTE/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Dr. Meghnad Saha Sarani, Bidhannagar, Durgapur 713212, West Bengal, India
| | - António H S Delgado
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK; Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Monte de Caparica, Portugal.
| | - M Natália D S Cordeiro
- LAQV@REQUIMTE/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Hampe T, Wiessner A, Frauendorf H, Alhussein M, Karlovsky P, Bürgers R, Krohn S. A comparative in vitro study on monomer release from bisphenol A-free and conventional temporary crown and bridge materials. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 129:e12826. [PMID: 34879174 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the release of common monomers from two conventional and two bisphenol A (BPA)-free temporary crown and bridge materials. Cylindrical samples of all materials were prepared (N = 90; five samples for each material and cycle of analysis). All samples were immersed in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade water and incubated for 1 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 7 days in an incubation shaker at 37°C and 112 rpm. Extraction was performed in accordance with ISO 10993-12. Eluted monomers were detected and quantified by HPLC coupled with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (HPLC-UV/Vis-MS). Analysis of BPA was performed by HPLC coupled with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (HPLC-UV/Vis) and positive results were verified by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Neither bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) nor BPA was quantifiable in any of the crown and bridge samples investigated in the present study. However, all samples contained triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and/or urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) after 24 h of incubation. Statistical analysis showed that significantly more UDMA was released from the BPA-free materials than from the conventional materials. All concentrations of UDMA measured were below the effective cytotoxic concentrations previously reported. However, for a few materials, especially BPA-free temporary crown and bridge materials, the levels of UDMA were above previously reported potentially harmful concentrations for local cells. As BPA-free materials were introduced as being more biocompatible than materials containing BPA, substitution of Bis-GMA with UDMA should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Hampe
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Wiessner
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holm Frauendorf
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mohammad Alhussein
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Petr Karlovsky
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Bürgers
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Krohn
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Alamoush RA, Salim NA, Silikas N, Satterthwaite JD. Long-term hydrolytic stability of CAD/CAM composite blocks. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 130:e12834. [PMID: 34897842 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess water sorption and solubility of CAD/CAM composite blocks compared to CAD/CAM ceramic after 8 months storage in water and artificial saliva. Eight CAD/CAM blocks were investigated: Five resin-composite blocks (RCBs), one polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) block, one ceramic-filled polyetheretherketone (PEEK) block, and one feldspathic ceramic block. One hundred and twelve specimens were prepared comprising 14 specimens of each of the eight materials. From each group of specimens, seven randomly selected specimens were immersed in 10 mL of water, while the other seven specimens were immersed in artificial saliva. All specimens were stored at 37°C and weighed at various time intervals. The data were analysed via repeat measures ANOVA, one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05 for all tests). Sorption values (mean [SD]) in water were within the range -1.21 (0.4) to 39.3 (2.1) μg/mm3 and in artificial saliva between -0.7 (0.2) and 41.6 (1.3) μg/mm3 . Solubility values in water were between -0.43 (0.08) and 0.34 (0.18) μg/mm3 and in artificial saliva between -0.53 (0.07) μg/mm3 and 0.33 (0.2) μg/mm3 . CAD/CAM composite blocks were hydrolytically stable under long-term storage (according to ISO 4949:2009), although not as stable as ceramic. Water sorption of CAD/CAM composite blocks was dependent on the resin-matrix and was influenced by the filler weight %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A Alamoush
- Prosthodontics Department, School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nesreen A Salim
- Prosthodontics Department, School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nick Silikas
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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A fabric phase sorptive extraction method for the LC-UV determination of bisphenol A and leaching monomers from dental materials in human saliva. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1188:123073. [PMID: 34864606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.123073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and simple fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) procedure is developed for the simultaneous extraction of four monomers (Bisphenol A, BPA; Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, TEGDMA; Urethane dimethacrylate, UDMA; Bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate, BisGMA) in human saliva, prior to the determination by high pressure liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet-visible detector. FPSE is a green sample preparation technique, harmonized with the principles of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC), which utilizes a flexible surface, such as cellulose, chemically coated with a polymeric material using sol-gel technology. FPSE membranes are characterized by superior chemical stability and any solvent or solvent mixture can be used for elution. Among twelve different sol-gel coated membranes, an FPSE membrane coated with sol-gel polytetrahydrofuran (sol-gel PTHF) was found optimum to extract four target compounds from saliva samples, which were first centrifuged. Parameters with most significant impact on the extraction efficiency of FPSE including elution solvent, utilization of magnetic stirring, extraction time have been comprehensively studied and optimized. The studied compounds' separation was carried out by a Perfect Sil 120 ODS-2 chromatographic column (250 mm × 4.0 mm, 5 μm), using a mobile phase constituting of acetonitrile-water 70:30 % v/v (isocratic elution). The total analysis time was 10 min. Detection was achieved by an ultraviolet-visible detector at 220 nm. The method was validated in terms of sensitivity, linearity, trueness, precision, selectivity and stability of samples. For all four compounds, the limit of detection and the limit of quantification were 0.075 ng/μL and 0.25 ng/μL, respectively. Relative recovery rates were between 90.0 and 106.7%, while RSD values were <8.1 and 12% for interday and intraday repeatability, respectively. Youden & Steiner approach was applied to study method's ruggedness and reusability of the media was tested, which enhanced the green nature of technique.
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Sultana A, Zare M, Luo H, Ramakrishna S. Surface Engineering Strategies to Enhance the In Situ Performance of Medical Devices Including Atomic Scale Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11788. [PMID: 34769219 PMCID: PMC8583812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of intense scientific research investigations clearly suggest that only a subset of a large number of metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, and nanomaterials are suitable as biomaterials for a growing number of biomedical devices and biomedical uses. However, biomaterials are prone to microbial infection due to Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), hepatitis, tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and many more. Hence, a range of surface engineering strategies are devised in order to achieve desired biocompatibility and antimicrobial performance in situ. Surface engineering strategies are a group of techniques that alter or modify the surface properties of the material in order to obtain a product with desired functionalities. There are two categories of surface engineering methods: conventional surface engineering methods (such as coating, bioactive coating, plasma spray coating, hydrothermal, lithography, shot peening, and electrophoretic deposition) and emerging surface engineering methods (laser treatment, robot laser treatment, electrospinning, electrospray, additive manufacturing, and radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique). Atomic-scale engineering, such as chemical vapor deposition, atomic layer etching, plasma immersion ion deposition, and atomic layer deposition, is a subsection of emerging technology that has demonstrated improved control and flexibility at finer length scales than compared to the conventional methods. With the advancements in technologies and the demand for even better control of biomaterial surfaces, research efforts in recent years are aimed at the atomic scale and molecular scale while incorporating functional agents in order to elicit optimal in situ performance. The functional agents include synthetic materials (monolithic ZnO, quaternary ammonium salts, silver nano-clusters, titanium dioxide, and graphene) and natural materials (chitosan, totarol, botanical extracts, and nisin). This review highlights the various strategies of surface engineering of biomaterial including their functional mechanism, applications, and shortcomings. Additionally, this review article emphasizes atomic scale engineering of biomaterials for fabricating antimicrobial biomaterials and explores their challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afreen Sultana
- Center for Nanotechnology & Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore; (A.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Mina Zare
- Center for Nanotechnology & Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore; (A.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Hongrong Luo
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanotechnology & Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore; (A.S.); (S.R.)
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Balagopal S, Geethapriya N, Anisha S, Hemasathya BA, Vandana J, Dhatshayani C. Comparative evaluation of the degree of conversion of four different composites polymerized using ultrafast photopolymerization technique: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2021; 24:77-82. [PMID: 34475685 PMCID: PMC8378501 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_648_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Lower degree of conversion (DC%) of monomer to polymer in a resin composite restoration could be a health hazard for the patient as well as it could affect the longevity of the restoration. Aims This study is aimed to compare and evaluate the DC% of four different composites polymerized using ultrafast photopolymerization. Settings and Design In-vitro study. Materials and Methods A total of 40 disc-shaped composite samples were used in the study. Twenty samples were prepared for each group using 2 mm height and 6 mm diameter Tygon tube as a matrix. All of the composites were cured using the Woodpecker i Led light-curing unit with an intensity of 2300-2500 mW/cm2 (TURBO mode). Samples in Group 1 were cured for 1 s and samples in Group 2 were cured for 3 s. Each group had 4 subgroups of five samples of the 4 resin composites tested. After photo-activation, the specimens were stored under dark dry conditions at room temperature for 24 h before testing. The DC% was measured using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Statistical Analysis Used The DC% were analyzed using ANOVA, and Tukey HSD post hoc test using IBM SPSS 21 software. Results Among the experimental groups, Group 2 showed a higher DC% which ranges from 93.7% to 95.4% than Group 1 which ranges from 58.5% to 65.5%. There was a statistically significant difference in the DC% among the materials tested (P < 0.05). Conclusions Within the limitations of the study, it was concluded that composites cured for 3 s showed a higher DC% which ranges from 93.7% to 95.4% than those cured for 1 s. The DC% also varied among the four different composites tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundaresan Balagopal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Nagarajan Geethapriya
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Sebatni Anisha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Bahavathi Ananthan Hemasathya
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - James Vandana
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Chandrasekaran Dhatshayani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
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Effect of Polymerization Time on Residual Monomer Release in Dental Composite: In Vitro Study. INT J POLYM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/8101075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Light activated resin-based composites are the most accepted and used materials among clinicians. The aim of this study is to determine the amount of residual monomer released from nanofiller composite resins for different polymerization times and storage periods in vitro. To this purpose, Tetric Ceram (Ivoclar, Liechtenstein), Clearfil Majesty Posterior (Kuraray, Japan), Grandio (VOCO, Germany), and Filtek Ultimate Universal (3M, USA) were used as nanofiller resin composites samples. Four groups (
, diameter: 5 mm, thickness: 2 mm) of each material were fabricated, and each group was exposed to three different polymerization time (10, 20 and 40 sec). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure the amount of monomers released over 1, 15, and 30 days. The highest amount of monomer release was seen in Tetric EvoCream composite, while the least monomer release was seen in Clearfil Majesty composite. Regardless of the polymerization time, material, or storage period, the highest amount of eluted monomer was Bis-GMA. It is observed that there is no statistically significant difference between various polymerization times. Monomer release reached its highest level on the 15th day and decreased on the 30th day for all composites. Polymerization time did not affect the monomer release from the composites, but the type of the monomers and concentration of the filler used in the composites affected the amount of released monomers. The use of TEGDMA (co)monomer reduced the monomer release.
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