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Osalou MA, Atakan MM, Güzel Y, Koşar ŞN. Twelve-week interval training alters cytokines, adipokines and bone markers in women with obesity. Int J Sports Med 2025. [PMID: 40049591 DOI: 10.1055/a-2502-9854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2025]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week high-intensity interval training on inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and markers of bone turnover and examine whether high-intensity interval training-induced changes in inflammatory cytokines and adipokines were associated with changes in markers of bone turnover. Twenty-four women with obesity (mean [standard deviation]: age: 36.1 [3.38] years, height: 158.9 [11.9] cm, and body mass index: 31.9 [1.5] kg/m2) were randomly assigned to either control (n=10) or high-intensity interval training (n=14) groups. Body mass (- 2.7%), fat mass (- 15%), and percent body fat (- 6.2%) significantly decreased (p<0.05), while the predicted V̇O2max increased (29.6%; p<0.001) following the high-intensity interval training program. The training program resulted in increased adiponectin (7.6%) and osteocalcin (11.3%; p<0.05) and reduced tumor necrosis factor alpha (66.1%), interleukin-1α (18.6%), C-reactive protein (24.0%), leptin (21.5%), and carboxy-terminal telopeptide cross-linking type one collagen (14%; p<0.05). When high-intensity interval training and control groups were analyzed separately, training-induced changes in inflammatory cytokines and adipokines were not associated with changes in bone turnover markers (p>0.05), whereas significant associations were found when the data of the groups were analyzed together (p<0.05). In conclusion, a 12-week high-intensity interval exercise program improves the inflammatory state, adipokines, markers of bone turnover, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body composition in women with obesity.
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Xavier A, Bourzac C, Bensidhoum M, Mura C, Portier H, Pallu S. Effect of different running protocols on bone morphology and microarchitecture of the forelimbs in a male Wistar rat model. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308974. [PMID: 39509380 PMCID: PMC11542884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 11/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is accepted that the metabolic response of bone tissue depends on the intensity of the mechanical loads, but also on the type and frequency of stress applied to it. Physical exercise such as running involves stresses which, under certain conditions, have been shown to have the best osteogenic effects. However, at high intensity, it can be deleterious for bone tissue. Consequently, there is no clear consensus as to which running modality would have the best osteogenic effects. AIM Our objective was to compare the effects of three running modalities on morphological and micro-architectural parameters on forelimb bones. METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: high intensity interval training (HIIT), continuous running, combined running ((alternating HIIT and continuous modalities) and sedentary (control). The morphometry, trabecular microarchitecture and cortical porosity of the ulna, radius and humerus were analyzed using micro-tomography. RESULTS All three running modalities resulted in bone adaptation, with an increase in the diaphyseal diameter of all three bones. The combined running protocol had positive effects on the trabecular thickness in the distal ulna. The HIIT protocol resulted in an increase in both medio-lateral diameter and cortical bone area over total area (Ct.Ar/Tt.Ar) at the ulnar shaft compared with sedentary condition. Moreover, the HIIT protocol decreased the mean surface area of the medulla (Ma.Ar) according to sedentary condition at the ulnar shaft. CONCLUSION This study has shown that HIIT resulted in a decrease in trabecular bone fraction in favor of cortical bone area at the ulna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Xavier
- Laboratoire B3OA UMR7052 CNRS U1271 INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Laboratoire INEM UMR7355 CNRS, Université d’Orléans, Orléans, France
- Sport, Physical Activity, Rehabilitation and Movement for Performance and Health (SAPRéM), Université d’Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Céline Bourzac
- Laboratoire B3OA UMR7052 CNRS U1271 INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Plateforme de Recherche Biomédicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Morad Bensidhoum
- Laboratoire B3OA UMR7052 CNRS U1271 INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Mura
- Laboratoire INEM UMR7355 CNRS, Université d’Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Hugues Portier
- Laboratoire B3OA UMR7052 CNRS U1271 INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Pallu
- Laboratoire B3OA UMR7052 CNRS U1271 INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Sport, Physical Activity, Rehabilitation and Movement for Performance and Health (SAPRéM), Université d’Orléans, Orléans, France
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Wilwand M, Pritchett K, Miles M, Pritchett R, Larson A. The Prevalence of Stress Fractures and the Associated LEAF-Q Responses, Self-Reported Exercise Volume and Dietary Behaviors in Female Recreational Runners. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2024; 17:1092-1104. [PMID: 39257883 PMCID: PMC11385279 DOI: 10.70252/cqdn3473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2025]
Abstract
Previous research suggests a high prevalence of low energy availability (LEA) and stress fractures (SF) among competitive female endurance athletes. However, much less is known about these issues among recreational female runners. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and number of self-reported SF and risk of LEA among noncompetitive, recreationally active female runners, aged 18 - 25 years. Additionally, it compared characteristics between females with a history of multiple SF vs. one or no SF, and between those 'at risk' vs. 'not at risk' of LEA. Female recreational runners (n=485) completed an online survey that included the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q) and the Disordered Eating Screening Assessment (DESA-6). Thirty-three percent of participants reported ≥ 2 SF. Eighty-two percent of the ≥ 2 SF group were classified as 'at risk' of LEA (LEAF-Q score ≥ 8). In addition, ≥ 2 SF was associated with higher total LEAF-Q score, self-reported intentional food restriction for weight loss, and self-reported current eating disorder while weekly exercise duration was inversely associated with ≥ 2 SF. In conclusion, one-third of participants had multiple SF with a majority (82%) of this group classified as 'at risk' of LEA. Screening tools such as the LEAF-Q and DESA-6 are useful tools to identify characteristics associated with multiple SF in this demographic, especially questions regarding food restriction and the presence of a current or previous eating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malorie Wilwand
- Kinesiology and Outdoor Recreation, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, UT, USA
| | - Kelly Pritchett
- Department of Nutrition, Health, and Exercise Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA, USA
| | - Marissa Miles
- Department of Nutrition, Health, and Exercise Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA, USA
| | - Robert Pritchett
- Department of Nutrition, Health, and Exercise Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA, USA
| | - Abigail Larson
- Kinesiology and Outdoor Recreation, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, UT, USA
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Yang X, Li Y, Mei T, Duan J, Yan X, McNaughton LR, He Z. Genome-wide association study of exercise-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy and the construction of predictive model. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:578-589. [PMID: 38881426 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00019.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate interindividual differences in muscle thickness of the rectus femoris (MTRF) following 12 wk of resistance training (RT) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT) to explore the genetic architecture underlying skeletal muscle hypertrophy and to construct predictive models. We conducted musculoskeletal ultrasound assessments of the MTRF response in 440 physically inactive adults after the 12-wk exercise period. A genome-wide association study was used to identify variants associated with the MTRF response, separately for RT and HIIT. Using the polygenic predictor score (PPS), we estimated the genetic contribution to exercise-induced hypertrophy. Predictive models for the MTRF response were constructed using random forest (RF), support vector mac (SVM), and generalized linear model (GLM) in 10 cross-validated approaches. MTRF increased significantly after both RT (8.8%, P < 0.05) and HIIT (5.3%, P < 0.05), but with considerable interindividual differences (RT: -13.5 to 38.4%, HIIT: -14.2 to 30.7%). Eleven lead single-nucleotide polymorphisms in RT and eight lead single-nucleotide polymorphisms in HIIT were identified at a significance level of P < 1 × 10-5. The PPS was associated with the MTRF response, explaining 47.2% of the variation in response to RT and 38.3% of the variation in response to HIIT. Notably, the GLM and SVM predictive models exhibited superior performance compared with RF models (P < 0.05), and the GLM demonstrated optimal performance with an area under curve of 0.809 (95% confidence interval: 0.669-0.949). Factors such as PPS, baseline MTRF, and exercise protocol exerted influence on the MTRF response to exercise, with PPS being the primary contributor. The GLM and SVM predictive model, incorporating both genetic and phenotypic factors, emerged as promising tools for predicting exercise-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The interindividual variability induced muscle hypertrophy by resistance training (RT) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and the associated genetic architecture remain uncertain. We identified genetic variants that underlie RT- or HIIT-induced muscle hypertrophy and established them as pivotal factors influencing the response regardless of the training type. The genetic-phenotype predictive model developed has the potential to identify nonresponders or individuals with low responsiveness before engaging in exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Yang
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Performance Training and Recovery of General Administration of Sport, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanchun Li
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Performance Training and Recovery of General Administration of Sport, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Mei
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Performance Training and Recovery of General Administration of Sport, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayan Duan
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lars Robert McNaughton
- Sport Performance, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
| | - Zihong He
- Biology Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
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Hagen P, Malatesta D, Calanca L, Mazzolai L, Lanzi S. The PAD-adapted 30-20-10 during Nordic walking: A new exercise training session in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38601. [PMID: 38905371 PMCID: PMC11191894 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of a peripheral artery disease (PAD)-adapted 30-20-10 Nordic walking session in patients with symptomatic PAD and to compare the cardiovascular response of this new training session to a traditional walking (TW) and 4 × 4 minutes Nordic walking session. This is a prospective observational study. Patients with Fontaine stage II PAD were included. Patients participated in Nordic walking sessions, which were randomly assigned as TW, 4 × 4 minute intervals, and peripheral artery disease adapted 30-20-10 exercise session (PAD-adapted 30-20-10 sessions). PAD-adapted 30-20-10 and 4 × 4 minutes sessions consisted of 4 repetitions of 4 minutes of effort followed by 3 minutes of passive recovery. PAD-adapted 30-20-10 session was characterized by 4 continuous 1-min repetitions at 3 different walking speeds [high (30 seconds), moderate (20 seconds) and low (10 seconds)]. During the 4 × 4 minutes session, patients were asked to cover the maximal distance at a constant speed. During TW session, patients were asked to walk at a speed inducing moderate-to-severe claudication pain. Heart rate, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and claudication pain intensity using a visual analog scale were assessed. The perceived enjoyment of each session was assessed using a visual analog scale ranging from 0 (not enjoyable) to 10 (very enjoyable). Eleven patients with chronic symptomatic PAD were included (62 ± 13 years; 54% women). The mean heart rate during the time of effort was significantly higher in PAD-adapted 30-20-10 group than in 4 × 4 minutes and TW groups (127 ± 12, 122 ± 12, 114 ± 11 bpm, respectively; P ≤ .001). The mean rating of perceived exertion (16 ± 1, 15 ± 1, 13 ± 1; P ≤ .001) and claudication pain intensity (8 ± 1, 7 ± 1; 7 ± 1 mm; P ≤ .019) were significantly higher during PAD-adapted 30-20-10 sessions than during 4 × 4 minutes and TW sessions. The perceived enjoyment was similar among sessions (8.7 ± 1.6 for TW, 8.6 ± 1.7 for 4 × 4 minutes, and 8.8 ± 1.8 mm for PAD-adapted 30-20-10 sessions; P = .935). The PAD-adapted 30-20-10 session is feasible and induces higher cardiovascular stimulation and claudication pain than 4 × 4 minutes and TW procedures in patients with symptomatic PAD. Despite these different responses, a similar perceived enjoyment among the sessions has been shown. Future investigations are needed to examine the effects of this new training session in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Hagen
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Davide Malatesta
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luca Calanca
- Angiology Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Mazzolai
- Angiology Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Lanzi
- Angiology Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Bertucci DR, de Carvalho CD, Scariot PPM, Kalva-Filho CA, Luches-Pereira G, Arruda TB, Alves IS, Gardim CB, Castiglia M, Riberto M, Gobatto CA, Papoti M. Four-week experimental plus 1-week taper period using live high train low does not alter muscle glycogen content. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1795-1805. [PMID: 38231229 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05404-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 4-week live high train low (LHTL; FiO2 ~ 13.5%), intervention, followed by a tapering phase, on muscle glycogen concentration. Fourteen physically active males (28 ± 6 years, 81.6 ± 15.4 kg, 179 ± 5.2 cm) were divided into a control group (CON; n = 5), and the group that performed the LHTL, which was exposed to hypoxia (LHTL; n = 9). The subjects trained using a one-legged knee extension exercise, which enabled four experimental conditions: leg training in hypoxia (TLHYP); leg control in hypoxia (CLHYP, n = 9); leg trained in normoxia (TLNOR, n = 5), and leg control in normoxia (CLNOR, n = 5). All participants performed 18 training sessions lasting between 20 and 45 min [80-200% of intensity corresponding to the time to exhaustion (TTE) reached in the graded exercise test]. Additionally, participants spent approximately 10 h day-1 in either a normobaric hypoxic environment (14.5% FiO2; ~ 3000 m) or a control condition (i.e., staying in similar tents on ~ 530 m). Thereafter, participants underwent a taper protocol consisting of six additional training sessions with a reduced training load. SpO2 was lower, and the hypoxic dose was higher in LHTL compared to CON (p < 0.001). After 4 weeks, glycogen had increased significantly only in the TLNOR and TLHYP groups and remained elevated after the taper (p < 0.016). Time to exhaustion in the LHTL increased after both the 4-week training period and the taper compared to the baseline (p < 0.001). Although the 4-week training promoted substantial increases in muscle glycogen content, TTE increased in LHTL condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo R Bertucci
- Triângulo Mineiro Federal University (UFTM), Av. Frei Paulino, nº 30, Abadia, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos Dellavechia de Carvalho
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Pedro P M Scariot
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (FCA-UNICAMP), R. Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Kalva-Filho
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo C. Coube, nº 14-01, Núcleo Habitacional Presidente Geisel, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Luches-Pereira
- School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (EEFERP-USP), Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tarine B Arruda
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela S Alves
- School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (EEFERP-USP), Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila B Gardim
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Castiglia
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Riberto
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudio Alexandre Gobatto
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (FCA-UNICAMP), R. Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Papoti
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (EEFERP-USP), Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Skovgaard C, Christiansen D, Martínez-Rodríguez A, Bangsbo J. Similar improvements in 5-km performance and maximal oxygen uptake with submaximal and maximal 10-20-30 training in runners, but increase in muscle oxidative phosphorylation occur only with maximal effort training. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14493. [PMID: 37732872 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to examine whether 10-20-30 training (consecutive 1-min intervals consisting of 30 s at low-speed, 20 s at moderate-speed, and 10 s at high-speed), performed with submaximal effort during the 10-s high-speed runs, would lead to improved performance as well as increased maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 -max) and muscle oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). In addition, to examine to what extent the effects would compare to 10-20-30 running conducted with maximal effort. DESIGN Nineteen males were randomly assigned to 10-20-30 running performed with either submaximal (SUBMAX; n = 11) or maximal (MAX; n = 8) effort, which was conducted three times/week for 6 weeks (intervention; INT). Before and after INT, subjects completed a 5-km running test and a VO2 -max test, and a biopsy was obtained from m. vastus lateralis. RESULTS After compared to before INT, SUBMAX and MAX improved (p < 0.05) 5-km performance by 3.0% (20.8 ± 0.4 (means±SE) vs. 21.5 ± 0.4 min) and 2.3% (21.2 ± 0.4 vs. 21.6 ± 0.4 min), respectively, and VO2 -max was ~7% higher (p < 0.01) in both SUBMAX (57.0 ± 1.3 vs. 53.5 ± 1.1 mL/min/kg) and MAX (57.8 ± 1.2 vs. 53.7 ± 0.9 mL/min/kg), with no difference in the changes between groups. In SUBMAX, muscle OXPHOS was unchanged, whereas in MAX, muscle OXPHOS subunits (I-IV) and total OXPHOS (5.5 ± 0.3 vs 4.7 ± 0.3 A.U.) were 9%-29% higher (p < 0.05) after compared to before INT. CONCLUSION Conducting 10-20-30 training with a non-maximal effort during the 10-s high-speed runs is as efficient in improving 5-km performance and VO2 -max as maximal effort exercise, whereas increase in muscle OXPHOS occur only when the 10-s high-speed runs are performed with maximal effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Skovgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Danny Christiansen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jens Bangsbo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Nebigh A, Touhami I, Chtara M, Govindasamy K, Surech C, Hage RE, Saeidi A, Boullosa D, Clark CCT, Granacher U, Zouhal H. The Impact of Sport-discipline and Sex on Physical Fitness and Bone Markers in Athletes. Int J Sports Med 2023; 44:736-743. [PMID: 36807006 DOI: 10.1055/a-2038-3040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the impact of sex and sport-discipline on physical fitness and bone markers in young sub-elite track and field athletes. One hundred and forty-four track and field sub-elite athletes (78 males aged 17.8±1.6 years; 66 females aged 17.2±1.9 years) volunteered to participate in this study and were categorized according to their disciplines in endurance (EG: n=67) or power athletes (PG: n=77). A significant main effect of sex was observed for C-telopeptide type I collagen (CTx) (F=11.37; p<0.001; η2=0.10, moderate), for osteocalcin (OC) (F=8.58; p<0.004; η2=0.09, moderate) and for N-terminal propeptide of procollagen type I (PINP) (F=7.96; p<0.05; η2=0.07, moderate). The average CTx, OC and P1NP levels were significantly higher in males compared with females (0.05
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Nebigh
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricity, Sports and Health, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Saîd, University of "La Manouba", Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imed Touhami
- National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports, Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sports Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mokhtar Chtara
- Unit Head, Science Studies and Research, Sharjah Women's Sports, UAE
- Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karuppasamy Govindasamy
- Department of Physical Education & Sports Science, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Chandrababu Surech
- Department of Physical Education & Sports Science, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rawad El Hage
- Department of Physical Education, University of Balamand, Balamand, Lebanon
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Daniel Boullosa
- INISA, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Urs Granacher
- University of Freiburg, Department of Sport and Sport Science, Exercise and Human Movement Science, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- UFR APS, laboratoire Mouvement Sport Sante, Rennes, France
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), Irodouer, France
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Oliveira TP, Espada MC, Massini DA, Robalo RAM, Almeida TAF, Hernández-Beltrán V, Gamonales JM, Castro EA, Pessôa Filho DM. Effects of Exercise and Sports Intervention and the Involvement Level on the Mineral Health of Different Bone Sites in the Leg, Hip, and Spine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6537. [PMID: 37569078 PMCID: PMC10419061 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20156537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The current study analysed whether the osteogenic stimuli of exercises and sports have an independent effect on bone mineral density (BMD). Studies with a design having two different cohorts were searched and selected to distinguish the effect due to long-term involvement (i.e., athletes vs. non-active young with good bone health) and due to the planning of intervention (i.e., pre- vs. post-training) with exercises and sports. Moreover, only studies investigating the bone sites with a body-weight support function (i.e., lower limb, hip, and spine regions) were reviewed, since the osteogenic effects have incongruous results. A meta-analysis was performed following the recommendations of PRISMA. Heterogeneity (I2) was determined by combining Cochran's Q test with the Higgins test, with a significance level of α = 0.05. The studies reporting the effect of involvement in exercise and sports showed high heterogeneity for the lower limb, total hip, and spine (I2 = 90.200%, 93.334%, and 95.168%, respectively, with p < 0.01) and the effect size on sports modalities (Hedge's g = 1.529, 1.652, and 0.417, respectively, with p < 0.05) ranging from moderate to high. In turn, the studies reporting the effect of the intervention planning showed that there was no heterogeneity for the lower limb (I2 = 0.000%, p = 0.999) and spine (I2 = 77.863%, p = 0.000); however, for the hip, it was moderate (I2 = 49.432%, p = 0.054), with a low effect between the pre- and post-training moments presented only for the hip and spine (Hedge's g = 0.313 and 0.353, respectively, with p < 0.05). The current analysis supported the effect of involvement in exercise and sports by evidencing the effect of either weight-bearing or non-weight-bearing movements on BMD at the femoral, pelvic, and lumbar bones sites of the athletes when comparing to non-athletes or non-active peers with healthy bones. Moreover, the effect of different exercise and sports interventions highlighted the alterations in the BMD in the spine bone sites, mainly with long-term protocols (~12 months) planned with a stimulus with high muscle tension. Therefore, exercise and sport (mainly systematic long-term practice) have the potential to increase the BMD of bones with body-weight support beyond the healthy values reached during life phases of youth and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago P. Oliveira
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; (T.P.O.); (D.A.M.); (T.A.F.A.); (E.A.C.)
| | - Mário C. Espada
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal; (M.C.E.); (R.A.M.R.)
- Life Quality Research Centre (LQRC-CIEQV, Leiria), Complexo Andaluz, Apartado, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Danilo A. Massini
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; (T.P.O.); (D.A.M.); (T.A.F.A.); (E.A.C.)
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences (FC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A. M. Robalo
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Educação, 2914-504 Setúbal, Portugal; (M.C.E.); (R.A.M.R.)
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago A. F. Almeida
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; (T.P.O.); (D.A.M.); (T.A.F.A.); (E.A.C.)
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences (FC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Víctor Hernández-Beltrán
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Performance Sports, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain; (V.H.-B.); (J.M.G.)
| | - José M. Gamonales
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Performance Sports, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain; (V.H.-B.); (J.M.G.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eliane A. Castro
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; (T.P.O.); (D.A.M.); (T.A.F.A.); (E.A.C.)
- LFE Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dalton M. Pessôa Filho
- Graduate Programme in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; (T.P.O.); (D.A.M.); (T.A.F.A.); (E.A.C.)
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences (FC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
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10
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Hou JL, Yang WY, Zhang Q, Feng H, Wang XB, Li H, Zhou S, Xiao SM. Integration of Metabolomics and Transcriptomics to Reveal the Metabolic Characteristics of Exercise-Improved Bone Mass. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071694. [PMID: 37049535 PMCID: PMC10097349 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Exercise is effective in promoting and maintaining bone mass. The aim of this study was to detect the exercise-induced metabolic changes in bone tissue of zebrafish. (2) Methods: Thirty-eight zebrafish (Danio rerio, six months old) were analyzed. The exercise group (n = 19) received 8 weeks of counter-current swimming training. The control group (n = 19) was not subjected to exercise. Mineralization was quantified, and alkaline phosphatase (Alp) and anti-tartrate acid phosphatase (Trap) activities were estimated (n = 12). The metabolomics (n = 12) and transcriptomics (n = 14) data of bone tissue were used for the integration analyses. (3) Results: The results showed that the exercise training improved the bone mineralization of zebrafish, e.g., the exercise group (5.74 × 104 ± 7.63 × 103) had a higher mean optical density than the control group (5.26 × 104 ± 8.56 × 103, p = 0.046) for the caudal vertebrae. The amount of mineralized matrix in scales of the exercised zebrafish was also higher (0.156 ± 0.012 vs. 0.102 ± 0.003, p = 0.005). Both histological staining and biochemical analysis revealed increased Alp activity (0.81 ± 0.26 vs. 0.76 ± 0.01, p = 0.002) and decreased Trap activity (1.34 ± 0.01 vs. 1.36 ± 0.01, p = 0.005) in the exercise group. A total of 103 different metabolites (DMs, VIP ≥ 1, fold change (FC) ≥ 1.20 or ≤0.83, p < 0.050) were identified. Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, β-alanine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis were the significantly enriched metabolic pathways (p < 0.050). A total of 35 genes (q ≤ 0.050 (BH), |Log2FC| ≥ 0.5) were coenriched with the 103 DMs in the four identified pathways. Protein–protein interaction network analysis of the 35 genes showed that entpd3, entpd1, and cmpk2 were the core genes. (4) Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, β-alanine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis contributed to exercise-induced improvements in bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Li Hou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wan-Yu Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Bao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Sheng Zhou
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (S.-M.X.); Tel.: +86-20-8757-7692 (S.Z.); +86-20-8733-0151 (S.-M.X.)
| | - Su-Mei Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (S.-M.X.); Tel.: +86-20-8757-7692 (S.Z.); +86-20-8733-0151 (S.-M.X.)
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11
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Tang S, Huang W, Wang S, Wu Y, Guo L, Huang J, Hu M. Effects of aquatic high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on central hemodynamic parameters, endothelial function and aerobic fitness in inactive adults. J Exerc Sci Fit 2022; 20:256-262. [PMID: 35646132 PMCID: PMC9123277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The effects of land-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the cardiovascular system have already been demonstrated. However, the water environment is different from that on land. Therefore, we investigated the effects of 6-week aquatic HIIT and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on central hemodynamic parameters, endothelial function, and aerobic fitness in inactive adults. Methods Thirty-one inactive adults were randomly assigned to HIIT or MICT group. HIIT group performed twelve 30-s swimming exercise bouts with the intensity of 95% HRmax and 15-18/20 RPE with a 60-s rest period between each bout. MICT group performed a 30-min uninterrupted swimming exercise with the intensity of 70%-75% HRmax and 12-14/20 RPE. Training frequency for both groups was three times a week. The pulse wave analysis and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) were measured by non-invasive equipments. Results The aerobic fitness significantly increased after HIIT, but no change was seen after MICT. Augmentation pressure (AP) and augmentation index normalized at 75 bpm (AIx@HR75) significantly decreased after HIIT but not MICT, whereas MICT rather than HIIT improved subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR), central and peripheral blood pressure, and resting HR. Only HIIT significantly increased brachial endothelial function. Conclusion A six-week aquatic HIIT and MICT had no differences in hemodynamic parameters, endothelial function, and aerobic fitness, however 6 weeks of aquatic HIIT reduced arterial stiffness, increased endothelial function and aerobic fitness, while 6 weeks of aquatic MICT reduced arterial blood pressure and resting HR and increased the coronary blood flow reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songxin Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiwei Huang
- Department of Swimming, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanying Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lianmeng Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junhao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Corresponding author. Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, 1268 Middle Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510500, China.
| | - Min Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Corresponding author. Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, 1268 Middle Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510500, China.
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12
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Lu M, Li M, Yi L, Li F, Feng L, Ji T, Zang Y, Qiu J. Effects of 8-week High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Bone Metabolism in Sedentary Young Females. J Exerc Sci Fit 2022; 20:77-83. [PMID: 35096081 PMCID: PMC8762074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) have been reported as effective exercise modes on bone metabolism. However, very few studies focused on young women with sedentary behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week HIIT on bone metabolism in sedentary young women. Methods 26 healthy, sedentary female participants were randomly assigned to either the HIIT (n = 13, age 23.2 ± 2.9 yr, weight 59.2 ± 7.2 kg, height 162.9 ± 3.3 cm, body mass index 22.3 ± 2.7 kg/m2) or MICT (n = 13, age 21.9 ± 1.7 yr, weight 59.3 ± 6.6 kg, height 160.9 ± 4.4 cm, body mass index 21.6 ± 2.4 kg/m2) group. Both groups completed 8 weeks (3 sessions/week) of training on the treadmill, where the HIIT group were asked to complete 6 × 3-min bouts of running at the intensity of 80–90% maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) separated by 2-min active recovery at 30–40% VO2max and the MICT group completed 30-min continuous running at the intensity of 60–70% VO2max. The body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), calcaneus quantitative ultrasound, bone turnover markers, and lower limb muscle strength were measured pre and post interventions. Results After 8-week interventions, 1) The total body BMD (HIIT, +8.5%; MICT, +5.5%) significantly increased (p < 0.05) without difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). The calcaneus broadband ultrasound attenuation (CBUA) (HIIT, +16.0%; MICT, +4.6%) and calcaneus stiffness index (CSI) (HIIT, +16.7%; MICT, +2.5%) significantly increased in HIIT group (p < 0.05), but not in MICT group (p > 0.05). 2) The 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) (HIIT, +42.8%; MICT, +24.9%) level increased in both groups with significantly higher changes in HIIT (p < 0.05). 3) The score of standing long jump (HIIT, +10.3%; MICT, +3.8%) and vertical jump (HIIT, +5.3%; MICT, +2.0%) increased in both groups with significantly higher changes in HIIT (p < 0.05). Conclusions It suggested that 8-week HIIT and MICT interventions could improve bone metabolism. Compared with a similar workload of MICT, HIIT elicited superior benefits on bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Lu
- College of Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- College of Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Longyan Yi
- Institute of Sport and Health Sciences, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Li
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Feng
- College of Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Ji
- College of Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanpeng Zang
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junqiang Qiu
- College of Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author.
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13
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Davidović Cvetko E, Nešić N, Matić A, Milas Ahić J, Drenjančević I. Effects of 8-week increment aerobic exercise program on bone metabolism and body composition in young non-athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1019-1034. [PMID: 35141785 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04900-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of aerobic exercise on bone metabolism are still unclear. Thus, the main goal of this study was to explore if there was an effect of the short-term aerobic exercise program on the bone remodeling process and if there were sex differences in the effect of the training program on bone metabolism. METHODS Twenty-one participants (men and women) aged 20-23 performed an 8-week aerobic exercise program three times per week in 1-h sessions with increases in the exercise load every 2 weeks. Bone density, bone mineral content and concentration of markers of bone metabolism: osteocalcin, C-terminal procollagen type I peptide, pyridinoline, parathyroid hormone, osteoprotegerin, and the receptor activator of nuclear kappa B ligand by ELISA were measured at the start and at the end of the study, while changes in body composition were assessed by a bioelectric impedance analysis method 6 times during the study. RESULTS The aerobic exercise program increased the concentration of osteocalcin (11.34 vs 14.24 ng/ml), pyridinoline (67.51 vs 73.99 nmol/l), and the receptor activator of nuclear kappa B ligand (95.122 vs 158.15 pg/ml). A statistically significant increase in bone density at neck mean (1.122 vs 1.176 g/cm3) and in bone mineral content at dual femur (33.485 vs 33.700 g) was found in women, while there was no statistically significant change at any site in men. CONCLUSION 8 weeks of the aerobic exercise program with increment in intensity increased some of bone remodeling biomarkers and showed different effects for men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Davidović Cvetko
- Health Studies Department, College of Applied Sciences Lavoslav Ruzicka in Vukovar, Županijska 50, 32000, Vukovar, Croatia
| | - Nebojša Nešić
- Health Studies Department, College of Applied Sciences Lavoslav Ruzicka in Vukovar, Županijska 50, 32000, Vukovar, Croatia
| | - Anita Matić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000, Osijek, Croatia.,Scientific Centre of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Jasminka Milas Ahić
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital Centre Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000, Osijek, Croatia. .,Scientific Centre of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, 31000, Osijek, Croatia.
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14
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Sian TS, Inns T, Gates A, Doleman B, Gharahdaghi N, Atherton PJ, Lund JN, Phillips BE. Short-Term, Equipment-Free High Intensity Interval Training Elicits Significant Improvements in Cardiorespiratory Fitness Irrespective of Supervision in Early Adulthood. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:697518. [PMID: 34381998 PMCID: PMC8349982 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.697518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Serious health implications from having low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and being overweight in young adulthood are carried forward into later life. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time-effective, potent stimulus for improving CRF and indices of cardiometabolic health. To date, few studies have investigated the use of equipment-free HIIT or the impact of supervision for improving CRF via HIIT. Methods: Thirty healthy young adults (18-30 y) were randomised to 4 weeks (12 sessions) equipment-free, bodyweight based supervised laboratory HIIT (L-HIIT), unsupervised home HIIT (H-HIIT) or no-intervention (CON). Utilised exercises were star jumps, squats and standing sprints. Measurements of CRF (anaerobic threshold (AT) and VO2peak), blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), blood glucose and plasma insulin by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and muscle architecture were performed at baseline and after the intervention. Results: When compared to the control group, both HIIT protocols improved CRF (AT: L-HIIT mean difference compared to the control group (MD) +2.1 (95% CI: 0.34-4.03) ml/kg/min; p = 0.02; H-HIIT MD +3.01 (1.17-4.85) ml/kg/min; p = 0.002), VO2peak: L-HIIT (MD +2.94 (0.64-5.25) ml/kg/min; p = 0.01; H-HIIT MD +2.55 (0.34-4.76) ml/kg/min; p = 0.03), BMI (L-HIIT MD -0.43 (-0.86 to 0.00) kg/m2; p = 0.05; H-HIIT: MD -0.51 (-0.95 to -0.07) kg/m2; p = 0.03) and m. vastus lateralis pennation angle (L-HIIT MD 0.2 (0.13-0.27)°; p < 0.001; H-HIIT MD 0.17 (0.09 to 0.24)°; p < 0.001). There was no significant change in BP, blood glucose or plasma insulin in any of the groups. Conclusions: Four weeks time-efficient, equipment-free, bodyweight-based HIIT is able to elicit improvements in CRF irrespective of supervision status. Unsupervised HIIT may be a useful tool for counteracting the rise of sedentary behaviours and consequent cardiometabolic disorders in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir S Sian
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom.,Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, Royal Derby Hospital, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Inns
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Gates
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Brett Doleman
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, Royal Derby Hospital, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Nima Gharahdaghi
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jon N Lund
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom.,Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia, Royal Derby Hospital, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Bethan E Phillips
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
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15
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Callahan MJ, Parr EB, Hawley JA, Camera DM. Can High-Intensity Interval Training Promote Skeletal Muscle Anabolism? Sports Med 2021; 51:405-421. [PMID: 33512698 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exercise training in combination with optimal nutritional support is an effective strategy to maintain or increase skeletal muscle mass. A single bout of resistance exercise undertaken with adequate protein availability increases rates of muscle protein synthesis and, when repeated over weeks and months, leads to increased muscle fiber size. While resistance-based training is considered the 'gold standard' for promoting muscle hypertrophy, other modes of exercise may be able to promote gains in muscle mass. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) comprises short bouts of exercise at or above the power output/speed that elicits individual maximal aerobic capacity, placing high tensile stress on skeletal muscle, and somewhat resembling the demands of resistance exercise. While HIIT induces rapid increases in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, the anabolic potential of HIIT for promoting concurrent gains in muscle mass and cardiorespiratory fitness has received less scientific inquiry. In this review, we discuss studies that have determined muscle growth responses after HIIT, with a focus on molecular responses, that provide a rationale for HIIT to be implemented among populations who are susceptible to muscle loss (e.g. middle-aged or older adults) and/or in clinical settings (e.g. pre- or post-surgery).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Callahan
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, 215 Spring street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Evelyn B Parr
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, 215 Spring street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - John A Hawley
- Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, 215 Spring street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Donny M Camera
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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16
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Honda A, Kon M, Matsubayashi T, Suzuki Y. Short-Term Intermittent Hypoxic Resistance Training Does Not Impair Osteogenic Response in Sea Level Residents. High Alt Med Biol 2020; 21:160-166. [PMID: 32013568 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2019.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteogenic responses induced by training under hypoxia remain unclear. We aimed to investigate whether intermittent hypoxic resistance training affects osteogenic responses. Materials and Methods: Sixteen male participants underwent resistance training under normoxia (NRT; n = 7) or hypoxia (HRT; O2 = 14.4%, n = 9), twice a week for 8 weeks. The HRT group exercised and rested for 30 minutes under hypoxia, with total hypoxic exposure time in one session of ∼60 minutes. At pre- and postexperiment, bone mineral density (BMD) of the whole body and right proximal femur was measured. At the first and last training sessions, bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteocalcin (OC), cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx), type I collagen cross-linked C-telopeptide (ICTP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and blood lactate (La) concentration were analyzed at rest and postexercise. Results: BMD did not change with training and hypoxia. Although BAP, OC, and ICTP levels at rest significantly increased with training (p < 0.01, 0.05, and 0.05, respectively), they did not change with hypoxia. NTx and IL-6 did not change. Additionally, changing patterns of bone markers and La induced by a single bout of exercise were similar among groups in both training sessions. Conclusions: Short-term resistance training enhanced overall bone metabolism, regardless of the oxygen level. Hypoxia has no effects on osteogenic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Honda
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Asahi University, Mizuho, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kon
- School of International Liberal Studies, Chukyo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeo Matsubayashi
- Department of Sports Sciences, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Kita-ku, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Sports Sciences, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Kita-ku, Japan
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17
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Nezamdoost Z, Saghebjoo M, Hoshyar R, Hedayati M, Keska A. High-Intensity Training and Saffron: Effects on Breast Cancer-related Gene Expression. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:1470-1476. [PMID: 31977642 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exercise training and some herbal components have an anticancer function and can suppress tumor growth. However, the role of these protective factors in altering breast cancer-related gene expression is still unknown. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effect of 4 wk of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and saffron (Crocus sativus L.) aqueous extract (SAE) on Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), and p53 gene expression in female mice breast tumor tissue induced by 4T1 cell line. METHODS This study was performed on female BALB/c mice. The 4T1 breast cancer cells were subcutaneously implanted, and mice were randomly sorted into the following groups: control, HIIT, SAE, HIIT + SAE (n = 10 mice per group), and sham (n = 4 mice per group). Mice were sacrificed at the end of the intervention period, and the expression of SIRT-1, hTERT, and p53 was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The mRNA level of SIRT1 was increased in the HIIT + SAE group compared with the HIIT and control groups (P = 0.007 and P = 0.03, respectively). Moreover, the amount of mRNA of p53 was increased after a 4-wk HIIT compared with the control and HIIT + SAE groups in tumor tissue (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02, respectively). No change was found in the mRNA expression of hTERT between groups (P = 0.92). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that HIIT may reduce tumor burden through the upregulation of p53 associated with tumor suppression pathway. In contrast, the combination of HIIT and SAE did not alter p53 and SIRT1 expression levels and may suppress tumor growth by other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Nezamdoost
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, IRAN
| | - Marziyeh Saghebjoo
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, IRAN
| | | | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRAN
| | - Anna Keska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biology, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, POLAND
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Ahmadabadi F, Saghebjoo M, Huang CJ, Saffari I, Zardast M. The effects of high-intensity interval training and saffron aqueous extract supplementation on alterations of body weight and apoptotic indices in skeletal muscle of 4T1 breast cancer-bearing mice with cachexia. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:555-563. [PMID: 31935119 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Exercise training and antioxidant supplementation may improve unintentional weight loss and programmed cell death associated with cancer cachexia. The aim of this study was to examine the alterations of body weight and apoptotic indices in skeletal muscle of 4T1 breast cancer-bearing mice with cachexia following 4 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and saffron aqueous extract (SAE) supplementation. Female BALB/c mice following induction of breast cancer were divided into (i) controls, (ii) HIIT, (iii) SAE, (iv) HIIT+SAE, and (v) sham groups. Mice were euthanized and gastrocnemius muscle was collected after intervention. The control group elicited a significant weight reduction during third and fourth weeks of tumor injection, while other treatments such as HIIT and SAE, but not HIIT+SAE, showed that they counteracted this adverse event. Furthermore, HIIT and SAE treatments (not HIIT+SAE) demonstrated reduced caspase-3 and Bax levels compared with the control group. The level of Bcl-2 was elevated following both HIIT and SAE treatments compared with the control group. Finally, the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax was significantly higher in both HIIT and SAE groups, but was lower in HIIT+SAE group compared with sham group. It is likely that either HIIT or SAE intervention alone (not HIIT+SAE) represents a readily applicable approach in the regulation of muscle wasting and apoptosis in cancer cachexia. Novelty HIIT is associated with a reduced risk of cancer-related muscle wasting. SAE enhances the improvement of muscle loss and apoptotic indices. Combination of HIIT and SAE does not improve cancer-related loss of muscle mass and mediate apoptotic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Ahmadabadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Saghebjoo
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Chun-Jung Huang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Iman Saffari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Zardast
- Department of Pathology, Birjand Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Evans W, Nevill A, McLaren SJ, Ditroilo M. The effect of intermittent running on biomarkers of bone turnover. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 20:505-515. [PMID: 31322477 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1646811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent exercise might be an efficient means of exercise for improving bone strength and quality. The aim of our study was to examine the effect of intermittent running on bone turnover markers using altered exercise-to-rest intervals. Twelve males completed one control (no exercise), and three, 45-min intermittent protocols (5, 20, and 80 s intervals) matched for distance and speed. Fasted venous blood samples were collected at baseline, 1, 2 and 24 h post-exercise. Carboxyterminal crosslinked telopeptide (CTX-I) and procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP) were used as markers of bone resorption and formation. After adjustment for baseline, CTX-I concentration at 1 h was higher (very likely to most likely small) for 5 s (30.2%; ±90% confidence limits: 10%), 20 s (2.9.0%; ±10%) and 80 s (32.0%; ±10%) compared to control. The very likely small effect remained for 5 s at 2 h (30.2%; ±15%). The effect for 20 and 80 s was possibly trivial and possibly small/possibly trivial (∼14.5%; ±∼15%). Differences in P1NP concentrations were likely to very likely trivial (∼7.4%; ±∼7.6%). Circulating CTX-I concentration is affected acutely by intermittent running with short-interval (5 s) intermittent loading resulting in a prolonged attenuation in circadian rhythm of CTX-I up to 2 h that was not demonstrated as clearly by longer intervals despite matched internal and external training load.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Evans
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
| | - A Nevill
- Faculty of Education, Health & Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - S J McLaren
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,The Rugby Football League, Leeds, UK
| | - M Ditroilo
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Touron J, Perrault H, Julian V, Maisonnave L, Deat P, Auclair-Ronzaud J, Salles J, Walrand S, Hermet J, Rigaudiere JP, Lebecque P, Malpuech-Brugere C, Montaurier C, Pereira B, Coxam V, Costes F, Richard R. Impact of Eccentric or Concentric Training on Body Composition and Energy Expenditure. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:1944-1953. [PMID: 30920487 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effects of 8-wk eccentric (ECC) versus concentric (CON) training using downhill and uphill running in rats on whole body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), and energy expenditure. METHODS Animals were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: 1) control (CTRL), 2) +15% uphill-running slope (CON), 3) -15% downhill-running slope (ECC15), and 4) -30% downhill-running slope (ECC30). Those programs enabled to achieve conditions of isopower output for CON and ECC15 and of iso-oxygen uptake (V˙O2) for CON and ECC30. Trained rats ran 45 min at 15 m·min five times per week. Total body mass, fat body mass, and lean body mass (LBM) measured through EchoMRI™, and 24-h energy expenditure including basal metabolic rate (BMR) assessed using PhenoMaster/LabMaster™ cage system were obtained before and after training. At sacrifice, the right femur was collected for bone parameters analysis. RESULTS Although total body mass increased in all groups over the 8-wk period, almost no change occurred for fat body mass in exercised groups (CON, -4.8 ± 6.18 g; ECC15, 0.6 ± 3.32 g; ECC30, 2.6 ± 6.01 g). The gain in LBM was mainly seen for ECC15 (88.9 ± 6.85 g) and ECC30 (101.6 ± 11.07 g). ECC was also seen to positively affect BMD. An increase in BMR from baseline was seen in exercise groups (CON, 13.9 ± 4.13 kJ·d; ECC15, 11.6 ± 5.10 kJ·d; ECC30, 18.3 ± 4.33 kJ·d) but not in CTRL one. This difference disappeared when BMR was normalized for LBM. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that for iso-V˙O2 training, the impact on LBM and BMD is enhanced with ECC as compared with CON, and that for isopower but lower V˙O2 ECC, an important stimulus for adaptation is still observed. This provides further insights for the use of ECC in populations with cardiorespiratory exercise limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne Touron
- Human Nutrition Unit, ASMS Team, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
| | - Hélène Perrault
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CANADA
| | - Valérie Julian
- Human Nutrition Unit, ASMS Team, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE.,Department of Sports Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
| | - Laura Maisonnave
- Human Nutrition Unit, ASMS Team, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
| | - Philippe Deat
- Human Nutrition Unit, ASMS Team, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
| | | | - Jérôme Salles
- Human Nutrition Unit, ASMS Team, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
| | - Stéphane Walrand
- Human Nutrition Unit, ASMS Team, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
| | | | | | - Patrice Lebecque
- Human Nutrition Unit, ASMS Team, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
| | | | | | - Bruno Pereira
- Delegation to Clinical Research and Innovation, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
| | - Véronique Coxam
- Human Nutrition Unit, ASMS Team, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
| | - Frédéric Costes
- Human Nutrition Unit, ASMS Team, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE.,Department of Sports Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
| | - Ruddy Richard
- Human Nutrition Unit, ASMS Team, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE.,Department of Sports Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
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An Increase in Fat Mass Index Predicts a Deterioration of Running Speed. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030701. [PMID: 30934655 PMCID: PMC6471649 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A low fat mass is associated with a good running performance. This study explores whether modifications in body composition predicted changes in running speed. We included people who underwent several measurements of body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis between 1999 and 2016, at the “Course de l’Escalade”, taking place yearly in Geneva. Body composition was reported as a fat-free mass index (FFMI) and fat mass index (FMI). Running distances (men: 7.2 km; women: 4.8 km) and running times were used to calculate speed in km/h. We performed multivariate linear mixed regression models to determine whether modifications of body mass index, FFMI, FMI or the combination of FFMI and FMI predicted changes in running speed. The study population included 377 women (1419 observations) and 509 men (2161 observations). Changes in running speed were best predicted by the combination of FFMI and FMI. Running speed improved with a reduction of FMI in both sexes (women: ß −0.31; 95% CI −0.35 to −0.27, p < 0.001. men: ß −0.43; 95% CI −0.48 to −0.39, p < 0.001) and a reduction of FFMI in men (ß −0.20; 95% CI −0.26 to −0.15, p < 0.001). Adjusted for body composition, the decline in running performance occurred from 50 years onward, but appeared earlier with a body mass, FFMI or FMI above the median value at baseline. Changes of running speed are determined mostly by changes in FMI. The decline in running performance occurs from 50 years onward but appears earlier in people with a high body mass index, FFMI or FMI at baseline.
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