• Animal model
• Genetics
• Genome-wide association study
• Mandibular prognathism
• Single nucleotide polymorphisms
• Whole-exome sequencing

• Animals
• Humans
• Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
• Genome-Wide Association Study
• Prognathism/genetics
• Prognathism/pathology
• Genetic Predisposition to Disease
• Mandible/growth & development
• Mandible/pathology
• Disease Models, Animal
• Mice

• U23A20446 National Natural Science Foundation of China
• 82270999 National Natural Science Foundation of China
• 2023YFC2509200 National Key Research and Development Program of China
• 23ZDYF2130 Key R&D Program of Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology
• 2022SCUH0022 'From Zero to One' Innovative Research Program of Sichuan University

• WNT10A
• genetic variation
• polymorphism
• tooth agenesis

• 2022R1F1A1074271 National Research Foundation of Korea

• Ancient DNA
• Bronze age China
• Familial hypodontia
• Kinship estimation

• Humans
• China/epidemiology
• Anodontia/genetics
• Anodontia/epidemiology
• Male
• History, Ancient
• Female
• DNA, Ancient/analysis
• Cemeteries
• Prevalence

• chemotherapy
• dental anomaly
• panoramic examination

• Cephalograms
• Malocclusion
• Panoramic radiography
• Skeletal class
• Tooth agenesis

• Humans
• Female
• Male
• Molar, Third/abnormalities
• Molar, Third/diagnostic imaging
• Germany/epidemiology
• Adolescent
• Anodontia/diagnostic imaging
• Cephalometry
• Retrospective Studies
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Risk Factors
• Comorbidity
• Young Adult
• Child
• Prevalence
• Radiography, Panoramic

• Anodontia
• Congenitally missing teeth
• Hypodontia
• Inter-regional variation
• Sex differences
• Temporal variation

• Adult
• Humans
• Male
• Female
• Prevalence
• Anodontia/epidemiology
• Dentition, Permanent
• Sex Characteristics
• Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology

• Hypodontia
• Panorami cradiography
• Toothagenesis

• Dental occlusion
• Dental overbite
• Dental overjet
• Dentition
• Malocclusion
• Tooth agenesis

• Humans
• Malocclusion
• Tooth/diagnostic imaging
• Dentition, Permanent
• Malocclusion, Angle Class II/therapy
• Overbite
• Anodontia/diagnostic imaging
• Cephalometry
• Molar, Third

• congenitally missing teeth
• hypodontia
• orthodontics

• Aetiology of hypodontia
• Dental agenesis
• Hypodontia
• Management of hypodontia
• Tooth agenesis

• Dental developmental stage
• Diagnostic criteria
• Mandibular third molar
• Survival analysis
• Tooth agenesis

• Female
• Male
• Humans
• Bicuspid/diagnostic imaging
• Dental Caries
• Retrospective Studies
• Molar/diagnostic imaging
• Early Diagnosis

• Seoul National University Dental Hospital Research Fund

• agenesis
• autotransplantation
• hypodontia
• second premolars
• third molars

• Association studies
• Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis
• Other dental anomalies
• Prevalence
• Tooth agenesis

The aim of this study was 1) to investigate the prevalence and pattern of dental anomalies (DAs), 2) to compare DAs according to the type of malocclusion, and 3) to investigate the correlation between tooth impaction and other DAs in the Korean orthodontic population.

A total of 3,240 orthodontic patients were classified as Class I, Class II, or Class III malocclusion groups. The presence and location of common DAs, including impaction, microdontia, agenesis, supernumerary tooth, transposition, and fusion, were identified by examining diagnostic records. Furthermore, samples were classified as Group 1 without impaction or Group 2 with impaction. The prevalence of other DAs concurrent with impaction was investigated and compared to Group 1.

Impaction was the most prevalent DA, followed by microdontia, agenesis, and supernumerary. Class I and Class III groups showed the same order of prevalence, but agenesis was more frequent than microdontia in the Class II group. The prevalence of the four DAs was lowest in the Class III group. Overall, 8.6% of patients were classified into Group 2. The incidence of DAs other than impaction and the prevalence of multiple concurrent DAs were significantly higher in Group 2. Impaction showed a significant relationship with supernumerary tooth, transposition, and fusion.

The prevalence and pattern of DAs varied depending on the type of malocclusion. As there was a higher risk of other DAs in patients with impacted teeth, early detection of the impacted tooth and a detailed diagnosis of other possible DAs may be essential.

• Classification
• Dentofacial anomalies
• Tooth impaction

Hypodontia (tooth agenesis) is regarded as the most common congenital dental anomaly. The present review discusses the epidemiological characteristics of congenitally missing second permanent molars (CMSPMs) within a systematic review of the literature. The review was based on Pubmed library associated with the search of various scientific databases or academic resources, improved by hand search of reference lists. The terms ‘hypodontia’ or ‘anodontia’ in combination with ‘prevalence’ or ‘epidemiology’ were searched in the data sources for studies published between January 2001 and December 2020. Abstracts of non-English papers were also analyzed. The inclusion criteria were as follows: i) Study provided precise data about CMSPMs, even if no second permanent molar was reportedly missing; ii) the number of CMSPMs distributed by jaw was provided and iii) studies on subjects >3 years were used. The exclusion criteria were as follows: i) Studies on patients with history of trauma of the maxilla or the mandible, any type of syndrome affecting bone metabolism, metabolic disorders, previous extraction or tooth loss due to dental caries, cleft lip and palate; ii) studies performed on cohorts of patients with hypodontia and iii) studies reporting data including third molars, except for those that presented sufficient data to perform correct calculations. A total of 79 studies were selected, accumulating a population of 281,968 people, with an average sample size of 3,524.60±11,255.25. The prevalence of CMSPMs (IpHSPM) was 2.79±3.16% among all missing teeth (1.03±1.59% for upper CMSPMs and 1.76±2.32% for lower CMSPMs; P=0.011). There were no significant differences (P=0.250) in IpHSPM between men (1.59±1.52%) and women (2.13±1.67%). However, significant differences were recorded between continents. Furthermore, lower CMSPMs were found more frequently in orthodontic samples (P=0.033). The prevalence of CMSPMs is low compared with the overall prevalence of CM teeth. Despite the rarity of these anomalies, early detection is important to enable practitioners to plan and start treatment at the best time for optimal results.

• Dental development
• Hypodontia
• Neandertal
• Paleolithic
• Third molar

• Animals
• Anodontia
• Hominidae
• Humans
• Molar, Third/diagnostic imaging

• Canine agenesis
• Continents
• Prevalence

• Hypodontia
• Oligodontia
• Panoramic radiography
• Third molar agenesis
• Tooth loss

The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the prevalence of hypodontia in the permanent dentition among Croatian orthodontic patients. The occurrence was evaluated concerning gender, specific missing teeth, the location, pattern of distribution in the maxillary and mandibular arches and sagittal and vertical skeletal pattern.

The sample consisted of 194 patients (75 males and 119 females) from the Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb. Based on the severity of hypodontia the sample was divided into mild (1-2 missing teeth), moderate (3-5 missing teeth) and severe groups (6 or more missing teeth). The location of missing teeth was used to further divide the sample into anterior (intercanine region), posterior (premolars and molars) and anteroposterior groups. In addition, jaw localization of hypodontia was also considered.

Permanent dentition hypodontia among Croatian orthodontic patients was found to be generally mild (80%), and a distribution was similar in the maxilla (39%) and the mandible (41%), as well as in the anterior and posterior segments of dental arch (44%). The number of missing teeth per person ranged from 1 to 12, with no significant difference between genders. The severity and location of hypodontia did not differ significantly between the genders, as well as in between the categories of sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns.

Present results suggest that the treatment plan for patients with hypodontia in permanent dentition should be individualized and adjusted for each case.

• Croatia
• Hypodontia
• Permanent Dentition
• Prevalence
• Rotation Pattern

Tooth agenesis is one of the most common dental anomalies; however, the concomitant occurrence of opposite dental numerical variation of hypohyperdontia is extremely rare.

To report the successful orthodontic management of a patient with non-syndromic concomitant bilateral agenesis of mandibular canines and two midline inverted supernumerary maxillary teeth.

21-year-old female patient with a chief complaint of protrusive right maxillary central incisor. The patient was diagnosed with a mild Class II skeletal base, Angle Class III molar relationship and increased overjet associated with hypohyperdontia. Anterior open bite accompanied with tongue-thrusting habit were also observed. Two temporary anchorage devices (TADs) were implanted at the buccal side of the maxillary molar region to control vertical height. Anterior teeth retraction was done after extraction of the maxillary first premolars, to improve the excessive overjet. The treatment mechanics involved lingual brackets system for the maxillary arch and transpalatal arch for anchorage control.

The total active treatment period was 35 months. Acceptable occlusion with increased bite force and contact area as well as functional excursion were established without interference, following complex orthodontic treatment with premolar substitution. The resultant occlusion and a satisfactory facial profile were maintained after 29 months of retention.

The present case report provides implications regarding the orthodontic treatment of hypohyperdontia-associated substitution for missing teeth as an effective option for improving aesthetic and functional aspects.

• Tooth agenesis
• hypodontia
• unerupted second premolar

• Dental developmental stage
• Maxillary second premolar
• Prediction
• Survival analysis
• Tooth agenesis

• incisor
• sagittal skeletal malocclusion
• second premolar
• third molar
• tooth agenesis

Sella turcica bridging (STB) and its association with dental anomalies has been investigated and reported in literature. This is the first study that exclusively compared STB among the orthodontic patients with congenital missing maxillary lateral incisors (CMMLI) and individuals with complete dentition.

The retrospective study has recruited 49 patients with CMMLI (13 males and 36 females aged between 12 and 43 years) and 49 patients with complete dentition. Sella dimensions and association of STB with CMMLI were evaluated and the results were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

The comparison of mean diameter, length, and depth of sella between groups showed reduction in length among the CMMLI (p = 0.04). CMMLI group has shown a significant higher (p < 0.05) number of subjects (69.4%) with calcification when compared to control group (46.9%). The odds of having sella's bridging in patients with CMMLI were 2.5 times greater than patients with full set of teeth. Age showed a significant (p < 0.001) positive correlation with sella's width only in CMMLI.

Patients with CMMLI tend to have an increased frequency of STB, and decreased sella turcica length.

• Bridging
• Calcification
• Congenital
• Maxillary lateral incisors
• Sella turcica

Objective: To provide an overview on the prevalence and types of dental anomalies in patients with craniofacial microsomia (CFM). Eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria were CFM and dental anomalies. The following data were extracted: number of patients, methodology, mean age, sex, affected side, severity of mandibular hypoplasia, dentition stage and dental anomalies. Information sources: Cochrane, EMBASE, PubMed, MEDLINE Ovid, Web of Science, CINAHL EBSCOhost and Google Scholar, searched until the 30 August 2019. Risk of bias: The quality was examined with the OCEBM Levels of Evidence. Included studies: In total, 13 papers were included: four retrospective cohort studies, four prospective cohort studies, four case‐control studies and one case series. Synthesis of results: The studies reported information on dental agenesis, delayed dental development, tooth size anomalies, tooth morphology and other dental anomalies. Description of the effect: Dental anomalies are more often diagnosed in patients with CFM than in healthy controls and occur more often on the affected than on the non‐affected side. Strengths and limitations of evidence: This is the first systematic review study on dental anomalies in CFM. However, most articles were of low quality. Interpretation: Dental anomalies are common in CFM, which might be linked to the development of CFM. The pathophysiology of CFM is not entirely clear, and further research is needed.

• craniofacial microsomia
• dental anomalies
• systematic review

• Japanese orthodontic patients
• Maxillary second premolar agenesis
• Maxillary sinus size
• Posterior tooth inclination

• Chinese
• anomalies
• dental
• orthodontic
• prevalence

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the prevalence of hypodontia in a sample of dental patients, aged between seven and eleven years at University Alfonso X in Madrid (Spain).

The number of hypodontia cases and the most affected teeth were evaluated in 2500 panoramic radiographs in a random sample of dental patients consisting of 1235 females and 1265 males. We divided them according to age, number of hypodontia present in each patient (multiple or single), each side, each quadrant either in the upper jaw or in the mandible. The chi-square test (P <0.05) was used to compare the differences in agenesis among males and females.

The sample of 2500 patients who were studied consisted of 1235 women, out of which 41 presented hypodontia (3.31%) and 1265 men, out of which 46 had at least a dental absence (3.63%). There was no significant difference in the proportion of hypodontia between men and women (p> 0.05).

The percentage of total agenesis of 2500 patients studied was 3.48%.

• Anodontia
• Congenital Abnormalities
• Dentition
• Hypodontia
• Tooth

• Adverse effects
• Odontogenesis
• Survivors
• Tooth abnormalities
• Neoplasms

• Adolescent
• Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects
• Cancer Survivors
• Child
• Child, Preschool
• Female
• Humans
• Infant
• Male
• Metals, Heavy/adverse effects
• Neoplasms/complications
• Neoplasms/therapy
• Radiography, Panoramic
• Retrospective Studies
• Risk Factors
• Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects
• Tooth Diseases/diagnostic imaging
• Tooth Diseases/epidemiology
• Tooth Diseases/etiology

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the impact of heritability on third molar agenesis in twins. The study sample consisted of 284 same sex twins (172 monozygotic and 112 dizygotic), whose mean ages were 19.7 ± 4.3 and 18.9 ± 4.8 years, respectively. The monozygotic group consisted of 36.3% males and 63.7% females, while the dizygotic group consisted of 50.1% males and 49.9% females. The zygosity of the twins was established using 15 specific DNA markers. The prevalence of third molar agenesis in monozygotic twins was 19.6%, which was higher than in the dizygotic twins group (15.50%) (p = 0.004). In both groups, third molar agenesis was more frequent in the maxilla than in the mandible (p = 0.000). Agenesis of the maxillary third molars was mostly affected by additive genetic factors (62–63%), with the common environment and the specific environment accounting for up to 25% and 13%, respectively. In contrast, agenesis of the lower third molars was associated with a higher additive genetic determination (81–83%), with the specific environment accounting for 17% to 19%. The study’s conclusion is that the formation of the third molars follicle is strongly controlled by additive genetic factors.

• Hyperdontia
• Hypodontia
• children
• ethnics

• Agenesis
• Lateral incisor
• Orthodontic population
• Prevalence
• Space opening

• Anodontia
• Congenital Abnormalities
• Dentition
• Tooth

• Cleft lip and palate
• Craniofacial deformities
• Tooth agenesis

• Cephalogram
• Facial pattern
• Japanese orthodontic patients
• Skeletal morphology
• Third molar agenesis

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Anodontia/epidemiology
• Case-Control Studies
• Cephalometry
• Female
• Humans
• Japan/epidemiology
• Male
• Maxillofacial Development
• Molar, Third/abnormalities
• Risk Factors

This study aims to estimate the prevalence of congenitally missing lateral incisors in a sample of 2662 dental patients in Palestine.

A total of 2662 digital panoramic radiographs were retrospectively examined for the presence of congenitally missing permanent lateral incisors. The radiographs were obtained from the archival records of patients attending a local dental center at the city of Nablus in Palestine.

The prevalence of missing lateral incisors among the examined population (n = 2662) was found to be 1.91%. Unilateral agenesis accounted for 66.6% of the total cases that showed at least one missing lateral incisor. Around 79% of the unilateral cases were on the left side while 21% were on the right side. Bilateral agenesis accounted for 33.3% of 34 cases that had at least one congenitally missing permanent maxillary lateral incisor.

The prevalence of missing maxillary lateral incisors in this study population was 1.91%) which was within the range reported in different populations.

• Permanent maxillary lateral incisors
• Prevalence
• Retrospective
• Tooth agenesis

• Demirjian stage
• Prediction of agenesis of the mandibular second premolar
• Survival analysis

• Dental anomaly
• Malocclusion
• Orthodontics

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Cephalometry
• Child
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Malocclusion/diagnostic imaging
• Malocclusion/etiology
• Malocclusion/pathology
• Malocclusion, Angle Class I/etiology
• Malocclusion, Angle Class I/pathology
• Malocclusion, Angle Class II/etiology
• Malocclusion, Angle Class II/pathology
• Malocclusion, Angle Class III/etiology
• Malocclusion, Angle Class III/pathology
• Radiography, Dental
• Radiography, Panoramic
• Tooth Abnormalities/complications
• Tooth Abnormalities/diagnostic imaging
• Tooth Abnormalities/pathology
• Tooth, Impacted/complications
• Tooth, Impacted/pathology
• Young Adult

• Congenital absence
• Craniofacial morphology
• Hypodontia
• Third molar agenesis

• Dental agenesis
• Hypodontia
• Prevalence

• Adolescent
• Anodontia/diagnostic imaging
• Anodontia/epidemiology
• Child
• Female
• Humans
• Italy/epidemiology
• Male
• Prevalence
• Radiography, Panoramic
• Retrospective Studies
• Sex Distribution

Orthodontic treatment of a complex case that involves retained deciduous mandibular second molars with missing permanent successors is challenging. Usually, congenitally missing teeth are manifested with other dental anomalies that further complicate orthodontic treatment, such as retained deciduous teeth, impactions, transpositions and peg-shaped lateral incisors. Even though the long term prognosis of the retained deciduous tooth is not fully predictable, if the teeth are in good condition, the patient and clinician may incline towards a decision to preserve the deciduous teeth as long as possible. This case report demonstrates that deciduous teeth, in this case the mandibular second molars and maxillary canine, can be incorporated into final occlusion with clinically stable long-term results.

• Agenesis
• Stability
• Tooth impaction
• Transposition