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Almeslet AS, ALOsaimi MM, Jhugroo C, Alshammari AF, Divakar DD, Soman C. Efficacy of non-surgical mechanical debridement with and without adjunct antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of peri-implantitis among patients undergoing chemotherapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2025; 52:104476. [PMID: 39798777 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2024] [Revised: 01/04/2025] [Accepted: 01/08/2025] [Indexed: 01/15/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have shown that a single session of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an adjunct to mechanical debridement (MD) is effective for treating peri‑implant diseases. The objective was to assess the efficacy of MD with and without adjunct aPDT in treating peri‑implantitis among patients undergoing chemotherapy. METHODS Patients with peri‑implantitis were included. These individuals were divided into two groups (a) patients with peri‑implantitis undergoing chemotherapy; (b) systemically healthy patients with peri‑implantitis. These individuals were further subclassified into two subgroups: (a) individuals that received NSMD alone and (b) individuals that underwent NSMD with adjunct aPDT. Non-surgical MD was performed using plastic curettes. The aPDT was performed using a 680 nm diode laser at a power and power density of 150 mW and 1.1 mW/cm2, respectively. The photosensitizer was placed in the peri‑implant pocket and left in place for 60 s following which the laser was applied using a using an optical fiber with a diameter of 600 μm. Peri-implant modified plaque and gingival indices (mPI and mGI), probing depth (PD) and crestal bone loss (CBL) were measured at baseline and after three months. Group comparisons were performed using one way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post-hoc adjustment tests. P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS At baseline, there was no statistically significant difference in peri‑implant mPI, mGI, PD and CBL among patients undergoing chemotherapy and systemically healthy individuals with peri‑implantitis. At three months' follow up, there was no statistically significant difference in peri‑implant mPI, mGI, PD and CBL among patients undergoing chemotherapy and systemically healthy individuals with peri‑implantitis compared to their respective baseline scores. CONCLUSION Among patients undergoing chemotherapy and systemically healthy individuals, a single session of aPDT and NSMD is ineffective in the treatment of peri‑implantitis. Nevertheless, poor oral hygiene of the participants and the short-term follow-up may have influenced the results. Hence further long-term follow-up clinical trials involving multiple sessions of aPDT after MD are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Saleh Almeslet
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Malak Mohammed ALOsaimi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chitra Jhugroo
- Nano Dental and Medical Ltd, Solferino, Kistoo Lane, Vacoas, Mauritius
| | - Abdullah Faraj Alshammari
- Department of Basic Dental and Medical Science, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Darshan Devang Divakar
- Nano Dental and Medical Ltd, Solferino, Kistoo Lane, Vacoas, Mauritius; Faculty of Health Sciences JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mauritius; Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shivamogga, Karnataka 577204, India
| | - Cristalle Soman
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Aljudaibi SM, Almeslet AS. Subgingival Yeasts Species Amongst Smokers and Nonsmokers With Peri-implantitis. Int Dent J 2025; 75:960-969. [PMID: 39443261 PMCID: PMC11976623 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a dearth of studies that have assessed yeast species in the subgingival biofilm (SB) samples collected from smokers and nonsmokers with peri-implantitis. This study assesses peri-implant clinical and radiographic profiles and yeasts species in the subgingival SB of cigarette smokers and nonsmokers with peri-implantitis. METHODS Participants were divided into 3 groups: group 1, cigarette smokers with peri-implantitis; group 2, nonsmokers with peri-implantitis; and group 3, nonsmokers without peri-implantitis. Information on smoking pack-years and patient demographics was collected. Implant-related parameters were retrieved from health care records. Peri-implant modified plaque and gingival indices (mPI and mGI, respectively), probing depth (PD), and crestal bone loss (CBL) were recorded. The SB samples were collected, subgingival yeasts colonisation was recorded, and yeasts species were identified. P < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Respectively, 22, 22, and 24 individuals were included in groups 1, 2, and 3. In group 1, cigarette smokers had a smoking history of 29.7 ± 7.9 pack-years. The PD, mPI, and mesial and distal CBL were higher in groups 1 (P < .01) and 2 (P < .01) than in group 3. The mGI was higher in group 2 (P < .01) than in groups 1 and 3. The total number of implants in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 22, 22, and 24, respectively. In group 3, implants were in function for a longer duration (12.2 ± 2.3 years; P < .05) than in groups 1 (5.6 ± 1.9 years) and 2 (5.1 ± 0.7 years). Yeasts levels in CFU/mL were higher in group 1 than in groups 2 (P < .05) and 3 (P < .05); they were also higher in group 2 than in group 3 (P < .05). Candida albicans was the most isolated yeasts species, followed by Candida tropicalis, in all groups. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smokers and nonsmokers present similar peri-implant clinicoradiographic profiles, and oral yeasts (predominantly C albicans) seem to play a role in the progression of peri-implant disease in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suha Mohammed Aljudaibi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa Saleh Almeslet
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Srinivasan M, Kamnoedboon P, Papi P, Romeo U. Efficacy of non-surgical laser therapy for the management of peri-implantitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 2025; 154:105562. [PMID: 39805490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2025.105562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2024] [Revised: 01/05/2025] [Accepted: 01/07/2025] [Indexed: 01/16/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of non-surgical laser therapies compared to other treatment modalities for managing peri-implantitis and to analyze post-treatment outcomes of different interventions. DATA AND SOURCES A comprehensive search was conducted across Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), identifying 4675 studies published between January 1953 and November 2023. STUDY SELECTION A total of 15 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 540 patients and 658 implants met the inclusion criteria, with 10 studies eligible for meta-analyses. Meta-analyses revealed that Er:YAG laser therapy significantly reduced bleeding on probing (BOP) by 35.6 % (95 % CI: 17.3 % to 53.9 %; I2 = 83 %) and probing depth (PD) by 0.65 mm (95 % CI: 0.33 to 0.97; I2 = 0 %). The combination of mechanical debridement (MD) and Er,Cr:YSGG laser therapy improved PD by 1.23 mm (95 % CI: 0.76 to 1.70; I2 = 0 %) and reduced BOP by 47.3 % (95 % CI: 38.4 % to 56.1 %; I2 = 0 %). However, none of the therapies showed any significant advantage in preventing crestal bone loss (CBL). Laser therapies did not demonstrate any significant superiority over traditional therapies (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Non-surgical laser therapies, including Er:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG, Nd:YAG and diode lasers, demonstrated effectiveness in reducing inflammation and probing depths but did not consistently outperform MD alone or in combination with other treatments. The findings emphasize the need for further research and standardized protocols, as no modality significantly prevented CBL. These results provide evidence-based insights into optimizing non-surgical management strategies for peri-implantitis. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Non-surgical laser therapies demonstrate significant reductions in inflammation and probing depths in peri-implantitis treatment. However, their comparable outcomes to mechanical debridement highlight the need for further studies to establish their role and develop standardized protocols for optimized clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Srinivasan
- Clinic of General, Special Care and Geriatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Porawit Kamnoedboon
- Clinic of General, Special Care and Geriatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piero Papi
- Clinic of General, Special Care and Geriatric Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; University of Sapienza in Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Shah SD, Zheng F, Seghi RR, Lee DJ. Strength of titanium-zirconium alloy implants with a conical connection after implantoplasty. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 132:593-599. [PMID: 36150928 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Peri-implantitis occurs around dental implants, and implantoplasty has been used to address this ongoing disease; however, the changes to the physical properties of an implant after implantoplasty have not been well documented. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the effect of implantoplasty on fracture strength and the load required for plastic deformation after cyclic fatigue on dental implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-six titanium/zirconium (TiZr) alloy implants (Roxolid Bone Level Implant; 4.1×10 mm) were embedded with 50% thread exposure and divided into 4 groups based on whether they had implantoplasty treatment by using different diamond rotary instruments and/or cyclic loading at 250 N for 2 million cycles: C0 (control, no cyclic loading), T0 (test, no cyclic loading), CM (control, cyclic loading), and TM (test, cyclic loading). After implantoplasty and/or cyclic loading, all implants underwent a load-to-failure test. The maximum fracture strength (FS) and load required for the onset of plastic deformation (PD) were recorded in Newtons. One-way ANOVA and nonparametric comparisons with control by using the Dunn and Wilcoxon method for joint ranking were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The mean ±standard deviation FS for C0, CM, T0, and TM was 1465.2 ±86.4 N, 1480.7 ±64.1 N, 1299.3 ±123.8 N, and 1252.1 ±85.7 N, respectively. The mean ±standard deviation load for onset of PD for C0, CM, T0, and TM was 860.2 ±88.1 N, 797.0 ±130.5 N, 776.5 ±181.8 N, and 631.3 ±84.5 N, respectively. The TM group had a significantly lower FS and PD than the C0, CM, and T0 groups (P<.05) CONCLUSIONS: Both fracture strength (FS) and the onset of plastic deformation (PD) were significantly reduced after a TiZr alloy implant received implantoplasty and cyclic loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweety D Shah
- Former Resident, Advanced Prosthodontics Program, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio; Private practice, Charlotte, NC
| | - Fengyuan Zheng
- Associate Clinical Professor and Director, Advanced Education in Prosthodontics Program, Department of Restorative Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry; Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Robert R Seghi
- Professor Emeritus, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Damian J Lee
- Associate Professor and Director, Advanced Prosthodontics Program, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio.
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Heine N, Doll-Nikutta K, Stein F, Jakobi J, Ingendoh-Tsakmakidis A, Rehbock C, Winkel A, Barcikowski S, Stiesch M. Anti-biofilm properties of laser-synthesized, ultrapure silver-gold-alloy nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3405. [PMID: 38336925 PMCID: PMC10858226 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53782-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus biofilm-associated infections are a common complication in modern medicine. Due to inherent resilience of biofilms to antibiotics and the rising number of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, new treatment options are required. For this purpose, ultrapure, spherical silver-gold-alloy nanoparticles with homogenous elemental distribution were synthesized by laser ablation in liquids and analyzed for their antibacterial activity on different stages of S. aureus biofilm formation as well as for different viability parameters. First, the effect of nanoparticles against planktonic bacteria was tested with metabolic activity measurements. Next, nanoparticles were incubated with differently matured S. aureus biofilms, which were then analyzed by metabolic activity measurements and three dimensional live/dead fluorescent staining to determine biofilm volume and membrane integrity. It could be shown that AgAu NPs exhibit antibacterial properties against planktonic bacteria but also against early-stage and even mature biofilms, with a complete diffusion through the biofilm matrix. Furthermore, AgAu NPs primarily targeted metabolic activity, to a smaller extend membrane integrity, but not the biofilm volume. Additional molecular analyses using qRT-PCR confirmed the influence on different metabolic pathways, like glycolysis, stress response and biofilm formation. As this shows clear similarities to the mechanism of pure silver ions, the results strengthen silver ions to be the major antibacterial agent of the synthesized nanoparticles. In summary, the results of this study provide initial evidence of promising anti-biofilm characteristics of silver-gold-alloy nanoparticles and support the importance of further translation-oriented analyses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Heine
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- Lower Saxony Centre of Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Katharina Doll-Nikutta
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Centre of Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frederic Stein
- Technical Chemistry I, University of Duisburg Essen, Universitaetsstr. 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Jurij Jakobi
- Technical Chemistry I, University of Duisburg Essen, Universitaetsstr. 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Ingendoh-Tsakmakidis
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Centre of Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Rehbock
- Technical Chemistry I, University of Duisburg Essen, Universitaetsstr. 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Winkel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Centre of Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Barcikowski
- Technical Chemistry I, University of Duisburg Essen, Universitaetsstr. 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Meike Stiesch
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- Lower Saxony Centre of Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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Zhu Y, Lu H, Yang S, Liu Y, Zhu P, Li P, Waal YCMD, Visser A, Tjakkes GHE, Li A, Xu S. Predictive factors for the treatment success of peri-implantitis: a protocol for a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e072443. [PMID: 38199627 PMCID: PMC10806708 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peri-implantitis, a common biological complication of dental implant, has attracted considerable attention due to its increasing prevalence and limited treatment efficacy. Previous studies have reported several risk factors associated with the onset of peri-implantitis (eg, history of periodontitis, poor plaque control and smoking). However, inadequate data are available on the association between these risk factors and successful outcome after peri-implantitis therapy. This prospective cohort study aims to identify the local and systemic predictive factors for the treatment success of peri-implantitis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A single-centre cohort study will be conducted by recruiting 275 patients diagnosed with peri-implantitis. Sociodemographic variables, healthy lifestyles and systemic disorders will be obtained using questionnaires. In addition, clinical and radiographic examinations will be conducted at baseline and follow-up visits. Treatment success is defined as no bleeding on probing on more than one point, no suppuration, no further marginal bone loss (≥0.5 mm) and probing pocket depth ≤5 mm at the 12-month follow-up interval. After adjustment for age, sex and socioeconomic status, potential prognostic factors related to treatment success will be identified using multivariable logistic regression models. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This cohort study in its current version (2.0, 15 July 2022) is in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University (EC-CT-(2022)34). The publication will be on behalf of the study site. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR2200066262.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxi Zhu
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongye Lu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Dental Biomaterials and Devices for Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peijun Zhu
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yvonne C M De Waal
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Visser
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department for Gerodontology, College of Dental Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Geerten-Has E Tjakkes
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - An Li
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shulan Xu
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Short-term influence of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjuvant to mechanical debridement in reducing soft-tissue inflammation and subgingival yeasts colonization in patients with peri-implant mucositis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103320. [PMID: 36737030 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this short-term follow-up study was to evaluate the influence of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an adjuvant to mechanical debridement (MD) in reducing soft-tissue inflammation and subgingival yeasts colonization (SYC) in patients with peri‑implant mucositis (PiM). METHODS Individuals diagnosed with PiM were included. Demographic data was collected using a questionnaire. Peri-implant plaque index (PI), bleeding index (BI), probing depth (PD), crestal bone levels and SYC were measured at baseline. Therapeutically, these individuals were divided into test and control groups. In the control-group patients underwent MD and in the test-group patients underwent MD with adjunct single session of aPDT. Clinical peri‑implant parameters and SYC were reassessed after 12-weeks. Correlation between age, gender and duration of implants with SYC and clinical peri‑implant status was assessed using logistic regression models. P < 0.05 was selected as an indicator of statistical significance. RESULTS The test and control-groups comprised of 24 and 23 individuals, respectively. In the test and control groups, toothbrushing twice daily was reported by 7 (29.2%) and 5 (21.7%) individuals, respectively. None of the individuals had ever used a dental floss. At baseline, there was no difference in peri‑implant PI, BI, PD and CBL in the test and control groups. At follow-up, peri‑implant PI (P < 0.01), BI (P < 0.01) and PD (P < 0.01) were significantly higher in the control compared with the test-group. At baseline, SYC in the test and control groups were 1865.3 ± 403.4 CFU/ml and 1963.7 ± 512.4 CFU/ml, respectively. At 90 days' follow-up, SYC in the test and control groups were 1472 ± 202.7 and 1538.4 ± 331.7 CFU/ml, respectively. There was no significant difference in SYC in both groups when baseline values were compared with 90 days' follow-up. CONCLUSION One session of aPDT after MC with adjunct aPDT is effective in reducing soft tissue inflammation but not SYC in patients with PiM.
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Doll PW, Doll K, Winkel A, Thelen R, Ahrens R, Stiesch M, Guber AE. Influence of the Available Surface Area and Cell Elasticity on Bacterial Adhesion Forces on Highly Ordered Silicon Nanopillars. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:17620-17631. [PMID: 35664577 PMCID: PMC9161423 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Initial bacterial adhesion to solid surfaces is influenced by a multitude of different factors, e.g., roughness and stiffness, topography on the micro- and nanolevel, as well as chemical composition and wettability. Understanding the specific influences and possible interactive effects of all of these factors individually could lead to guidance on bacterial adhesion and prevention of unfavorable consequences like medically relevant biofilm formation. On this way, the aim of the present study was to identify the specific influence of the available surface area on the adhesion of clinically relevant bacterial strains with different membrane properties: Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. As model surfaces, silicon nanopillar specimens with different spacings were fabricated using electron beam lithography and cryo-based reactive ion etching techniques. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurement revealed almost defect-free highly ordered nanotopographies only varying in the available surface area. Bacterial adhesion forces to these specimens were quantified by means of single-cell force spectroscopy exploiting an atomic force microscope connected to a microfluidic setup (FluidFM). The nanotopographical features reduced bacterial adhesion strength by reducing the available surface area. In addition, the strain-specific interaction in detail depended on the bacterial cell's elasticity and deformability as well. Analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy, the obtained results on bacterial adhesion forces could be linked to the subsequent biofilm formation on the different topographies. By combining two cutting-edge technologies, it could be demonstrated that the overall bacterial adhesion strength is influenced by both the simple physical interaction with the underlying nanotopography and its available surface area as well as the deformability of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W. Doll
- Institute
of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Katharina Doll
- Department
of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Lower
Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Winkel
- Department
of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Lower
Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Richard Thelen
- Institute
of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ralf Ahrens
- Institute
of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Meike Stiesch
- Department
of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Lower
Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas E. Guber
- Institute
of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Ting M, Alluri LSC, Sulewski JG, Suzuki JB, Paes Batista da Silva A. Laser Treatment of Peri-Implantitis: A Systematic Review of Radiographic Outcomes. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10020020. [PMID: 35200245 PMCID: PMC8870827 DOI: 10.3390/dj10020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of laser therapy on radiographic bone level (RBL) changes in peri-implantitis defects. (2) Methods: A literature search with defined inclusion criteria was performed. PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched through September 2020. The evaluated primary outcomes were RBL changes. In studies that reported RBL data, corresponding secondary clinical outcomes were probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment level (CAL). (3) Results: Thirteen articles were selected for data extraction and risk of bias assessment. Eight studies showed evidence of RBL gain in the laser groups compared to baseline, but did not report the statistical significance. Eight of these 13 studies reported comparisons to control. Five of the eight studies did not show RBL gain in the laser groups compared to control. In the laser groups compared to baseline, 11 of 13 reported reduced PD, and 6 of 13 reported significantly reduced BOP. Compared to the control, eight of the eight reported reduction of PD, and three of six reported significantly reduced BOP. Statistical significance was not consistently reported. (4) Conclusions: Within the limits of this systematic review, laser treatment may promote bone gain in peri-implantitis defects, may reduce BOP and PDs, and may be comparable to mechanical therapy. However, definitive conclusions can only be made with statistically significant data, which were found lacking in the currently available studies. This systematic review was registered with the National Institute for Health Research, international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42020207972.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ting
- Think Dental Learning Institute, Paoli, PA 19301, USA
- Correspondence:
| | | | - John G. Sulewski
- The Institute for Advanced Dental Technologies, Huntington Woods, MI 48070, USA;
| | - Jon B. Suzuki
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98015, USA
- Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
| | - Andre Paes Batista da Silva
- Department of Periodontics, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
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10
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Castro JPGD, Aguiar TRDS, Tristão GC, Alves GG, Pinheiro MPF, Quinelato V, Casado PL, Romanos GE. Peri-implant health after supportive mucositis therapy is associated with increased levels of FGF-2. Braz Dent J 2021; 32:55-66. [PMID: 34877978 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202104027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF-2) levels in the peri-implant crevicular fluid throughout supportive mucositis therapy. Twenty-six participants with Branemark protocol prosthesis were divided into two groups: the control group, characterized by healthy peri-implants, and the mucositis group, presenting a diagnosis of peri-implant mucositis. All participants underwent clinical examination, radiographic analysis, prosthesis removal, and non-invasive peri-implant therapy (mechanical debridement associated with chlorhexidine 0.12%) during a period of 36 days divided into three intervals. Peri-implant crevicular fluid samples were collected at each interval in order to analyze FGF-2 levels by immuno-enzymatic assay. The control and mucositis groups showed difference in keratinized mucosa. The smaller the range of keratinized mucosa the higher susceptibility of peri-implant mucositis. Throughout the treatment intervals, participants were diagnosed in different groups indicating whether or not the non-invasive therapy was able to treat peri-implant mucositis. There was a significant difference of FGF-2 levels between groups, with the higher FGF-2 levels in the control group (p=0.01). After supportive therapy, the mucositis group showed significantly increased FGF-2 levels (p<0.01) compared to initial levels. After 36 days of supportive therapy, there was a reduction of peri-implant mucositis from 70% to 23%. Clinical and laboratory outcomes showed a clear correlation since FGF-2 levels increased after 36 days. It was concluded that the therapy protocol was effective and promoted a regenerative reaction and FGF-2 can be considered a future target for peri-implant mucositis understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Telma Regina da Silva Aguiar
- Department of Implant Dentistry Post-graduation, Fluminense Federal University - School of Dentistry - Niterói - RJ - Brazil
| | - Gilson Coutinho Tristão
- Department of Clinical dentistry, Fluminense Federal University - School of Dentistry- Niterói- RJ- Brazil
| | - Gutemberg Gomes Alves
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, Fluminense Federal University - School of Biology - Niterói- RJ- Brazil
| | | | - Valquiria Quinelato
- Department of Implant Dentistry Post-graduation, Fluminense Federal University - School of Dentistry - Niterói - RJ - Brazil
| | - Priscila Ladeira Casado
- Department of Implant Dentistry Post-graduation, Fluminense Federal University - School of Dentistry - Niterói - RJ - Brazil
| | - George E Romanos
- Stony Brook University - School of Dental Medicine - United States
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11
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Mustafa M, Alamri HM, Almokhatieb AA, Alqahtani AR, Alayad AS, Divakar DD. Effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to mechanical instrumentation in reducing counts of Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans from C-shaped root canals. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2021; 38:328-333. [PMID: 34748657 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The aim was to assess the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an adjunct to mechanical instrumentation (MI) in reducing Enterococcus faecalis (E faecalis) and Candida albicans (C albicans) counts from C-shaped root-canals. METHODS Teeth with C-shaped canals as identified on cone beam computed tomographic images were included. Following incubation with E faecalis and C albicans, samples were divided into 4 groups a four follows: Group-1: MI with adjunct aPDT; Group-2: aPDT alone; Group-3: MI alone; and Group-4: no treatment. The pulp chambers of these teeth were exposed and coronal pulp was mechanically derided using sterile endodontic excavators. Using flexible files, all canals were debrided up to size #30 K-files with intermittent irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite irrigation. In Groups 1 and 3, methylene-blue was injected in all canals and aPDT was performed using a 600 nm diode laser. Sample-size estimation was done on data from a pilot investigation and group-comparisons were done using one way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post-hoc adjustment tests. P < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Sixty periodontally hopeless mandibular second molars with C-shaped canals were included. There was a statistically significant reduction CFU/mL of E faecalis (P < .001) and C albicans (P < .001). At post-operative microbial assessments in Group-1. There was no difference CFU/mL of E faecalis and C albicans at post-operative microbial assessments in Groups 2-4. CONCLUSION MI with adjunct aPDT is more effective in reducing count of E faecalis and C albicans from C-shaped root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Mustafa
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadi Mohammed Alamri
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Almokhatieb
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Robaian Alqahtani
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Alayad
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Darshan Devang Divakar
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University (LMMU), Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
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12
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ALHarthi SS, Alamry NZ, BinShabaib MS. Effect of multiple sessions of photodynamic therapy on bone regeneration around dental implants among patients with peri-implantitis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 37:102612. [PMID: 34740836 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of multiple sessions of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on bone regeneration around dental implants among patients with peri-implantitis. METHODS Patients with peri-implantitis were included. Therapeutically, patients were randomly divided into 4 groups: (a) Group-I: Mechanical debridement (MD) alone; (b) Group-II: MD at baseline followed by a single session of adjunct a PDT; (c) Group-III: MD at baseline followed by aPDT at baseline and at 3-months of follow-up; and Group-IV: MD at baseline followed by aPDT at baseline and at 3- and 6-months of follow-up. Demographic data was collected and peri-implant clinical (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], and probing depth [PD]) and radiographic (crestal bone loss [CBL]) parameters were assessed at baseline and after 9 months. Sample-size estimation was done on data from a pilot investigation and group comparisons were done using one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post-hoc adjustment tests. Level of significance was set at P<0.01. RESULTS Twenty-two, 22, 22 and 22 patients with peri-implantitis were enrolled in groups -I, -II, -III and -IV. The mean age of individuals in groups -I, -II, -III and -IV were 59.2 ± 5.3, 60.5 ± 2.8, 59.6 ± 3.1 and 58.7 ± 0.8 years, respectively. Compared with Group-I, there was a statistically significant reduction in PI (P<0.01), GI (P<0.01) and PD (P<0.01) in all groups at 9-months follow-up. There was no significant difference in PI, GI and PD in groups -II, -III and -IV at 9-months follow-up. There was no statistically significant difference in CBL in all groups at baseline and at 9-months-follow-up. CONCLUSION The use of aPDT as an adjunct to MD reduces the severity of peri-implant mucositis but does not contribute towards bone regeneration in peri-implant osseous defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha Subhi ALHarthi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nujud Zayed Alamry
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munerah Saleh BinShabaib
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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13
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AlJasser R, Zahid M, AlSarhan M, AlOtaibi D, AlOraini S. The effect of conventional versus electronic cigarette use on treatment outcomes of peri-implant disease. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:480. [PMID: 34579704 PMCID: PMC8477469 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01784-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To compare changes in clinical periodontal parameters (gingival consistency, colour, BOP, PI, PD) and changes of salivary inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1 β, IL-6, MMP-8, TNF- α and TIMP-1 between conventional, electronic cigarette smokers and non-smokers after peri-implant treatment. Methods Study participants were grouped into three groups (i) Conventional cigarette smokers (ii) Electronic cigarette smokers and (iii) non-smokers respectively. A total of 60 adult patients aged (40–56 years) with 60 implants with active per-impantitis was included.Clinical and Biological parameters were evaluated before surgical treatment at baseline, one, six and twelve month post treatment. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to compare the distribution of the categorical while Two-way repeated analysis of variance was used to compare the mean values of quantitative outcome variables among all study groups across the 4 time points. Results A total of 60 subjects (60 implants) were selected and classified into three groups as per their smoking method 20 participants in each group with one single targeted implant diagnosis with active peri-implantitis. The gingival colour, the change was statistically significant at one year of post treatment.The gingival consistency distribution across the three groups is not statistically significant at baseline, but it is statistically significant at one-month (p = 0.001), six months (p = 0.029) and at the completion of one-year (p = 0.018) post treatment. The plaque index of 100% of non-smokers had changed to ‘0’ and 35% change in cigarettes and 30% change in electronic smokers which is statistically significant (p = 0.016).The prevalence of BOP was observed in the three groups as 72%, 76.5% and 88.9% at baseline. The mean values of PD have shown statistically significant change across the three groups over the four-time intervals of observation (p = 0.024). The comparison of mean values of IL-1 β, IL-6 and TIMP-1 has shown statistically significant change across the three groups over the four intervals of observation (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Electronic cigarette smoking was found to be most prevalent risk indicator for peri-implantitis. Compromised response of peri-implantitis treatment both clinically and biologically was found more among electronic cigarette smokers when compared to conventional cigarette smokers and non-smokers. Trial registration: This case-control study was conducted at King Saud University’s Dental College, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in accordance with “Helsinki Declaration of Human Studies” and approved by the Institutional Review Board (Reference no: 87563).
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham AlJasser
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, Dental College, King Saud University, PO Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Zahid
- Saudi Board of Periodontics Resident, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed AlSarhan
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, Dental College, King Saud University, PO Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal AlOtaibi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, Dental College, King Saud University, PO Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh AlOraini
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, Dental College, King Saud University, PO Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Al-Askar MH, Abdullatif FA, Alshihri AA, Ahmed A, Divakar DD, Almoharib H, Alzoman H. Comparison of photobiomodulation and photodynamic therapy as adjuncts to mechanical debridement for the treatment of peri-implantitis. Technol Health Care 2021; 30:389-398. [PMID: 34250918 DOI: 10.3233/thc-213062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) as adjuncts to mechanical debridement (MD) for the treatment of peri-implantitis. The present study is based on the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the peri-implant inflammatory parameters (modified plaque index [mPI], modified gingival index [mGI], probing depth [PD]) and crestal bone loss (CBL) following MD either with PBMT or PDT in patients with peri-implantitis. METHODS Forty-nine patients with peri-implantitis were randomly categorized into three groups. In Groups 1 and 2, patients underwent MD with adjunct PBMT and PDT, respectively. In Group 3, patients underwent MD alone (controls). Peri-implant inflammatory parameters were measured at baseline and 3-months follow-up. P-values < 0.01 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS At baseline, peri-implant clinicoradiographic parameters were comparable in all groups. Compared with baseline, there was a significant reduction in mPI (P< 0.001), mGI (P< 0.001) and PD (P< 0.001) in Groups 1 and 2 at 3-months follow-up. In Group 3, there was no difference in the scores of mPI, mGI and PD at follow-up. At 3-months follow-up, there was no difference in mPI, mGI and PD among patients in Groups 1 and 2. The mPI (P< 0.001), mGI (P< 0.001) and PD (P< 0.001) were significantly higher in Group 3 than Groups 1 and 2. The CBL was comparable in all groups at follow-up. CONCLUSION PBMT and PDT seem to be useful adjuncts to MD for the treatment of peri-implant soft-tissue inflammation among patients with peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour H Al-Askar
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Abdullatif
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmonem A Alshihri
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Ahmed
- Department of Dentistry, VPS Healthcare, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Laser Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Darshan Devang Divakar
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Almoharib
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Alzoman
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Ibraheem WI, S Preethanath R, Devang Divakar D, Al-Askar M, Al-Kheraif AA. Effect of tongue piercing on periodontal and peri-implant health: A cross-sectional case-control study in adults. Int J Dent Hyg 2021; 20:282-290. [PMID: 33773044 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The authors hypothesize that periodontal and peri-implant inflammatory parameters are poorer in adult patients with tongue piercing compared with controls. The aim was to assess the influence of tongue piercing on periodontal and peri-implant health status in adults. METHODS Test and control groups comprised of individuals with and without tongue piercing, respectively. A questionnaire was used to collect information about gender, age, duration of tongue piercing and implants in function, jaw location of the implant, reasoning for wearing the tongue ornament, and oral hygiene and ornament cleaning habits. Full-mouth and peri-implant plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing depth (PD) and marginal/crestal bone loss (MBL and CBL, respectively) on mesial and distal surfaces of teeth/implants were recorded. The material (plastic or metal) from which, the bar and ball-ends of the ornament were fabricated was also recorded. A p < 0.01 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Forty-eight and 49 individuals were included in the test and control groups, respectively. There was no difference in PI, GI, PD, CAL and MBL (mesial and distal) among individuals in the test and control groups. In the test group, peri-implant PI (p < 0.01), GI (p < 0.01), PD (p < 0.01) and mesial (p < 0.01) and distal (p < 0.01) CBL were significantly higher in the anterior mandible compared with implants in other jaw locations. In the control group, there was no difference in peri-implant PI, GI, PD and CBL around implants placed in both jaws. CONCLUSION Wearing tongue piercings could increase the risks of periodontal and peri-implant diseases particularly in the mandibular anterior segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael I Ibraheem
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reghunathan S Preethanath
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Darshan Devang Divakar
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Al-Askar
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Kheraif
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Cheung MC, Hopcraft MS, Darby IB. Dentists' preferences in implant maintenance and hygiene instruction. Aust Dent J 2021; 66:278-288. [PMID: 33538341 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the preferences of dentists in Australia in providing professional implant maintenance and implant-specific oral hygiene instructions (OHI). METHODS General dentists were surveyed online about their preferences in peri-implant diagnostics, maintenance provision, armamentarium used, and implant OHI techniques and frequency. RESULTS Most of the 303 respondents (96%) provided maintenance services; 87.6% reviewed implants regularly while 10.7% only performed diagnostics after detecting clinical signs/symptoms. Supragingival prosthesis cleaning was performed by 77.9% of respondents, 35.0% performed subgingival debridement, 41.9% treated peri-implant mucositis and 18.2% treated peri-implantitis. About 15% did not treat nor refer peri-implant disease, including significantly more non-implant providers and dentists without implant training. Maintenance armamentarium commonly included floss (76.3%), prophylaxis (73.9%), plastic curettes (43.3%) and stainless-steel ultrasonics (38.0%). Brushing (86.5%), flossing (73.9%) and interdental brush use (68.3%) were most commonly recommended. Implant OHI was repeated routinely by 57.4% of dentists who provided it. Dentists with greater implant training and experience were more likely to perform reviews and complex maintenance procedures. CONCLUSIONS Peri-implant diagnostics performed, treatments provided and armamentarium varied among dentists. Implant providers and those with higher levels of training had more preventative approaches to implant OHI. Possible shortcomings in disease management and OHI reinforcement were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Cheung
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - M S Hopcraft
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - I B Darby
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Alqahtani F, AlShaikh M, Mehmood A, Alqhtani N, Alkhtani F, AlEnazi A. Efficacy of antibiotic versus probiotics as adjuncts to mechanical debridement for managing peri-implant mucositis. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2021; 48:99-104. [PMID: 33450748 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-20-00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to compare the efficiency of probiotic (PT) versus antibiotic therapy (AT) as adjuvants to non-surgical-mechanical debridement (NSMD) in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis (Pi-M). Volunteers with Pi-M were encompassed. Therapeutically, patients were randomly divided into 3-groups: (a) Group-1: NSMD + PT; (b) Group-2: NSMD + AT; and (c) Group-3: NSMD alone. Peri-implant plaque index (P.I), bleeding on probing (B.O.P), probing depth (P.D) and crestal-bone-loss (C.B.L) were recorded at baseline and at 3-and 6-months follow-up. P<0.05 was selected as the indicator of statistical significance. Forty-two male individuals (14, 14 and 14 in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively) were included. At 3- and 6-months of follow-up, P.I (P<0.01), B.O.P (P<0.01) and P.D (P<0.01) were higher in Group-2 than Group-1. At 3-months of follow-up, P.I (P<0.01), B.O.P (P<0.01) and P.D (P<0.01) were higher in Group-3 than Group-2. At 6-months of follow-up, P.I, B.O.P and P.D were comparable in groups 2 and 3. In Group-3, P.I, B.O.P and P.D were comparable with the respective baseline values at 6-months of follow-up. The C.B.L in all groups remained unchanged up to 6-months of follow-up. The NSMD with adjuvant PT is more effective than adjunct AT in the treatment of Pi-M for up to 3-months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz Alqahtani
- Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Associate professor Prosthodontics Al-Kharj SAUDI ARABIA Al-Kharj Al-Kharj 92354 9734209102 Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University
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Role of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in reducing whole salivary oral yeasts colonization in type-2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients with and without dental implants. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 33:102183. [PMID: 33454393 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to assess the impact of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in reducing whole salivary oral yeasts colonization in type-2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients with dental implants. METHODS Type-2 diabetic and self-reported non-diabetic patients were included. Participants were divided into the following groups: Group-1: Type-2 diabetic patients with dental implants; Group-2: Non-diabetic patients with dental implants; Group-3: Type-2 diabetic patients without dental prostheses; Group-4: Non-diabetic patients without dental prostheses. In each group, participants were subdivided into 2-sub-groups. In the test-subgroup, participants received routine oral hygiene maintenance instructions (OHMI) and underwent full mouth disinfection using aPDT; and in the control-group, participants received OHMI alone. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected, hemoglobin A1c levels were measured and yeast colonization was assessed at baseline and at 3-months' follow-up in all groups. Sample-size estimation was done and group-comparisons were done. P-values <0.01 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS At baseline, the mean oral yeasts colonization was significantly higher among patients in Group-1 (P < 0.001) and 3 (P < 0.001) compared with individuals in groups 2 (P < 0.001) and 4 (P < 0.001). At baseline and at 3-months of follow-up, the mean HbA1c levels and oral yeasts colonization were significantly higher among patients in Group-1 (P < 0.001) and 3 (P < 0.001) compared with individuals in groups 2 (P < 0.001) and 4 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In the short-term, routine OHMI with adjunct aPDT is more effective in reducing whole salivary oral yeasts counts than OHMI alone in patients with and without dental implants.
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19
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Abuderman AWA, Muzaheed. Antibacterial effectiveness of scaling and root planing with and without photodynamic therapy against Campylobacter rectus counts in the oral biofilm of patients with periodontitis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 33:102170. [PMID: 33401024 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is hypothesized that scaling and root planning (SRP) with adjunct photodynamic therapy (PDT) is more effective in reducing Campylobacter rectus (C. rectus) from the oral biofilm (OB) among patients with periodontitis, than SRP alone. The objective was to compare the effectiveness of SRP with and without adjunct PDT in reducing OB C. rectus counts of patients with periodontitis. METHODS Chronic gastritis patients diagnosed with periodontitis were included. Therapeutically, the patients were divided into 2-groups. Patients in the test- and control-groups underwent SRP with and without adjunct PDT, respectively. In both groups, full-mouth plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and marginal bone loss (MBL) were measured and subgingival OB counts of C. rectus were measured at baseline and 12-weeks after treatment. Data normality was assessed and group-comparisons were done using the paired t-test and Man-Whitney U tests. A type-1 error rate of 5 % was used. RESULTS Thirty patients with periodontitis were included. All patients had Grade-B/Stage-II periodontitis. All participants were male with no significant difference in age. At baseline PI, BOP, PD and MBL were comparable in both groups. Counts of C. rectus in the subgingival OB samples were similar in both groups at baseline. At 12-weeks of follow-up, PI (P < 0.01), GI (P < 0.01) and PD (P < 0.01) were significantly higher in the control- compared with the test-group compared with baseline. The percentages of C. rectus -positive individuals were higher in the control- than the test-group at 12-weeks' (P < 0.01). At 12-weeks' follow-up the percentages of C. rectus -positive patients were comparable with their respective baseline percentages in the control-group. CONCLUSION Compared with SRP alone, adjuvant use of PDT is more efficient in eliminating C. rectus in the OB and reducing clinical parameters in patients with grade-B/Stage-II periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wahab Ali Abuderman
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muzaheed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Boyce RA. Prosthodontic Principles in Dental Implantology: Adjustments in a Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic-Battered Economy. Dent Clin North Am 2021; 65:135-165. [PMID: 33213707 PMCID: PMC8180388 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
More patients are requesting fixed prosthesis to replace missing teeth. More than 5 million dental implants are placed annually in the United States. This number will decrease in 2020 owing to the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic. The edentulous patient has a decreased quality of life. Prosthodontic rehabilitation/reconstruction of edentulism improves overall quality of life. Patient-reported outcome measures are subjective reports of patients' perceptions of their oral health status and the impact that it has on their quality of life. This chapter contains a variety of prosthodontic principles for the reader to help satisfy the needs and expectations of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Boyce
- The Brooklyn Hospital Center, 121 Dekalb Avenue, Box 187, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; New York University, College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA.
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Alqahtani F, Alshaikh M, Mehmood A, Alqhtani N, Alkhtani F, Alenazi A. Role of probiotics for the treatment of peri-implant mucositis in patients with and without type-2 diabetes mellitus. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2020; 48:37-42. [PMID: 33270879 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-20-00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis was that probiotic therapy (PT) does not offer additional benefits to mechanical debridement (MD) for treatment of diabetic subjects with peri-implant mucositis (PM). This study compared the influence of PT as an adjunct to MD for the treatment of PM in type2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients over a 12-month follow-up period. Patients with and without type-2 diabetes were encompassed. Based upon treatment-procedure, PM patients were categorized into 2 groups: (a) Non-surgical + PT; and (b) Group-2: Non-surgical MD alone. Demographics and education statuses were recorded. Gingival (GI) and plaque (PI) indices, crestal bone loss (CBL) and probing depth (PD were measured at baseline and after 6- and 12-months. Significant differences were detected with P<0.01. The HbA1c was significantly higher in diabetic patients at all time durations than patients without type-2 diabetes (P<0.001). Baseline GI, PI, PD and CBL) were comparable in all groups. In patients with type-2-diabetes, there was no difference in PI, GI, PD and CBL at 6- and 12-months' follow-up. In patients without type-2 diabetes, there was a significant reduction in PI (P<0.01), GI (P<0.01), and PD (P<0.01) at 6-months and 1-year follow-up than their values at baseline. In patients without type-2 diabetes, MD with or without adjunct PT reduces soft tissue inflammatory parameters in patients with PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz Alqahtani
- Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Associate professor Prosthodontics Al-Kharj SAUDI ARABIA Al-Kharj Al-Kharj 92354 9734209102 Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University
| | - Maha Alshaikh
- General Dental Practitioner, Private-sector, Riyadh, SaudiArabia
| | | | - Nasser Alqhtani
- Dept of oral and maxillofacial surgery and diagnostic sciences, college of dentistry, Prince Sattam. Bin. Abdulaziz.University, Al.Kharj 11942, SaudiArabia
| | - Fahad Alkhtani
- Dept of Prosthodontics, college of dentistry, PrinceSattambinAbdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, SaudiArabia
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Fraga RS, Antunes LAA, Fialho WLS, Valente MI, Gomes CC, Fontes KBFC, Antunes LS. Do Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy and Low-Level Laser Therapy Minimize Postoperative Pain and Edema After Molar Extraction? J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 78:2155.e1-2155.e10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Kormas I, Pedercini C, Pedercini A, Raptopoulos M, Alassy H, Wolff LF. Peri-Implant Diseases: Diagnosis, Clinical, Histological, Microbiological Characteristics and Treatment Strategies. A Narrative Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110835. [PMID: 33266370 PMCID: PMC7700146 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the use of dental implants is continuously increasing, it is imperative for dental practitioners to understand the nature and treatment of peri-implant diseases. The purpose of this manuscript is to comprehensively review peri-implant diseases, their characteristics, as well as their non-surgical and surgical treatment. To that end, the current literature was searched and a narrative review was conducted. It is essential that the case definitions described in the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases and Conditions are used to diagnose and classify peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. While recent epidemiologic studies on peri-implant diseases exist, there is great heterogeneity in the definition of these conditions. Several risk factors and indicators are reported in the literature, with smoking and diabetes being the most universally accepted. In peri-implant mucositis, non-surgical treatment seems to be sufficient. However, for the treatment of peri-implantitis, a surgical approach, which includes open-flap debridement, apically positioned flap and guided bone regeneration, is considered more appropriate. A great variety of adjuncts to mechanical treatment have been reported with controversial results. Finally, studies comparing results from different peri-implantitis treatments are warranted in randomized controlled clinical trials in order to provide stronger evidence-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kormas
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (A.P.); (M.R.); (H.A.); (L.F.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-585-298-4698
| | - Chantal Pedercini
- School of Oral Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Pedercini
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (A.P.); (M.R.); (H.A.); (L.F.W.)
| | - Michail Raptopoulos
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (A.P.); (M.R.); (H.A.); (L.F.W.)
| | - Hatem Alassy
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (A.P.); (M.R.); (H.A.); (L.F.W.)
| | - Larry F. Wolff
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (A.P.); (M.R.); (H.A.); (L.F.W.)
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Al Hafez ASS, Ingle N, alshayeb AA, Tashery HM, Alqarni AAM, Alshamrani SH. Effectiveness of mechanical debridement with and without adjunct antimicrobial photodynamic for treating peri-implant mucositis among prediabetic cigarette-smokers and non-smokers. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101912. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Javed F, Lau J, Delgado-Ruiz R, Romanos GE. In-vitro evaluation of the primary stability of multiple condensing thread designed implants placed by novice and experienced clinicians. SURGERY IN PRACTICE AND SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sipas.2020.100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Glow Discharge Plasma Treatment on Zirconia Surface to Enhance Osteoblastic-Like Cell Differentiation and Antimicrobial Effects. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13173771. [PMID: 32859067 PMCID: PMC7503232 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is the pathological condition of connective tissue inflammation and the progressive loss of supporting bone around dental implants. One of the primary causes of peri mucositis evolving into peri-implantitis is bacterial infection, including infection from Porphyromonas gingivalis. Enhancing the surface smoothness of implants helps to prevent P. gingivalis adhesion to the implant’s surface. Interaction analyses between bacteria and the surface roughness of zirconia (Zr) discs subjected to a glow discharge plasma (GDP) treatment compared with non-plasma-treated autoclaved control Zr discs were done. Examinations of the material prosperities revealed that the GDP-treated Zr group had a smoother surface for a better wettability. The GDP-treated Zr discs improved the proliferation of the osteoblast-like cells MG-63, and the osteoblastic differentiation was assessed through alkaline phosphatase detection and marker gene bone sialoprotein (Bsp) and osteocalcin (OC) induction. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated a relatively low P. gingivalis adhesion on GDP-treated Zr disks, as well as lower colonization of P. gingivalis compared with the control. Our findings confirmed that the GDP treatment of Zr discs resulted in a significant reduction of P. gingivalis adhesion and growth, demonstrating a positive correlation between surface roughness and bacteria adhesion. Therefore, the GDP treatment of Zr dental implants can provide a method for reducing the risk of peri-implantitis.
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Screven R, Noureldine MHA, Krafft PR, Alikhani P. Expandable Titanium Cages in the Emergent Treatment of Severe Spinal Deformity Secondary to Osteomyelitis: A Series of Three Complex Cases. Asian J Neurosurg 2020; 15:397-404. [PMID: 32656140 PMCID: PMC7335120 DOI: 10.4103/ajns.ajns_28_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature lacks robust evidence on the benefits versus risks of instrumenting and fusing the spinal column in the setting of active osteomyelitis. We report three patients with vertebral osteomyelitis and subsequent severe and complex kyphotic deformities. Patients 1 and 2 had previous instrumentation that required revision because of hardware failure in the thoracic and thoracolumbar regions, respectively. Patient 3 developed a severe cervical kyphotic deformity at 2 months after being diagnosed and treated with antibiotics for osteomyelitis, necessitating emergent instrumentation and fusion. All the three patients are doing very well so far. Spinal instrumentation and fusion for correction of kyphotic deformity is sometimes necessary in the context of active osteomyelitis and should be done emergently and without hesitation when spinal cord injury from spinal instability is of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Screven
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tampa General Hospital, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, USA
| | - Mohammad Hassan A Noureldine
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Brain Protection Sciences, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - Paul R Krafft
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tampa General Hospital, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, USA
| | - Puya Alikhani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tampa General Hospital, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, USA
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Kotsailidi EA, Michelogiannakis D, Al-Zawawi AS, Javed F. Surgical or non-surgical treatment of peri-implantitis — what is the verdict?,. SURGERY IN PRACTICE AND SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sipas.2020.100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
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Heyman O, Horev Y, Koren N, Barel O, Aizenbud I, Aizenbud Y, Brandwein M, Shapira L, Hovav A, Wilensky A. Niche Specific Microbiota-Dependent and Independent Bone Loss around Dental Implants and Teeth. J Dent Res 2020; 99:1092-1101. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034520920577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral mucosal homeostasis is achieved by complex immunologic mechanisms, orchestrating host immunity to adapt to the physiologic functions of the various specialized niches in the oral cavity. Dental implants introduce a novel mucosal niche to the immune system to deal with. Nevertheless, the immune mechanisms engaged toward implants and whether they have broader effects are not well defined. Using a murine model, we found an accumulation of neutrophils and RANKL-expressing T and B lymphocytes in the implant-surrounding mucosa, accompanied by local bone loss. Surprisingly, the presence of implants had an impact on remote periodontal sites, as elevated inflammation and accelerated bone loss were detected in intact distant teeth. This was due to microbial dysbiosis induced by the implants, since antibiotic treatment prevented bone loss around teeth. However, antibiotic treatment failed to prevent the loss of implant-supporting bone, highlighting the distinct mechanisms mediating bone loss at each site. Further analysis revealed that implants induced chronic lymphocyte activation and increased mRNA expression of IFN-α and accumulation of IFN-α–producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells, which we previously reported as bone-destructive immune responses. Collectively, this study demonstrates that implants have a strong and broad impact on oral mucosal homeostasis, inducing periodontal bone loss in a niche-specific manner that is both microbiota dependent and independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Heyman
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Y. Horev
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - N. Koren
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - O. Barel
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - I. Aizenbud
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Y. Aizenbud
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M. Brandwein
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - L. Shapira
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A.H. Hovav
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A. Wilensky
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Cheung MC, Hopcraft MS, Darby IB. Dental implant maintenance teaching in Australia-A survey of education providers. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2020; 24:310-319. [PMID: 31977128 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Implant treatments and peri-implant maintenance continue apace, while the evidence for implant maintenance and home hygiene continues to be developed. Information sources for dental practitioners and patients in peri-implant health maintenance and disease management are generally not known. This study investigated the implant maintenance topics taught, the discipline backgrounds of convenors and presenters and information delivery methods within implant dentistry teaching in Australia. MATERIALS AND METHODS An online survey was distributed to 56 convenors of implant dentistry and maintenance education programmes in Australia, garnering responses from 24 individuals which outlined 43 different education programmes. RESULTS Lectures were the main delivery method for implant maintenance information across the different course types. Peri-implant diagnostics were generally taught according to current literature recommendations, but coverage varied in topics where the evidence is yet to be established (eg home hygiene, professional maintenance and implant review). Some educators reported awareness of limitations in their programmes. CONCLUSION Implant dentistry education programmes in Australia vary widely in teaching implant maintenance, coverage of which should be current and evidence-based at all education levels. The structure of implant dentistry teaching at the continuing professional development level requires further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique C Cheung
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew S Hopcraft
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ivan B Darby
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Alqahtani F. Role of oral yeasts in the etiopathogenesis of peri-implantitis: An evidence-based literature review of clinical studies. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 111:104650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Liang J, Peng X, Zhou X, Zou J, Cheng L. Emerging Applications of Drug Delivery Systems in Oral Infectious Diseases Prevention and Treatment. Molecules 2020; 25:E516. [PMID: 31991678 PMCID: PMC7038021 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is a unique complex ecosystem colonized with huge numbers of microorganism species. Oral cavities are closely associated with oral health and sequentially with systemic health. Many factors might cause the shift of composition of oral microbiota, thus leading to the dysbiosis of oral micro-environment and oral infectious diseases. Local therapies and dental hygiene procedures are the main kinds of treatment. Currently, oral drug delivery systems (DDS) have drawn great attention, and are considered as important adjuvant therapy for oral infectious diseases. DDS are devices that could transport and release the therapeutic drugs or bioactive agents to a certain site and a certain rate in vivo. They could significantly increase the therapeutic effect and reduce the side effect compared with traditional medicine. In the review, emerging recent applications of DDS in the treatment for oral infectious diseases have been summarized, including dental caries, periodontitis, peri-implantitis and oral candidiasis. Furthermore, oral stimuli-responsive DDS, also known as "smart" DDS, have been reported recently, which could react to oral environment and provide more accurate drug delivery or release. In this article, oral smart DDS have also been reviewed. The limits have been discussed, and the research potential demonstrates good prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases& West China School of Stomatology& National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.L.); (X.P.); (X.Z.)
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases& West China School of Stomatology& National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.L.); (X.P.); (X.Z.)
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Inflammatory cytokine profiles in the crevicular fluid around clinically healthy dental implants compared to the healthy contralateral side during the early stages of implant function. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 108:104509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Han Q, Jiang Y, Brandt BW, Yang J, Chen Y, Buijs MJ, Crielaard W, Cheng L, Deng D. Regrowth of Microcosm Biofilms on Titanium Surfaces After Various Antimicrobial Treatments. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2693. [PMID: 31824464 PMCID: PMC6886480 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Our aim of this work was to investigate the regrowth of implant-related biofilms after various antimicrobial treatments in vitro. Methods: Saliva-derived microcosm biofilms were grown on titanium discs in an active attachment model. Treatments including hydrogen peroxide (HP), citric acid (CA), chlorhexidine (CHX), and distilled water (control), at different concentrations, were applied to 2-day biofilms for 1 or 5 min. The viability, lactic acid production, and composition of the biofilms were followed for 3 days. The biofilm composition was analyzed by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Results: The short treatments of CA, CHX, and HP resulted in a 2-3 log reduction in biofilm viability and lactic acid production immediately. However, both parameters returned to the pre-treatment level within 2 days due to biofilm regrowth. The alpha diversity of the regrown biofilms in antimicrobial-treated groups tended to decrease, whereas the diversity of those in water-treated group increased. The composition of the regrown biofilms altered compared to those before treatments. Streptococcus and Enterobacteriaceae were enriched in the regrown biofilms. Conclusions: Although the antimicrobial treatments were efficient, the multi-species biofilms were indeed able to regrow within 2 days. The regrown biofilms display an altered microbial diversity and composition, which in the oral cavity may lead to an aggressive infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pathology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yaling Jiang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodonics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bernd W Brandt
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jingmei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pathology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mark J Buijs
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wim Crielaard
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodonics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongmei Deng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Abstract
The oral cavities of tobacco smokers and users of smokeless tobacco products are exposed to high concentrations of nicotine. A limited number of animal studies have assessed the effect of nicotine on osseointegration. Results from experimental studies have reported a statistically significant decrease, at 4 weeks of follow-up, in bone-to-implant contact among rats exposed to nicotine compared with unexposed rats. Nicotine increases the production of inflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) by osteoblasts. Waterpipe, pipe, and cigarette smokers are at increased risk of developing oral cancer, periodontal disease, and alveolar bone loss. One explanation for this is that smokers (regardless of the type of tobacco product) are exposed to similar chemicals, such as nicotine, tar, oxidants, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide. Moreover, raised levels of proinflammatory cytokines have been identified in the gingival crevicular fluid of cigarette smokers with peri-implant diseases. Therefore, it is hypothesized that nicotine and chemicals in tobacco smoke induce a state of oxidative stress in peri-implant tissues (gingiva and alveolar bone), thereby increasing the likelihood of peri-implant disease development via an inflammatory response, which if left uncontrolled, will result in implant failure/loss. In this regard, tobacco smoking (including cigarettes, waterpipe, and pipe) is a significant risk factor for peri-implant diseases. The impact of vaping electronic cigarettes using nicotine-containing e-juices remains unknown. Habitual use of smokeless tobacco products is associated with oral inflammatory conditions, such as oral precancer, cancer, and periodontal disease. However, the effect of habitual use of smokeless tobacco products on the success and survival of dental implants remains undocumented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Javed
- Eastman Institute of Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Georgios E Romanos
- Eastman Institute of Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, Dental School, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Fernandes G, Vanyo ST, Alsharif SBA, Andreana S, Visser MB, Dziak R. Strontium Effects on Human Gingival Fibroblasts. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2019; 45:274-280. [DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-18-00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Strontium is a naturally occurring alkaline earth metal that has been shown to be useful not only in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis but also in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity in the oral cavity; strontium is also an effective cariostatic, antiplaque, antigingivitis agent. Relatively little is known, however, about the effects of strontium on gingival fibroblasts. The purpose of the present investigation was to conduct in vitro studies on the potential for strontium to positively affect the activity of these cells such that it might be effective in the enhancement of gingival attachment to surfaces, such as healing abutments in implants in the oral cavity. The results indicate that strontium added as strontium citrate (0.5–1.0 mM), both in the absence and presence of a healing abutment, increases human gingival cell activity and decreases apoptosis in these cells. Scanning electron microscopy studies also reveal that the addition of strontium increases attachment of gingival fibroblasts to the surfaces of healing abutments. These studies provide the basis for further investigations on the use of strontium in the prevention and treatment of peri-implantitis by maximizing the formation of a peri-implant soft-tissue barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Fernandes
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Stephen T. Vanyo
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | | | - Sebastiano Andreana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Michelle B. Visser
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Rosemary Dziak
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
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Patil S, Singh N. Antibacterial silk fibroin scaffolds with green synthesized silver nanoparticles for osteoblast proliferation and human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 176:150-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Antimicrobial Efficacy of Materials Used for Sealing the Implant Abutment Screw Hole: An In Vitro Evaluation. IMPLANT DENT 2017; 26:911-914. [PMID: 29084027 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of materials (gutta percha [GP], polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE] tape, and vinyl polysiloxane [VP]) used for sealing the implant abutment screw hole (IASH). METHODS Sixty implants with a Morse cone connection were used. The implants were randomly divided into 3 groups (20 implants/group). In groups 1, 2, and 3, the IASH was sealed with GP, PTFE, and VP, respectively. Unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) was used as a contaminant medium for the incubation of the specimens. After 7 days of incubation, the specimens were opened under aseptic conditions, and the contents of the inner parts of the IASH were collected using sterile microbrushes. The occurrence of microbial leakage through the screw access channel interface was assessed with the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Among samples in groups 1, 2, and 3, the UWS collected before incubation showed no statistically significant differences in relation to the prevalence of species investigated. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, and Candida albicans were isolated from group 1 than groups 2 and 3. CONCLUSION The choice of material for sealing the IASH is entirely dependent on the operators' choice and experience.
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Tecco S, Grusovin MG, Sciara S, Bova F, Pantaleo G, Capparé P. The association between three attitude-related indexes of oral hygiene and secondary implant failures: A retrospective longitudinal study. Int J Dent Hyg 2017; 16:372-379. [DOI: 10.1111/idh.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Tecco
- Dental School; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele; Milan Italy
| | - MG Grusovin
- Dental School; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University; Milan Italy
| | - S Sciara
- UniSR-Social Lab (Research Methods); Faculty of Psychology; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University; Milan Italy
| | - F Bova
- Center for Oral Hygiene and Prevention; Dental School; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele; Milan Italy
| | - G Pantaleo
- UniSR-Social Lab (Research Methods); Faculty of Psychology; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University; Milan Italy
| | - P Capparé
- Dental School; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele; Milan Italy
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Wiedmer D, Petersen FC, Lönn-Stensrud J, Tiainen H. Antibacterial effect of hydrogen peroxide-titanium dioxide suspensions in the decontamination of rough titanium surfaces. BIOFOULING 2017; 33:451-459. [PMID: 28524724 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2017.1322585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The chemical decontamination of infected dental implants is essential for the successful treatment of peri-implantitis. The aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial effect of a hydrogen peroxide-titanium dioxide (H2O2-TiO2) suspension against Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms. Titanium (Ti) coins were inoculated with a bioluminescent S. epidermidis strain for 8 h and subsequently exposed to H2O2 with and without TiO2 nanoparticles or chlorhexidine (CHX). Bacterial regrowth, bacterial load and viability after decontamination were analyzed by continuous luminescence monitoring, live/dead staining and scanning electron microscopy. Bacterial regrowth was delayed on surfaces treated with H2O2-TiO2 compared to H2O2. H2O2-based treatments resulted in a lower bacterial load compared to CHX. Few viable bacteria were found on surfaces treated with H2O2 and H2O2-TiO2, which contrasted with a uniform layer of dead bacteria for surfaces treated with CHX. H2O2-TiO2 suspensions could therefore be considered an alternative approach in the decontamination of dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wiedmer
- a Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Dentistry , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | | | | | - Hanna Tiainen
- a Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Dentistry , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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Efficacy of photodynamic therapy in the inactivation of oral fungal colonization among cigarette smokers and non-smokers with denture stomatitis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 18:50-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.01.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Role of mechanical curettage with and without adjunct antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis in cigarette smokers: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 18:331-334. [PMID: 28457847 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present 12-weeks follow-up randomized clinical trial was to investigate the outcome of mechanical curettage (MC) with or without adjunct antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis in cigarette smokers. METHODS Therapeutically, subjects with peri-implant mucositis were divided into 2 groups: (a) Group-A: MC+aPDT; and (b) Group-B: MC alone (control group). In both groups, peri-implant plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing pocket depth (PPD) were gauged at baseline and after 12-weeks follow-up. Group comparisons were performed using the Kruskall-Wallis test. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Fifty-four male patients (28 in Group-A and 26 in Group-B) were included. The mean age of individuals in groups A and B were 50.6±0.8 and 52.2±0.5years, respectively. In groups A and B the participants were smoking 16.5±2.7 and 14.2±1.7 cigarettes daily since 25.2±6.5 and 24.6±4.3years, respectively. Periimplant PI, BOP and PPD were comparable among individuals in both groups at baseline. At 12-weeks follow-up, there was a significant reduction in PI (P<0.001) and PPD (P<0.001) among patients in groups A and B compared with their respective baseline values. At 12-weeks follow-up, PI (P<0.001) and PPD (P<0.001) were significantly higher among patients in Group-B compared with Group-A (P<0.001). BOP was comparable in both groups at baseline and at 12-weeks follow-up. CONCLUSION In cigarette smokers, MC with adjunct aPDT is more effective in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis compared with MC alone.
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Al-Sowygh ZH. Efficacy of periimplant mechanical curettage with and without adjunct antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in smokeless-tobacco product users. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 18:260-263. [PMID: 28347865 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an adjuvant to mechanical curettage (MC) in the treatment of periimplant mucositis in smokeless tobacco (ST) product users. METHODS Forty-eight ST product users with periimplant mucositis were randomly divided into 2 groups. In the test-group, participants underwent periimplant MC with adjunct aPDT; and in the control-group, the patients underwent MC alone. Periimplant plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing depth (PD) were measured at baseline and after 3-months of follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Level of significance was set at P<0.05. RESULTS At baseline, periimplant PI, BOP and PD were comparable among individuals in the test- and control groups. At 3-months follow-up, scores of periimplant PI (P<0.05), BOP (P<0.05) and PD (P<0.05) were statistically significantly higher among patients in the control-group compared with the test-group. At 3-months follow-up, the percentages of sites of PI, BOP and PD were statistically significantly higher in the control-sites as compared to the test-sites. CONCLUSION Among patients with periimplant mucositis, MC with adjunct aPDT is more effective in reducing periimplant inflammation in ST product users as compared to MC alone; however, the present result should be interpreted with caution as they were based on a short-term follow-up. Further long-term studies are needed in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyad H Al-Sowygh
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Doll K, Fadeeva E, Schaeske J, Ehmke T, Winkel A, Heisterkamp A, Chichkov BN, Stiesch M, Stumpp NS. Development of Laser-Structured Liquid-Infused Titanium with Strong Biofilm-Repellent Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:9359-9368. [PMID: 28229593 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Medical implants are commonly used in modern medicine but still harbor the risk of microbial infections caused by bacterial biofilms. As their retrospective treatment is difficult, there is a need for biomedical materials that inhibit bacterial colonization from the start without using antibacterial agents, as these can promote resistance development. The promising concept of slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) possesses enormous potential for this purpose. In the present study, this principle was applied to titanium, a common material in implantology, and its biofilm-repellent properties were demonstrated. To simplify prospective approval of the medical device and to avoid chemical contamination, surface structuring was performed by ultrashort pulsed laser ablation. Four different structures (hierarchical micro- and nanosized spikes, microsized grooves, nanosized ripples, and unstructured surfaces) and five infusing perfluoropolyethers of different viscosities were screened; the best results were obtained with the biomimetic, hierarchical spike structure combined with lubricants of medium viscosities (20-60 cSt at 37 °C, 143 AZ, and GPL 104). The surfaces exhibited extremely low contact angle hysteresis, as is typical for liquid-infused materials and a reliable 100-fold reduction of human oral pathogen Streptococcus oralis biofilms. This characteristic was maintained after exposure to shear forces and gravity. The titanium SLIPS also inhibited adherence of human fibroblasts and osteoblasts. Toxicity tests supported the explanation that solely the surface's repellent properties are responsible for the vigorous prevention of the adhesion of bacteria and cells. This use of physically structured and liquid-infused titanium to avoid bioadhesion should support the prevention of bacterial implant-associated infections without the use of antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Doll
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School , Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Elena Fadeeva
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University of Hannover , Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Joern Schaeske
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School , Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Winkel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School , Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Heisterkamp
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University of Hannover , Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Boris N Chichkov
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University of Hannover , Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Meike Stiesch
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School , Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nico S Stumpp
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School , Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Abduljabbar T. Effect of mechanical debridement with and without adjunct antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of peri-implant diseases in prediabetic patients. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 17:9-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abduljabbar T. Effect of mechanical debridement with adjunct antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of peri-implant diseases in type-2 diabetic smokers and non-smokers. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 17:111-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abduljabbar T, Javed F, Kellesarian SV, Vohra F, Romanos GE. Effect of Nd:YAG laser-assisted non-surgical mechanical debridement on clinical and radiographic peri-implant inflammatory parameters in patients with peri-implant disease. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 168:16-19. [PMID: 28135574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The efficacy of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser-assisted non-surgical mechanical debridement (MD) in the treatment of periimplant diseases remains uninvestigated. The aim was to assess the efficacy of Nd:YAG laser-assisted non-surgical MD on clinical and radiographic periimplant inflammatory parameters in patients with periimplant disease. METHODS Treatment wise, 63 male patients with periimplant diseases were divided into 2 groups: Group-1 (32 patients): treatment of periimplant disease using MD alone (control group); and Group-2 (n=31 patients): treatment of periimplant disease using MD with a single application of Nd:YAG laser. Peri-implant inflammatory parameters (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP] and probing depth [PD]) were measured at baseline and at 3 and 6months' follow-up. Periimplant crestal bone loss (CBL) was measured at baseline and at 6months' follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskall-Wallis and Bonferroni Post hoc tests. P-values<0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS In both groups, mean age of patients and baseline scores of periimplant PI, BOP and PD were comparable. At 3-month follow-up, scores of periimplant PI, BOP and PD were higher among patients in Group-1 compared with Group-2. At 6-month follow-up, scores of periimplant PI, BOP and PD were comparable among patients in groups 1 and 2. There was no statistically significant difference in periimplant CBL in both groups at all time intervals. CONCLUSION Nd:YAG laser-assisted non-surgical MD is more effective in reducing periimplant soft tissue inflammatory parameters than MD alone in short-term but not in long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Abduljabbar
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fawad Javed
- Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sergio Varela Kellesarian
- Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Georgios E Romanos
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, Dental School, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Abduljabbar T, Al-Sahaly F, Kellesarian SV, Kellesarian TV, Al-Anazi M, Al-Khathami M, Javed F, Vohra F. Comparison of peri-implant clinical and radiographic inflammatory parameters and whole salivary destructive inflammatory cytokine profile among obese and non-obese men. Cytokine 2016; 88:51-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Quantifying implant-associated biofilms: Comparison of microscopic, microbiologic and biochemical methods. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 130:61-68. [PMID: 27444546 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm-associated infections pose severe problems in modern implant medicine. Screening for new implant materials with antibacterial properties requires reliable quantification of colonizing bacteria. There are many different methods to quantify biofilms on solid surfaces in vitro, employing different (bio-)chemical/microbiological reference parameters. It is therefore difficult to compare studies with different quantification techniques. Here, we have evaluated commonly used microscopic, microbiologic and biochemical methods to quantify bacterial biofilms, in order to clarify their comparability and applicability. Two bacterial species frequently involved in biofilm-associated infections, Staphylococcus aureus and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, were used as model organisms; their initial adhesion and biofilm formation on titanium and on antibacterial copper were analyzed using the following methods: LIVE/DEAD fluorescence staining and confocal laser-scanning microscopy, ultrasonic or a newly developed enzymatic detachment followed by standard plate counting (CFU method), a resazurin-based assay, the BacTiter-Glo™ assay and crystal violet staining. The methods differed greatly in complexity, reliability and the applicability to initial adhesion and biofilm formation. To screen biofilm formation on a multitude of surfaces, the resazurin-based and the BacTiterGlo™ assay are well suited. LIVE/DEAD staining and confocal laser-scanning microscopy can be applied for a more detailed analysis of both, initial adhesion and biofilm formation. When using the CFU method for screening purposes, the introduced enzymatic detachment procedure is to be favored over ultrasonic detachment. There is not one single method, which is suitable for all purposes. The appropriate biofilm quantification method has to be chosen on the basis of the specific scientific question.
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Efficacy of periimplant mechanical debridement with and without adjunct antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 14:166-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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