Key message: Several AC Proteus derived genomic regions (QTLs, SNPs) have been identified which may prove useful for further development of high yielding high protein cultivars and allele-specific marker developments. High seed protein content is a trait which is typically difficult to introgress into soybean without an accompanying reduction in seed yield. In a previous study, 'AC Proteus' was used as a high protein source and was found to produce populations that did not exhibit the typical association between high protein and low yield. Five high x low protein RIL populations and a high x high protein RIL population were evaluated by either quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis or bulk segregant analyses (BSA) following phenotyping in the field. QTL analysis in one population using SSR, DArT and DArTseq markers found two QTLs for seed protein content on chromosomes 15 and 20. The BSA analyses suggested multiple genomic regions are involved with high protein content across the five populations, including the two previously mentioned QTLs. In an alternative approach to identify high protein genes, pedigree analysis identified SNPs for which the allele associated with high protein was retained in seven high protein descendants of AC Proteus on chromosomes 2, 17 and 18. Aside from the two identified QTLs (five genomic regions in total considering the two with highly elevated test statistic, but below the statistical threshold and the one with epistatic interactions) which were some distance from Meta-QTL regions and which were also supported by our BSA analysis within five populations. These high protein regions may prove useful for further development of high yielding high protein cultivars.

At adverse environmental conditions, plants produce various kinds of primary and secondary metabolites to protect themselves. Both primary and secondary metabolites play a significant role during the heat, drought, salinity, genotoxic and cold conditions. A multigene response is activated during the progression of these stresses in the plants which stimulate changes in various signaling molecules, amino acids, proteins, primary and secondary metabolites. Plant metabolism is perturbed because of either the inhibition of metabolic enzymes, shortage of substrates, excess demand for specific compounds or a combination of these factors. In this review, we aim to present how plants synthesize different kinds of natural products during the perception of various abiotic stresses. We also discuss how time-scale variable stresses influence secondary metabolite profiles, could be used as a stress marker in plants. This article has the potential to get the attention of researchers working in the area of quantitative trait locus mapping using metabolites as well as metabolomics genome-wide association.