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Lakhsassi L, Borg C, Briken P, de Jong PJ. Does heightened subjective sexual arousal lower pain in women if disgust is minimized? PLoS One 2025; 20:e0323095. [PMID: 40392787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0323095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2025] [Indexed: 05/22/2025] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that acute pain can generally be reduced by sexual activity. Increasing subjective sexual arousal might thus help reduce pain during sex. Yet, in conflict with the view that subjective sexual arousal would generally reduce pain, previous research has failed to find that presenting a sexually arousing film stimulus attenuates pain during a cold pressor test (CPT) in women. This might be due to the sexually arousing film having also elicited disgust. Therefore, this study tested whether subjective sexual arousal could generally reduce pain, provided that concurrently-elicited disgust is minimized. Female undergraduates with no sexual dysfunction were randomly distributed through a digital list randomizer to either watch: a porn film that can elicit similar levels of disgust and sexual arousal, a porn film that elicits greater subjective sexual arousal than disgust, or a neutral train ride film (N = 174). A CPT was utilized for pain induction while simultaneously viewing the assigned films. Pain was indexed by subjective ratings of pain intensity, and CPT duration. The results showed no differences in pain intensity or pain tolerance across conditions. Thus, in this study, disgust appeared no critical moderator of the relationship between sexual arousal and pain. The findings converge to the conclusion that, in women, subjective sexual arousal does not generally reduce the experience of pain. This might also imply that increasing subjective sexual arousal alone might not be sufficient to reduce genital pain, though further research is needed to test this inference given that pain sensitivities may differ across the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Lakhsassi
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine, and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charmaine Borg
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peer Briken
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine, and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter J de Jong
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Xu Y, Niu P, Liu T, Tian J, Wang A, Yang Z, Liu S, Chen Y, Chen J. Topological abnormalities of left middle orbital frontal gyrus and amygdala associated with hypoactive sexual desire disorder: A diffusion tensor imaging study. Andrology 2025. [PMID: 40384383 DOI: 10.1111/andr.70064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2025] [Accepted: 04/30/2025] [Indexed: 05/20/2025]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sexual desire has been found to be associated with brain areas involved in sexual excitation and inhibition. However, little is known regarding whether hypoactive sexual desire disorder patients have structural abnormalities related to hypofunctional excitation or hyperfunctional inhibition in the brain. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 26 hypoactive sexual desire disorder patients and 28 healthy controls. The structural brain networks were constructed based on diffusion tensor imaging data. Finally, the nodal parameters were calculated by the graph theoretical analysis and were compared between hypoactive sexual desire disorder and healthy controls. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the age, education level, and scores of emotional scales between groups. Meanwhile, all hypoactive sexual desire disorder patients showed normal hormone levels. Compared with healthy controls, hypoactive sexual desire disorder patients showed higher scores on the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale and its sexual desire subscale. In fractional anisotropy-weighted brain networks, a decreased clustering coefficient was found in the left middle frontal gyrus (orbital part), and decreased local efficiency was found in the left amygdala of hypoactive sexual desire disorder patients when compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated impaired left middle orbital frontal gyrus and amygdala in the structural brain network of hypoactive sexual desire disorder patients, which might be the central pathological mechanisms underlying hypoactive sexual desire disorder and could be used as a neuroimaging diagnostic biomarker for hypoactive sexual desire disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Peining Niu
- Department of Andrology, Siyang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Suqian, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinbo Tian
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ao Wang
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoxu Yang
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaowei Liu
- Department of Radiology Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhuai Chen
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Gieles NC, Kreukels BPC, den Heijer M, Both S. Exploring subjective and genital sexual response in transgender women upon addition of low-dose testosterone to feminizing gender-affirming hormone therapy: a feasibility study. J Sex Med 2025; 22:937-944. [PMID: 40099762 DOI: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2025] [Accepted: 02/13/2025] [Indexed: 03/20/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transgender women using feminizing gender-affirming hormone therapy who underwent a gonadectomy generally have lower testosterone levels than cisgender women. It is unknown if testosterone supplementation can influence subjective and genital sexual response in transgender women and whether this can be measured using vaginal photoplethysmography. AIM This study aimed to assess the feasibility of measuring changes in subjective and genital sexual response in transgender women who underwent a penile inversion vaginoplasty after testosterone supplementation to physiological female concentrations. METHODS Transgender women received daily testosterone 2% transdermal gel, aiming for serum concentrations between 1.5 and 2.5 nmol/L for 12-20 weeks. Vaginal pulse amplitude (VPA) was measured during neutral, erotic fantasy, erotic film, and genital vibration stimulus blocks before and after testosterone supplementation. After each stimulus block, subjective sexual response was assessed. Sexual function, sexual excitability, and VPA measurement experience were assessed using questionnaires. OUTCOMES Change in mean VPA score and subjective sexual response after testosterone supplementation during neutral film, erotic fantasy, erotic film, and genital vibration. RESULTS Eight participants were included of whom seven completed the study. VPA during neutral film was significantly higher after testosterone supplementation [estimated ratio 2.7 (95% confidence interval {CI} 1.7-4.3), P < 0.001]. After testosterone supplementation, we observed no change in the degree of VPA response upon exposure to erotic fantasy [estimated ratio 1.4 (95% CI 0.68-2.8), P = 0.372], erotic film [estimated ratio 1.2 (95% CI 0.54-2.8), P = 0.629] and genital vibration [estimated ratio 1.2 (95% CI 0.46-2.9), P = 0.742] compared to before testosterone supplementation. After testosterone supplementation, participants reported significantly stronger feelings of sexual arousal, genital sensations, and positive affect in response to erotic fantasy and erotic film. Finally, there was a significant improvement in sexual function and sexual excitability assessed by questionnaires. VPA measurement was generally well-accepted. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Vaginal photoplethysmography can be used to assess changes in neovaginal perfusion in transgender women. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS This is the first study assessing genital and subjective sexual response to testosterone supplementation in transgender women. The lack of a placebo condition precludes any clinical conclusions. CONCLUSION Vaginal photoplethysmography can be used to assess changes in neovaginal vasocongestion after testosterone supplementation in transgender women. Explorative analyses suggest promising effects on subjective sexual response and an increase in general neovaginal perfusion. We found no difference in neovaginal vasocongestion after exposure to erotic stimuli before and after testosterone supplementation. Clinical benefit needs to be assessed in a blinded and placebo-controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor C Gieles
- Department of Endocrinology, Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology, Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Baudewijntje P C Kreukels
- Department of Medical Psychology, Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health (APH) Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin den Heijer
- Department of Endocrinology, Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Both
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Sexology and Psychosomatic Gynecology and Obstetrics, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychosomatic Gynecology and Sexology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Jordan K, Fromberger P, Müller I, Wild TSN, Müller JL. Rare, but potentially risky, high individual increase of self-reported sexual arousal in men, who have committed sexual offenses against children, while being confronted with experimental sexual stimuli - a retrospective data analysis. Int J Impot Res 2025; 37:238-250. [PMID: 38087007 PMCID: PMC11981933 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-023-00802-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2025]
Abstract
This data analysis was initiated to further understand the infrequent yet intense instances of sexual arousal and signs of decompensation that emerge after exposing men who have committed sexual offenses against children to experimental sexual stimuli. We analyzed retrospectively and exploratory data of a self-developed sexual arousal questionnaire ("Current-State-of-Emotions-Questionnaire", CSEQ) with the following objectives: (i) examine subjective sexual arousal changes elicited during confrontation with experimental sexual stimuli, (ii) analyze these sexual arousal changes at an individual level to detect large responses, and (iii) ask for associations between large responses in sexual arousal and individual characteristics of participants, e.g., demographic, clinical, and criminological parameters. The sample consisted of 241 adult, male Germans, comprising four groups: Ten individuals who have committed sexual offenses against children and have been placed in forensic psychiatric facilities (ISOCFP), 31 non-hospitalized individuals with sexual interest in children (ISIC), eight individuals who have committed other offenses and have been placed in forensic psychiatric facilities (IOFP), and 192 individuals without sexual interest in children and offense histories (IWO). We found a significant increase in subjective sexual arousal after confrontation with sexual stimuli (three experiments: initial orientation: Z = -4.819, p < .001, sexual distractor task: Z = -2.954, p = .003, stimulus rating: Z = -6.899, p < .001). Up to 14.3% of participants indicated high sexual arousal values before, but mainly after the experiments, with 20.0% of ISOCFP, 12.9% of ISIC, 12.5% of IOFP, and 14.6% of IWO. ISOCFP and ISIC with high sexual arousal were more likely to be diagnosed with paraphilia (pedophilia) and/or affective disorders, and to receive anti-depressive treatment. We assume a higher emotional lability or/and reduced emotion regulation abilities in those individuals. A careful weighing up of anticipated scientific knowledge gain and a potentially, though rare, increased risk of recidivism or decompensation seems indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Jordan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Peter Fromberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Isabel Müller
- University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Asklepios Clinic for Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Tamara Sheila Nadine Wild
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Leo Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Asklepios Clinic for Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Goettingen, Germany
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5
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Babková J, Repiská G. The Molecular Basis of Love. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:1533. [PMID: 40003999 PMCID: PMC11855673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26041533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2025] [Revised: 02/03/2025] [Accepted: 02/10/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Love as a complex interplay of emotions and behaviors is underpinned by an intricate network of neurobiological mechanisms. This review provides insight into the molecular basis of love, focusing on the role of key hormones and neuromodulators. The aim of the paper is to report how these biochemical messengers influence various aspects of love, including attraction, attachment, and long-term bonding. By examining the effects of hormones such as dopamine, oxytocin, vasopressin, and serotonin, we aim to elucidate the intricate relationship between biology and behavior. Additionally, the potential impact of modern lifestyle factors on hormonal balance and their subsequent influence on love and social interactions are outlined. This review provides a useful overview of the molecular underpinnings of love, offering insights into the biological mechanisms that shape human relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Repiská
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 2, 81372 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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6
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Akula KP, McBeth LR, Hofer MD. The sexual impact of androgenic anabolic steroid abuse an understudied phenomena. Int J Impot Res 2025; 37:114-115. [PMID: 38594389 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-024-00879-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Kole P Akula
- University of Texas San Antonio Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Lucien R McBeth
- San Antonio Uniformed Health Sciences Consortium, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Rojas-Zambrano JG, Rojas-Zambrano AR, Rojas-Zambrano AF, Barahona-Cueva GE. Benefits of Testosterone Hormone in the Human Body: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2025; 17:e78785. [PMID: 39926620 PMCID: PMC11807418 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.78785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2025] [Indexed: 02/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Testosterone is a key hormone with a complex and essential role in the physiology of healthy individuals; it is crucial for developing and maintaining muscle mass and improved bone density. In addition to these physical features, testosterone is vital for reproductive health as libido, erectile function, and spermatogenesis, the process of sperm production; its impact extends across multiple bodily systems, highlighting its importance for physical traits and overall health and fertility. This study aims to explore the critical and multifaceted role of testosterone in the physiology of healthy individuals. The method was to search PubMed from the year 1993 until current data using MESH terms: ((((testosterone) OR (androgens)) OR (testosterone insufficiency)) AND (healthy patients)) AND (testosterone replacement))). The inclusion criteria are studies with descriptive, observational, and experimental approaches on healthy patients that evaluated the action of testosterone. The updated review indicates that testosterone hormone supplementation positively influences several aspects, including sexual function, bone health, muscle strength, mood (particularly in reducing depression), and vascular endothelial function. However, these findings are limited by the small sample sizes and the relatively few studies available on this topic, warranting further research to better understand the full scope of testosterone's effects. Recent landmark trials have demonstrated that testosterone therapy offers modest benefits, particularly for older men with low testosterone levels and symptoms of hypogonadism. These benefits include improvements in sexual function, bone health, muscle strength, mood, and vascular endothelial function in healthy individuals. Given the potential benefits of testosterone therapy, ongoing research and clinical exploration are highly recommended to deepen our understanding of its full range of effects and to refine therapeutic strategies. Doing more studies will help clarify the role of testosterone in both healthy individuals and those with testosterone deficiency, leading to better-informed treatment approaches for the future.
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Marinelli L, Cagnina S, Bichiri A, Magistri D, Crespi C, Motta G. Sexual function of transgender assigned female at birth seeking gender affirming care: a narrative review. Int J Impot Res 2024; 36:375-379. [PMID: 37147482 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-023-00711-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Sexual health is pivotal to the overall health and well-being of individuals. To date, transgender persons' sexual function results to be poorly investigated. Gender affirming medical and/or surgical treatments (GAMSTs) in transgender assigned female at birth (t-AFAB) can have an impact on overall quality of life and subsequently on sexual life. Before GAMSTs, literature shows a low sexual wellbeing of t-AFAB due to a complex interaction of organic and psychological factors. During gender affirming hormone therapy, testosterone treatments induce virilization that results in a better sexual satisfaction, in particular for sexual desire, arousal and orgasm. The majority of the available literature reports an increased sexual quality of life among t-AFAB after gender affirming surgery. Nevertheless, the different surgical techniques, the possible post-operative complications and sexual pain can negatively influence sexual function. Thus, this narrative review aims to summarize the available data about modifications on sexual health status in t-AFAB before and after GAMSTs. In transgender population, dealing with the evaluation of sexual life and satisfaction represents a relevant topic with a view to promote and sustain not only sexual wellbeing but especially general quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Marinelli
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Serena Cagnina
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Andreina Bichiri
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Domiziana Magistri
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Crespi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Motta
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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9
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Hiemstra J, van Tuijl P, van Lankveld J. The associations of sexual desire, daily stress, and intimacy in gay men in long-term relationships. Int J Impot Res 2024; 36:248-255. [PMID: 36670284 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-023-00664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the associations between daily stress, sexual desire and intimacy in gay men in long-term relationships. A daily diary method of data collection was used. Twenty-two adult participants completed brief questionnaires ten times per day during seven consecutive days. Multilevel regression analyses revealed significant negative associations of daily stress with sexual desire (p = 0.003); higher stress came with lower levels of sexual desire, and vice versa. The hypothesized moderation effect of the associations of stress with sexual desire by intimacy was found significant (p = 0.003). However, the effect was not as predicted: at higher levels of intimacy the negative effect of stress on sexual desire was shown to be stronger than at lower levels. Most temporal associations of stress and intimacy with sexual desire were not significant. Nevertheless, the present findings implicate that daily stress and intimacy are important factors in sexual functioning of gay men in long-term relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piet van Tuijl
- Department of Psychology, Open University, Heerlen, The Netherlands
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10
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Khajehei M. Endorphins, Sexuality, and Reproduction. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 35:397-433. [PMID: 38874734 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45493-6_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Beta-endorphin is secreted from the hypothalamus and pituitary in both mother and newborn. The placenta produces numerous pituitary hormones from the third month of pregnancy, one of which is βE. It has been suggested that βE has a role in the appetitive and precopulatory phase of sexual behavior in animals. An increase in endorphin levels during sexual activity in humans may contribute to attachment and bonding between partners, but contradictory reports in the literature question the association between sexuality and βE levels. The level of βE also increases during pregnancy, rises in early labor, peaks in late labor, and drops in the postpartum period. This fluctuation provides natural analgesia, raises the pain threshold, decreases the sensation of pain, or suppresses pain, and decreases fear levels during labor and birth. Beta-endorphin also protects the fetus from hypoxia during labor and birth and potential neural damage by aiding blood flow to the brain under hypoxic conditions. It has been suggested that a variety of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic complementary therapies, when used in pregnancy, labor, and birth, activate the opioid receptors in the CNS and alter the sensation of pain during labor and birth, affect the mother-child attachment and affect sexual function. These studies report contradictory results that will be discussed in this chapter.
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11
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Ventura-Aquino E, Ågmo A. The elusive concept of sexual motivation: can it be anchored in the nervous system? Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1285810. [PMID: 38046659 PMCID: PMC10691110 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1285810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual motivation is an abstract concept referring to the mechanisms determining the responsivity to sexually relevant stimuli. This responsivity determines the likelihood of producing a sexual response and the intensity of that response. Both responsivity to stimuli and the likelihood of making a response as well as the intensity of response are characteristics of an individual. Therefore, we need to assume that the concept of sexual motivation materializes in physiological mechanisms within the individual. The aim of the present communication is to analyze the requisites for the endeavor to materialize sexual motivation. The first requisite is to provide an operational definition, making the concept quantifiable. We show that parameters of copulatory behavior are inappropriate. We argue that the intensity of sexual approach behaviors provides the best estimate of sexual motivation in non-human animals, whereas the magnitude of genital responses is an exquisite indicator of human sexual motivation. Having assured how to quantify sexual motivation, we can then proceed to the search for physiological or neurobiological underpinnings. In fact, sexual motivation only manifests itself in animals exposed to appropriate amounts of gonadal hormones. In female rats, the estrogen receptor α in the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus is necessary for the expression of sexual approach behaviors. In male rats, androgen receptors within the medial preoptic area are crucial. Thus, in rats sexual motivation can be localized to specific brain structures, and even to specific cells within these structures. In humans, it is not even known if sexual motivation is materialized in the brain or in peripheral structures. Substantial efforts have been made to determine the relationship between the activity of neurotransmitters and the intensity of sexual motivation, particularly in rodents. The results of this effort have been meager. Likewise, efforts of finding drugs to stimulate sexual motivation, particularly in women complaining of low sexual desire, have produced dismal results. In sum, it appears that the abstract concept of sexual motivation can be reliably quantified, and the neurobiological bases can be described in non-human animals. In humans, objective quantification is feasible, but the neurobiological substrate remains enigmatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ventura-Aquino
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Juriquilla, UNAM, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | - Anders Ågmo
- Department of Psychology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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12
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Ardestani SK, Jamali T, Taravati A, Behboudi H, Vaez-Mahdavi MR, Faghihzadeh E, Ghazanfari T. Changes in hormones, Leukocyte Telomere Length (LTL), and p16 INK4a expression in SM-exposed individuals in favor of the cellular senescence. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:1235-1241. [PMID: 36573392 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2150205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent with well-known severe toxic effects and may cause long-term debilitating injuries. We aimed to evaluate aging and longevity in Iranian SM-exposed survivors using some endocrine and molecular biomarkers for the first time. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), prolactin (PRL), cortisol, testosterone, and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured in 289 male SM-veterans and 66 age-matched males using the ELISA method. Leukocyte Telomere Length (LTL) measurement and p16INK4a expression were measured in the peripheral blood leukocytes of 55 males who were exposed to SM. We found a significantly lower serum DHEAS level and higher serum PRL level in SM-exposed groups (without any related to the severity of lung injuries) compared to healthy controls, but no significant difference in serum levels of cortisol, testosterone, and LH. The molar ratio of DHEAS/cortisol was significantly higher in controls compared to the SM-exposed individuals especially those with severe lung damage. Some biological parameters of allostatic load score such as DHEAS and DHEAS/cortisol ratio significantly decreased long-term after the SM exposure. Additionally, we found that LTL was shorter in SM-exposed veterans rather than unexposed controls while p16INK4a gene expression significantly increased in these groups. It seems that DHEAS, DHEAS/cortisol ratio, LTL, and p16INK4a gene expression have changed significantly in favor of cellular senescence in SM-exposed patients. Therefore, it seems that SM exposure increases biological age compared to chronological age in SM-exposed survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan K Ardestani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Jamali
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Taravati
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Hossein Behboudi
- Department of Biology, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Tooba Ghazanfari
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Odetayo AF, Olayaki LA. Omega 3 fatty acid improves sexual and erectile function in BPF-treated rats by upregulating NO/cGMP signaling and steroidogenic enzymes activities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18060. [PMID: 37872365 PMCID: PMC10593954 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol F (BPF) is an environmental pollutant that has been implicated in sexual dysfunction. Omega 3 fatty acid (O3FA), on the other hand, is an antioxidant with the ability to improve fertility indices. However, no study has explored the possible ameliorative effect of O3FA on BPF-induced sexual dysfunction. Thus, the effect of BPF and/or O3FA on male sexual performance was investigated. Male Wistar rats were randomized into 6 groups, corn oil-treated, O3FA low and high dose (100 and 300 mg/kg), BPF-treated, BPF + O3FA low and BPF + O3FA high dose. BPF significantly impaired male sexual competence, evidenced by a reduction in motivation to mate, prolonged mount, intromission and ejaculation latency, and post-ejaculatory index. Furthermore, a reduction in mount, intromission, and ejaculation frequency were observed. Also, BPF caused a decrease in gonadotropin releasing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, nitric oxide (NO) cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD), dopamine, and acetylcholine esterase. Furthermore, it was accompanied by a significant increase in prolactin and estrogen and poor pregnancy outcomes. These observed BPF-led alterations were abolished by O3FA administration. This study showed that O3FA ameliorates BPF-induced sexual dysfunction by upregulating NO/cGMP signaling and steroidogenic enzymes activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi Fatai Odetayo
- Physiology Department, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
- Physiology Department, Federal University of Health Sciences, Ila Orangun, Osun State, Nigeria.
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Arteaga-Silva M, Limón-Morales O, Bonilla-Jaime H, Vigueras-Villaseñor RM, Rojas-Castañeda J, Hernández-Rodríguez J, Montes S, Hernández-González M, Ríos C. Effects of postnatal exposure to cadmium on male sexual incentive motivation and copulatory behavior: Estrogen and androgen receptors expression in adult brain rat. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 120:108445. [PMID: 37482142 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
There are numerous evidence showing that cadmium (Cd) is an endocrine disruptor that exerts multiple toxic effects at different reproductive levels, including male sexual behavior (MSB). The effect of early exposure to Cd on sexual incentive motivation (SIM) and MSB in adult stage, and the immunoreactivity of receptors for hormones such as estrogens and androgens in brain regions that are relevant for the SIM and MSB display, have not been studied until now. The present study evaluated the effects of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg CdCl2 from day 1-56 of postnatal life on SIM and MSB in adults rats, as well as serum testosterone concentrations, Cd concentration in blood, testis, and brain areas, and the immunoreactivity in estrogen receptors (ER-α and -β), and androgen receptor (AR) in the olfactory bulbs (OB), medial preoptic area (mPOA), and medial amygdala (MeA). Our results showed that both doses of Cd decreased SIM and MSB, accompanied by low serum concentrations of testosterone. Also, there was a significant reduction in immunoreactivity of ER-α and AR in mPOA, and a significant reduction in AR in MeA on male rats treated with Cd 1 mg/kg. These results show that exposure to high doses of Cd in early postnatal life could alter the correct integration of hormonal signals in the brain areas that regulate and display SIM and MSB in adult male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Arteaga-Silva
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1ª, Sección, Alcaldía Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, A.P. 55-535, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Ofelia Limón-Morales
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1ª, Sección, Alcaldía Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, A.P. 55-535, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Herlinda Bonilla-Jaime
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1ª, Sección, Alcaldía Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, A.P. 55-535, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rosa María Vigueras-Villaseñor
- Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Calzada México Xochimilco No. 101, Colonia San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, CP 14370 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Julio Rojas-Castañeda
- Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Calzada México Xochimilco No. 101, Colonia San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, CP 14370 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Joel Hernández-Rodríguez
- Cuerpo Académico de Investigación en Salud de la Licenciatura en Quiropráctica (CA-UNEVE-01), Universidad Estatal del Valle de Ecatepec, Estado de México 55210, México
| | - Sergio Montes
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa-Aztlán, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Lago de Chapala y Calle 16, Aztlán, Reynosa 88740, México
| | - Marisela Hernández-González
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Francisco de Quevedo No. 180, Col. Arcos Vallarta, 44130 Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Camilo Ríos
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 14389, México
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15
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Wiemer J, Kurstak S, Sellmann F, Lindner K. Sexual Stimuli Cause Behavioral Disinhibition in Both Men and Women, but Even More So in Men. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:1445-1460. [PMID: 36694045 PMCID: PMC10125947 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In our society men are considered more impulsive than women, especially in the violent and sexual domain. This correlation of sex and impulsivity might trace back to enhanced male impulsivity in general or a domain specific effect of emotions on impulsivity. The evidence for sex differences in the interaction of emotional or sexual stimuli and impulsivity has been relatively inconclusive so far. In this study, we investigated the effects of various emotional stimuli on responsivity in a Go/No-Go task. Participants had to respond quickly to a visual cue and withhold their response to another visual cue, while different emotional pictures were presented in the background, including sexual stimuli, non-sexual positive stimuli and negative stimuli. Both men (N = 37) and women (N = 38) made most commission errors in the sexual condition, indicating a disinhibiting effect in both genders. On top of this, men made even more commission errors than women, specifically in the sexual condition and not in other conditions. Men rated sexual stimuli as more positive, but did not differ from women in arousal ratings and pupil dilation. These findings may partly indicate increased impulsive behavior under sexual arousal in men, most likely driven by enhanced approach motivation due to more positive value but not higher arousal of sexual stimuli. The results are consistent with the theory of evolutionarily based concealment of sexual interest in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Wiemer
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), University of Würzburg, Marcusstr. 9-11, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.
- Psychotherapy Center for Sexual and Violent Offenders Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Steffen Kurstak
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), University of Würzburg, Marcusstr. 9-11, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Sellmann
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), University of Würzburg, Marcusstr. 9-11, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Lindner
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), University of Würzburg, Marcusstr. 9-11, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
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16
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De Luca R, Bonanno M, Morini E, Marra A, Arcadi FA, Quartarone A, Calabrò RS. Sexual Dysfunctions in Females with Parkinson's Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study with a Psycho-Endocrinological Perspective. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59050845. [PMID: 37241076 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Normal human sexual functioning is a complex integration of an intact neuroanatomic substrate, vascular supply, a balanced hormonal profile, and a predominance of excitatory over inhibitory psychological mechanisms. However, sexual functioning in Parkinson's disease (PD) is often overlooked in clinical practice, especially in female patients. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we have investigated the frequency of sexual dysfunction and the possible correlation with psycho-endocrinological factors in a sample of women with idiopathic PD. Patients were assessed using a semi-structured sexual interview, in addition to psychometric tools, including the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety and for Depression and the Coping Orientation to the Problems Experiences-New Italian Version. Specific blood tests, including testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen E2, prolactin (PRL), and vitamin D3 were also evaluated. Results: Our results reported a statistical difference in sexual intercourse frequency before and after the onset of PD (p < 0.001). The percentage of women who complained about reduced sexual desire increased after diagnosis (52.7%) compared to the period before the onset of the illness (36.8%). The endocrinological profile in females with PD revealed statistically significant differences regarding testosterone (p < 0.0006), estradiol (p < 0.00), vitamin D3 (p < 0.006), and calcium (0.002). Depression (44% characterized by perceived feelings of anger and frustration during sexual intercourse) and anxiety symptoms (29.5% reported feelings of fear and anxiety for not satisfying the partner) with abnormal coping strategies (48.14% experienced feelings of anger and intolerance) were also found to be statistically significant. This study showed a high frequency of sexual dysfunction in female patients with PD, which correlated with sexual hormone abnormalities, mood/anxiety, and coping strategies alterations. This supports the idea that there is a need to better investigate the sexual function of female patients with PD to provide them with an adequate therapeutic approach and potentially improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria De Luca
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Palermo, SS 113, C. da Casazza, 98123 Messina, Italy
| | - Mirjam Bonanno
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Palermo, SS 113, C. da Casazza, 98123 Messina, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Morini
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Palermo, SS 113, C. da Casazza, 98123 Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Marra
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Palermo, SS 113, C. da Casazza, 98123 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Antonia Arcadi
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Palermo, SS 113, C. da Casazza, 98123 Messina, Italy
| | - Angelo Quartarone
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Palermo, SS 113, C. da Casazza, 98123 Messina, Italy
| | - Rocco Salvatore Calabrò
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Palermo, SS 113, C. da Casazza, 98123 Messina, Italy
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17
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Kushwaha B, Srivastava N, Kumar MS, Kumar R. Protein-protein networks analysis of differentially expressed genes unveils the key phenomenon of biological process with respect to reproduction in endangered catfish, C. Magur. Gene 2023; 860:147235. [PMID: 36731619 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Clarias magur (magur) is an important freshwater catfish with high potential in the aquaculture sector in its geographical ranges of distribution. One of the impediments to realise its full aquaculture potential is the lack of understanding key genes involved in its reproduction pathways. Nonetheless, very limited information is available on brain and gonads, with respect to reproduction related issues of magur at molecular level. The present study was aimed at understanding the interaction of the brain-gonad system by analysing differentially expressed genes (DEG) in brains and gonads of male and female magur using a protein-protein network interaction study. In brief, 641, 541, 225 and 245 DEGs, respectively, in ovary, testis and female brain and male-brain of magur were used as input in String database 11.0 and Cytoscape v 3.8.0 plug-in Network Analyzer for PPI network construction followed by network superimposition, network merging and analysis. A total of 13 key genes in female brain & ovary and 12 key genes in male brain & testis were obtained based on the network topological parameter betweenness centrality and nodes degree. Among them, cyp19a1b and amh genes in male brain-testis and Tp53 and exo1 genes in female brain-ovary were identified as hub genes having a high level of interaction and expression with other key genes in the network. Further, functional annotation study of these genes revealed their active involvement in important pathways related to reproduction. This is the first report exploring the interaction of brain and gonads in the regulation of magur reproduction through a protein-protein interaction network. The 25 key genes identified in the combined network are involved in various pathways, like neuropeptide signalling pathway, oxytocin receptor-mediated signalling pathway, corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor signalling pathway and reproduction process, which could lead to a better understanding of the magur reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basdeo Kushwaha
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Neha Srivastava
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Murali S Kumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Wang GA, Corsini-Munt S, Dubé JP, McClung E, Rosen NO. Regulate and Communicate: Associations between Emotion Regulation and Sexual Communication among Men with Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder and their Partners. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2023; 60:325-335. [PMID: 35852490 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2092588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) is characterized by a persistent and distressing lack of sexual desire. Affected men report lower sexual well-being and romantic partners may also experience consequences. According to the Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Model of sexual dysfunction, how couples manage their emotions in relation to sexual problems may promote or hinder sexual communication. In the first dyadic study to date of men with HSDD and their partners (n = 64 couples), we investigated associations between two emotion regulation strategies - reappraisal and suppression - and couples' communication about their sexual relationship. Participants completed measures assessing use of reappraisal and suppression about their sexual relationship, sexual communication, and sexual assertiveness. Men with HSDD who reported greater suppression also reported lower sexual assertiveness and both partners reported poorer sexual communication. Partners of men with HSDD who used greater suppression were less sexually assertive. In contrast, while reappraisal was only marginally associated with perceived quality of sexual communication, men with HSDD who employed more reappraisal were also more sexually assertive. While suppression may hinder sexual communication, reappraisal may allow men with HSDD to better assert their sexual needs. Findings may inform interventions to help couples navigate impactful emotional experiences associated with HSDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A Wang
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University
| | | | - Justin P Dubé
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University
| | | | - Natalie O Rosen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dalhousie University
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Boschetti A, Camperio Ciani A, Scarpazza C. Sexual offenses and the brain. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 197:161-179. [PMID: 37633708 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821375-9.00017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Sexual offenses are a great concern worldwide due to the devastating physical and psychological consequences the victims of such crimes often experience. It is an important task to investigate potential mechanisms that may underlie sexual offending and predispose an individual for such antisocial behavior. Advanced techniques in neuroscience are increasingly used to uncover biomarkers in psychiatric disorders and organic brain disease. As this type of research is flourishing, preliminary studies with the aim to explore the neural basis of sex offenders have started to appear. To this purpose, researchers began to study the brain's structural and functional changes and the neurocognitive profiles of sex offenders, in comparison to nonoffenders and nonsex offenders, or among different subtypes of sex offenders. Most of the research to date has focused on pedophilia, with some inconsistent findings, which hampers the translation of the results into the forensic and clinical context. Any attempt to increase convergent evidence may profit from the harmonization of data analysis and avoidance of methodological inconsistencies, which can account for the different results across studies. Today, uncovering the neural basis of sex offences has to become a priority, not only for clinical interventions, but might also be important knowledge for crime prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Boschetti
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Camperio Ciani
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Scarpazza
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Translational Cognitive and NeuroImaging Lab, IRCCS Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy.
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20
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In the Heat of the Short-Term Moment: Evidence that Heightened Sexual Arousal Increases Short-Term Mating Motivation Among Men. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40806-022-00347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIndividual differences in men’s short-term mating interest are well studied, both at state and trait levels. Yet, the role of sexual arousal as a source of intra-individual variation has been neglected. This research represents the first attempt to integrate sexual arousal into the human mate plasticity literature. We argue that sexual arousal directly impacts the short-term mating motivation among men regardless of their personality, relationship status, and sociosexuality. Across four experiments, we found that heightened sexual arousal consistently increased men’s short-term mating motivation relative to participants in neutral and arousing control groups. Experiments 1 and 2 revealed that sexual arousal increased participants’ general short-term mating motivation and their preference for a short-term relationship over a long-term one. Experiment 3 replicated the findings of the first two experiments whilst also demonstrating that this effect was not moderated by personality (i.e., Dark Triad, Big Five) or relationship status. Heightened sexual arousal also led to decreased “state” long-term mating motivation. Finally, Experiment 4 showed that sexual arousal increased the participants’ preference for a short-term relationship over a long-term one, an effect that was not moderated by sociosexuality. Together, the results suggest that sexual arousal has a powerful effect on men’s short-term mating motivation, and that this effect is independent of intrasexual differences in personality, relationship status, and sociosexuality.
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21
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Lee J, Gillath O. Increased Urination Urgency Exacerbates Sexual Risk-Taking Through Heightened Sexual Arousal. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:2955-2967. [PMID: 35849207 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increased urination urgency has been shown to facilitate impulse control in cognitive domains, but its effects in other areas are unknown. We examined whether inhibitory spillover effects would replicate and extend to close relationships-specifically, influencing decision making related to sexual risk-taking. Across three studies, we either measured (Studies 1 and 3) or manipulated (Study 2) participants' bladder pressure and assessed sexual self-control using a questionnaire of sexual risk-taking intentions (Study 1) or a simulated semi-behavioral sexual risk-taking (Choose Your Own Sexual Adventure) task (Studies 2 and 3). Study 1 (N = 44 men, 59 women) showed greater urination urgency was associated with greater sexual risk-taking. Study 2 (N = 65 men, 91 women) showed that increasing urination urgency led to greater sexual risk-taking, but only among men. Study 3 (N = 86 men, 183 women) showed elevated urination urgency was associated with an increase in sexual arousal, which accounted for the greater sexual risk-taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwon Lee
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
| | - Omri Gillath
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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22
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Csako RI, Rowland DL, Hevesi K, Vitalis E, Balalla S. Female Sexuality in Aotearoa/New Zealand: Factors and Sexual Response Associated with Masturbation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2022; 34:521-539. [PMID: 38596385 PMCID: PMC10903691 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2022.2099499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Sexual health includes the state of physical, emotional, mental, and social well-being related to sexuality. Masturbation is an important sexual activity with many potential benefits which has gained considerable interest in sexuality research in the past twenty years; however, this research is the first of its kind within the Aotearoa/New Zealand context. In this in-depth investigation, we examined frequencies of, reasons for, and activities during masturbation as well as the relationship between masturbation and other factors. Methods Participants were 698 New Zealand women at least 18 years of age participating in a 42-item anonymous online survey collecting comprehensive information about sexual practices and related factors. Results The results indicated that female masturbation has high prevalence in the New Zealand population. Conclusion The pattern of results enabled us to identify the positive effects of masturbation, masturbation practices commonly used by New Zealand women and the differences between New Zealand women who masturbate frequently and less frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita I. Csako
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David L. Rowland
- Department of Psychology, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN, USA
| | - Kriszta Hevesi
- Department of Education and Psychology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emese Vitalis
- Illinois School of Professional Psychology, National Louis University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shivanthi Balalla
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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23
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Mandal S, Mukhopadhyay P, Ghosh S. DHEA on Sexual Function in Sheehan Syndrome: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e3395-e3402. [PMID: 35481572 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The majority of women with Sheehan syndrome (SS) suffer from sexual dysfunction. Severe androgen deficiency is a major contributory factor. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation has been reported to have variable efficacious in improving female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in several trials but studies using DHEA in SS are not available. OBJECTIVE We aimed to study the use of DHEA supplementation in patients with SS. METHODS In this crossover trial, 28 participants with SS (age 39.7 ± 8.6 years) were divided into 2 groups (using block randomization) who received DHEA supplements (25 mg twice daily) or matched placebo sequentially for 3 months each. Female Sexual Functioning Index (FSFI) score and serum DHEA sulfate (DHEAS) were measured at baseline and after completion of each phase. Glycemic parameters, lipid profile, and liver enzymes were also measured to assess metabolic side effects. RESULTS There was significant improvement in FSFI score from baseline to end of the study in the DHEA group compared with the placebo group (P = 0.006). Mean FSFI score and most of the individual domains of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) improved with DHEA significantly in both groups (P = 0.001 for each group with DHEA). In those who received DHEA first followed by placebo, FSFI declined significantly after placebo (P = 0.041) but remained at an acceptable level of sexual functioning. Serum DHEAS increased significantly with DHEA treatment. No significant changes in glycemic index, lipid profile, and liver enzymes were noted with DHEA treatment. CONCLUSION A short duration of DHEA supplementation in women with SS with FSD is efficacious and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumita Mandal
- Department of Endocrinology, R. G. Kar Medical College, Kolkata, India
| | - Pradip Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
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24
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Castro-Calvo J, Flayelle M, Perales JC, Brand M, Potenza MN, Billieux J. Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder should not be classified by solely relying on component/symptomatic features •. J Behav Addict 2022; 11:210-215. [PMID: 35895452 PMCID: PMC9295252 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper by Sassover and Weinstein (2022) contributes to a timely and complex debate related to the classification of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD). The recent inclusion of CSBD as an impulse-control disorder in the ICD-11 has generated debate since a competitive view is that CSBD should rather be classified as an addictive disorder. Sassover and Weinstein (2022) reviewed existing evidence and concluded it does not support the conceptualization of CSBD as an addictive disorder. Although we agree regarding the relevance and timely nature of considering the classification of CSBD, we respectfully disagree with the position that relying on the components model of addiction (Griffiths, 2005) is the optimal approach for determining whether or not CSBD is an addictive disorder. In this commentary, we discuss potential pitfalls of relying on the components model to conceptualize CSBD as an addictive disorder and argue that considering a process-based approach is important for advancing this timely debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Castro-Calvo
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Spain
- Corresponding authors. E-mail: ,
| | - Maèva Flayelle
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - José C. Perales
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Matthias Brand
- General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry and the Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and the Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- The Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT 06109, USA
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre for Excessive Gambling, Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Corresponding authors. E-mail: ,
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Flanagan J, Chatzittofis A, Boström ADE, Hallberg J, Öberg KG, Arver S, Jokinen J. High Plasma Oxytocin Levels in Men With Hypersexual Disorder. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e1816-e1822. [PMID: 35108393 PMCID: PMC9016473 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hypersexual disorder (HD) involves excessive, persistent sexual behaviors related to various mood states and the diagnosis compulsive sexual behavior disorder is included as an impulse control disorder in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases. Although the neurobiology behind the disorder is not clear, some studies suggest dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Oxytocin acts as counterregulatory neuroendocrine hormone to cortisol and is also involved in sexual behavior. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that oxytocin may play a role in the pathophysiology of HD with compensatory actions to cortisol. DESIGN Longitudinal. SETTING ANOVA clinic (Karolinska University Hospital). PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS 64 males with HD and 38 age-matched healthy volunteers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Plasma oxytocin levels, measured with radioimmunoassay; Hypersexual Disorder Screening Inventory; and Hypersexual Disorder: Current Assessment Scale for assessing hypersexual symptoms. INTERVENTIONS A patient subgroup (n = 30) completed the manual-based group-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) program for HD, and posttreatment oxytocin levels were measured. RESULTS Hypersexual men (n = 64) exhibited significantly higher oxytocin plasma levels (mean ± SD: 31.0 ± 9.9 pM) compared with healthy volunteers (16.9 ± 3.9 pM; P < 0.001). There were significant positive correlations between oxytocin levels and the rating scales measuring hypersexual behavior. Patients who completed CBT treatment (n = 30) had a significant reduction of oxytocin plasma levels from pretreatment (30.5 ± 10.1 pM) to posttreatment (20.2 ± 8.0 pM; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the hyperactive oxytocinergic system in hypersexual men may be a compensatory mechanism to attenuate hyperactive stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Flanagan
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Chatzittofis
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå,Sweden
- Correspondence: Andreas Chatzittofis, MD, PhD, University of Cyprus, Medical School, Palaios dromos Lefkosias Lemesou No.215/6 2029 Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Adrian Desai E Boström
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå,Sweden
- Neuropaediatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Hallberg
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Görts Öberg
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Arver
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jussi Jokinen
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå,Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience/Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chang CC, Houng JY, Peng WH, Yeh TW, Wang YY, Chen YL, Chang TH, Hung WC, Yu TH. Effects of Abelmoschus manihot Flower Extract on Enhancing Sexual Arousal and Reproductive Performance in Zebrafish. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072218. [PMID: 35408615 PMCID: PMC9000255 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The flower of Abelmoschus manihot L. is mainly used for the treatment of chronic kidney diseases, and has been reported to have bioactivities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antidepressant activities. This study used wild-type adult zebrafish as an animal model to elucidate the potential bioactivity of A. manihot flower ethanol extract (AME) in enhancing their sexual and reproductive functions. Zebrafish were fed AME twice a day at doses of 0.2%, 1%, and 10% for 28 days, and were then given the normal feed for an additional 14 days. The hormone 17-β estradiol was used as the positive control. Sexual behavioral parameters such as the number of times males chased female fish, the production of fertilized eggs, and the hatching rate of the fertilized eggs were recorded at days 0.33, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 42. The expression levels of sex-related genes—including lhcgr, ar, cyp19a1a, and cyp19a1b—were also examined. The results showed that the chasing number, fertilized egg production, and hatching rate were all increased with the increase in the AME treatment dose and treatment time. After feeding with 1% and 10% AME for 28 days, the chasing number in the treated group as compared to the control group increased by 1.52 times and 1.64 times, respectively; the yield of fertilized eggs increased by 1.59 times and 2.31 times, respectively; and the hatching rate increased by 1.26 times and 1.69 times, respectively. All three parameters exhibited strong linear correlations with one another (p < 0.001). The expression of all four genes was also upregulated with increasing AME dose and treatment duration. When feeding with 0.2%, 1%, and 10% AME for 28 days, the four sex-related genes were upregulated at ranges of 1.79−2.08-fold, 2.74−3.73-fold, and 3.30−4.66-fold, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of AME was persistent, as the promotion effect continued after the treatment was stopped for at least two weeks. The present findings suggest that AME can enhance the endocrine system and may improve libido and reproductive performance in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chang Chang
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Dachang Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (Y.-L.C.); (T.-H.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-5599123 (ext. 1014)
| | - Jer-Yiing Houng
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hao Peng
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
| | - Tien-Wei Yeh
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (T.-W.Y.); (Y.-Y.W.)
| | - Yun-Ya Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (T.-W.Y.); (Y.-Y.W.)
| | - Ya-Ling Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Dachang Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (Y.-L.C.); (T.-H.C.)
| | - Tzu-Hsien Chang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Dachang Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (Y.-L.C.); (T.-H.C.)
| | - Wei-Chin Hung
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (T.-H.Y.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Hung Yu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (T.-H.Y.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
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Dewitte M. Female Genital Arousal: A Focus on How Rather than Why. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:743-749. [PMID: 32671500 PMCID: PMC8888380 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Dewitte
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel, 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Özer M, Toulabi SP, Fisher AD, T'Sjoen G, Buncamper ME, Monstrey S, Bizic MR, Djordjevic M, Falcone M, Christopher NA, Simon D, Capitán L, Motmans J. ESSM Position Statement "Sexual Wellbeing After Gender Affirming Surgery". Sex Med 2022; 10:100471. [PMID: 34971864 PMCID: PMC8847816 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2021.100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Much has been published on the surgical and functional results following Gender Affirming Surgery ('GAS') in trans individuals. Comprehensive results regarding sexual wellbeing following GAS, however, are generally lacking. AIM To review the impact of various GAS on sexual wellbeing in treatment seeking trans individuals, and provide a comprehensive list of clinical recommendations regarding the various surgical options of GAS on behalf of the European Society for Sexual Medicine. METHODS The Medline, Cochrane Library and Embase databases were reviewed on the results of sexual wellbeing after GAS. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURE The task force established consensus statements regarding the somatic and general requirements before GAS and of GAS: orchiectomy-only, vaginoplasty, breast augmentation, vocal feminization surgery, facial feminization surgery, mastectomy, removal of the female sexual organs, metaidoioplasty, and phalloplasty. Outcomes pertaining to sexual wellbeing- sexual satisfaction, sexual relationship, sexual response, sexual activity, enacted sexual script, sexuality, sexual function, genital function, quality of sex life and sexual pleasure- are provided for each statement separately. RESULTS The present position paper provides clinicians with statements and recommendations for clinical practice, regarding GAS and their effects on sexual wellbeing in trans individuals. These data, are limited and may not be sufficient to make evidence-based recommendations for every surgical option. Findings regarding sexual wellbeing following GAS were mainly positive. There was no data on sexual wellbeing following orchiectomy-only, vocal feminization surgery, facial feminization surgery or the removal of the female sexual organs. The choice for GAS is dependent on patient preference, anatomy and health status, and the surgeon's skills. Trans individuals may benefit from studies focusing exclusively on the effects of GAS on sexual wellbeing. CONCLUSION The available evidence suggests positive results regarding sexual wellbeing following GAS. We advise more studies that underline the evidence regarding sexual wellbeing following GAS. This position statement may aid both clinicians and patients in decision-making process regarding the choice for GAS. Özer M, Toulabi SP, Fisher AD, et al. ESSM Position Statement "Sexual Wellbeing After Gender Affirming Surgery". Sex Med 2022;10:100471.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müjde Özer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sahaand Poor Toulabi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra D Fisher
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology, Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Guy T'Sjoen
- Department of Endocrinology and Center for Sexology and Gender, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marlon E Buncamper
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stan Monstrey
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marta R Bizic
- Department of Pediatric Urology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Marco Falcone
- Department of Urology, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nim A Christopher
- Department of Urology, St Peter's Andrology Centre and The Institute of Urology, London, UK
| | - Daniel Simon
- Facialteam Surgical Group, HC Marbella International Hospital, Marbella, Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Capitán
- Facialteam Surgical Group, HC Marbella International Hospital, Marbella, Málaga, Spain
| | - Joz Motmans
- Center for Sexology and Gender, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Neurochemical and Hormonal Contributors to Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-021-00403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Compulsive sexual behavior disorder has been recently included in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), and the possible contribution of neurochemical and hormonal factors have been reported. However, relatively little is known concerning the neurobiology underlying this disorder. The aim of this article is to review and discuss published findings in the area.
Recent Findings
Evidence suggests that the neuroendocrine systems are involved in the pathophysiology of compulsive sexual behavior. The hypothalamus-pituitary adrenal axis, the hypothalamus-pituitary–gonadal axis, and the oxytocinergic system have been implicated.
Summary
Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact involvement of neuroendocrine and hormonal systems in compulsive sexual behavior disorder. Prospective longitudinal studies are particularly needed, especially those considering co-occurring psychiatric disorders and obtaining hormonal assessments in experimental circumstances with appropriate control groups.
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Sha'ari N, Woon LSC, Sidi H, Das S, Bousman CA, Mohamed Saini S. Beneficial effects of natural products on female sexual dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153760. [PMID: 34638031 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) includes female orgasmic disorder, female sexual interest or arousal disorder, and genito-pelvic pain or penetration disorder. FSD affects 40% of women worldwide, but it is understudied and likely undertreated. Natural products are frequently used by women to treat FSD, but scientific evidence of their efficacy is lacking. OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis focused on the study of the efficacy of natural products on FSD. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of existing studies on natural products in the treatment of FSD. METHODS The literature search included MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial databases for studies published from January 2000 to February 2020. The quality and the level of evidence of the studies were assessed. The association between natural products and FSD was summarized using standardized mean differences (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS A total of 536 studies were identified, with 20 of them meeting the criteria. According to this meta-analysis, Tribulus terrestris showed a significant positive effect in improving overall female sexual function (SMD = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.46 - 1.79, p = 0.001) and individual sexual arousal (SMD = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.22 - 1.84, p = 0.013), sexual desire (SMD = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.52 - 1.63, p ≤ 0.001) and sexual orgasm (SMD = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.02 - 1.00, p = 0.040) domains compared to placebo. Panax ginseng was found to be effective in treating sexual arousal (SMD = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.11 - 0.97, p = 0.014) and sexual desire (SMD = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.27 - 0.90, p < 0.001) compared to placebo. Meanwhile, other natural products reviewed in this study, such as Trifolium pretense, did not differ significantly from placebo in terms of improving FSD. CONCLUSION Preliminary evidence suggests that Tribulus terrestris and Panax ginseng may be effective as alternative treatments for FSD in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahdiya Sha'ari
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Jalan Langat, Klang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Luke Sy-Cherng Woon
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hatta Sidi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Human & Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Chad A Bousman
- Department of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Suriati Mohamed Saini
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Sahu S, Biswas P, Singh SK, Patel AB, Barman AS, Pandey PK. Reproductive and immuno-biochemical response of silver barb (Barbonymus gonionotus) fed dietary l-tryptophan. REPRODUCTION AND BREEDING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbre.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Laan ETM, Klein V, Werner MA, van Lunsen RHW, Janssen E. In Pursuit of Pleasure: A Biopsychosocial Perspective on Sexual Pleasure and Gender. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2021; 33:516-536. [PMID: 38595780 PMCID: PMC10903695 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2021.1965689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Various sources of evidence suggest that men and women differ in their experience of sexual pleasure. Such gender differences have been attributed to men's higher innate sex drive, supported by evolutionary psychology perspectives and gender differences in reproductive strategies. Method: This paper presents biopsychosocial evidence for gender similarities in the capacity to experience pleasure, and for substantial gender differences in opportunities for sexual pleasure. Results: We conclude that sexual activity, in most cultures, is less pleasurable and associated with greater cost for heterosexual women than for heterosexual men, even though they do not differ in the capacity for sexual pleasure. Conclusion: Since gender differences in experienced sexual pleasure are not a biological given, a more critical discourse of sexual pleasure might create awareness of current inequalities, help lift restrictions for women's opportunities for pleasure, and could reduce gender differences in the cost of sex. That would truly serve sexual justice around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen T. M. Laan
- Department of Sexology and Psychosomatic Gynaecology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Verena Klein
- Institute for Sex Research and Forensic Psychiatry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marlene A. Werner
- Department of Sexology and Psychosomatic Gynaecology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rik H. W. van Lunsen
- Department of Sexology and Psychosomatic Gynaecology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erick Janssen
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute for Family and Sexuality Studies, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Mandal S, Mukhopadhyay P, Ghosh S. Sexual dysfunctions in Sheehan's syndrome. Endocr Pract 2021; 27:1212-1215. [PMID: 34311117 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sheehan's syndrome (SS) is not an uncommon cause of hypopituitarism in developing countries. Lack of sex-steroids both from ovaries and adrenals could lead to sexual dysfunction in SS. Sexual function is a neglected aspect of health in women in developing countries, though it contributes greatly towards quality of life and feeling of well being. Objective documentation of sexual function in SS is limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty two subjects with SS on conventional therapy (except Growth Hormone) were evaluated. SS was diagnosed as per standard criteria. Sexual function was assessed by validated questionnaires using Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Thirty healthy women of similar age range and socio-economic background were included as comparators. RESULTS Mean age (±SD) of study population and healthy controls were 39.9 (±8.6) and 38.2 (±6.8) years respectively. Median (IQR) interval between inciting event and diagnosis of SS was 8.3 (5.2-13.5) years. Thirty subjects were active sexually. Twenty eight (93%) had sexual dysfunction i.e. FSFI score ≤ 26.55. Median total FSFI scores in SS and controls were 20.8 and 29.05 respectively (p=0.001). There was statistically significant difference for individual parameter of sexual function i.e. desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm and satisfaction between SS and controls. However pain during intercourse was not different. FSFI score in SS was not correlated with any of the endocrine parameters or duration of the disease since diagnosis. CONCLUSION Sexual dysfunction is very common affecting more than 90% of subjects with SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumita Mandal
- Senior Resident, Department of Endocrinology, R. G. Kar medical College, Kolkata, India
| | - Pradip Mukhopadhyay
- Professor, Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Professor, Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India.
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Abstract
: Sexual health is an integral part of overall health, and an active and healthy sexual life is an essential aspect of a good life quality. Cardiovascular disease and sexual health share common risk factors (arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, and smoking) and common mediating mechanisms (endothelial dysfunction, subclinical inflammation, and atherosclerosis). This generated a shift of thinking about the pathophysiology and subsequently the management of sexual dysfunction. The introduction of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors revolutionized the management of sexual dysfunction in men. This article will focus on erectile dysfunction and its association with arterial hypertension. This update of the position paper was created by the Working Group on Sexual Dysfunction and Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension. This working group has been very active during the last years in promoting the familiarization of hypertension specialists and related physicians with erectile dysfunction, through numerous lectures in national and international meetings, a position paper, newsletters, guidelines, and a book specifically addressing erectile dysfunction in hypertensive patients. It was noted that erectile dysfunction precedes the development of coronary artery disease. The artery size hypothesis has been proposed as a potential explanation for this observation. This hypothesis seeks to explain the differing manifestation of the same vascular condition, based on the size of the vessels. Clinical presentations of the atherosclerotic and/or endothelium disease in the penile arteries might precede the corresponding manifestations from larger arteries. Treated hypertensive patients are more likely to have sexual dysfunction compared with untreated ones, suggesting a detrimental role of antihypertensive treatment on erectile function. The occurrence of erectile dysfunction seems to be related to undesirable effects of antihypertensive drugs on the penile tissue. Available information points toward divergent effects of antihypertensive drugs on erectile function, with diuretics and beta-blockers possessing the worst profile and angiotensin receptor blockers and nebivolol the best profile.
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Gassen J, White JD, Peterman JL, Mengelkoch S, Proffitt Leyva RP, Prokosch ML, Eimerbrink MJ, Brice K, Cheek DJ, Boehm GW, Hill SE. Sex differences in the impact of childhood socioeconomic status on immune function. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9827. [PMID: 33972662 PMCID: PMC8110986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life stress increases one's risk for health problems later in life, and many studies find that these effects are sex-differentiated. Here, we examined relationships between multiple sources of early life stress and adult immune function in humans across several functional assays. Adult participants provided retrospective information about their childhood (a) socioeconomic status, (b) household unpredictability, and (c) exposure to adverse experiences. Participants' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were then isolated for use in functional assays of immune performance: (a) tumor cell lysis by natural killer cells, (b) phagocytosis of Escherichia coli bioparticles, and (c) mitogen-induced leukocyte proliferation and cytokine release. In men, lower childhood socioeconomic status predicted decrements in immunological performance across functional assays, along with greater spontaneous cytokine release from PBMCs. These changes co-occurred with elevations in plasma testosterone levels. Similar effects were not observed for other sources of stress, nor were they found in women (with the exception of spontaneous cytokine release). These findings provide evidence that low childhood socioeconomic status has a lasting negative impact on multiple aspects of immune function, particularly in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Gassen
- Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, 1214 S 4th St, Waco, TX, 76706, USA.
| | - Jordon D White
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Julia L Peterman
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, 2955 S University Dr, Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA
| | - Summer Mengelkoch
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, 2955 S University Dr, Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA
| | - Randi P Proffitt Leyva
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, 2955 S University Dr, Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA
| | - Marjorie L Prokosch
- Florida Institute of Built Environment Resilience, University of Florida, 606 SE Depot Ave, Gainesville, FL, 32601, USA
| | - Micah J Eimerbrink
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, 2955 S University Dr, Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA
| | - Kelly Brice
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, 2955 S University Dr, Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA
| | - Dennis J Cheek
- Harris College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Texas Christian University, 2800 W Bowie St, Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA
| | - Gary W Boehm
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, 2955 S University Dr, Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA
| | - Sarah E Hill
- Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, 2955 S University Dr, Fort Worth, TX, 76109, USA
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Medubi LJ, Nwosu NC, Medubi OO, Lawal OR, Ama C, Kusemiju TO, Osinubi AAA. Increased de novo glutathione production enhances sexual dysfunctions in rats subjected to paradoxical sleep deprivation. JBRA Assist Reprod 2021; 25:215-222. [PMID: 33150783 PMCID: PMC8083868 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20200070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poor quality of sexual life has been reported secondary to poor sleep or sleep deprivation. Paradoxical sleep is an integral part of the sleep-wakefulness physiology and prolonged paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) may even be fatal. The objective of this investigation was to determine if D-ribose-L-cysteine (RibCys) and zinc (Zn) administration can attenuate the effect of PSD on the sexual function of male rats. METHODS Following acclimatization, 25 male rats were randomly distributed into five groups of 5 rats each. The PSD, PSD+RibCys, PSD+Zn, PSD+RibCys+Zn, and Control groups were sleep-deprived only, sleep-deprived and given 100mg/kg body-weight of pure RibCys, sleep-deprived and given 10mg/kg body weight Zn, sleep-deprived and given a combination of 100mg/kg of RibCys and 10mg/kg of Zn, and given distilled water without sleep deprivation, respectively. PSD lasted for 20 hours per day for 14 days. Subsequently, the sexual behavioral study was carried out and the animals were sacrificed for biochemical assays. RESULTS Analyses of results show that for animals treated with RibCys or Zn, all sexual parameters such as mount frequency and latency, intromission frequency and latency and ejaculation frequency and latency were significantly improved compared with animals subjected to PSD only. This improvement correlates strongly with serum glutathione (GHS) levels. CONCLUSION In summary, riboceine increases circulating GHS, which leads to improved sexual function during sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leke Jacob Medubi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Nkechi Clara Nwosu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Gregory University, Uturu, Anabra State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatoyi Ojuolape Medubi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olarenaju Ramat Lawal
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Cecilia Ama
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Taiwo Olabisi Kusemiju
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Abraham AA Osinubi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
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Garz M, Schröder J, Nieder T, Becker I, Biedermann S, Hildebrandt T, Briken P, Auer M, Fuß J. Body Image and Sexual Desire in the Context of Gender Affirming Therapy: Results of a Cross-sectional Multi-centered Transgender Study. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2021; 47:435-445. [PMID: 33616008 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2021.1888831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
It has been posited that gender-affirming treatment (GAT) can have an influence on body image and sexual desire in trans people. This study aims to examine associations between GAT and sexual desire as well as whether body image mediates the influences of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) or gender-affirming surgery (GAS) on sexual desire. A total of 210 individuals diagnosed with gender dysphoria (n = 105 of each gender) were assessed via self-assessment questionnaires in a cross-sectional study. Associations between GAT and sexual desire were investigated via multivariate analyses of variance. Mediation analyses were conducted to clarify associations between GAHT/GAS, body image, and sexual desire. GAHT was associated with increased sexual desire only in transmen. GAS had no significant effect on sexual desire in transmen and transwomen. Body image did not mediate the influence of GAHT or GAS on sexual desire in both groups. GAHT and GAS had significant direct effects on body image in both genders, whereas body image showed no significant direct effect on sexual desire. The results indicate that effects of GAT on sexual desire seem to be attributable to other factors than body image, such as the hormonal influence of testosterone in transmen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Garz
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Schröder
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Timo Nieder
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Inga Becker
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Biedermann
- Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hildebrandt
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peer Briken
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Auer
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Research Group Clinical Neuroendocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Fuß
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Vargas-Cáceres S, Cera N, Nobre P, Ramos-Quiroga JA. The Impact of Psychosis on Sexual Functioning: A Systematic Review. J Sex Med 2021; 18:457-466. [PMID: 33504468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual dysfunction among psychotic patients is highly prevalent. However, most research has focused on antipsychotic side effects on sexual functioning. AIM To provide evidence by means of a systematic review of the literature about the impact of psychosis on sexual functioning among unmedicated patients. METHODS Systematic search of MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies that reported sexual functioning among psychotic patients, who were drug-naïve or drug-free for at least 3 weeks before the study. Studies were published in English language between January 1994 and October 2019. We used the approach recommended by PRISMA, and the selection process was carried out by 2 reviewers. OUTCOMES The outcome measures were sexual function and sexual dysfunctions. RESULTS A total of 734 articles were obtained, 658 were obtained after duplicates were removed, 612 were excluded after reading the title and abstract, and 46 were included for a complete review of the articles. 5 papers were finally included. A total of 770 cases were included in the systematic review. The prevalence of sexual dysfunction in psychosis varied from 16.8% to 70% and in ultra-high state was 50%. It is noteworthy that those ultra-high-risk (prodromal) patients who develop psychosis had higher rates of sexual impairment. Therefore, we found higher rates of sexual dysfunction among untreated patients, both psychotic and ultra-high risk patients, than healthy controls. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The assessment of sexual behavior should be a part of routine psychiatric examination not only in psychotic but also in ultra-high-risk patients. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS This is the first systematic review about the impact of psychosis on sexual functioning among unmedicated patients. However, scarce and heterogeneous studies were identified. CONCLUSIONS Impaired sexual functioning is common in the onset of psychosis (or during ultra-high-risk state) and prior to the beginning of treatment. This suggests that psychotic symptoms and sexual dysfunction may have common etiological pathways at the psychosocial and neurobiological levels. Vargas-Cáceres S, Cera N, Nobre P, et al. The Impact of Psychosis on Sexual Functioning: A Systematic Review. J Sex Med 2021;18:457-466.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicoletta Cera
- CPUP. Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Nobre
- CPUP. Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institut, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Wani IA, Kumar V, Verma S, Tasleem Jan A, Rather IA. Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo: A Critically Endangered Perennial Orchid from the North-West Himalayas. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121644. [PMID: 33255646 PMCID: PMC7760081 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dactylorhiza hatagirea (Orchidaceae) is a perennial herb inhabiting sub-alpine to alpine regions, ranging at elevations between 2500 and 5000 m.a.s.l. With palmately lobed rhizome and lanceolate leaves having a sheathing leaf base, it bears pink flowers with purple-colored notches and a curved spur. It finds wide use in ayurveda, siddha, unani, and folk medicine in curing disorders of the circulatory, respiratory, nervous, digestive, skeletal, and reproductive systems, besides boosting the immune system to fight infectious diseases. Secondary metabolites such as dactylorhins A–E, dactyloses A–B, and others exhibit a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities (antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiseptic, anticancer, and immune enhancing activities). Its use as a dietary supplement was found to be beneficial in increasing testosterone levels, resulting in improved sexual desire and arousal. Incessant overexploitation of this medicinally important herb has resulted in the dwindling of its populations in the wild, which has resulted in its classification as a critically endangered plant species. Efforts involving mass reproduction through in vitro (through tissue culture) and in vivo (by vegetative propagation) means are currently being made to maintain the germplasm of this critically endangered orchid. Holding immense significance in clinical research and drug discovery, work on the genomic front (transcriptomics) has recently been carried out to discover the wealth of unexplored genetic information for this perennial herb. The present study is aimed at reviewing different aspects of the orchid to present collective (summarized) information on this medicinally important herb in the present, particularly its botany, ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacognosy, along with the strategies that need to be adopted to prevent its overexploitation in natural habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Ahmad Wani
- Department of Botany, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, India;
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea;
| | - Susheel Verma
- Department of Botany, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, India;
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (A.T.J.); (I.A.R.)
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- Department of Botany, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, India;
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (A.T.J.); (I.A.R.)
| | - Irfan A. Rather
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (A.T.J.); (I.A.R.)
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Xu ZH, Pan D, Liu TY, Yuan MZ, Zhang JY, Jiang S, Wang XS, Guan Y, Zhao ST. Effect of prolactin on penile erection: a cross-sectional study. Asian J Androl 2020; 21:587-591. [PMID: 31044754 PMCID: PMC6859666 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_22_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although elevated prolactin levels have been shown to inhibit penile erection, the relationship between prolactin and erection of the penile tip or base has not been extensively researched. We therefore investigated the prolactin's effects on erection of the penile tip and base, with a cross-sectional study of 135 patients with erectile dysfunction, based on scores of ≤21 on the International Index of Erectile Function-5. All patients were tested for nocturnal penile tumescence, blood pressure, serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the associations between prolactin levels and erection at the penile tip and base. We found no obvious relationship between erection time at penile tip and prolactin levels, but observed a negative correlation between base erection time and prolactin level (hazard ratio: −2.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −5.13–−0.22). With increasing prolactin concentration, multivariate analysis showed obvious reduction in base erection time among patients with normal Rigiscan results (hazard ratio: −3.10; 95% CI: −7.96–1.77; P < 0.05). Our data indicate that prolactin inhibits penile erection, particularly at the penile base. In addition, when the effective erection time of the penile base lasts longer than 10 min, prolactin has a more obvious inhibitory effect on penile base erection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-He Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Dong Pan
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Tong-Yan Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Ming-Zhen Yuan
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Jian-Ye Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Xue-Sheng Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Yong Guan
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Sheng-Tian Zhao
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong 250021, China.,Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Çetin S, Aslan E. The analysis of female sexual functions, sexual satisfaction and depressive symptoms according to menstrual cycle phases. SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2020.1792875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serpil Çetin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Izmir Bakırçay University, Menemen, İzmir
| | - Ergül Aslan
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Sişli, Istanbul, Turkey
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DURUKAN DURAN A, SİNAN Ö. Doğal ve Cerrahi Menopoza Giren Kadınlarda Cinsel Fonksiyon Bozukluklarının ve Depresyon Durumlarının Belirlenmesi. KOCAELI ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI DERGISI 2020. [DOI: 10.30934/kusbed.633350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Wittmann D, Khera M, Trost L, Mulhall J. Contemporary Considerations in the Pathophysiology of Low Sex Drive in Men. J Sex Med 2020; 17:1049-1052. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Roslan NS, Jaafar NRN, Sidi H, Baharudin N, Kumar J, Das S, Hussain NHN. The Bio-Psycho-Social Dimension in Women's Sexual Desire: 'Argumentum ad novitatem'. Curr Drug Targets 2020. [PMID: 28641524 DOI: 10.2174/1389450118666170622090337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sexual desire includes complex motivation and drive. In the context of biological and cognitive- emotive state art of science, it is often a neglected field in medicine. In regard to the treatment, study on women's sexual function received less attention compared to the men's sexuality. In the past, this endeavor was relatively not well disseminated in the scientific community. Recently, there was a revolutionized surge of drug targets available to treat women with low sexual desire. It is timely to review the relevant biological approach, especially in the context of pharmacotherapy to understand this interesting clinical entity which was modulated by numerous interactive psychosocial inter-play and factors. The complex inter-play between numerous dimensional factors lends insights to understand the neural mechanism, i.e. the rewards centre pathway and its interaction with external psychosocialstimulus, e.g. relationship or other meaningful life events. The function of hormones, e.g. oxytocin or testosterone regulation was described. The role of neurotransmitters as reflected by the introduction of a molecule of flibenserin, a full agonist of the 5-HT1A and partial agonist of the D4 to treat premenopausal women with low sexual desire was deliberated. Based on this fundamental scientific core knowledge, we suggest an outline on know-how of introduction for sex therapy (i.e. "inner-self" and "outer-self") where the role of partner is narrated. Then, we also highlighted on the use of pharmacological agent as an adjunct scope of therapy, i.e. phosphodiasterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors and hormonal treatment in helping the patient with low sexual desire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Syazwani Roslan
- Department of Psychiatry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nik Ruzyanei Nik Jaafar
- Department of Psychiatry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hatta Sidi
- Department of Psychiatry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Najwa Baharudin
- Department of Psychiatry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nik Hazlina Nik Hussain
- Women's Health Development Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Linden D, Dutton E, Madison G. National‐level Indicators of Androgens are Related to the Global Distribution of Scientific Productivity and Science Nobel Prizes. JOURNAL OF CREATIVE BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jocb.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Changes in Sexual Desire in Women and Their Partners during Pregnancy. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020526. [PMID: 32075159 PMCID: PMC7074242 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
When studying sexual desire during pregnancy, most research focuses on the pregnant woman’s sexual desire and almost never takes into account her sexual partner. The novelty of this study is that sexual desire during pregnancy is studied from the point of view of the pregnant woman and from that of her male partner. The goal of this study is to see how sexual desire behaves during pregnancy in both partners. For this, a descriptive, longitudinal, and multistage study was designed. Methodologically, in the first stage, the different study variables were described through a single-variate analysis. In the second stage, one variable was related to others by means of a bivariate analysis. Finally, in the third stage, a multivariate analysis was done, composed of binary logistic regression models and latent growth curves. The results confirm that pregnancy influences the sexual desire of both partners, and that sexual desire behaves differently in women than in men during pregnancy. Men have higher levels of sexual desire throughout pregnancy as compared to women. The first trimester of pregnancy is the period when women have less sexual desire.
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Harvey TA, Jeglic EL. Attenuation of Deviant Sexual Fantasy across the Lifespan in United States Adult Males. PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND LAW : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND ASSOCIATION OF PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW 2020; 27:246-264. [PMID: 32944125 PMCID: PMC7476618 DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2020.1719376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Deviant sexual fantasy is identified as a risk factor for sexual offending, yet no study has examined deviant sexual fantasy across the lifespan in nonoffending adult males. To bridge this gap, this study examined the frequencies of normative and deviant sexual fantasies among 318 nonoffending adult males in the United States. Participants were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk™. Participants took two inventories that assessed demographics and types of sexual fantasies. Normality tests, means tests, Kruskal-Wallis 1-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs), binary logistic regressions, and odds ratio post hoc analyses were conducted. Deviant sexual fantasies progressively declined across all three age groups, while normative sexual fantasy did not. Results suggest that deviant sexual fantasy changes across the lifespan. Applicability of the findings to applied settings, such as sexually violent predator evaluations, is discussed. Limitations and future considerations are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A. Harvey
- Psychology Department, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth L. Jeglic
- Psychology Department, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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Defreyne J, Elaut E, Kreukels B, Fisher AD, Castellini G, Staphorsius A, Den Heijer M, Heylens G, T'Sjoen G. Sexual Desire Changes in Transgender Individuals Upon Initiation of Hormone Treatment: Results From the Longitudinal European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence. J Sex Med 2020; 17:812-825. [PMID: 32008926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several steps in the transitioning process may affect sexual desire in transgender people. This is often underexposed by those providing gender-affirming care. AIM To prospectively assess sexual desire during the first 3 years of hormonal therapy (HT) in transgender people. METHODS This prospective cohort study was part of the European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence. At baseline, different psychological questionnaires were administered. Sex steroids were measured at each follow-up visit. Data were analyzed cross-sectionally and prospectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Prospective analysis of total, dyadic (with another person), and solitary (with oneself) sexual desire in 766 participants (401 transgender women [TW], 364 transgender men [TM]) was carried out using the Sexual Desire Inventory (SDI) questionnaire during a 3-year follow-up period, starting at the initiation of HT. Other factors associated with prospective changes were assessed. RESULTS In TW, total, dyadic, and solitary SDI scores decreased during the first 3 months of HT. However, after 36 months, total and dyadic SDI scores were higher than baseline scores. Solitary scores after 36 months were comparable with baseline scores. In TM, total, dyadic, and solitary SDI scores increased over the first 3 months, remaining stable thereafter. However, total and dyadic SDI scores after 36 months were comparable with baseline scores, whereas solitary scores remained higher than baseline. Factors associated with a prospective increase in SDI scores included having undergone gonadectomy, no longer experiencing menstrual bleeding or higher gender dysphoria levels at baseline (in TM only). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS This study offers clear data on the time course of sexual desire after starting HT and thereby helps to inform people who want to start HT. Transgender people can be informed that changes in sexual desire after initiating HT are temporary. Over a longer period of time, the current research does not suggest induction of hypoactive sexual disorder in TW or long-term increased sexual desire in TM. STRENGTH & LIMITATIONS Strengths include the prospective design of this large multicentric study, the well-defined cohort, controlling for HT, sex steroids, and other factors. Limitations include performing a data lock, the absence of an objective measure of sexual desire, and the timing of laboratory measurements. CONCLUSION Gender-affirming HT only induces short-term changes in sexual desire in transgender people. Over a longer period of time, a net increase in dyadic sexual desire in TW receiving feminizing HT and sexual desire scores comparable with baseline in TM receiving virilizing HT, were observed. Defreyne J, Elaut E, Kreukels B, et al. Sexual Desire Changes in Transgender Individuals Upon Initiation of Hormone Treatment: Results From the Longitudinal European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence Study. J Sex Med 2020;17:812-825.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Defreyne
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Els Elaut
- Center for Sexology and Gender, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Baudewijntje Kreukels
- Department of Psychology and Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VUmc, HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Daphne Fisher
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Castellini
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Annemieke Staphorsius
- Department of Endocrinology and Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VUmc, HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Den Heijer
- Department of Endocrinology and Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VUmc, HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gunter Heylens
- Center for Sexology and Gender, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy T'Sjoen
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Sexology and Gender, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Burri A, Hilpert P. Postcoital Symptoms in a Convenience Sample of Men and Women. J Sex Med 2020; 17:556-559. [PMID: 31937518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postcoital dysphoria (PCD) is a condition characterized by inexplicable feelings of tearfulness, sadness, and/or irritability. Previous research has mostly focused on these 3 symptoms, failing to explore other symptoms that can occur after sexual activity. AIM The aim of the present study was to get a more in-depth understanding of postcoital symptom variety, to compare the type and frequency of these symptoms in men and women, and to explore the context in which they manifest. METHODS A convenience sample of 223 women and 76 men filled in an online survey consisting of a list of 21 symptoms and a set of additional questions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The study outcomes were obtained using a study-specific questionnaire to assess postcoital symptoms, consisting of a list of 21 symptoms that form 4 domains and 2 additional questions that assess personal and interpersonal distress. RESULTS Of all participants, 91.9% reported any postcoital symptom over the past 4 weeks and 94.3% ever since they had been sexually active. The most common symptoms in women were mood swings and sadness, whereas in men, it was unhappiness and low energy. Men and women differed in the frequency of postcoital symptoms experienced ever since being sexually active, with women reporting more sadness, mood swings, frustration, and worthlessness. For 73.5% of individuals, the postcoital symptoms were present after consensual sexual intercourse, for 41.9%, after general sexual activity, and for 46.6% also, after masturbation. Of all participants, 33.9% said that they only experienced the symptoms after orgasm. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Postcoital symptoms are clearly more varied than previously suggested and are not related to classic "dysphoria" only. Hence, we propose to cease calling the phenomenon "postcoital dysphoria" and suggest to simply use the term "postcoital symptoms." STRENGTH & LIMITATIONS This is the first study ever to provide a more in-depth exploration of postcoital symptom variety. The sample was relatively small, and the representativeness and, therefore, generalizability of the results was limited, given that a convenience sample was used. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that postcoital symptoms are a multifaceted phenomenon which shows similar expression in men and women. The symptoms are clearly more varied not related to classic "dysphoria" only. Burri A, Hilpert P. Postcoital Symptoms in a Convenience Sample of Men and Women. J Sex Med 2020;17:556-559.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Burri
- Institute for Sex Counselling and Sexual Sciences (ISCSS), Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Peter Hilpert
- Institute for Sex Counselling and Sexual Sciences (ISCSS), Zurich, Switzerland; School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guilford, United Kingdom
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