Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2016.
World J Dermatol. May 2, 2016; 5(2): 72-83
Published online May 2, 2016. doi: 10.5314/wjd.v5.i2.72
Table 1 Events downstream of P2X7 receptor activation
RONS formation
Shedding of CD23, CD27, CD62L and E-cadherin
Up-regulation of CD80 and CD86 expression
PGE-2 synthesis and release
IL-1β and IL-18 maturation and release
IL-6 release
IL-2 and IL-17 synthesis and release
VEGF release
Killing of intracellular pathogens
Cell death
Table 2 Roles of the P2X7 receptor in mouse models of skin disease
DiseaseObservations
Allergic contact dermatitisP2X7 blockade or deficiency impairs CHS[89]
Irritant contact dermatitisP2X7 blockade or deficiency impairs croton oil-induced oedema, IL-1β production and neutrophil infiltration[69]
PsoriasisND
Cutaneous graft-vs-host diseaseP2X7 blockade or deficiency increases survival and reduces disease severity, serum concentrations of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-6 in allogeneic mouse models[98,99]
Wound healingP2X7 deficient macrophages display reduced migration in an in vitro wound repair model[102]
Skin transplantationP2X7 blockade or deficiency prevents allogeneic skin transplant rejection[109]
MelanomaATP injection impairs A375 melanoma cell growth in immuno-compromised mice[120] P2X7 blockade inhibits B16 melanoma cell growth in immuno-competent mice[121,122] P2X7 deficiency impairs B16 melanoma cell migration in vitro[102] P2X7 deficiency in host leads to increased B16 melanoma growth and metastasis[102]
Basal cell carcinomaND
Squamous cell carcinomaP2X7 deficiency in host enhances chemical-induced carcinogenesis[18] BzATP injection led to tumour apoptosis[18]
Table 3 Roles of the P2X7 receptor in human skin diseases
DiseaseObservations
Allergic contact dermatitisIncreased P2X7 expression in atopic dermatitis lesions[88]
Irritant contact dermatitisND
PsoriasisIncreased P2X7 expression in psoriatic skin lesions[30,88]
Cutaneous graft-vs-host diseaseND
Wound healingP2X7 activation promotes VEGF release from monocytes[103]
Skin transplantationND
MelanomaP2X7 is present on melanoma cells[117,118] and cell lines[119], with increased expression compared to normal melanocytes[119]
P2X7 activation induces A375 melanoma[118] but suppresses HT168-M1 melanoma cell death[119]
Basal cell carcinomaP2X7 is present in necrotic tumour centres and apoptotic tumour cells, and correlates inversely with tumour aggressiveness[123]
Squamous cell carcinomaP2X7 is present in apoptotic tumour cells and its activation causes A431 SCC cell death[123]