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Bahrami R, Pourhajibagher M, Gharibpour F, Hosseini S, Bahador A. The impact of low-level laser therapy (photobiomodulation) on the complications associated with conventional dental treatments and oral disorders: A literature review. J Dent Sci 2025; 20:901-910. [PMID: 40224050 PMCID: PMC11993076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2024.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) refers to how oral conditions impact an individual's social interactions and positive perception of their dental and facial appearance. OHRQoL is a crucial patient-reported outcome in dentistry and typically includes four key dimensions: Oral Function, orofacial pain, orofacial appearance, and Psychosocial impact. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) is a widely used tool for evaluating OHRQoL due to its strong psychometric properties. It focuses on how individuals perceive the repercussions of oral health issues. Complications arising from oral disorders and dental procedures can significantly disrupt a patient's daily routine, affecting aspects such as diet, sleep, physical activities, and work immediately following the intervention, thereby impacting their overall OHRQoL. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), also known as "photobiomodulation," has emerged as a promising adjunctive treatment option to reduce inflammation, expedite the healing process, and enhance patients' OHRQoL. LLLT influences various cellular functions, including adenosine triphosphate production, protein and prostaglandin synthesis, neurotransmitter release, cellular growth, differentiation, and phagocytosis. Considering the significance of how oral health issues and associated treatment complications affect patients' OHRQoL, this study aimed to review patient-centered outcome measures in the context of LLLT to evaluate its impact on the complications associated with conventional dental treatments and oral disorders and patients' OHRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashin Bahrami
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Gharibpour
- Dental Sciences Research Center, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sepideh Hosseini
- Dental Sciences Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Li P, Li Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Wen Z, Zhang P. Theoretical Investigation of a New Physical Method for Fat Removal by Melting: A Case Study of Caprate Triglyceride. ACS OMEGA 2025; 10:11354-11358. [PMID: 40160750 PMCID: PMC11947804 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c11242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2025] [Accepted: 02/20/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025]
Abstract
Obesity is the most common unhealthy characteristic; it not only makes people feel troubled about their appearance but also causes many diseases that threaten people's health and lives. Liposuction is a widely promoted plastic surgery technique for removing excess fat from people with obesity. Typically, liposuction involves the application of vibration to break fat cells and, thus, can cause harm to the body. This paper describes a theoretical proposal for the use of a selected-frequency terahertz laser as a new physical approach for quickly removing fat by melting. Tricaprin, a medium-chain triglyceride, was examined in a case study that involved first-principles density functional theory calculations, together with infrared absorption and Raman scattering experiments. The vibrational mode of the highest infrared absorption peak of tricaprin (1763 cm-1 (simulation), 1735 cm-1 (experiment)) was found to represent a carbonyl group (C=O) stretching vibration. Due to the high electronegativity of oxygen, this C=O bond is strongly correlated with intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Thus, it efficiently absorbs energy, enabling a rapid breakdown of the solid structure of tricaprin. This process could potentially be applied as a weight-loss treatment, as tricaprin is present in triglycerides, which are the typical component of fat. In addition, this process could be used in medical physics applications such as for the treatment of arteriosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Li
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Nuclear Energy Technology
and Comprehensive Utilization, Weihai Frontier Innovation Institute
of Nuclear Technology, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
- School
of Space Science and Technology, Shandong
University, Weihai 264209, China
- SDU-ANU
Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Yining Li
- School
of Space Science and Technology, Shandong
University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Yawen Li
- School
of Space Science and Technology, Shandong
University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- School
of Space Science and Technology, Shandong
University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Zhengfei Wen
- School
of Space Science and Technology, Shandong
University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Nuclear Energy Technology
and Comprehensive Utilization, Weihai Frontier Innovation Institute
of Nuclear Technology, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
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Braitenbach BPDF, Cerqueira CBSD, Lima SS, Hegouet IDC, Moreno BCL, Medrado ARAP. Effects of photobiomodulation on adipocytic infiltration in sites of skin healing: in vivo experimental study. Lasers Med Sci 2025; 40:153. [PMID: 40111643 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-025-04410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2025] [Indexed: 03/22/2025]
Abstract
Adipocyte infiltration consists of a temporary increase in the number of adipocytes in the microenvironment of tissue injury. There is already evidence in the literature of adipocytes' participation in promoting the inflammatory response, and parallelly laser photobiomodulation can benefit the tissue repair process. This study aimed to chronologically analyze adipocytic infiltration in the repair of photobiomodulated skin wounds experimentally induced in rats through histomorphometric analysis. The sample consisted of 20 rats divided into 2 groups: control group and group subjected to laser photobiomodulation. The skin portions of the back of rats were processed and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin in 4 μm thick sections including the surgical wound 5 and 10 days after the proposed treatments. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed by capturing images of tissue sections, describing the organizational pattern of adipocytes around the surgical wound and counting individual adipocytes in the connective tissue in formation. Adipocytic infiltration was observed in both experimental groups on the 5th day, with a decrease on the 10th day. The group treated with photobiomodulation presented a greater number of adipocytes compared to the control group, in both periods analyzed. The findings of the present study seem to corroborate the literature, which indicates that adipose cells might stimulate inflammation and repair, and photobiomodulation can enhance these effects, since it aids the process of adipocytic infiltration in the injured area. Clinical trial number: Not applicable.
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Zhao Y, Chen Z, Xie S, Xiao F, Hu Q, Ju Z. The emerging role and therapeutical implications of ferroptosis in wound healing. BURNS & TRAUMA 2025; 13:tkae082. [PMID: 39958433 PMCID: PMC11827611 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkae082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 11/11/2024] [Accepted: 12/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2025]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex biological process involving multiple steps, including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. A novel form of regulated cell death, ferroptosis, has garnered attention because of its involvement in these processes. Ferroptosis is characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides and is tightly regulated by lipid metabolism, iron metabolism, and the lipid-peroxide repair network, all of which exert a significant influence on wound healing. This review highlights the current findings and emerging concepts regarding the multifaceted roles of ferroptosis throughout the stages of normal and chronic wound healing. Additionally, the potential of targeted interventions aimed at modulating ferroptosis to improve wound-healing outcomes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, No. 601, Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhiyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, No. 601, Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shenghao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, No. 601, Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, No. 601, Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, No. 601, Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhenyu Ju
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, No. 601, Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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Glass GE, Mérai A, Molnár S, Clayton P. The Use of a Proprietary Near-Infrared Laser to Enhance Wound Healing: A Preliminary Preclinical and Clinical Study. Aesthet Surg J Open Forum 2025; 7:ojaf009. [PMID: 40201332 PMCID: PMC11975535 DOI: 10.1093/asjof/ojaf009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Nonthermal light energy has been used to enhance wound healing. This is known as photobiomodulation. Although preclinical evidence is largely based on laser light, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) form the mainstay of clinical studies owing to the lack of available lasers for nonclinical use. However, it is speculated the 2 technologies exhibit dissimilar biological responses. Objectives The influence of a new, commercially available near-infrared laser device on the gene expression profile of human skin relative to an equivalent, near-infrared LED device was evaluated. Additionally, the wound healing potential of the device was examined in practice. Methods Defatted human skin was exposed to the laser (3), LED (3), or negative control (3) for 5 days. On Day 6, skin samples were biopsied for ribonucleic acid extraction and gene expression assays run for 107 genes of interest. Twenty patients with chronic wounds were randomized to receive standard wound care ± laser therapy 3 times weekly for 4 weeks, and wounds were analyzed for healing. Results The laser altered expression of 45 genes. Highly up-regulated genes (>5-fold change) included those implicated in wound healing and antiaging, whereas highly down-regulated genes included those implicated in inflammation and extracellular matrix integrity. The LED device altered expression of only 1 gene relative to negative controls. The laser reduced mean wound area by 78% and healed 4 of 10 wounds completely. In contrast, 8 of 10 of those receiving standard care exhibited no change. Conclusions A proprietary near-infrared laser exhibited superior ability to influence gene expression in healthy skin than an equivalent LED device and induced the healing of chronic wounds. Level of Evidence 2 Therapeutic
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme E Glass
- Corresponding Author: Dr Graeme E. Glass, C1, 120, 1st Floor OPC, Al-Gharrafa St, Ar-Rayyan, Doha, State of Qatar. E-mail: ; Twitter: @drgraemeglass
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Özkan Karasu Y, Öner F, Kantarci A. Neutrophil response to Porphyromonas gingivalis is modulated by low-level laser application. Oral Dis 2024; 30:5268-5273. [PMID: 38591787 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neutrophil response is critical in inflammatory regulation and immune response to bacterial infections. During periodontal disease, pathogenic bacteria lead to exaggerated neutrophil responses. We hypothesized that low-level laser application (LLLT), therapeutic strategy for dampening inflammatory processes, will regulate neutrophil activity in response to periodontopathogens. MATERIALS AND METHODS The impact of LLLT on neutrophil responses was measured by light delivered at wavelength of 850 nm. The direct effect of LLLT on P. gingivalis A7436 was determined by flow cytometry using LIVE/DEADTM Cell Vitality kit. The phagocytosis of P. gingivalis A7436 by human neutrophils was measured using flow cytometry. Superoxide generation was measured by cytochrome-C-reduction in the presence of N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP; 1 mM). Cytokine release by neutrophils was measured by multiplex immunoassay. RESULTS The phagocytosis of P. gingivalis by primary human neutrophils was significantly reduced in response to LLLT (p < 0.05). While LLLT led to increased superoxide production in neutrophils that were not challenged by P. gingivalis, it dampened the increased superoxide and IL-6 release by the neutrophils in response to P. gingivalis. LLLT did not directly affect the viability of P. gingivalis. CONCLUSION These results suggested that LLLT can provide therapeutic strategy in periodontal disease, regulating the neutrophil response to P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerda Özkan Karasu
- ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatma Öner
- ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Vargas D, Segat H, Gehrcke M, Prado VC, Roversi K, Muller SG, do Nascimento PS, Nogueira CW, Burger ME, Elias F, Gruchouskei L, Cruz L, Muller DCDM. Indole-3-carbinol loaded-nanocapsules modulated inflammatory and oxidative damages and increase skin wound healing in rats. Free Radic Res 2024; 58:367-379. [PMID: 38962912 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2024.2375200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of topically applied hydrogels (HG) containing nanoencapsulated indol-3-carbinol (I3C) and its free form in a rat model of skin wounds. Formulations were topically applied twice a day for five days to the wounds. On days 1, 3, and 6, the wound area was measured to verify the % of regression. On the sixth day, the animals were euthanized for the analysis of the inflammatory and oxidative profile in wounds. The nanocapsules (NC) exhibited physicochemical characteristics compatible with this kind of suspension. After five hours of exposure to ultraviolet C, more than 78% of I3C content in the suspensions was still observed. The NC-I3C did not modify the physicochemical characteristics of HG when compared to the HG base. In the in vivo study, an increase in the size of the wound was observed on the 3rd experimental day, which was lower in the treated groups (mainly in HG-NC-I3C) compared to the control. On the 6th day, HG-I3C, HG-NC-B, and HG-NC-I3C showed lower regression of the wound compared to the control. Additionally, HG-NC-I3C exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect (as observed by decreased levels of interleukin-1B and myeloperoxidase), reduced oxidative damage (by decreased reactive species, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation levels), and increased antioxidant defense (by improved catalase activity and vitamin C levels) compared to the control. The current study showed more satisfactory results in the HG-NC-I3C group than in the free form of I3C in decreasing acute inflammation and oxidative damage in wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vargas
- Veterinary Medicine Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria City, Brazil
| | - Hecson Segat
- Campus Itaqui, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui city, Brazil
| | - Mailine Gehrcke
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria city, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Costa Prado
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria city, Brazil
| | - Karine Roversi
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sabrina Grendene Muller
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria City, Brazil
| | | | - Cristina Wayne Nogueira
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria City, Brazil
| | - Marilise Escobar Burger
- Pharmacology Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria City, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Elias
- Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Realeza City, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Gruchouskei
- Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Realeza City, Brazil
| | - Letícia Cruz
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria city, Brazil
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Rupel K, Cornacchia A, Poiani M, Mohamed S, De Bellis E, Ballerini M, Bogdan Preda TM, Poropat A, Di Lenarda R, Zaja F, Biasotto M, Ottaviani G. Preventive versus curative photobiomodulation for oral mucositis in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: which approach is more effective? Support Care Cancer 2024; 32:208. [PMID: 38438625 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is increasing evidence that photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy is both an effective and safe approach in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for both prevention and management of oral mucositis (OM), but its use in clinical practice is still limited and the timing of application is under discussion. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate possible differences between patients treated either with preventive or curative PBM therapy. METHODS The retrospective case series included 24 patients suffering from multiple myeloma who underwent the same conditioning and transplantation protocol. Patients were treated either with preventive PBM starting from the first day of conditioning up to two days post-HSCT or with curative PBM (starting at OM onset for four consecutive days). OM score, pain, and functional parameters were recorded. RESULTS All patients developed OM. Preventive PBM was significantly more effective in reducing OM severity (p < 0.0001) and pain (p < 0.0001) post-HSCT than curative PBM. Furthermore, we found a lower number of patients reporting discomfort in all subjective parameters (pain during swallowing, chewing, and speaking) in the preventive PBM group. No adverse events related to PBM therapy were recorded in both groups. CONCLUSION The timing for PBM therapy in patients undergoing HSCT is crucial: when started on the first day of conditioning, it significantly reduces both pain and OM severity, providing an important benefit also in subjective oral functions such as speaking, swallowing, and chewing, thus increasing the overall adherence to the oncological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Rupel
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Arianna Cornacchia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Monica Poiani
- UCO Hematology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sara Mohamed
- UCO Hematology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Trieste, Italy
| | - Eleonora De Bellis
- UCO Hematology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mario Ballerini
- UCO Hematology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Augusto Poropat
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Lenarda
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Zaja
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- UCO Hematology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Biasotto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Ottaviani
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Astuti SD, Febriastri AR, Mukti AT, Yaqubi AK, Susilo Y, Syahrom A. Photobiomodulation effect of infra-red laser on the level of gonad maturity in the Simese Catfish ( Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Heliyon 2023; 9:e23253. [PMID: 38149202 PMCID: PMC10750059 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine how photo biomodulation therapy utilizing infrared diode laser irradiation (975.2 nm) affects the gonadal maturity level (GML) of male Siamese catfish (Pan-gasianodon hypothalamus). The interest in applying laser therapy in medicine and dentistry has remarkably increased in the last decade. Different types of lasers are available, and their usage is well-defined by different parameters, such as wavelength, energy density, power output, duration of radiation, power density and radiation mode. Infrared diode laser irradiation is used at the reproductive point (governor's vessel), situated 2/3 of the way between the anus and the pectoral fin. This study examined the metrics GML, gonads somatic index, and hepatosomatic index. The treatments were Control+ (ovaprim), Control- (without the treatment), P1 (0.2 J/cm2), P2 (0.4 J/cm2), P3 (0.6 J/cm2), and P4 (0.8 J/cm2). Therapy with infrared diode laser irradiation can modify gonad maturity (GML), gonadosomal index, and hepatosomatic index in male Siamese catfish. The photobiomodulation effect of an infrared laser stimulated the gonadal maturation of Siamese catfish. This is based on the values of wavelength (nm), power (mW), beam area (cm2), time (s), radiation mode (rad) and energy dose (J/cm2) in Control- (no treatment), control+ (ovaprim), P1, P2, P3, and P4. The increase in the observed parameter values is due to the vitellogenesis process. The fish gonads at the GML IV had the highest GML at P2 (dose 0.4 J/cm2), with a GSI value of 1.02% and an HSI value of 1.46%. According to the study's findings, photo biomodulation therapy with infrared diode laser exposure at a dose of 0.4 J/cm2 is the best way to increase the gonad maturity of male Siamese catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryani Dyah Astuti
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Airlangga University, 60115, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Akhmad Taufiq Mukti
- Department of Fish Health and Aquaculture Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Affairs, Airlangga University, 60115, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Khalil Yaqubi
- Doctoral Program Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, 60115, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yunus Susilo
- Faculty of Engineering, Dr Soetomo University, 60118, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ardiansyah Syahrom
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
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Polat B, Okur DT, Çolak A, Okur S, Özkaraca M, Yilmaz K. Comparison of three different dosages of low-level laser therapy on expression of cell proliferation and inflammatory markers following ovariohysterectomy in rats. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2023; 42:273-282. [PMID: 37624142 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2252075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to evaluate Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the healing of incisional wounds following ovariohysterectomy in rats, by means of subjective histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. A total of 72 female Wistar rats were categorised into four treatment groups (Group I; sacrification 4 hours following only one LLLT application, Group II; sacrification 7 days following only one LLLT application, Group III; sacrification 4 hours after two LLLT applications, and Group IV; sacrification 7 days after two LLLT applications). Each group was further divided into four different doses subgroups (Group Control [C, off mode LLLT application], L1 [1 J/cm2], L3 [3 J/cm2], and L6 [6 J/cm2]), with equal representation in each subgroup. Ovariohysterectomy was employed using two 2-cm-length midline abdominal incisions in the left and right sides of line alba. The Group C was assigned to the left side incision to each rat in the study. After irradiation, the tissue was subjected to histopathological analysis to determine the extent of mononuclear cell infiltration, edoema, and epithelialization. Additionally, immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pCNA) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Group L1 and L3 significantly decreased mononuclear cell infiltration compared with Group C in all treatment groups (p < 0.05). Group L3 significantly decreased edoema compared with Group C in all groups except for treatment Group I (p < 0.05). Group L2 and L3 significantly increased epithelization in treatment Group IV (p < 0.05). Moreover, Group L2 and L3 significantly increased pCNA in all groups, while L2 and L3 significantly decreased iNOS expression in treatment Group II, III, and IV (p < 0.05). However, no statistical difference was found between subgroups of treatment Group I in iNOS expiration (p > 0.05). The results of the current examination demonstrated that LLLT can modulate mononuclear cell infiltration and edoema, and improve epithelization, as well as increase pCNA expression, whereas decrease iNOS expression during the wound healing process, therefore enhancing wound healing following ovariohysterectomy in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bülent Polat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Bil-Tek, Ata Teknokent, Erzurum, TR, Turkey
| | - Damla Tuğçe Okur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Armağan Çolak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sıtkıcan Okur
- Department of Surgery, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Özkaraca
- Department of Pathology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Kader Yilmaz
- Celal Oruç Animal Production School, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı, Turkey
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Güneri P, Epstein JB, Bolukbasi G, Spielberger RT. Neutropenic ulcers in oncology: terminology, diagnosis, and management. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:716. [PMID: 37991547 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Neutropenic ulcerations are characterized by mucosal ulcerations which occur in the presence of neutropenia, suggesting a direct link between neutropenia and mucosal ulceration. An oral ulcer can be labeled as "neutropenic" only if the patients have primary (typically congenital) or secondary neutropenia, and neutropenia is the sole causative factor. Oral mucosal ulcers observed in patients undergoing oncologic therapy may also be termed as "neutropenic ulcers", but the pathogenesis of these oral ulcers more likely involves mucosal events related to trauma, microbial factors, and direct cytotoxicity. In cancer patients, the early appearance of oral ulcers is often attributed to oral mucositis which is a condition primarily caused by the direct mucosal cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy. Oral ulcers that develop later during or after active cancer therapy may result from intraoral trauma and typically manifest on non-keratinized areas of the oral mucosa which are more susceptible to mucosal damage. In patients undergoing chemotherapy, factors such as disturbances in mucosal barrier function as well as bone marrow suppression lead to reduced neutrophil count and function, and can contribute to the development of oral ulcers. While the etiology of oral ulcers in cancer therapy receiving patients can vary, it is important to emphasize that the host's response plays a crucial role in the progression and repair process of these lesions. This narrative review presents the etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, and potential management approaches for oral ulcerations in neutropenic patients, with a particular focus on clarifying the usage of the term "neutropenic ulcer" since this term lacks diagnostic specificity and can be misleading in clinical practice regarding the underlying causes and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Güneri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Ege University School of Dentistry, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Joel B Epstein
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Cedars Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gaye Bolukbasi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Ege University School of Dentistry, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Ricardo T Spielberger
- Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Department of BMT, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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12
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Watson AH, Brundage CM. Veterinary Dental Photobiomodulation: Assessing Post-Treatment Gingival Inflammation in Canines. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2023; 41:560-568. [PMID: 37788452 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This research aims to determine the effect photobiomodulation treatment has on oral inflammation after routine dental prophylaxis in canines. Background: Photobiomodulation therapy after dental procedures has been documented to reduce inflammation in human and animal models. Methods: Canines were randomly assigned into three groups: control group (CG; n = 15), left side treated group (LTG; n = 15), and right side treated group (RTG; n = 15). The canines in the treatment groups received four points of irradiation [GaAlInP-650 nm, continuous wave (CW), 0.1 W, 0.2 W/cm2, 100 sec, 10 J, 20 J/cm2]. The gingiva was evaluated by a veterinary investigator blinded to the treatment groups for erythema and edema on the day following treatment. Student's t-test and Student's paired t-test were used for data analysis. Results: Reductions in composite inflammation (p = 0.008) and erythema (p = 0.030) were observed in the LTG relative to the CG at the location of the left dental arcade. Reductions in composite inflammation (p = 0.025) and erythema (p = 0.013) were also observed in the combined treated arcades of the LTG and RTG when compared to the CG. Conclusions: The results indicate that the canines who received a single photobiomodulation treatment on the left dental arcade demonstrated a decrease in inflammation and erythema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea H Watson
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Cord M Brundage
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin La Crosse, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA
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13
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Qin X, He J, Wang X, Wang J, Yang R, Chen X. The functions and clinical application potential of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells on wound repair: a review of recent research advances. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1256687. [PMID: 37691943 PMCID: PMC10486026 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1256687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound repair is a complex problem for both clinical practitioners and scientific investigators. Conventional approaches to wound repair have been associated with several limitations, including prolonged treatment duration, high treatment expenses, and significant economic and psychological strain on patients. Consequently, there is a pressing demand for more efficacious and secure treatment modalities to enhance the existing treatment landscapes. In the field of wound repair, cell-free therapy, particularly the use of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos), has made notable advancements in recent years. Exosomes, which are small lipid bilayer vesicles discharged by MSCs, harbor bioactive constituents such as proteins, lipids, microRNA (miRNA), and messenger RNA (mRNA). These constituents facilitate material transfer and information exchange between the cells, thereby regulating their biological functions. This article presents a comprehensive survey of the function and mechanisms of MSC-Exos in the context of wound healing, emphasizing their beneficial impact on each phase of the process, including the regulation of the immune response, inhibition of inflammation, promotion of angiogenesis, advancement of cell proliferation and migration, and reduction of scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchi Qin
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingru Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
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14
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Singh PN, Byram PK, Das L, Chakravorty N. Natural Polymer-Based Thin Film Strategies for Skin Regeneration in Lieu of Regenerative Dentistry. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2023; 29:242-256. [PMID: 37171125 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2023.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing (WH) is a complex and dynamic process that comprises of a series of molecular and cellular events that occur after tissue injury. The injuries of the maxillofacial and oral region caused by trauma or surgery result in undesirable WH such as delayed wound closure and formation of scar tissue. Skin tissue engineering (TE)/regeneration is an emerging approach toward faster, superior, and more effective resolution of clinically significant wounds effectively. A multitude of TE principles approaches are being put to action for the fabrication of hydrogels, electrospun sheets, 3D scaffolds, and thin films that can be used as wound dressings materials, sutures, or skin substitutes. Thin films are advantageous over other materials owing to their flexibility, ability to provide a barrier against external contamination, easy gaseous exchange, and easy monitoring of wounds. This review focuses on wound-dressing films and their significance and discusses various fabrication techniques. In addition, we explore various natural biopolymers that can be used for fabrication of skin TE materials. Impact Statement In this review article, critical evaluations of natural polymers used in skin regeneration were discussed. Further, the fabrication technology of the 2D and 3D material in wound healing were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lopamudra Das
- School of Medical Science and Technology, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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15
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Benson J, Fry L, Rychel J. Use of Rehabilitation Therapy in Palliative Care Patients. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023; 53:897-919. [PMID: 37019719 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Palliative care is a unique area of veterinary medicine, where primary goals include maintaining quality of life, as opposed to treating with a curative intent. Using the disablement model and client partnership allows for the development of a function-targeted treatment plan individualized to patient and family needs. Rehabilitation modalities, especially when combined with adaptive pain management, are well-suited to palliative care because they can greatly enhance a patient's ability to achieve improved function and quality of life. These areas join in a concept called palliative rehabilitation which combines the unique needs of these patients and the tools accessible to the rehabilitation practitioner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeret Benson
- Doctor of Veterinary Medicine, Red Sage Integrative Veterinary Partners, 1006 Luke Street, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA
| | - Lindsey Fry
- Doctor of Veterinary Medicine and Diplomate of the American College of Veterinary, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, 1006 Luke Street, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA
| | - Jessica Rychel
- Doctor of Veterinary Medicine and Diplomate of the American College of Veterinary, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, 1006 Luke Street, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA.
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16
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Razavi P, Jafari A, Vescovi P, Fekrazad R. Efficacy of Adjunctive Photobiomodulation in the Management of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A Systematic Review. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022; 40:777-791. [PMID: 36507770 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2022.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a severe adverse medication response that manifests as progressive bone necrosis in the craniofacial area. There is still no clear treatment protocol for the management of MRONJ. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review to assess the efficacy of photobiomodulation (PBM) as an adjunct to MRONJ therapy. Methods: In line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, a literature search was performed on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. Two examiners examined eligibility and risk of bias separately before extracting data. Results: Two hundred sixty-nine articles were found through electronic search, out of which only 11 met the inclusion criteria and were included in qualitative synthesis (9 retrospectives, 1 prospective, and 1 case series). A total number of 759 patients and a mean age ranging from 54 to 74 years were reviewed. Females were the most frequent gender in all of the selected studies (72% females to 28% males), and the most frequent stage in the studies mentioned above was stage II (66%). Most of the studies had shown a significant improvement when PBM was used as an adjunctive treatment. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, PBM as an adjuvant therapy can significantly improve the outcomes of each treatment plan. However, surgical intervention for the complete healing of the lesions is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouyan Razavi
- Student Research Committee, Dental Faculty, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aryan Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Dental Faculty, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paolo Vescovi
- Unit of Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Laser therapy, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Center of Dentistry, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,International Network for Photo Medicine and Photodynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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17
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Taha MM, El-Nagar MM, Elrefaey BH, Elkholy RM, Ali OI, Alkhamees N, Felaya ESEES. Effect of Polarized Light Therapy (Bioptron) on Wound Healing and Microbiota in Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022; 40:792-799. [PMID: 36315226 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) complications are the most common cause of morbidity in diabetic patients. Bioptron light therapy is a new adjuvant therapy for wound healing. This study aimed to investigate the effect of polarized light therapy on the healing and microbial nature of DFUs. Methods: Forty type 2 diabetic patients with Wagner grade 1 or 2 DFUs were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the light therapy group, which received Bioptron light therapy using the Bioptron lamp for 12 min three times per week, plus standard wound care, or the control group, which received standard wound care only. Both interventions were given over a 2-month period. Wound surface area, volume, and ulcer microbial cultures were all measured before and after the study period. Results: There was a significant reduction in ulcer surface area between groups in favor of the light therapy group, with a relative ulcer size reduction of 51.44% ± 23.76% compared with 24.5% ± 9.6% in the control group (p < 0.001). Besides, a significant difference was observed between groups in the microbial cultures (p = 0.02); by the end of the 8th week, the number of patients with negative ulcer culture was 12 (60%) in the light therapy group compared with 3 (15%) in the control group. Conclusions: Bioptron light therapy seems to be an effective therapeutic intervention combined with standard care in decreasing wound size and reducing ulcer microbiota for DFUs. It reduces ulcer bacterial infection and speeds up ulcer healing. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04446767.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mohamed Taha
- Department of Rehabilitation, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai M El-Nagar
- Department of Epidemiology, Internal and Geriatric Ganzour Hospital, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Basant Hamdy Elrefaey
- Department of Physical Therapy for Internal Medicine, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medicine, King Khaled University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Mohsen Elkholy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Olfat Ibrahim Ali
- Department of Basic Science for Physical Therapy, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.,Physical Therapy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Alkhamees
- Department of Rehabilitation, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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18
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El-Gendy AO, Obaid Y, Ahmed E, Enwemeka CS, Hassan M, Mohamed T. The Antimicrobial Effect of Gold Quantum Dots and Femtosecond Laser Irradiation on the Growth Kinetics of Common Infectious Eye Pathogens: An In Vitro Study. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12213757. [PMID: 36364531 PMCID: PMC9654226 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We studied the antimicrobial effect of gold quantum dots (AuQDs), femtosecond laser irradiation, and the combined effect of laser irradiation and AuQD treatment against common infectious eye pathogens. The INSPIRE HF100 laser system (Spectra Physics) provided a femtosecond laser, which was pumped by a mode-locked femtosecond Ti: sapphire laser MAI TAI HP (Spectra Physics), while a Quanta-Ray nanosecond Nd: YAG laser (Spectra-Physics) was used to precisely synthesize 7.8, 8.7, and 11.6 nm spherical AuQDs. Then, the in vitro growth kinetics and growth rate analysis of E. coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, and Candida albicans (treated with the AuQDs, femtosecond laser irradiation, or combined laser and AuQDs treatment) was measured. The biocompatibility of the AuQDs with the retinal epithelial cell lines (ARPE-19) and their toxicity to the cells was assayed. The results showed that (1) in vitro irradiation using a 159 J/cm2 energy density obtained from the 400 nm femtosecond laser suppressed the growth of each of the five pathogens. (2) Similarly, treatment with the AuQDs was antimicrobial against the four bacteria. The AuQDs with an average size of 7.8 nm were more highly antimicrobial and biocompatible and were less cytotoxic than the larger AuQD sizes. (3) The combined femtosecond laser irradiation and AuQD treatment was more highly antimicrobial than each treatment alone. (4) The AuQD treatment did not impair the rate of wound closure in vitro. These findings suggest that combined femtosecond laser irradiation and AuQD treatment is significantly antimicrobial against Candida albicans, Gram-positive L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, and E. faecalis, as well as Gram-negative E. coli. The nontoxicity and biocompatibility of the AuQD particles tested suggest that this form of treatment may be clinically viable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O. El-Gendy
- Laser Institute for Research and Applications LIRA, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Yousif Obaid
- Anbar Health Department, Ministry of Health, Ramadi 31001, Iraq
| | - Esraa Ahmed
- Laser Institute for Research and Applications LIRA, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Chukuka S. Enwemeka
- College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Mansour Hassan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Tarek Mohamed
- Laser Institute for Research and Applications LIRA, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
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19
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Kheradmand A, Donboli S, Tanjani PT, Farhadinasab A, Tabeie F, Qutbi M, Kordmir T. Therapeutic Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Cognitive Symptoms of Patients with Dementia: A Double-Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022; 40:632-638. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kheradmand
- Department of Psychiatry, Taleghani Hospital Research Development Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sonia Donboli
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Taheri Tanjani
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdollah Farhadinasab
- Department of Psychiatry, Taleghani Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faraj Tabeie
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Qutbi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taleghani Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Kordmir
- Memory Clinic, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Liu H, Tan L, Fu G, Chen L, Tan H. Efficacy of Topical Intervention for Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: A Network Meta-Analysis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:771. [PMID: 35744034 PMCID: PMC9227309 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58060771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of topical interventions used for recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Materials and Methods: This network meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement. We searched four electronic databases, PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Embase, for randomized controlled trials reporting efficacy and safety data on topical interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis. We performed a quality evaluation using a methodology based on the Cochrane Handbook. Two authors independently extracted data on healing effect, size reduction effect, symptom reduction effect, recurrence and safety assessment. Network meta-analysis was then performed using ADDIS and RevMan. Results: A total of 72 trials (5272 subjects) involving 29 topical interventions were included. Honey, lnsulin liposome gel, laser, amlexanox, glycyrrhiza and triamcinolone had better efficacy performance. Probiotics and chlorhexidine helped to prolong ulcer intervals and reduce recurrence. Doxycycline and penicillin had a high risk of adverse events. Hematologic evaluation showed no preference. The rank possibility of size-reducing effect and symptom-reducing effect supported the short-term effect of laser and the long-term effect of probiotics. Conclusions: We recommend the use of laser as a short-term intervention during the exacerbation phase of RAS and probiotics as a long-term intervention during the exacerbation and remission phases of RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China;
| | - Lei Tan
- College of Nursing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China;
| | - Gege Fu
- First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China;
| | - Ling Chen
- The Center of Experimental Teaching Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hua Tan
- The Center of Experimental Teaching Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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21
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Lin H, Guo S, Li S, Shen J, He J, Zheng Y, Gao Z. Exploring Relevant mRNAs and miRNAs in Injured Urethral Tissues of Rats with High-Throughput Sequencing. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050824. [PMID: 35627209 PMCID: PMC9141346 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute urethral injuries caused by urethral endoscopy and other mechanical injuries are the main reasons for secondary infection and late urethral stricture. However, there are no studies to explore the transcriptomic changes in urethral injury and the molecular mechanism of urethral injury, which is important for the treatment and cure of urethral injury. Therefore, we used RNA-seq and sRNA-seq profiles from normal and injured urethral tissues to identify and characterize differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs. In total, we found 166 differentially expressed mRNAs, of which 69 were upregulated, and 97 were downregulated in injured urethral tissues. The differentially expressed mRNAs were mainly involved in the positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation, focal adhesion, cell adhesion molecules, protein activation cascade, complement activation, complement and coagulation cascades, and chemokine-mediated signaling pathway. Additionally, we found six upregulated and four downregulated miRNAs, respectively, in the injured urethral tissues. Notably, their target genes were involved in the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding, PI3k-Akt signaling pathway, and Notch signaling pathway. In summary, our results suggest that the cell damage response induced by mechanical injury activates the pathological immune response in a variety of ways in injured urethral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China; (H.L.); (S.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Shiyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China;
| | - Song Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China; (H.L.); (S.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jihong Shen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China; (H.L.); (S.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jianfeng He
- Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China;
| | - Yun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China; (H.L.); (S.L.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (Z.G.)
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22
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Chen FR, Manzi JE, Mehta N, Gulati A, Jones M. A Review of Laser Therapy and Low-Intensity Ultrasound for Chronic Pain States. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2022; 26:57-63. [PMID: 35133560 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-022-01003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic pain management therapies have expanded quickly over the past decade. In particular, the use of laser therapy and ultrasound in the management of chronic pain has risen in recent years. Understanding the uses of these types of therapies can better equip chronic pain specialists for managing complicated chronic pain syndromes. The purpose of this review was to summarize the current literature regarding laser radiation and ultrasound therapy used for managing chronic pain syndromes. RECENT FINDINGS In summary, there is stronger evidence supporting the usage of laser therapy for managing chronic pain states compared to low-intensity ultrasound therapies. As a monotherapy, laser therapy has proven to be beneficial in managing chronic pain in patients with a variety of pain syndromes. On the other hand, LIUS has less clear benefits as a monotherapy with an uncertain, optimal delivery method established. Both laser therapy and low-intensity ultrasound have proven beneficial in managing various pain syndromes and can be effective interventions, in particular, when utilized in combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank R Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Joseph E Manzi
- Department of Interventional Pain Medicine, New-York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Neel Mehta
- Department of Interventional Pain Medicine, New-York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Amitabh Gulati
- Department of Chronic Pain Management, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Mark Jones
- Department of Interventional Pain Medicine, New-York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA. .,Pain Medicine of the South, Knoxville, TN, 37934, USA.
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23
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Shekarchi F, Nokhbatolfoghahaei H, Chiniforush N, Mohaghegh S, Haeri Boroojeni HS, Amini S, Biria M. Evaluating the Preemptive Analgesic Effect of Photo-biomodulation Therapy on Pain Perception During Local Anesthesia Injection in Children: A Split-mouth Triple-blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 98:1195-1200. [PMID: 35122442 DOI: 10.1111/php.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the impact of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on injection pain perception and compare it with a topical oral anesthetic gel. A total of 30 patients of six to nine years old seeking pulpotomy treatment of maxillary secondary primary molars of both sides were considered for this split-mouth triple-blind randomized clinical trial. On one side of the maxilla, the low-level-laser (diode laser, 808 nm, 250 mW; 16.25 J; 32.5 J/cm2 ) was irradiated upon the buccal gingiva of the tooth, while a Benzocaine 20% topical anesthetic gel was applied on the other side. A gel with the same taste (strawberry) was applied for the placebo. The Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale was used to evaluate the injection pain and post-operation pain at two timestamps, one hour and 24 hours after treatment. Patients' heart rate was also evaluated. Paired-T, Wilcoxon-signed-rank test, McNemar and Friedman tests were used for statistical analyses. Results demonstrated that PBMT could significantly decrease the injection pain perception and heart rate alternations compared to the topical anesthetic gels (P=0.000). However, no significant differences were documented between the two methods concerning the 1hour (P=0.26) and 24-hours (P=1.00) post-operation pain. PBMT can be an effective non-pharmacological technique for controlling injection pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Shekarchi
- Department of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Nokhbatolfoghahaei
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadra Mohaghegh
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Helia Sadat Haeri Boroojeni
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soroush Amini
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Biria
- Department of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Troy E, Tilbury MA, Power AM, Wall JG. Nature-Based Biomaterials and Their Application in Biomedicine. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3321. [PMID: 34641137 PMCID: PMC8513057 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polymers, based on proteins or polysaccharides, have attracted increasing interest in recent years due to their broad potential uses in biomedicine. The chemical stability, structural versatility, biocompatibility and high availability of these materials lend them to diverse applications in areas such as tissue engineering, drug delivery and wound healing. Biomaterials purified from animal or plant sources have also been engineered to improve their structural properties or promote interactions with surrounding cells and tissues for improved in vivo performance, leading to novel applications as implantable devices, in controlled drug release and as surface coatings. This review describes biomaterials derived from and inspired by natural proteins and polysaccharides and highlights their promise across diverse biomedical fields. We outline current therapeutic applications of these nature-based materials and consider expected future developments in identifying and utilising innovative biomaterials in new biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Troy
- Microbiology, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland, NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (E.T.); (M.A.T.)
| | - Maura A. Tilbury
- Microbiology, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland, NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (E.T.); (M.A.T.)
- SFI Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM), NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Anne Marie Power
- Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
| | - J. Gerard Wall
- Microbiology, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland, NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (E.T.); (M.A.T.)
- SFI Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM), NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
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Laterally closed tunnel technique with and without adjunctive photobiomodulation therapy for the management of isolated gingival recession-a randomized controlled assessor-blinded clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:1625-1634. [PMID: 34545437 PMCID: PMC8452278 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this prospective randomized controlled single-center clinical trial was to prove the efficacy of adjunctive photobiomodulation in improving selected outcomes following the use of laterally closed tunnel technique for the management of isolated gingival recession. Nineteen participants (with isolated gingival recession) each treated by laterally closed tunnel technique were randomized to either add on treatment with control (sham laser application) or test group (photobiomodulation with 660 nm diode, 3.5 J/cm2 per point of application). The primary outcome variable was change in recession depth and secondary variables included recession width, width of keratinized gingiva, periodontal biotype, and VAS score for pain assessment and EHS index for early wound healing assessment. Analysis was performed using a linear mixed effects model. There were no significant differences in the gingival recession depth (p = 0.8324) and recession width (p-0.969) at 3-month follow-up. The VAS scores were significantly lower for the test (laterally closed tunnel technique + photobiomodulation) group as compared to control (laterally closed tunnel technique + sham laser) over time (p = < 0.0001) as well as per site (p = 0.0006) The Early Wound Healing Index scores were significantly higher in the test (laterally closed tunnel technique + photobiomodulation) group as compared to control (laterally closed tunnel technique + sham laser) group (p < 0.0001). The adjunctive use of photobiomodulation did not show a better outcome concerning recession depth but appears to provide faster healing of the surgical wounds and better patient comfort. The result needs further evaluation in particular with respect to long-term effect and due to limitation in sample size. Clinical Trial Registry of India: CTRI/2019/11/022012.
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Yoon J, Park JH, Choi JW, Kim YC. Optimal Fluence and Duration of Low-Level Laser Therapy for Efficient Wound Healing in Mice. Ann Dermatol 2021; 33:318-323. [PMID: 34341632 PMCID: PMC8273318 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2021.33.4.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low-level laser (light) therapy is a promising technology that stimulates healing, relieves pain and inflammation, and restores function in injured body parts. However, few studies have compared the effects of light-emitting diodes of different fluence levels or different treatment durations. Objective Here, we investigated the effects of various fluence levels and treatment durations on wound closure in mice. Methods Full-thickness wounds were created on the dorsal skin using an 8-mm diameter punch, and the wounds were irradiated at 1, 4, or 40 J/cm2 for 5 consecutive days starting on day 1. To determine the optimal irradiation duration, wounds were irradiated at the most potent fluence of previous study for 5, 10, or 15 days. Photographic documentation, skin biopsies, and wound measurements were performed to compare the effects of different treatment parameters. Results The most effective fluence level was 40 J/cm2 at day 5, as determined by monitoring wound closure. There were no statistically significant differences in wound healing with different durations. Conclusion We have shown that repeated exposure to low levels of light significantly stimulates wound healing in mice and demonstrated more efficient wound closure with certain fluences of 830 nm irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Yoon
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Park
- Office of Biostatistics, Ajou Research Institute for Innovative Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jee-Woong Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - You Chan Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Glass GE. Photobiomodulation: The Clinical Applications of Low-Level Light Therapy. Aesthet Surg J 2021; 41:723-738. [PMID: 33471046 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-level light therapy (LLLT) is a recent addition to the pantheon of light-based therapeutic interventions. The absorption of red/near-infrared light energy, a process termed "photobiomodulation," enhances mitochondrial ATP production, cell signaling, and growth factor synthesis, and attenuates oxidative stress. Photobiomodulation is now highly commercialized with devices marketed directly to the consumer. In the gray area between the commercial and therapeutic sectors, harnessing the clinical potential in reproducible and scientifically measurable ways remains challenging. OBJECTIVES The aim of this article was to summarize the clinical evidence for photobiomodulation and discuss the regulatory framework for this therapy. METHODS A review of the clinical literature pertaining to the use of LLLT for skin rejuvenation (facial rhytids and dyschromias), acne vulgaris, wound healing, body contouring, and androgenic alopecia was performed. RESULTS A reasonable body of clinical trial evidence exists to support the role of low-energy red/near-infrared light as a safe and effective method of skin rejuvenation, treatment of acne vulgaris and alopecia, and, especially, body contouring. Methodologic flaws, small patient cohorts, and industry funding mean there is ample scope to improve the quality of evidence. It remains unclear if light-emitting diode sources induce physiologic effects of compararable nature and magnitude to those of the laser-based systems used in most of the higher-quality studies. CONCLUSIONS LLLT is here to stay. However, its ubiquity and commercial success have outpaced empirical approaches on which solid clinical evidence is established. Thus, the challenge is to prove its therapeutic utility in retrospect. Well-designed, adequately powered, independent clinical trials will help us answer some of the unresolved questions and enable the potential of this therapy to be realized.
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Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) improves alveolar bone healing in rats. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:961-969. [PMID: 34002343 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03340-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in enhancing bone healing in irradiated alveolus post-tooth extraction. Sixty male Wistar rats (180 ± 10 g) were used in the present study. The left maxillary first molars were extracted, and the alveolar region was irradiated by diode laser device (GaAlAs) immediately after extraction and for more 3-day daily applications. The animals were randomly assigned into two groups: control group (n = 30, with left maxillary molar extraction-CG) and experimental group (n = 30, with tooth extraction and low-level laser therapy applied to the dental alveolus for 42 s-EG). These groups were divided into subgroups (five rats per subgroup) according to the observation time point-1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10 days-post-tooth extraction. The maxillary bone was separated, and the specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and picrosirius red and immunohistochemistry for RUNX-2. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used with a significance level of 5%. LLLT accelerated bone healing with mature collagen fiber bundles and early new bone formation. Histomorphometric analysis revealed an increase of osteoblast (RUNX-2) and osteoclast (TRAP) activity and in the area percentage of cancellous bone in the lased alveolus compared to the control group. This increase was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Application of LLLT with a GaAlAs diode laser device enhanced bone healing and mineralization on alveolar region.
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Effect of NIR Laser Therapy by MLS-MiS Source on Fibroblast Activation by Inflammatory Cytokines in Relation to Wound Healing. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030307. [PMID: 33809724 PMCID: PMC8002295 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The fine control of inflammation following injury avoids fibrotic scars or impaired wounds. Due to side effects by anti-inflammatory drugs, the research is continuously active to define alternative therapies. Among them, physical countermeasures such as photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) are considered effective and safe. To study the cellular and molecular events associated with the anti-inflammatory activity of PBMT by a dual-wavelength NIR laser source, human dermal fibroblasts were exposed to a mix of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) followed by laser treatment once a day for three days. Inducible inflammatory key enzymatic pathways, as iNOS and COX-2/mPGES-1/PGE2, were upregulated by the cytokine mix while PBMT reverted their levels and activities. The same behavior was observed with the proangiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), involved in neovascularization of granulation tissue. From a molecular point of view, PBMT retained NF-kB cytoplasmatic localization. According to a change in cell morphology, differences in expression and distribution of fundamental cytoskeletal proteins were observed following treatments. Tubulin, F-actin, and α-SMA changed their organization upon cytokine stimulation, while PBMT reestablished the basal localization. Cytoskeletal rearrangements occurring after inflammatory stimuli were correlated with reorganization of membrane α5β1 and fibronectin network as well as with their upregulation, while PBMT induced significant downregulation. Similar changes were observed for collagen I and the gelatinolytic enzyme MMP-1. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the proposed NIR laser therapy is effective in controlling fibroblast activation induced by IL-1β and TNF-α, likely responsible for a deleterious effect of persistent inflammation.
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Kim N, Shin S, Bae SW. cAMP Biosensors Based on Genetically Encoded Fluorescent/Luminescent Proteins. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11020039. [PMID: 33572585 PMCID: PMC7911721 DOI: 10.3390/bios11020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays a key role in signal transduction pathways as a second messenger. Studies on the cAMP dynamics provided useful scientific insights for drug development and treatment of cAMP-related diseases such as some cancers and prefrontal cortex disorders. For example, modulation of cAMP-mediated intracellular signaling pathways by anti-tumor drugs could reduce tumor growth. However, most early stage tools used for measuring the cAMP level in living organisms require cell disruption, which is not appropriate for live cell imaging or animal imaging. Thus, in the last decades, tools were developed for real-time monitoring of cAMP distribution or signaling dynamics in a non-invasive manner. Genetically-encoded sensors based on fluorescent proteins and luciferases could be powerful tools to overcome these drawbacks. In this review, we discuss the recent genetically-encoded cAMP sensors advances, based on single fluorescent protein (FP), Föster resonance energy transfer (FRET), single luciferase, and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) for real-time non-invasive imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namdoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Korea;
| | - Seunghan Shin
- Green Chemistry & Materials Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Cheonan 31056, Korea;
| | - Se Won Bae
- Green Chemistry & Materials Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Cheonan 31056, Korea;
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-64-754-3543
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Does the application of GaAlAs laser and platelet-rich plasma induce cell proliferation and increase alkaline phosphatase activity in human dental pulp stem cells? Lasers Med Sci 2021; 36:1289-1295. [PMID: 33459924 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Blood extracts containing platelet products are gaining popularity in promoting healing and pulp regeneration. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and gallium-aluminum-arsenide (GaAlAs) laser on proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). In this ex vivo study, hDPSCs isolated from impacted mandibular third molars were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium )DMEM(with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). After reaching the desired confluence, the cells were distributed into 4 groups, namely, control, PRP, laser, and PRP+laser for MTT assay and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) test. In the PRP and PRP+laser groups, 10% PRP was added to each well on the plate. In the laser and PRP+laser groups, as for the proliferation test, laser irradiation was carried out for 45 s, while 135 s was designated for ALP test. After 1, 3, and 5 days, cell proliferation and ALP activity were assessed using MTT and ALP colorimetric assay, respectively. Two-way ANOVA was utilized to analyze data. In PRP and PRP+laser groups, cell proliferation and viability increased until day 3 but began to decline afterwards until the 5th day. In the laser group, the increase in proliferation and viability was observed till day 5 which was less than the control group. Laser and control groups exhibited significantly higher cell viability and proliferation than both PRP and PRP+laser groups. ALP activity was more pronounced in PRP+laser, PRP, and laser in descending order; however, all were less than that of the control group. Only in the control group did the ALP activity augment during the 5-day period. Laser irradiation could induce pulp cell proliferation and demonstrated a better performance than PRP in this regard.
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Savcı Y, Kırbaş OK, Bozkurt BT, Abdik EA, Taşlı PN, Şahin F, Abdik H. Grapefruit-derived extracellular vesicles as a promising cell-free therapeutic tool for wound healing. Food Funct 2021; 12:5144-5156. [PMID: 33977960 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02953j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to the prevalence of individuals suffering from chronic wounds, developing safe and effective wound care agents are one of the more prominent fields of research in biology. However, wound healing is a complex, multi-stage biological process, involving multiple sequences of biological responses from different types of cells, secreted mediators, and extracellular matrix elements. Plants have a long history of use in the treatment of wounds. Plant-derived extracellular vesicles, which are secreted nano vesicle messengers responsible for intercellular communications, show promise as a new, biotechnological wound-care agent. In this study, we assessed the wound healing potential of extracellular vesicles isolated from grapefruits - a plant with well-known anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties. Grapefruit extracellular vesicles (GEVs) increased cell viability and cell migration while reducing intracellular ROS production in a dose-dependent manner in HaCaT cells. Expression of proliferation and migration-related genes were raised by GEV treatment in a dose dependent manner. Additionally, GEV treatment increased the tube formation capabilities of treated HUVEC cells. These findings suggest that GEVs can be used as plant-derived wound healing agents, and have shown potential as a biotechnological agent for wound healing. Further development and study of plant-derived extracellular vesicles may lead to the realization of their full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yağız Savcı
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oğuz Kaan Kırbaş
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Batuhan Turhan Bozkurt
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Avşar Abdik
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pakize Neslihan Taşlı
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fikrettin Şahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Abdik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Zhu Q, Xiao S, Hua Z, Yang D, Hu M, Zhu YT, Zhong H. Near Infrared (NIR) Light Therapy of Eye Diseases: A Review. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:109-119. [PMID: 33390779 PMCID: PMC7738953 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.52980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Near infrared (NIR) light therapy, or photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), has gained persistent worldwide attention in recent years as a new novel scientific approach for therapeutic applications in ophthalmology. This ongoing therapeutic adoption of NIR therapy is largely propelled by significant advances in the fields of photobiology and bioenergetics, such as the discovery of photoneuromodulation by cytochrome c oxidase and the elucidation of therapeutic biochemical processes. Upon transcranial delivery, NIR light has been shown to significantly increase cytochrome oxidase and superoxide dismutase activities which suggests its role in inducing metabolic and antioxidant beneficial effects. Furthermore, NIR light may also boost cerebral blood flow and cognitive functions in humans without adverse effects. In this review, we highlight the value of NIR therapy as a novel paradigm for treatment of visual and neurological conditions, and provide scientific evidence to support the use of NIR therapy with emphasis on molecular and cellular mechanisms in eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Shuyuan Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Zhijuan Hua
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Dongmei Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650021, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650021, China
| | | | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, China
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In Vitro Evidences of Different Fibroblast Morpho-Functional Responses to Red, Near-Infrared and Violet-Blue Photobiomodulation: Clues for Addressing Wound Healing. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10217878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although photobiomodulation (PBM) has proven promising to treat wounds, the lack of univocal guidelines and of a thorough understanding of light–tissue interactions hampers its mainstream adoption for wound healing promotion. This study compared murine and human fibroblast responses to PBM by red (635 ± 5 nm), near-infrared (NIR, 808 ± 1 nm), and violet-blue (405 ± 5 nm) light (0.4 J/cm2 energy density, 13 mW/cm2 power density). Cell viability was not altered by PBM treatments. Light and confocal laser scanning microscopy and biochemical analyses showed, in red PBM irradiated cells: F-actin assembly reduction, up-regulated expression of Ki67 proliferation marker and of vinculin in focal adhesions, type-1 collagen down-regulation, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and metalloproteinase-9 expression/functionality increase concomitant to their inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) decrease. Violet-blue and even more NIR PBM stimulated collagen expression/deposition and, likely, cell differentiation towards (proto)myofibroblast phenotype. Indeed, these cells exhibited a higher polygonal surface area, stress fiber-like structures, increased vinculin- and phospho-focal adhesion kinase-rich clusters and α-smooth muscle actin. This study may provide the experimental groundwork to support red, NIR, and violet-blue PBM as potential options to promote proliferative and matrix remodeling/maturation phases of wound healing, targeting fibroblasts, and to suggest the use of combined PBM treatments in the wound management setting.
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Reilly MJ, Larsen NK, Agrawal S, Thankam FG, Agrawal DK, Fitzgibbons RJ. Selected conditions associated with an increased incidence of incisional hernia: A review of molecular biology. Am J Surg 2020; 221:942-949. [PMID: 32977928 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incisional hernias (IH) following a laparotomy, on average, occur in 10-20% of patients, however, little is known about its molecular basis. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms could lead to the identification of key target(s) to intervene pre-and post-operatively. METHODS We examined the current literature describing the molecular mechanisms of IH and overlap these factors with smoking, abdominal aortic aneurysm, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and diverticulitis. RESULTS The expression levels of collagen I and III, matrix metalloproteinases, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases are abnormal in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of IH patients and ECM disorganization has an overlap with these comorbid conditions. CONCLUSION Understanding the pathophysiology of IH development and associated risk factors will allow physicians to identify patients that may be at increased risk for IH and to possibly act preemptively to decrease the incidence of IH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Swati Agrawal
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA; Department of Surgery, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68131, USA
| | - Finosh G Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Robert J Fitzgibbons
- Department of Surgery, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68131, USA.
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Leite MGM, Freitas EDS, de Vasconcelos Ii AJA, Pinheiro TN. Low-Level Laser Therapy Approach of Bilateral Necrotizing Sialometaplasia of the Hard and Soft Palates. J Lasers Med Sci 2020; 11:348-354. [PMID: 32802297 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2020.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Necrotizing sialometaplasia (NS) is a rare locally destructive inflammatory benign disease that commonly affects the minor salivary glands. It is frequently associated with the glands located in the posterior portion of the hard and soft palates. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), also called photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), has been deemed a substantial method for the regenerative wound process. Case Presentation: A 32-year-old male patient was referred with a chief complaint of two asymptomatic crater-like ulcers measuring approximately 1.5 cm wide on the right side of the hard and soft palates, and another measuring 0.3 cm wide on the left side of the hard palate. The lesion had two weeks of evolution followed by a previous infectious "sore throat" event that kept the patient hospitalized for 4 days. A clinical diagnosis of NS was made. LLLT was applied during 2 sessions per week, favoring the total wound healing within 2 weeks. At 3 months of clinical followup, the patient did not present any complication or relapse and was thus released. Conclusion: This is, to our knowledge, the first clinical report of LLLT applied for the management of NS. Large palatal ulcers caused by NS usually have long healing periods. The shortened healing period observed in this case encourages the inclusion of LLLT in any treatment protocol for similar lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Gomes Melo Leite
- Undergraduate Student, Superior School of Health Science, Amazonas State University, Av. Carvalho Leal, 1777, Cachoeirinha, Manaus-AM, 69065-001, Brazil
| | - Eliandro de Souza Freitas
- Undergraduate Student, Superior School of Health Science, Amazonas State University, Av. Carvalho Leal, 1777, Cachoeirinha, Manaus-AM, 69065-001, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago Novaes Pinheiro
- DDS, MSc, PhD, Superior School of Health Science, Amazonas State University, Av. Carvalho Leal, 1777, Cachoeirinha, Manaus-AM, 69065-001, Brazil
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Moittie S, Dobbs P, Waine K, Ashfield S, Baiker K. Management of a geriatric alpaca with multiple neoplasms in a zoological setting. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2019-001065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Moittie
- Twycross ZooAtherstoneWarwickshireUK
- School of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of NottinghamSutton BoningtonLeicestershireUK
| | | | - Katie Waine
- School of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of NottinghamSutton BoningtonLeicestershireUK
| | | | - Kerstin Baiker
- School of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of NottinghamSutton BoningtonLeicestershireUK
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Feng J, Li X, Zhu S, Xie Y, Du J, Ge H, Bai Y, Liu Y, Guo L. Photobiomodulation with 808-nm diode laser enhances gingival wound healing by promoting migration of human gingival mesenchymal stem cells via ROS/JNK/NF-κB/MMP-1 pathway. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 35:1831-1839. [PMID: 32451640 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been shown to improve wound healing by promoting mesenchymal stem cell migration and proliferation. However, it remains unknown whether an 808-nm diode laser can influence human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (HGMSCs), and which dose this works well. In the present study, it was found that PBM could promote the migration of HGMSCs but not the proliferation. Furthermore, PBM could activate mitochondrial ROS, which could elevate the phosphorylation levels of JNK and IKB in HGMSCs, and further activate NF-κB as the nuclear translocation of p65 is elevated. Taken together, these present results indicate that PBM might promote cell migration via the ROS/JNK/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Feng
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Siying Zhu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongmei Xie
- Department of General, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huabing Ge
- Department of General, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijia Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Moreira SH, Pazzini JM, Álvarez JLG, Cassino PC, Bustamante CC, Bernardes FJL, Kajiura CY, De Nardi AB. Evaluation of angiogenesis, inflammation, and healing on irradiated skin graft with low-level laser therapy in rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus wistar). Lasers Med Sci 2020; 35:1103-1109. [PMID: 32062713 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02917-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reconstructive techniques have been widely used in Veterinary Medicine. The post-operative adjuvants therapies like the low-level laser therapy (LLLT) are used to decrease inherent complications to reconstructive surgeries. This article purposed to define the LLLT effects on the healing, inflammation, and vascularization of the skin grafts in applicable time intervals to veterinary surgical routine. Forty rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus wistar) were used and each one was submitted to autogenous cutaneous mesh grafting in the interescapular region. The rats were randomly distributed in five groups (G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5) in accordance with the 6 J/cm2 or 10 J/cm2 dose every 3 or 5 days. These treatments were applied on the skin graft for 15 days. The histochemical evaluation with Picrosirius showed greater expression of collagen type 1 - red in grafts of G5 (p < 0.05), while in G1 did not; the expression of collagen type III - green was not induced by LLLT. The histochemical evaluation with hematoxylin-eosin showed greater numbers of fibroblasts in grafts of G4 (p < 0.05) and less hemorrhage in grafts of G5 (p < 0.05). There was modulation of the inflammatory response in irradiated skin grafts. It is concluded the exhibition of the skin grafts to 6 J/cm2 or 10 J/cm2 dose every 5 days improved the healing and the modulation of the local inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella H Moreira
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil. .,Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, CEP 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Josiane M Pazzini
- Centro de Pesquisa em Oncologia Molecular, Hospital do Câncer de Barretos, Barretos, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Jorge L G Álvarez
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Pedro C Cassino
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Caio C Bustamante
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Filippo J L Bernardes
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Caroline Y Kajiura
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Andrigo B De Nardi
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil
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Santos PL, Marotto AP, Zatta da Silva T, Bottura MP, Valencise M, Marques DO, Queiroz TP. Is Low-Level Laser Therapy Effective for Pain Control After the Surgical Removal of Unerupted Third Molars? A Randomized Trial. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 78:184-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2019.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Feki A, Bardaa S, Hajji S, Ktari N, Hamdi M, Chabchoub N, Kallel R, Boudawara T, Nasri M, Ben Amara I. Falkenbergia rufolanosa polysaccharide - Poly(vinyl alcohol) composite films: A promising wound healing agent against dermal laser burns in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 144:954-966. [PMID: 31672634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This work was conducted to evaluate the compatibility between physicochemical, antioxidant and morphological properties of polysaccharide (FRP) extracted from red marine alga Falkenbergia rufolanosa reinforced by poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composed films at different ratios of FRP/PVA: F1 (70:30), F2 (50:50), F3 (30:70) and PVA (100% PVA) and the potential wound healing effects. As assessed, FRP/PVA prepared films were heterogeneous, slightly opaque with a rough surface as ascertained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and colorimetric parameters. Even, X-ray diffraction and glass transition results revealed a semi-crystalline structure of FRP composed films which decreased with increasing PVA ratios. The antioxidant activities of composite films depicted that F1 exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in vitro. Therefore, F1 was found to promote significantly the wound healing, after eight days of treatment, evidenced by higher wound appearance scores and a higher content of collagen (885.12 ± 20.35 mg/g of tissue) confirmed by histological examination, when compared with control, CYTOL BASIC® and PVA-treated groups. All together, the marine-derived polysaccharide gave a substantial pledge for the development of biodegradable films as a potent antioxidant material and a promising agent for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Feki
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National Engineering School in Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P. 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Sana Bardaa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sawssan Hajji
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National Engineering School in Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P. 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Naourez Ktari
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National Engineering School in Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P. 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Hamdi
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National Engineering School in Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P. 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Rim Kallel
- Laboratory of Anatomopathology, CHU Habib Bourguiba, University of Sfax, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tahia Boudawara
- Laboratory of Anatomopathology, CHU Habib Bourguiba, University of Sfax, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Nasri
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National Engineering School in Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P. 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ibtissem Ben Amara
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National Engineering School in Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P. 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
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Lavaee F, Amanati A, Ramzi M, Naseri S, Shakiba Sefat H. Evaluation of the effect of photodynamic therapy on chemotherapy induced oral mucositis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101653. [PMID: 31923632 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study the effect of photodynamic therapy on chemotherapy induced mucositis was evaluated. METHODS This randomized single blind clinical pilot evaluation evaluated the effect of PDT with methylene blue on 15 patients with chemotherapy induced bilateral oral mucositis. They were divided into 2 groups (control side and intervention side). Methylene blue was applied on the lesions of both sides, after 10 min the lesion of intervention side was irradiated by a 660 nm diode laser InGaAlP(Azor-2 K) for 10 min (power: 25 mW, dose:19.23 J/CM2, probe diameter: 0.78 cm2) for three sessions (day1,3,5) and followed on day 12. In control side only sham laser was used. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney test using SPSS version 22. RESULTS Comparing the WCCNR and NCI difference in different sessions between intervention and control group, represented significant improvement in oral mucositis in photodynamic therapy group for sessions 1-0, 2-0, 3-0 (P.value<0.05). CONCLUSION Photodynamic therapy can improve chemotherapy induced oral mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Lavaee
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Assistant Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease Department, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Amanati
- Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mani Ramzi
- Hematology Research Center, Department of Hematology, Oncology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Setareh Naseri
- School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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RUMÃO WL, VALDRIGHI HC, FURLETTI VF, GOUVÊA GR, SANTAMARIA-JR M. Influence of photobiomodulation on pain perception during initial orthodontic tooth movement. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Laser in low intensity (LLI) has been used to reduce the discomfort and pain that is triggered by the forces applied during orthodontic treatment. Objective To evaluate the effect of LLI application in the pain perception of periodontal ligament initial compression, during orthodontic tooth movement; and to compare the effect of this therapy between men and women. Material and method The sample consisted of 30 volunteers, who needed orthodontic band placement on mandibular first molars. After insertion of the elastic separators, LLI was applied to the mesial and distal apical region (wavelength 808nm, energy 2J, time 20s and fluency of 8.32J/cm2) and at three points on the root region (wavelength 808nm, energy 1J, time 10s and fluency of 4.16J/cm2) of the first molar (irradiated side) and compared to the contralateral first molar (non-irradiated side), in three time intervals: 0hs, 24hs and 48hs. Pain perception was evaluated by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), at 0hs, 24hs and 48hs after insertion, with significance of 5%. Result The pain level was observed to be significantly lower (p<0.05) on the irradiated side, irrespective of gender and time. Women presented a significantly higher pain level (p<0.05) than men, irrespective of time and side. There were no significant differences between the time intervals (p>0.05). Conclusion It was concluded that LLI reduced the perception of initial pain in patients in whom compression of the periodontal ligament was promoted by elastic separation, and that women had a greater perception of pain sensitivity in the time intervals studied.
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Gonzalez AC, Santos ET, Freire TFC, Sá MF, Andrade ZDA, Medrado ARAP. Participation of the Immune System and Hedgehog Signaling in Neoangiogenesis Under Laser Photobiomodulation. J Lasers Med Sci 2019; 10:310-316. [PMID: 31875124 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2019.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to characterize immune and endothelial cells, myofibroblasts and pericytes, and positive cells for hedgehog proteins in late tissue repair of rats skin wounds treated with 670 nm photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT). Methods: A blind experimental study was conducted, in order to assess the effect of PBMT in later stages of healing, with emphasis on neoangiogenesis, immune cells and Hedgehog signaling. Forty Wistar rats were allocated randomly in two groups; control and treated with a diode GaAlAs laser (9 mW, 670 nm, 0.031 W/cm2, spot size of 0.28 cm2, fluence of 4 J/ cm2 applied every other day, until a total dose of 16 J/cm2 was achieved). Standardized skin wounds were performed and the animals were euthanized at 14, 21, 28 and 35 days. Tissue sections were subjected to hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemistry for CD31, NG2, smooth muscle alpha actin, CD8, CD68, Ptch, Gli-2 and Ihh. All histomorphometric data were statistically analyzed and significance level was at P<0.05. Results: At late stages of wound healing, neoangiogenesis persisted as revealed for the number of CD31+ cells (P = 0.016) and NG2+ and smooth muscle alpha actin positive pericytes (P = 0.025), for both experimental groups. By day 21, laser-treated group had decreased CD68+ cells (P = 0.032) and increased CD8+ (P = 0.038). At remodeling stage, there were positive cells for the hedgehog signaling pathway family which seemed to be activated. Conclusion: These data suggest that photobiomodulation therapy was able to modulate extracellular matrix remodelling even at the later stages of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maíra Ferreira Sá
- Basic Sciences Department, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Zilton de A Andrade
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory of Gonçalo Moniz Research Center - FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alena R A P Medrado
- Basic Sciences Department, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Larsen NK, Reilly MJ, Thankam FG, Fitzgibbons RJ, Agrawal DK. Novel understanding of high mobility group box-1 in the immunopathogenesis of incisional hernias. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019; 15:791-800. [PMID: 30987468 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2019.1608822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Incisional hernias (IH) arise as a complication of patients undergoing laparotomy. Current literature has assessed the role of extracellular matrix (ECM) disorganization, alterations in type I and type III collagen, matrix metalloproteinases, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases on IH. However, there is limited information on the underlying molecular mechanisms that lead to ECM disorganization. Areas covered: We critically reviewed the literature surrounding IH and ECM disorganization and offer a novel pathway that may be the underlying mechanism resulting in ECM disorganization and the immunopathogenesis of IH. Expert opinion: High mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1), a damage-associated molecular pattern, plays an important role in the sterile inflammatory pathway and has been linked to ECM disorganization and the triggering of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Further research to investigate the role of HMGB-1 in the molecular pathogenesis of IH would be critical in identifying novel therapeutic targets in the management of IH formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas K Larsen
- a Departments of Clinical and Translational Science , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , USA
| | - Matthew J Reilly
- a Departments of Clinical and Translational Science , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , USA
| | - Finosh G Thankam
- a Departments of Clinical and Translational Science , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , USA.,b Surgery , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , USA
| | - Robert J Fitzgibbons
- a Departments of Clinical and Translational Science , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , USA.,b Surgery , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- a Departments of Clinical and Translational Science , Creighton University School of Medicine , Omaha , USA
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Effects of Intradermal Radiofrequency Treatment and Intense Pulsed Light Therapy in an Acne-induced Rabbit Ear Model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5056. [PMID: 30911021 PMCID: PMC6434013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common condition that can have psychologically deleterious effects. Since current treatments carry the risks of antibiotic resistance or teratogenicity, novel treatment modalities are under investigation. Our study investigated the efficacy of intradermal radiofrequency treatment (RF) and intense pulsed light (IPL) in the treatment of acne vulgaris in a rabbit ear model. We evaluated the effectiveness of IPL, RF, and a combination treatment on cultured Cuticobacterium acnes strains in an induced rabbit ear model, according to clinical outcomes as well as histological and immunological approaches. We found that RF treatment markedly decreases papule volume, while IPL appears to have an immunomodulatory effect. In combination, the two have an additive effect in treatment. These findings suggest that combination of RF and IPL may be an effective therapeutic option for the treatment of acne vulgaris.
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Ezzati K, Fekrazad R, Raoufi Z. The Effects of Photobiomodulation Therapy on Post-Surgical Pain. J Lasers Med Sci 2019; 10:79-85. [PMID: 31360374 PMCID: PMC6499566 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2019.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: One of the major complains after surgery is pain. Recent advances in the prevention and reduction of postoperative pain have provided several modalities. One of them is the use of laser irradiation on the surgical area. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of low level laser therapy (LLLT) on pain and side effects after surgery. Methods: In this research, databases such as: PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Springer and Cochrane were used and the words of laser therapy, photobiomodulation, therapeutic laser, low level laser therapy, surgery and pain were searched. Articles, including systematic reviews, original articles, case series, and clinical intervention studies related to these words, were studied. The language of all articles was English and consists of papers from 2009 until 2017. Results: A total of 370 papers were studied and 10 articles that met inclusion criteria were selected for this review. Few of these articles were followed up. Surgery included a wide range of surgeries including mastectomy, breast augment post-fracture, episiotomy, tonsillectomy and hernia. The methodological quality score on the PEDro scale was between 5 and 11. 8 trials reported positive effects and 2 trials reported negative effects. In order to study clinical effect size of laser therapy after surgery, only 4 papers met entry criteria and the mean effect sizes were 0.13 to 2.77. Accordingly, the best treatment protocol included a red laser dose of 4 J/cm2 for the post-operative pain of tonsillectomy, which was irradiated through the infra mandibular angle on the tonsils. Conclusion: LLLT may be an appropriate modality for reducing pain after surgery, nevertheless the effect size of this modality is variable. Therefore, further research based on proper protocols for these patients and follow-up of therapeutic course should be designed and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Ezzati
- Neuroscience Research Center, Poorsina Hospital, Faculty of medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty - Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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Zaniboni E, Bagne L, Camargo T, do Amaral MEC, Felonato M, de Andrade TAM, Dos Santos GMT, Caetano GF, Esquisatto MAM, Santamaria M, Mendonça FAS. Do electrical current and laser therapies improve bone remodeling during an orthodontic treatment with corticotomy? Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:4083-4097. [PMID: 30771000 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02845-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate the bone remodeling during orthodontic movement with corticotomy when submitted to low-intensity electrical stimulation application (microcurrent-MC) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT). MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and fifty Wistar rats were divided into the following 5 groups: (C) submitted to tooth movement; (Cort) tooth movement/corticotomy; (Cort-L) tooth movement/corticotomy/laser AsGaAl 808 nm (4.96J/50s); (Cort-Mc) tooth movement/corticotomy/microcurrent (10 μA/5 min); (Cort-L-Mc) tooth movement/corticotomy and laser/microcurrent alternated. Inflammation, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis were evaluated in the periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days of orthodontic movement. RESULTS The quantification of inflammatory infiltrate, angiogenesis and expression of TGF-β1, VEGF, and collagen type I were favorably modulated by the application of therapies such as low-level laser therapy (LLLT), MC, or both combined. However, electrical stimulation increased fibroblasts, osteoclasts and RANK numbers, birefringent collagen fiber organization, and BMP-7 and IL-6 expression. CONCLUSIONS Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and MC application both improved the process of bone remodeling during orthodontic treatment with corticotomy. Still, electrical current therapy promoted a more effective tooth displacement but presented expected root resorption similar to all experimental treatments. CLINICAL RELEVANCE It is important to know the effects of minimally invasive therapies on cellular and molecular elements involved in the bone remodeling of orthodontic treatment associated with corticotomy surgery, in order to reduce the adverse effects in the use of this technique and to establish a safer clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewerton Zaniboni
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Herminio Ometto University Center, UNIARARAS, Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, Araras, SP, 13607-339, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Bagne
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Herminio Ometto University Center, UNIARARAS, Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, Araras, SP, 13607-339, Brazil
| | - Thaís Camargo
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Herminio Ometto University Center, UNIARARAS, Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, Araras, SP, 13607-339, Brazil
| | - Maria Esméria Corezola do Amaral
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Herminio Ometto University Center, UNIARARAS, Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, Araras, SP, 13607-339, Brazil
| | - Maira Felonato
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Herminio Ometto University Center, UNIARARAS, Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, Araras, SP, 13607-339, Brazil
| | - Thiago Antônio Moretti de Andrade
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Herminio Ometto University Center, UNIARARAS, Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, Araras, SP, 13607-339, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Maria Tech Dos Santos
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Herminio Ometto University Center, UNIARARAS, Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, Araras, SP, 13607-339, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Ferreira Caetano
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Herminio Ometto University Center, UNIARARAS, Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, Araras, SP, 13607-339, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Augusto Marreto Esquisatto
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Herminio Ometto University Center, UNIARARAS, Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, Araras, SP, 13607-339, Brazil
| | - Milton Santamaria
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Herminio Ometto University Center, UNIARARAS, Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, Araras, SP, 13607-339, Brazil. .,Graduate Program of Orthodontics, Herminio Ometto University Center, UNIARARAS, Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, Araras, SP, 13607-339, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Aparecida Sampaio Mendonça
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Herminio Ometto University Center, UNIARARAS, Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, Araras, SP, 13607-339, Brazil
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Wardlaw JL, Gazzola KM, Wagoner A, Brinkman E, Burt J, Butler R, Gunter JM, Senter LH. Laser Therapy for Incision Healing in 9 Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2019; 5:349. [PMID: 30761311 PMCID: PMC6362418 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser therapy is becoming common place in veterinary medicine with little evidence proving efficacy or dosages. This study evaluated surgical wound healing in canines. Twelve Dachshunds underwent thoraco-lumbar hemilaminectomies for intervertebral disc disease (IVDD). Digital photographs were taken of their incisions within 24 h of surgery and 1, 3, 5, 7, and 21 days postoperatively. The first three dogs were used to create a standardized scar scale to score the other dogs' incision healing. The remaining 9 dogs were randomly assigned to either receive 8 J/cm2 laser therapy once a day for 7 days or the non-laser treated control group. Incision healing was scored based on the scar scale from 0 to 5, with zero being a fresh incision and five being completely healed with scar contraction and hair growth. All scar scores significantly improved with increasing time from surgery (<0.001). Good agreement was achieved for inter-rater reliability (p = 0.9). Laser therapy increased the scar scale score, showed improved cosmetic healing, by day seven and continued to be significantly increased on day 21 compared to control dogs (p < 0.001). Daily application of laser therapy at 8J/cm2 hastened wound healing in Dachshunds that received thoracolumbar hemilaminectomies for IVDD. It also improved the cosmetic appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Wardlaw
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Animal Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
- Gateway Veterinary Surgery, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Krista M. Gazzola
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Animal Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Amanda Wagoner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Animal Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Erin Brinkman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Animal Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Joey Burt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Animal Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Ryan Butler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Animal Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Julie M. Gunter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Animal Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Lucy H. Senter
- Office of Research and Economic Development, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
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Mussttaf RA, Jenkins DFL, Jha AN. Assessing the impact of low level laser therapy (LLLT) on biological systems: a review. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:120-143. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1524944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruwaidah A. Mussttaf
- School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - David F. L. Jenkins
- School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Awadhesh N. Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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