• CBCT
• Fixed appliances
• Incisive canal
• Root resorption
• Tooth movement/Retraction
• Upper central incisors

• Dental anchorage
• dental movement
• skeletal anchorage

• Humans
• Young Adult
• Adult
• Adolescent
• Bicuspid/diagnostic imaging
• Bicuspid/surgery
• Retrospective Studies
• Tooth Movement Techniques
• Orthodontic Appliances, Removable
• Treatment Outcome
• Maxilla/diagnostic imaging
• Orthodontic Appliances, Fixed
• Cephalometry

• Mini implants
• regional acceleratory phenomenon
• root resorption

• Bimaxillary protrusion
• Buccal shelf screws
• Distalization
• Infra-zygomatic crest screws
• Mini implants
• Premolar extraction Retraction.

• Humans
• Dental Care
• Incisor
• Malocclusion
• Molar

• Incisors retraction
• Mini-implants
• Orthodontic anchorage procedures/instrumentation
• Orthodontic appliance design
• Orthodontics
• Tooth movement techniques/instrumentation

• Humans
• Adolescent
• Incisor
• Tooth Movement Techniques
• Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures
• Malocclusion, Angle Class II/therapy
• Malocclusion
• Maxilla/surgery

• Double J retractor
• Mini-implant anchorage
• Protrusion
• TSADs
• Torque control

• Humans
• Incisor
• Maxilla
• Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures
• Overbite
• Tooth Movement Techniques
• Torque

To evaluate the overall treatment effects in terms of the amount of uprighting with changes in the sagittal and vertical positions of mandibular molars after applying an orthodontic miniplate with a nickel-titanium (NiTi) reverse curve arch wire (biocreative reverse curve [BRC] system).

A total of 30 female patients (mean age, 25.99 ± 8.96 years) were treated with the BRC system (mean BRC time, 10.3 ± 4.07 months). An I-shaped C-tube miniplate (Jin Biomed) was placed at the labial aspect for the alveolar bone of the mandibular incisors. A 0.017 × 0.025-inch NiTi reverse curve arch wire was engaged at the C-tube mini-plate anteriorly and the first and second premolars and molars posteriorly in the mandibular arch. Pre- and post-BRC lateral cephalograms were analyzed. A paired t-test was used to analyze the treatment effects of BRC.

The mandibular second molars were intrusively uprighted successfully by the BRC system. Distal uprighting with a controlled vertical dimension was noted on the first molars when they remained engaged in the BRC and the distal ends of the arch wire were laid on the second molars. The mandibular first and second premolars showed a slight extrusion. The changes in the mandibular incisors were unremarkable, while the mandibular molar angulation improved significantly. The lower occlusal plane rotated counterclockwise (MP-LOP 1.13° ± 2.60°).

The BRC system can provide very effective molar uprighting without compromising the position of the mandibular anterior teeth.

• Biocreative reverse curve
• C-tube miniplate
• Intrusion
• Molar uprighting

• Anchorage
• anterior teeth
• en masse
• extraction
• meta-analysis
• orthodontic
• protrusion
• retraction
• systematic review
• two-step

The objective of this two-arm parallel trial was to compare the type of tooth movement during en masse retraction of the maxillary anterior teeth using labial versus lingual biocreative therapy.

Twenty-eight subjects were randomized in a 1 : 1 ratio to either the labial or lingual group. En masse anterior retraction was performed using labial biocreative therapy in group A and lingual biocreative therapy in group B. Cone beam computed tomography scans were taken before and after retraction and the primary outcome was the type of tooth movement during anterior retraction. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests for comparisons within each group and independent-sample t-test for comparison of the mean treatment changes between the two groups.

Significant differences were found between the two groups in relation to the type of tooth movement (labiolingual inclination of the central incisor; mean difference, 5.85 ± 1.85°). The canine showed significant distal tipping in the lingual group (mean difference, 6.98 ± 1.25°). The canine was significantly more intruded in the lingual group (mean difference, 1.67 ± 0.49 mm). Good anchorage control and significant soft tissue changes occurred in both groups. No serious adverse effects were detected.

With a 10-mm retraction hook, the labial biocreative technique with the reverse curve overlay provided anterior retraction with good torque control, while in the lingual group, anterior retraction occurred with controlled tipping movement with significant distal tipping and intrusion of the canine (trial registration: The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov [NCT03239275]).

• Biocreative therapy
• En masse retraction
• Skeletal anchorage
• Tooth movement

• Biocreative orthodontic strategy
• En masse retraction
• FEA
• Gable bend
• NiTi
• TSAD
• Torque

• Biomechanical Phenomena
• Finite Element Analysis
• Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures
• Orthodontic Appliance Design
• Orthodontic Brackets
• Orthodontic Wires
• Tooth Movement Techniques
• Torque

This review aims to compare the effectiveness of en masse and two-step retraction methods during orthodontic space closure regarding anchorage preservation and anterior segment retraction and to assess their effect on the duration of treatment and root resorption.

An electronic search for potentially eligible randomized controlled trials and prospective controlled trials was performed in five electronic databases up to July 2017. The process of study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment was performed by two reviewers independently. A narrative review is presented in addition to a quantitative synthesis of the pooled results where possible. The Cochrane risk of bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used for the methodological quality assessment of the included studies.

Eight studies were included in the qualitative synthesis in this review. Four studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. En masse/miniscrew combination showed a statistically significant standard mean difference regarding anchorage preservation − 2.55 mm (95% CI − 2.99 to − 2.11) and the amount of upper incisor retraction − 0.38 mm (95% CI − 0.70 to − 0.06) when compared to a two-step/conventional anchorage combination. Qualitative synthesis suggested that en masse retraction requires less time than two-step retraction with no difference in the amount of root resorption.

Both en masse and two-step retraction methods are effective during the space closure phase. The en masse/miniscrew combination is superior to the two-step/conventional anchorage combination with regard to anchorage preservation and amount of retraction. Limited evidence suggests that anchorage reinforcement with a headgear produces similar results with both retraction methods. Limited evidence also suggests that en masse retraction may require less time and that no significant differences exist in the amount of root resorption between the two methods.

The online version of this article (10.1186/s40510-017-0196-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

• Canine retraction
• En masse retraction
• Meta-analysis
• Orthodontic anchorage procedures
• Root resorption
• Space closure
• Systematic review

To evaluate and compare the effects of two appliances on the en masse retraction of the anterior teeth anchored by temporary skeletal anchorage devices (TSADs).

The sample comprised 46 nongrowing hyperdivergent adult patients who planned to undergo upper first premolar extraction using lingual retractors. They were divided into three groups, based on the lingual appliance used: the C-lingual retractor (CLR) group (group 1, n = 16) and two antero-posterior lingual retractor (APLR) groups (n = 30, groups 2 and 3). The APLR group was divided by the posterior tube angulation; posterior tube parallel to the occlusal plane (group 2, n = 15) and distally tipped tube (group 3, n = 15). A retrospective clinical investigation of the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue relationships was performed using lateral cephalometric radiographs obtained pretreatment and post en masse retraction of the anterior teeth.

All groups achieved significant incisor and canine retraction. The upper posterior teeth did not drift significantly during the retraction period. The APLR group had less angulation change in the anterior dentition, compared to the CLR group. By changing the tube angulation in the APLR, the intrusive force significantly increased in the distally tipped tube of group 3 patients and remarkably reduced the occlusal plane angle.

Compared to the CLR, the APLR provides better anterior torque control and canine tipping while achieving bodily translation. Furthermore, changing the tube angulation will affect the amount of incisor intrusion, even in patients with similar palatal vault depth, without the need for additional TSADs.

• C-lingual retractor
• Intrusion
• Lingual orthodontics
• Mini-implant

To evaluate the therapeutic effects of a preformed assembly of nickel-titanium (NiTi) and stainless steel (SS) archwires (preformed C-wire) combined with temporary skeletal anchorage devices (TSADs) as the sole source of anchorage and to compare these effects with those of a SS version of C-wire (conventional C-wire) for en-masse retraction.

Thirty-one adult female patients with skeletal Class I or II dentoalveolar protrusion, mild-to-moderate anterior crowding (3.0-6.0 mm), and stable Class I posterior occlusion were divided into conventional (n = 15) and preformed (n = 16) C-wire groups. All subjects underwent first premolar extractions and en-masse retraction with pre-adjusted edgewise anterior brackets, the assigned C-wire, and maxillary C-tubes or C-implants; bonded mesh-tube appliances were used in the mandibular dentition. Differences in pretreatment and post-retraction measurements of skeletal, dental, and soft-tissue cephalometric variables were statistically analyzed.

Both groups showed full retraction of the maxillary anterior teeth by controlled tipping and space closure without altered posterior occlusion. However, the preformed C-wire group had a shorter retraction period (by 3.2 months). Furthermore, the maxillary molars in this group showed no significant mesialization, mesial tipping, or extrusion; some mesialization and mesial tipping occurred in the conventional C-wire group.

Preformed C-wires combined with maxillary TSADs enable simultaneous leveling and space closure from the beginning of the treatment without maxillary posterior bonding. This allows for faster treatment of dentoalveolar protrusion without unwanted side effects, when compared with conventional C-wire, evidencing its clinical expediency.

• Anchorage
• Orthodontic mini-implant
• Orthodontic treatment
• Tooth movement

• Anchorage
• C-retractor
• Lingual
• Miniplate

• mini-implant
• stationary anchorage, cbct
• superimposition
• root damage
• stability

• Acid Etching, Dental/methods
• Adolescent
• Adult
• Bicuspid/diagnostic imaging
• Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods
• Cuspid/pathology
• Dental Arch/surgery
• Dental Etching/methods
• Dental Implants
• Female
• Follow-Up Studies
• Humans
• Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods
• Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods
• Incisor/pathology
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Molar/diagnostic imaging
• Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures/instrumentation
• Osseointegration/physiology
• Retrospective Studies
• Stress, Mechanical
• Tooth Movement Techniques/instrumentation
• Torque
• Young Adult