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Papaefthymiou P, Ozbilen EO. Sella turcica morphometrics in subjects with down syndrome. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2023; 124:101559. [PMID: 37442343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since the number of patients diagnosed with Down syndrome seeking orthodontic treatment is increasing, clinicians could contribute by applying diagnostic modalities used frequently in the orthodontic field for research purposes. Thus, The aim of the present study is to implement morphometric methods to investigate the size and shape of sella turcica in subjects with Down syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, archive records of 24 individuals with Down syndrome were compared to 48 healthy controls matched for age and gender. Parameters such as sella anterior, midpoint, and posterior height were measured, as well as sella width, area, and length were calculated. Independent sample t-tests were applied for the comparison of differences in sella turcica dimensions. Geometric morphometric analysis of the sella was performed with, implementing methods such as Procrustes superimposition and principal component analysis. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found for sella anterior height, sella midpoint height, sella posterior height, sella maximum height, sella length, and sella area. All the aforementioned values were significantly increased in the Down syndrome subjects (p<0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) depicted a statistically significant difference in sella shape between patients with Down syndrome and healthy controls (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Subjects with Down syndrome presented significantly increased sella turcica dimensions as well statistically significant differences in shape compared to healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Papaefthymiou
- School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Elvan Onem Ozbilen
- School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Hasan HA, Hameed HA, Alam MK, Yusof A, Murakami H, Kubo K, Maeda H. Sella Turcica Morphology Phenotyping in Malay Subjects with Down’s Syndrome. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.28.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haider Ali Hasan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, College of Dentistry, University of Babylon
| | - Hanan Ali Hameed
- Prosthodontic Department, College of Dentistry, University of Babylon
| | | | - Asilah Yusof
- Craniofacial Morphology Unit, School of Dental Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia
| | - Hiroshi Murakami
- Division of Implant Dentistry, Department of Gerodentistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Katsutoshi Kubo
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Hatsuhiko Maeda
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
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Korayem M, AlKofide E. Size and shape of the sella turcica in subjects with Down syndrome. Orthod Craniofac Res 2014; 18:43-50. [DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Korayem
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics; College of Dentistry; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - E. AlKofide
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics; College of Dentistry; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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Kjær I. Sella turcica morphology and the pituitary gland—a new contribution to craniofacial diagnostics based on histology and neuroradiology. Eur J Orthod 2012; 37:28-36. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjs091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Dental approach to craniofacial syndromes: how can developmental fields show us a new way to understand pathogenesis? Int J Dent 2012; 2012:145749. [PMID: 23091490 PMCID: PMC3467949 DOI: 10.1155/2012/145749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper consists of three parts. Part 1: Definition of Syndromes. Focus is given to craniofacial syndromes in which abnormal traits in the dentition are associated symptoms. In the last decade, research has concentrated on phenotype, genotype, growth, development, function, and treatment. Part 2: Syndromes before Birth. How can the initial malformation sites in these syndromes be studied and what can we learn from it? In this section, deviations observed in syndromes prenatally will be highlighted and compared to the normal human embryological craniofacial development. Specific focus will be given to developmental fields studied on animal tissue and transferred to human cranial development. Part 3: Developmental Fields Affected in Two Craniofacial Syndromes. Analysis of primary and permanent dentitions can determine whether a syndrome affects a single craniofacial field or several fields. This distinction is essential for insight into craniofacial syndromes. The dentition, thus, becomes central in diagnostics and evaluation of the pathogenesis. Developmental fields can explore and advance the concept of dental approaches to craniofacial syndromes. Discussion. As deviations in teeth persist and do not reorganize during growth and development, the dentition is considered useful for distinguishing between syndrome pathogenesis manifested in a single developmental field and in several fields.
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Holton NE, Yokley TR, Figueroa A. Nasal septal and craniofacial form in European- and African-derived populations. J Anat 2012; 221:263-74. [PMID: 22747629 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01533.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
As a component of the chondrocranium, the nasal septum influences the anteroposterior dimensions of the facial skeleton. The role of the septum as a facial growth center, however, has been studied primarily in long-snouted mammals, and its precise influence on human facial growth is not as well understood. Whereas the nasal septum may be important in the anterior growth of the human facial skeleton early in ontogeny, the high incidence of nasal septal deviation in humans suggests the septum's influence on human facial length is limited to the early phases of facial growth. Nevertheless, the nasal septum follows a growth trajectory similar to the facial skeleton and, as such, its prolonged period of growth may influence other aspects of facial development. Using computed tomography scans of living human subjects (n = 70), the goal of the present study is to assess the morphological relationship between the nasal septum and facial skeleton in European- and African-derived populations, which have been shown to exhibit early developmental differences in the nasal septal-premaxillary complex. First we assessed whether there is population variation in the size of the nasal septum in European- and African-derived samples. This included an evaluation of septal deviation and the spatial constraints that influence variation in this condition. Next, we assessed the relationship between nasal septal size and craniofacial shape using multivariate regression techniques. Our results indicate that there is significant population variation in septal size and magnitude of septal deviation, both of which are greater in the European-derived sample. While septal deviation suggests a disjunction between the nasal septum and other components of the facial skeleton, we nevertheless found a significant relationship between the size of the nasal septum and craniofacial shape, which appears to largely be a response to the need to accommodate variation in nasal septal size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan E Holton
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Fetal MRI as a complement to US in the evaluation of cleft lip and palate. Radiol Med 2011; 116:1134-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s11547-011-0683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Arnold WH, Meiselbach V. 3-D reconstruction of a human fetus with combined holoprosencephaly and cyclopia. Head Face Med 2009; 5:14. [PMID: 19563629 PMCID: PMC2709107 DOI: 10.1186/1746-160x-5-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to examine a human fetus with combined holoprosencephaly and cyclopia by means of histology and 3-D reconstruction to determine the internal structure and extent of the malformation. Methods The head from a human fetus at 20 weeks gestation and a diagnosis of holoprosencephaly and cyclopia was investigated histologically and three-dimensionally reconstructed with CAD techniques. The cranial bones, blood vessels, nerves, eye and brain anlagen were reconstructed. Results The 3-D reconstruction revealed both severe malformation and absence of the facial midline bones above the maxilla, and a malformation of the maxilla and sphenoid bone. The mandible, posterior cranial bones, cranial nerves and blood vessels were normal. A synophthalmic eye with two lenses was found. The prosencephalon was a single small protrusion above the diencephalon. No nasal cavity was present. Above the single eye a proboscis was found. Conclusion The absence of the facial midline bones above the maxilla and the presence of a proboscis as a nose-like structure above the cyclopic eye both mean that there was a developmental defect in the fronto-nasal facial process of this fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang H Arnold
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke, Alfred Herrhausenstrasse 50, 58448 Witten, Germany.
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Tabatabaie F, Sonnesen L, Kjær I. The neurocranial and craniofacial morphology in children with solitary median maxillary central incisor (SMMCI). Orthod Craniofac Res 2008; 11:96-104. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-6343.2007.00419.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Alkofide EA. The shape and size of the sella turcica in skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III Saudi subjects. Eur J Orthod 2007; 29:457-63. [PMID: 17693429 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjm049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe the shape and measure the size of the sella turcica in Saudi subjects with different skeletal types. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 180 individuals (90 males and 90 females) with an age range of 11-26 years were taken and distributed according to skeletal classification; 60 Class I, 60 Class II, and 60 Class III. The sella turcica on each radiograph was analysed and measured to determine the shape of the sella, in addition to the linear dimensions of length, depth, and diameter. A Student's t-test was used to calculate differences in linear dimensions, while a one-way analysis of variance was performed to study the relationship between skeletal type and sella size. The results show that the sella turcica presented with a normal morphology in the majority of subjects (67 per cent). No significant differences in linear dimensions between genders could be found. When age was evaluated, significant differences were found between the older (15 years or more) and the younger (11-14 years) age groups at the 0.01 and 0.001 levels for length, depth, and diameter. Sella size of the older age group was larger than in the younger age group. When skeletal type was compared with sella size, a significant difference was found in the diameter of sella between the Class II and Class III subjects (P < 0.01). Larger diameter values were present in the skeletal Class III subjects, while smaller diameter sizes were apparent in Class II subjects (multiple comparison tests). When gender, age, and skeletal type were all compared with the size of the sella (regression analyses), age was significantly related to a change of length (P < 0.01) and diameter (P < 0.001). Sella shape and dimensions reported in the current study can be used as reference standards for further investigations involving the sella turcica area in Saudi subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Alkofide
- Orthodontic Division, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Hall RK. Solitary median maxillary central incisor (SMMCI) syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2006; 1:12. [PMID: 16722608 PMCID: PMC1464380 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-1-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2006] [Accepted: 04/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Solitary median maxillary central incisor syndrome (SMMCI) is a complex disorder consisting of multiple, mainly midline defects of development resulting from unknown factor(s) operating in utero about the 35th-38th day(s) from conception. It is estimated to occur in 1:50,000 live births. Aetiology is uncertain. Missense mutation in the SHH gene (I111F) at 7q36 may be associated with SMMCI. The SMMCI tooth differs from the normal central incisor, in that the crown form is symmetric; it develops and erupts precisely in the midline of the maxillary dental arch in both primary and permanent dentitions. Congenital nasal malformation (choanal atresia, midnasal stenosis or congenital pyriform aperture stenosis) is positively associated with SMMCI. The presence of an SMMCI tooth can predict associated anomalies and in particular the serious anomaly holoprosencephaly. Common congenital anomalies associated with SMMCI are: severe to mild intellectual disability, congenital heart disease, cleft lip and/or palate and less frequently, microcephaly, hypopituitarism, hypotelorism, convergent strabismus, oesophageal and duodenal atresia, cervical hemivertebrae, cervical dermoid, hypothyroidism, scoliosis, absent kidney, micropenis and ambiguous genitalia. Short stature is present in half the children. Diagnosis should be made by eight months of age, but can be made at birth and even prenatally at 18-22 weeks from the routine mid-trimester ultrasound scan. Management depends upon the individual anomalies present. Choanal stenosis requires emergency surgical treatment. Short stature may require growth hormone therapy. SMMCI tooth itself is mainly an aesthetic problem, which is ideally managed by combined orthodontic, prosthodontic and oral surgical treatment; alternatively, it can be left untreated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger K Hall
- Department of Dentistry, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Rd Parkville, 3052 Victoria, Australia.
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Chaoui R, Levaillant JM, Benoit B, Faro C, Wegrzyn P, Nicolaides KH. Three-dimensional sonographic description of abnormal metopic suture in second- and third-trimester fetuses. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2005; 26:761-4. [PMID: 16308900 DOI: 10.1002/uog.2650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe patterns of abnormal development of the metopic suture in association with fetal malformations during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of the frontal bones and metopic suture in 11 fetuses at 17-32 weeks of gestation. Cases were selected because there were obvious abnormalities in the metopic sutures. In each case, a malformation was detected by two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound and the abnormality of the metopic suture was detected and evaluated on three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound, using transparent maximum mode. RESULTS There were essentially four patterns of abnormality in the metopic suture: firstly, delayed development with a V- or Y-shaped open suture, which is found in normal fetuses at 12-16 weeks; secondly, a U-shaped open suture, presumably due to upward growth of the frontal bones with delayed closure; thirdly, premature closure of the suture, which is normally observed after 32 weeks; fourthly, the presence of additional bone between the frontal bones. Premature closure of the suture or additional bone between the frontal bones was observed in fetuses with holoprosencephaly and abnormalities of the corpus callosum, whereas the V-, Y- and U-shaped metopic sutures were observed in fetuses with facial defects involving the orbits, nasal bones, lip, palate and mandible, in the absence of holoprosencephaly and abnormal corpus callosum. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study describes the pattern of possible abnormalities of the metopic suture and should stimulate further investigation to establish the prevalence and evolution of abnormal sutures as well as the incidence and pattern of other associated defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chaoui
- Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Human Genetics, Berlin, Germany
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