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Cardone G, Bilbao F, Verbner JM, Cafruni VM, Carrasco MN. Endoscopic Calcaneoplasty in Haglund Disease: Surgical Technique, Clinical and Subjective Outcomes. Foot Ankle Int 2024; 45:1076-1082. [PMID: 39095985 DOI: 10.1177/10711007241264223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the last decade, arthroscopic procedures have been replacing open techniques in Haglund disease treatment because of their considerable advantages. Endoscopic calcaneoplasty is a technique that allows resection of posterosuperior calcaneal exostosis and retrocalcaneal bursitis. The objective of this article was to describe this technique and report its clinical and subjective outcome. METHODS A retrospective study was performed of consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic Haglund resection surgery between July 2014 and March 2020 at a single academic institution. All patients were surveyed in person about the level of pain (visual analog scale), its location (central, lateral, medial or diffuse), its relation with rest, or physical activity. Clinical evaluation was assessed using the hindfoot scale designed by the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS). RESULTS In this study, 14 endoscopic calcaneoplasties were performed in 14 patients, with an average follow-up of 40 months. The visual analog scale score improved from a preoperative average value of 9.07 to 1.8 after surgery (P > .0001). The AOFAS scale rose from 38.7 before surgery to 94.6 postoperative (P > .0001). Good subjective results were observed in 12 patients (85.7%), and all of them would have surgery again. There were no wound complications or infections. No patient required reoperation. CONCLUSION In this relatively small cohort, we found that endoscopic calcaneoplasty was associated with good clinical and subjective results with few complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Cardone
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Foot and Ankle Section, Orthopaedics Department, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo Bilbao
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Foot and Ankle Section, Orthopaedics Department, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jonathan M Verbner
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Foot and Ankle Section, Orthopaedics Department, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia M Cafruni
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Foot and Ankle Section, Orthopaedics Department, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina N Carrasco
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Foot and Ankle Section, Orthopaedics Department, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Hall S, Schipper ON, Kaplan JRM, Johnson AH, Gonzalez TA, Vulcano E. Outcomes After Percutaneous Zadek Osteotomy for Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy. Foot Ankle Int 2024; 45:931-939. [PMID: 39219246 PMCID: PMC11408980 DOI: 10.1177/10711007241252803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT) historically consists of Achilles tendon debridement with reattachment and excision of the posterosuperior calcaneal prominence with or without a gastrocnemius recession. Zadek osteotomy (ZO) is an alternative to an open midline splitting approach. The purpose of this study was to analyze patient-reported outcomes and complications after percutaneously performed ZO with minimum 2 years' follow-up. METHODS One hundred eight cases treated with percutaneous ZO with a minimum 2-year follow-up were retrospectively reviewed. Postoperative complications and patient satisfaction were evaluated. Foot Function Index (FFI) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores were recorded at preoperative and follow-up appointments to measure patients' functional outcomes and pain, respectively. RESULTS Mean follow-up was 41.2 months (range, 24-65). Mean age was 51.8 years (range, 28-81). The mean FFI score improved from 56.1 (range, 47-88) to 11.0 (range, 7-59) postoperatively (P < .001). The mean VAS score improved from 7.7 (range, 5-10) to 0.4 (range, 0-7) postoperatively (P < .001). The overall complication rate was 3.8% (n = 4). Of 104 cases, 98.1% of patients said they were satisfied with their procedure (n = 102) when asked if they were satisfied with their ZO and recovery. CONCLUSION We found the percutaneous ZO to be a safe and effective intervention for treatment of IAT. At a minimum of 2-year follow-up, this intervention is associated with minimal complications, improved function, reduced pain, and a high rate of patient satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- SarahRose Hall
- University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tyler A Gonzalez
- University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
- Prisma Health Orthopedics, Lexington, SC, USA
| | - Ettore Vulcano
- Columbia University Division of Orthopedics at Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
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Hall S, Kaplan JRM, Phillips T, Jackson JB, Vulcano E, Gonzalez TA. The surgical learning curve for percutaneous Zadek osteotomy for treatment of insertional achilles tendinopathy. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2024; 144:3003-3009. [PMID: 38926196 PMCID: PMC11319486 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-024-05405-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Zadek Osteotomy has been described as an effective technique for the treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy. Recently, this strategy has been modified using minimally invasive techniques. A learning curve has been observed in many minimally invasive procedures in foot and ankle surgery. This retrospective study first intended to evaluate if there is a learning curve associated with the percutaneous Zadek Osteotomy. Further, if a learning curve was observed, we planned to assess the data for associated changes in complications and postoperative outcomes. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 98 patients who underwent percutaneous Zadek Osteotomy was performed. Patient charts were reviewed for operative times, complications, union rates, and Foot Function Index (FFI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores. Analysis of variance was utilized to assess for differences between groups of cases. RESULTS Patients included 61 females and 37 males. Mean age was 51.28 ± 11.12 (range 28-81) years. Mean follow-up time was 42.07 ± 12.99 (range 24-65) months. Significant increases in operative times were observed in cases 1-14 when compared to cases 15-98 (p < 0.001). Improvements in FFI and VAS scores were observed at final follow-up within each case group (p < 0.001); there were no differences detected in FFI or VAS scores between groups of cases. There was no difference detected in number of complications between intervals of cases. CONCLUSION A learning curve was observed for the percutaneous Zadek Osteotomy, which was overcome around case 14. This learning curve was only observed in terms of procedure length. A surgeon's level of inexperience with the technique does not appear to affect functional outcomes, nonunion, or need for revision. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV Data will not be deposited in a repository.
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Affiliation(s)
- SarahRose Hall
- University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, 6311 Garners Ferry Rd, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | | | - Tammy Phillips
- University of Florida Orthopedics, 3450 Hull Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32607, USA
| | - J Benjamin Jackson
- University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, 6311 Garners Ferry Rd, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
- Prisma Health Orthopedics - Lexington, 104 Saluda Pointe Drive, Lexington, SC, 29072, USA
| | - Ettore Vulcano
- Columbia University Division of Orthopedics at Mount Sinai Medical Center, 4302 Alton Rd, Simon Building, Suite 220, Miami Beach, FL, 33140, USA
| | - Tyler A Gonzalez
- University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, 6311 Garners Ferry Rd, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA.
- Prisma Health Orthopedics - Lexington, 104 Saluda Pointe Drive, Lexington, SC, 29072, USA.
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Hall S, Kaplan JRM, Schipper ON, Vulcano E, Johnson AH, Jackson JB, Aiyer AA, Gonzalez TA. Minimally Invasive Approaches to Haglund's Deformity and Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy: A Contemporary Review. Foot Ankle Int 2024; 45:664-675. [PMID: 38647216 PMCID: PMC11165941 DOI: 10.1177/10711007241237529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- SarahRose Hall
- University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | | | - Ettore Vulcano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
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Nakajima K. Insertional Achilles tendinopathy: A radiographic cross-sectional comparison between symptomatic and asymptomatic heel of 71 patients. Eur J Radiol Open 2024; 12:100568. [PMID: 38765668 PMCID: PMC11101900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2024.100568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This retrospective study aimed to investigate whether the standard radiographic indicators for Haglund's syndrome are applicable to insertional Achilles tendinopathy. Methods Patients who underwent surgery for insertional Achilles tendinopathy in one heel and experienced no pain in the other heel were enrolled in this study. Preoperative calibrated radiographs of the lateral view of the calcaneus were assessed using (1) calcaneal pitch angle, (2) Fowler-Phillip angle, (3) posterior calcaneal angle, (4) Chauveau-Liet angle, (5) X/Y ratio, (6) Haglund's deformity height, (7) Haglund's deformity peak angle, (8) calcification length, (9) calcification width, (10) parallel pitch test, and (11) presence of free body. The Wilcoxon signed rank test and McNemar's test were used for statistical analyses. Results Seventy-one patients (52 males; mean age, 57.2; mean body mass index, 27.1) were included. Mean values for each index in the symptomatic and asymptomatic heels were as follows, respectively: (1) 23.5, 23.0 (p = 0.30); (2) 58.9, 57.8 (p < 0.05); (3) 7.6, 9.2 (p < 0.05); (4) 15.8, 13.9 (p < 0.05); (5) 2.8, 2.8 (p = 0.87); (6) 5.4, 5.0 (p < 0.05); (7) 99.6, 99.0 (p = 0.44); (8) 10.5, 7.6 (p < 0.001); and (9) 5.1, 4.4 (p < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, and area under curve of significant indicators were as follows, respectively: (2) 0.78, 0.37, 0.55; (3) 0.45, 0.72, 0.58; (4) 0.63, 0.54, 0.57; (6) 0.45, 0.69, 0.59; (8) 0.48, 0.80, 0.66; and (9) 0.63, 0.54, 0.59. The presence of free body also showed a significant difference between both heels (p < 0.05). Conclusion Some radiographic indicators for Haglund's syndrome are applicable to the diagnosis of insertional Achilles tendinopathy. A comparison of the parameters of Haglund's syndrome with those of insertional Achilles tendinopathy may illuminate the etiology and pathology of insertional Achilles tendinopathy and lead to novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Nakajima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yashio Central General Hospital, Saitama, Japan
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Mateen S, Cottom J, Jappar A, Siddiqui NA. Landmarks for a Minimally Invasive Approach for Haglund's Deformity: A Cadaveric Study. Foot Ankle Spec 2024; 17:13S-17S. [PMID: 38018536 DOI: 10.1177/19386400231214121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Haglund's deformity is a posterosuperior calcaneal prominence often associated with a painful bursa and insertional Achilles tendinopathy. Endoscopic debridement has been previously described; however, the aim of this cadaveric study is to describe landmarks of a minimally invasive surgical (MIS) approach to Haglund's deformity. METHODS Twelve specimens were dissected to identify medial and lateral portals for minimally invasive burr placement and anchor placement. A standard ruler was used to measure the distance in millimeters from the medial and lateral neurovascular structures in relation to medial and lateral portals. A separate 7-cm longitudinal incision posterior to the lateral malleolus and a separate 7-cm longitudinal incision posterior to the medial malleolus were made to identify at-risk neurovascular structures. RESULTS The average distance from the sural nerve to the lateral portal was 25.7 mm (23-26). The mean distance from the lateral calcaneal branch of the sural nerve to lateral portal was 11.4 mm (10-12). The mean distance from the tibial nerve to the medial portal was 35.3 mm (35-36). Both the medial and lateral incisions were 9.3 mm from the calcaneal tuberosity. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the MIS approach to Haglund's deformity resection can be performed reliably without neurovascular compromise. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mateen
- International Center for Limb Lengthening, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James Cottom
- Florida Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Center, Sarasota, Florida
| | - Asma Jappar
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Noman A Siddiqui
- International Center for Limb Lengthening, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
- Division of Podiatry, Northwest Hospital, Randallstown, Maryland
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Desai SS, Wong TT, Crockatt WK, Tedesco LJ, Trofa DP, Popkin CA. The 'Bauer bump:' ice hockey skates as a common cause of Haglund syndrome. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2023; 51:414-419. [PMID: 35583477 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2022.2079962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ice hockey is a fast-paced contact sport with a high rate of injury. While many of the injuries are acute and related to high skating speeds, frequent collisions, and sharp skates, the clinician must also be aware of the chronic injuries that commonly arise from playing this sport. The "Bauer bump" is one such chronic injury, which is the onset of Haglund syndrome in ice hockey players occurring in the context of wearing ice hockey skates. With this condition, players notice a bony enlargement of their posterosuperior calcaneus with or without the accompanying symptoms of retrocalcaneal bursitis and insertional Achilles tendinopathy. It is important for clinicians to understand the nature of Haglund syndrome in hockey players so that it can be appropriately diagnosed, managed, and ultimately, prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohil S Desai
- Center for Shoulder, Elbow and Sports Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, NY, USA
| | - Tony T Wong
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, NY, USA
| | - William K Crockatt
- Center for Shoulder, Elbow and Sports Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, NY, USA
| | - Liana J Tedesco
- Center for Shoulder, Elbow and Sports Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, NY, USA
| | - David P Trofa
- Center for Shoulder, Elbow and Sports Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, NY, USA
| | - Charles A Popkin
- Center for Shoulder, Elbow and Sports Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, NY, NY, USA
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Kaplan JRM, Hall S, Schipper ON, Vulcano E, Jackson JB, Gonzalez T. Percutaneous Zadek Osteotomy for Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy and Haglund Deformity: A Technique Tip. Foot Ankle Int 2023; 44:931-935. [PMID: 37391996 DOI: 10.1177/10711007231181124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R M Kaplan
- Orthopaedic Specialty Institute Medical Group of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA
| | - SarahRose Hall
- School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | - Ettore Vulcano
- Orthopedics, Columbia University, Miami Beach, FL, USA
- Orthopedics, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - J Benjamin Jackson
- School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Prisma Health Orthopedics, Lexington, Lexington, SC, USA
| | - Tyler Gonzalez
- School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Prisma Health Orthopedics, Lexington, Lexington, SC, USA
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Abstract
A retrospective review of consecutive patients diagnosed with insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT) was performed. Outcomes included Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores, return to run rates, and return to military duty rates. Our data analysis included 113 patients; 58 (55%) patients required surgery. Mean duration of follow-up was 42 months (range, 12-143). Mean age at the time of surgery was 37.2 years (range, 21-54). VAS scores significantly improved from 5.4 at the preoperative visit to 2.9 at 24 months. There was no significant improvement in VAS scores after the 3-month postoperative visit. Mean return to run time was 9 months (range, 4.5-16). At 1 year, 80% (46/58) of patients returned to military duty. Complications requiring return to the operating room were observed in 6 patients (9%). The high rate of return to duty and significant improvement in pain scores demonstrate that the surgical management of IAT is a viable treatment option for patients who could not otherwise remain on active duty. With that said, the complication rate of 27% is high. Patients and providers should consider the risks, benefits, and duration of therapy during their shared decision-making process.Level of Evidence: Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul M Ryan
- Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
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Nakajima K. Minimally invasive surgeries for insertional Achilles tendinopathy: A commentary review. World J Orthop 2023; 14:369-378. [PMID: 37377992 PMCID: PMC10292061 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v14.i6.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of minimally invasive surgery for insertional Achilles tendinopathy are limited. To establish this surgery, the following techniques must be minimally invasive: Exostosis resection at the Achilles tendon insertion, debridement of degenerated Achilles tendon, reattachment using anchors or augmentation using flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon transfer, and excision of the posterosuperior calcaneal prominence. Studies on these four perspectives were reviewed to establish minimally invasive surgery for insertional Achilles tendinopathy. Techniques for exostosis resection were demonstrated in one case study, where blunt dissection around the exostosis was performed, and the exostosis was resected using an abrasion burr under fluoroscopic guidance. Techniques for debridement of degenerated Achilles tendon were demonstrated in the same case study, where the space left after resection of the exostosis was used as an endoscopic working space, and the degenerated Achilles tendon and intra-tendinous calcification were debrided endoscopically. Achilles tendon reattachment techniques using suture anchors have been demonstrated in several studies. However, there are no studies on FHL tendon transfer techniques for Achilles tendon reattachment. In contrast, endoscopic posterosuperior calcaneal prominence resection is already established. Additionally, studies on ultrasound-guided surgeries and percutaneous dorsal wedge calcaneal osteotomy as minimally invasive surgery were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Nakajima
- Center for Foot and Ankle Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, YashioCentral General Hospital, Yashio-shi 340-0814, Saitama, Japan
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Mazura M, Goldman T, Stanislav P, Kachlik D, Hromadka R. Calcaneal osteotomy due to insertional calcaneal tendinopathy: preoperative planning. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:478. [PMID: 36335392 PMCID: PMC9636787 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dorsal closing wedge calcaneal osteotomy (DCWCO) is indicated in patients with insertional tendinopathy of the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon. The Chauveaus-Liet’s (CL) angle is represented by the difference between the angle of verticalization (α) and morphological angle (β) of the calcaneus (CL angle = α − β). The purpose of the study was to assess whether the DCWCO affects the Chauveaus-Liet’s angle. Methods The study included 12 patients indicated to DCWCO. Three directions of close wedge osteotomy were designed for each patient—horizontal, vertical and in the middle type of osteotomy and a virtual osteotomy was created in each of them in the ABAQUS system in cooperation with Czech Technical University. The most used directions of osteotomy according to the available literature were used. We evaluated α and β angles before and after osteotomy, changes of the length plantar aponeurosis and the elevation of distal insertional point of the calcaneal tendon. The changes of grades, median and standard deviation were observed. Results The change of the alfa angle was dependent on the direction of the osteotomy and the change of the beta angle was affected by the size of the osteotomy. The greatest elevation of the distal insertional point of the calcaneal tendon occurred in the horizontal type of the osteotomy. Conclusion Our study shows that the more we want to reduce the tension in the calcaneal tendon, the more we have to perform an osteotomy horizontally. This study could serve as a preoperative guide for osteotomy planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Mazura
- grid.412826.b0000 0004 0611 0905First Department of Orthopaedics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic ,grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Anatomy, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Goldman
- grid.6652.70000000121738213Department of Mechanics, Bioemchanics and Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 4, 166 07 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Popelka Stanislav
- grid.412826.b0000 0004 0611 0905First Department of Orthopaedics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - David Kachlik
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Anatomy, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Rastislav Hromadka
- grid.412826.b0000 0004 0611 0905First Department of Orthopaedics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
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Scott AT, Long CS, Jaramillo TJ, Lara DL, Marois AJ, Juneja P. Review of Achilles Tendon Reattachment Using Double-Row Knotted and Knotless Techniques in the Management of Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy. J Foot Ankle Surg 2022; 61:927-931. [PMID: 34998679 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Insertional Achilles tendinopathy represents a chronic degenerative condition affecting the insertion of the Achilles. Surgery is indicated in recalcitrant cases and often involves extensive debridement followed by subsequent repair of the insertion. In the present study, we evaluate the results of knotted and knotless double-row suture systems for Achilles reattachment. Despite the popularity of double-row repairs, there is a relative paucity of clinic data regarding efficacy of the available implants. In a retrospective cohort study, 38 patients (40 Achilles tendons) who received double-row repairs between November 2012 and December 2016 were evaluated. In addition to demographic information, preoperative pain scores and symptom duration were recorded. Perioperative and postoperative records were reviewed, and telephone interviews were conducted to assess patient satisfaction, functional status, postoperative pain, and information regarding surgical complications. At a mean follow-up of 32.5 months, 35 (92.1%) patients reported satisfaction with the outcome. Decreased pain levels were reported in 38 (95%) ankles, with 21 (52.5%) ankles being rated pain-free postoperatively. Of the patients working prior to surgery, 20 (95.2%) were able to return to normal work duties, and all 11 (100%) patients who engaged in sports preoperatively were able to return to the same level of activity. Two patients developed postoperative infections, one of which required operative debridement. No Achilles avulsions were encountered. No significant differences were noted between the 2 operative techniques. Considering the available biomechanical data, along with high patient satisfaction rates and low rate of complications, double-row repair offers a viable option for recalcitrant insertional Achilles tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Scott
- Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
| | - Christina Sigur Long
- Podiatrist in Private Practice, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Todd J Jaramillo
- Podiatrist in Private Practice, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Daniel L Lara
- Resident, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Anthony J Marois
- Resident, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Pallavi Juneja
- Resident, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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Nakajima K. Fluoroscopic and Endoscopic Calcaneal Exostosis Resection and Achilles Tendon Debridement for Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy Results in Good Outcomes, Early Return to Sports Activities, and Few Wound Complications. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil 2022; 4:e1385-e1395. [PMID: 36033171 PMCID: PMC9402468 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmr.2022.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To review the outcomes of patients with insertional Achilles tendinopathy who underwent a minimally invasive surgery: fluoroscopic and endoscopic calcaneal exostosis resection and Achilles tendon debridement. Methods The medical records of consecutive patients who underwent this surgery from February 2017 to July 2019 were reviewed. The inclusion criterion was ≥2-year follow-up. The exclusion criterion was another surgery performed on the ipsilateral or contralateral foot. Haglund deformity resection was not combined with this surgery. The outcomes were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) score and the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot (JSSF) scores for all patients and the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment self-administered Achilles (VISA-A) scores for patients participating in sports activities. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the thresholds of minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) were used for statistical analyses. Results Forty-four patients with a mean age of 55.7 ± 11.0 years and mean body mass index of 26.0 ± 4.0 kg/m2 were included. The mean follow-up duration was 2.8 ± 0.7 years. Of all participants, 22 participated in sports activities. The overall median VAS and JSSF scores improved from 64.5 to 6.5 mm and from 67.0 to 100 points, respectively (P < .001). The percentages of patients who achieved the MCID for the VAS, JSSF, and VISA-A scores were 100%, 93.2%, and 100%, respectively, and the percentages of patients who achieved the PASS for the VAS, JSSF, and VISA-A scores were 77.3%, 86.4%, and 81.8%, respectively. The median VISA-A scores improved from 40.5 to 95.0 points (P < .001). The median time to return to sport was 4.5 months. Complications included five cases of reoperation and two cases of scar sensitivity. Conclusion For patients with insertional Achilles tendinopathy, fluoroscopic and endoscopic calcaneal exostosis resection and Achilles tendon debridement resulted in good outcomes, early return to sports activities, and few wound complications. Level of Evidence IV, therapeutic case series
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Yuen WLP, Tan PT, Kon KKC. Surgical Treatment of Haglund’s Deformity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2022; 14:e27500. [PMID: 36060327 PMCID: PMC9424834 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Posterosuperior calcaneal prominence, also known as Haglund’s deformity, can often lead to retrocalcaneal bursitis, a significant cause of posterior heel pain. Surgery is indicated for symptomatic patients, after a period of conservative treatment including analgesia, physiotherapy, activity, and shoe wear modification has failed. Surgical options include both open and endoscopic techniques, and typically involve excision of the retrocalcaneal bursa, resection of the calcaneal prominence, and debridement of the diseased Achilles tendon. This article aims to provide an evidence-based literature review for the surgical management of Haglund’s deformity. A comprehensive evidence-based literature review of the PubMed database conducted in July 2021 identified 20 relevant articles assessing the efficacy of surgical modalities for Haglund’s deformity. The 20 studies were assigned to a level of evidence (I-IV). Individual studies were reviewed to provide a grade of recommendation (A-C, I) according to the Wright classification in support of or against the surgical modality. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed for the 20 studies. The results show that both open and endoscopic surgical modalities are efficacious in the treatment of Haglund’s deformity, significantly improving functional outcome scores such as American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores and patient satisfaction post-operatively. Endoscopic surgery appears to have the advantage of shorter operative times, lower complication rates, and better cosmesis. More studies are required to further validate and optimize these surgical techniques.
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15
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A novel technique of minimally invasive calcaneal osteotomy for intractable insertional Achilles tendinopathy associated with Haglund deformity. Foot Ankle Surg 2022; 28:578-583. [PMID: 34176720 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, minimally invasive surgery (MIS) involving calcaneal osteotomy for Haglund deformity associated with intractable insertional Achilles tendinopathy has not been reported. This study presents the radiographic and clinical outcomes of our novel MIS-dorsal closing wedge calcaneal osteotomy (DCWCO) technique compared to open Haglund resection. We hypothesized that earlier clinical improvement after MIS-DCWCO could be achieved by leaving the Achilles tendon insertion site untouched. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed and compared the clinical and radiographic parameters of patients who underwent MIS-DCWCO (11 cases) or open Haglund resection (14 cases) between January 2012 and June 2019. The minimum duration of follow-up for inclusion was 18 months. We measured the calcaneal pitch, Meary's, Fowler-Philip, and Böhler's angles. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A) scores measured preoperatively and at 3, 6, 9, 12, and ≥18 months, postoperatively. RESULTS In both groups, the Meary's and calcaneal pitch angles did not change significantly, whereas the Fowler-Philip and Böhler's angles were significantly changed postoperatively. Significant improvements in VAS and VISA-A scores were observed in both groups (P < 0.001). The extent of correction of the four radiographic and two clinical parameters were not significantly different between the two groups. However, VAS and VISA-A scores at postoperative 6 months were significantly different, whereas these parameters were not significantly different at all other time points. CONCLUSION Both techniques provided similar postoperative clinical and radiographic improvement. However, MIS-DCWCO achieved earlier clinical improvement than open Haglund resection. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, comparative series.
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16
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Shrestha R, Sill AP, Haug LP, Patel KA, Kile TA, Fox MG. Postoperative Ankle Imaging, 2022. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2022; 26:203-215. [PMID: 35654090 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1750841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative ankle imaging requires knowledge of the underlying surgical techniques, the usefulness of various imaging modalities, as well as an appreciation for the desired clinical outcomes. Surgical procedures discussed in this article are tibiotalar fracture fixation, tibiotalar, subtalar, and tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis, total ankle arthroplasty, talar osteochondral lesion repair and grafting, lateral ligamentous repair and reconstruction, and peroneal and Achilles tendon repair and reconstruction. Imaging can play a vital role in determining if the expected outcome has been achieved and identifying complications, with particular emphasis placed on the use of radiographs, computed tomography (including weight-bearing), magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasonography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Shrestha
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Andrew P Sill
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Logan P Haug
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Karan A Patel
- Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Todd A Kile
- Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Michael G Fox
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
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17
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Satisfactory Functional Outcome and Significant Correlation with the Length of Haglund's Deformity after Endoscopic Calcaneoplasty: A Minimum 4-Year Follow-Up Study. Adv Orthop 2022; 2022:7889684. [PMID: 35465128 PMCID: PMC9020964 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7889684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Haglund's syndrome is a posterosuperior calcaneal prominence with posterior heel pain causing functional disability to the patient. Operative treatment is indicated after failure of conservative measures and includes resection of the bony hump along with retrocalcaneal bursectomy. This study aimed to evaluate the functional outcome and degree of patient satisfaction after endoscopic resection of Haglund's deformity with assessment of correlation with the length of bony exostosis. Methods Seventeen patients (21 feet) with a mean age of 44.7 ± 5.1 years were included in this study. Six females and 11 males underwent endoscopic calcaneoplasty. Clinical outcome evaluation included the assessment of the visual analog scale (VAS) and the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society score (AOFAS). The preoperative and postoperative lengths of bony exostosis were measured radiologically. The paired t test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test compared the preoperative and final postoperative means. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The mean follow-up period was 56.4 ± 5.1 months. Statistically significant improvements in the preoperative mean of AOFAS (from 55.7 ± 9.3 to 94.3 ± 7.1) and VAS (from 8.1 ± 1.4 to 0.7 ± 1.04) at the final follow-up were noted (P < 0.0001). There was a statistically significant correlation between clinical scores (AOFAS and VAS) and the final postoperative length of the bone above parallel pitch lines (PPLs). The patients were satisfied and returned to their previous activities without reporting major morbidities except one patient who had mild pain with exertion. Conclusion Endoscopic calcaneoplasty is a safe, less invasive surgical procedure for the management of Haglund's syndrome after failure of conservative treatment. It provided a satisfactory clinical result without serious complications at a minimum 4-year follow-up.
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18
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Cengiz B, Karaoglu S. Clinical results of the Keck and Kelly Wedge Osteotomy approach in Haglund's deformity: Minimum 3-year follow-up. Foot Ankle Surg 2022; 28:269-275. [PMID: 34674937 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The Haglund's deformity, which may be difficult to treat non-surgically, is caused by a prominent bone hump in the posterosuperior region of the calcaneus and may be associated with bursitis and foot pain. Many surgical treatments for resistant Haglund deformities have been described. Here, we evaluate the AOFAS scores, pain and other characteristics of patients undergoing removal of the dorsally based wedge from the posterior calcaneus with the Keck and Kelly procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 20 patients who had undergone the Keck and Kelly procedure at our center, from 2011 to 2019, and had attended follow-up for at least three years. Analyses were performed retrospectively. Preoperative (immediately before surgery) and postoperative (at last assessment) American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) and visual analog pain scale scores (VAS) were determined, and calcaneal inclination angles were radiologically measured. Additionally, calcaneal pitch angle (CPA), Fowler and Philip angle (FPA), and Bohler angle were recorded. RESULTS Fourteen patients were female, and six were male, mean age was 45.8 ± 8.1 years. AOFAS scores were significantly increased, whereas VAS scores were significantly decreased after surgery. Postoperative AOFAS scores were correlated with preoperative VAS, CPA, and FPA values. Preoperative VAS scores were correlated with CPA, FPA, and Bohler angle values. FPA and CPA values were correlated positively. CONCLUSIONS It was found that ankle functions improved, and pain levels decreased after Keck and Kelly Wedge Osteotomy was applied for the treatment of Haglund's deformity. CPA and FPA were associated with both pain levels and ankle function. The Keck and Kelly Wedge Osteotomy procedure appears to be a preferable approach for the surgical treatment of Haglund's deformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertan Cengiz
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Acibadem Kayseri Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Sinan Karaoglu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Acibadem Kayseri Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
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19
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Tourne Y, Baray AL, Barthelemy R, Karhao T, Moroney P. The Zadek calcaneal osteotomy in Haglund's syndrome of the heel: Clinical results and a radiographic analysis to explain its efficacy. Foot Ankle Surg 2022; 28:79-87. [PMID: 33658170 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Local debridement or decompression of the posterior heel in Haglund's syndrome yields variable results. This condition is sometimes due to an excessively long calcaneus rather than simply a large posterosuperior bony prominence. Failure to address this abnormality may explain the poor results in some series. We recently published a new measurement (the X/Y ratio) which, combined with the calcaneal pitch angle, assesses the abnormality of the shape of the calcaneus. The Zadek osteotomy strongly modifies that shape. We retrospectively reviewed 50 patients treated by a Zadek osteotomy at a mean 7 years follow-up using the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score, the VISA-A score and Tegner scale. We measured only the X/Y ratio and the calcaneal inclination angle, as the classically described radiographic measurements in Haglund's syndrome are unreliable. We then assessed the condition of the distal end of the Achilles tendon with an MRI. Our results demonstrate excellent outcomes(40/50, 80%) following Zadek osteotomy and correspond to the change in pre- and post-operative measurements, especially the X/Y ratio. An algorithm using those geometrical measurements of the calcaneus is proposed for decision making in Haglund's syndrome. Level of clinical evidence: Level 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Tourne
- Centre Ostéo-articulaire des Cèdres-Echirolles, France.
| | | | | | | | - Paul Moroney
- Sports Surgery Clinic, Santry, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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20
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Resection of Haglund’s deformity using the arthroscopic method with the three-portal technique. SRP ARK CELOK LEK 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/sarh210703036j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Haglund?s deformity represents a reactive enlargement of the
posterosuperior aspect of the calcaneus and often causes pain that can
significantly disturb everyday activities. If the patient?s condition did
not improve after six months of non-surgical treatment, the surgical
treatment could be taken into consideration. Although Haglund?s deformity is
successfully treated by endoscopic calcaneoplasty with two portal techniques
we decided to apply a slightly newer technique - arthroscopic surgery with
three portal techniques. Case outline. Patient with clinically and
radiographically confirmed Haglund?s deformity was operated on using
arthroscopic calcaneoplasty with three portal techniques. The postoperative
recovery went without complications and full weight-bearing was allowed
after 4 weeks. Completely return to sports activities was allowed after 4
months. Conclusion. Arthroscopic calcaneoplasty with three portal
techniques turned out to be a safe and cost-effective surgical method in the
treatment of Haglund?s deformity. There is still not enough data in the
literature regarding this type of surgical treatment, but the good
postoperative functional results are extremely encouraging since this
surgical technique enables faster recovery and fewer postoperative
complications.
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21
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Laumonerie P, Mattesi L, Patrick C, Tibbo ME, Ancelin D. Endoscopic resection of enthesopathy via a direct midline transtendinous approach with associated reattachment of the Achilles tendon (endo-REDMTART): a cadaveric feasibility study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2021; 32:1237-1245. [PMID: 34417896 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-021-03098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of our study was to determine the feasibility of an all-posterior endoscopic resection of enthesopathy via direct midline transtendinous approach with detachment and reattachment of the Achilles tendon (endo-REDMTART). MATERIALS & METHODS Endo-REDMTART was performed in 10 ankles by two foot and ankle surgeons. Posterolateral and posteromedial portals were utilized. Three accessory, more distal portals were utilized (one posterolateral, one posteromedial, and one midline transtendinous). We measured the quality of the resection of the calcaneal spur and the length of tendon that was able to be reattached to the calcaneus. RESULTS The procedure was successful in all 10 cases. The mean minimum thickness of resected calcaneal spur was 7 mm (5-9 mm) thick, and the mean anteroposterior distance was 23 mm (20-25 mm). In all 10 cases, the maximum distance between the distal Achilles tendon and calcaneus was 1 mm (0-1 mm), with good tendon-bone contact. CONCLUSIONS The data here suggest that endo-REDMTART is feasible. This procedure provides all of the advantages of endoscopic technique without compromising the efficacy of Haglund deformity resection. TRIAL REGISTRATION No Clinical Trials Registration or IRB is required. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Anatomy study; cadaveric dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Laumonerie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hôpital Pellegrin, Place Amélie Raba-léon, 33076, Bordeaux, France.
| | - L Mattesi
- I2R, Institut de Recherche Riquet, 31059, Toulouse, France.,Anatomy Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Chaynes Patrick
- Anatomy Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - M E Tibbo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D Ancelin
- I2R, Institut de Recherche Riquet, 31059, Toulouse, France.,Anatomy Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, 31062, Toulouse, France
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22
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Alessio-Mazzola M, Russo A, Capello AG, Lovisolo S, Repetto I, Formica M, Felli L. Endoscopic calcaneoplasty for the treatment of Haglund's deformity provides better clinical functional outcomes, lower complication rate, and shorter recovery time compared to open procedures: a systematic review. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2021; 29:2462-2484. [PMID: 33216187 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-06362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this research is to report the clinical outcome following surgical correction of Haglund's deformity summarising different surgical strategies and comparing clinical outcomes, failures, complications and return to activities of patients underwent open and endoscopic techniques. METHODS A systematic search of the literature was conducted using eight different databases. Thirty-five studies were included in the systematic review. A total of 1260 ankles of 1147 patients were grouped in accordance with the surgical approach (open, endoscopic, or percutaneous). RESULTS The overall mean age was 44.8 ± 8.2 (range 14.9-82) years with a mean follow-up of 30.9 ± 17.1 (range 3-132) months. Analysis of clinical outcomes of open and endoscopic techniques demonstrated significant differences of AOFAS (87.1 ± 5.9 versus 90.7 ± 4.2 points; P < 0.001), complications (15.5% versus 4.1%; P < 0.001), failures (6.0% versus 1.2%; P < 0.001), time to return to daily activities (17.2 ± 9.3 versus 6.3 ± 1.0 weeks; P < 0.001) and time to return to sport (20.7 ± 3.3 versus 11.9 ± 0.3 weeks; P < 0.001) in the studies that reported these specific outcome measures. CONCLUSION Surgical correction of Haglund's deformity provides overall good clinical results and high subjective satisfaction. Endoscopic procedures demonstrated better final AOFAS, a lower rate of complications and failures, and shorter recovery time when compared to open techniques. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Alessio-Mazzola
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostic (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genova, Italy.
- Orthopaedic Clinic, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy.
| | - Antonio Russo
- Orthopaedic Clinic, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Giorgio Capello
- Orthopaedic Clinic, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Stefano Lovisolo
- Orthopaedic Clinic, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Repetto
- Orthopaedic Clinic, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Matteo Formica
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostic (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genova, Italy
- Orthopaedic Clinic, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Lamberto Felli
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostic (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genova, Italy
- Orthopaedic Clinic, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
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23
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Lee KT, Hyuk J, Kim SJ. Return to Play After Open Calcaneoplasty for Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy With Haglund Deformity in Competitive Professional Athletes. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:23259671211009820. [PMID: 34179205 PMCID: PMC8193669 DOI: 10.1177/23259671211009820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Surgical treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy with Haglund deformity in highly competitive professional athletes has not been previously investigated. Purpose To assess clinical outcomes, including return to play (RTP), after surgical treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy in professional athletes. Study Design Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods This retrospective study included 20 professional athletes who were surgically treated for insertional Achilles tendinopathy and had at least 2 years of follow-up. An open longitudinal lateral approach was used for the operation, without violation of the Achilles tendon. Outcome evaluation included American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot score, subjective patient satisfaction, mean time of return to competition (RTC), and rate of RTP. We defined RTC as return to an official match for at least 1 minute and RTP rate as the percentage of patients who were able to participate in at least 2 full seasons. A subgroup analysis was performed to compare the RTP and no-RTP groups. Results The AOFAS score improved significantly from preoperatively to the final follow-up (from 65.1 to 88.4; P < .001), and 75% of the patients reported good to excellent satisfaction. The mean time of RTC was 7.45 months (range, 4-18 months), and the rate of RTP was 60%. The RTP group had a significantly lower mean body mass index than did the no-RTP group (22.03 vs 23.86, respectively; P = .005) and faster mean RTC (5.0 vs 11.1 months, respectively; P < .001). Conclusion Open calcaneoplasty for surgical treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy with Haglund deformity in highly competitive professional athletes should be approached cautiously. Our patients had a 7.5-month recovery period before return to their first official match, and only 60% of the patients returned to their sports activity and participated in at least 2 full seasons. Lower body mass index and a faster RTC after surgery were related to longer functional maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Tai Lee
- Foot and Ankle Service, KT Lee's Orthopedic Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jegal Hyuk
- Bonebone Orthopedic Surgery Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jae Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Hwaseoung, Republic of Korea
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Grambart ST, Lechner J, Wentz J. Differentiating Achilles Insertional Calcific Tendinosis and Haglund's Deformity. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2021; 38:165-181. [PMID: 33745649 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpm.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Calcification of the posterior portion of the calcaneus has numerous terms that refer to this pathology. Given the number of names, there can be confusion when discussing the different pathologies involving calcification at the insertion of the Achilles tendon at the calcaneus. Two of the diagnosis that can be confused with each other are Haglund's deformity and Achilles insertional calcific tendinosis. This article discusses how these 2 entities are differentiated clinically and how their surgical management is different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Grambart
- Des Moines University, College of Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, 3200 Grand Avenue, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA; Unitypoint Health - Iowa Methodist Medical Center, Des Moines, IA, USA.
| | - Jay Lechner
- Des Moines University, College of Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, 3200 Grand Avenue, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
| | - Jennifer Wentz
- Des Moines University, College of Podiatric Medicine and Surgery, 3200 Grand Avenue, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
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25
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Zhang C, Cao J, Yang L, Duan X. Surgical treatment for insertional Achilles tendinopathy and retrocalcaneal bursitis: more than 1 year of follow-up. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:300060521992959. [PMID: 33682490 PMCID: PMC7944541 DOI: 10.1177/0300060521992959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the imaging changes in bone marrow oedema of the calcaneal prominence, retrocalcaneal bursa and degenerative Achilles tendon after the surgical treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT). METHODS This retrospective study analysed patients with IAT and retrocalcaneal bursitis that were diagnosed based on their symptoms and radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. For patients that had received 3 months of conservative treatment but still presented with symptoms, arthroscopic debridement of the retrocalcaneal bursa and resection of calcaneal prominence were undertaken. Patients with degeneration of the Achilles tendon underwent debridement of Achilles tendon calcification with an open incision. The last follow-up included radiographic and MRI imaging, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scores and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS)-Ankle and Hindfoot scores. RESULTS Thirty patients were included (mean ± SD follow-up, 3.1 ± 0.5 years). The VAS pain and AOFAS-Ankle and Hindfoot scores were significantly improved after surgery. MRI showed that bone marrow oedema of the calcaneal prominence and the retrocalcaneal bursa was significantly reduced compared with preoperative values. There was no significant change in the high signal area of the IAT. CONCLUSION Surgical treatment of IAT and retrocalcaneal bursitis effectively alleviated local pain and restored function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgui Zhang
- Centre for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Cao
- Centre for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Centre for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojun Duan
- Centre for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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26
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High patient satisfaction and good long-term functional outcome after endoscopic calcaneoplasty in patients with retrocalcaneal bursitis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2021; 29:1494-1501. [PMID: 32712686 PMCID: PMC8038992 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-06167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary objective of this study was to determine the degree of patient satisfaction at a minimum of 5 years of follow-up after endoscopic calcaneoplasty. The secondary objectives were to assess functional outcome measures, pain scores, analysis of bone removal, reformation of exostosis at follow-up and correlation of the size of the exostosis and recurrent or persisting complaints. METHODS This study evaluated patients who underwent endoscopic calcaneoplasty, between January 1st 2000 and December 31st 2010, for the diagnosis of retrocalcaneal bursitis. The evaluation consisted of PROMs (patient-reported outcome measures), a questionnaire and a visit to the outpatient clinic for physical examination and a standard lateral weight-bearing radiograph of the ankle. Patient satisfaction, functional outcomes and pain scores were measured by use of a numeric rating scale (NRS). Size of the posterosuperior calcaneal exostosis was measured on a standard lateral weight-bearing radiograph using parallel pitch lines (PPL) and the Fowler-Philip angle (PFA). RESULTS The response rate was 28 out of 55 (51%) and the median time to follow-up was 101(IQR 88.5-131.8) months. The median satisfaction score for treatment results was 8.5 out of 10 (IQR 6-10). FAOS symptoms 84.5 (IQR 58.0-96.4), FAOS pain 90.3 (IQR 45.1-100.0), FAOS ADL 94.9 (IQR 58.1-100.0), FAOS sport 90.0 (IQR 36.3-100.0) and FAOS QOL 71.9 (IQR 37.5-93.8) and median AOFAS was 100 (IQR 89-100). The median PLL difference between before operation and 2 weeks after the operation was - 4 mm (IQR-6 and -1) and the median PLL difference between 2 weeks after the operation and at follow-up was 1 mm (0-2). The median PFA was 65 (63-69) at baseline, 66.5 (60.8-70.3) 2 weeks after the operation and 64 (60.8-65.3) at follow-up. CONCLUSION Despite the limited response rate, this study shows high patient satisfaction and good long-term functional outcome in patients affected by retrocalcaneal bursitis who underwent endoscopic calcaneoplasty. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
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Functional follow-up after endoscopic calcaneoplasty for Haglund's deformity using the biodex isokinetic muscle testing system: A case series. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:2805-2811. [PMID: 32765775 PMCID: PMC7401933 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Isokinetic muscle strength test implemented by the Biodex system is a method used for evaluating muscle function that has been applied clinically in the field of sports and rehabilitation medicine. However, information on its application on Haglund's deformity remain insufficient. Therefore, the present study examined the effectiveness of the muscle strength test using the Biodex system in evaluating the recovery of athletic capacity in patients with Haglund's deformity following endoscopic surgery. In total, 34 patients treated by the authors from June 2012 to November 2018 at Peking University Third Hospital (Beijing, China) were included. To compare muscle strength before surgery, then 3 and 6 months after surgery, using the uninjured side as the control, the Biodex system test was conducted in parallel to the collection of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Score values and visual analog scale scores. The Biodex system test results showed that Haglund's deformity mainly hinders plantar flexion strength. Patients recovered daily living capacity within 3 months and athletic capacity within 6 months following surgery, which matched the AOFAS values, VAS scores and the self-assessments of the patients. These findings suggest that the Biodex system can dynamically reflect the degree of postoperative recovery in Haglund's deformity.
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Cusumano A, Martinelli N, Bianchi A, Bertelli A, Marangon A, Sansone V. Transtendinous approach calcaneoplasty versus endoscopic calcaneoplasty for Haglund's disease. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2020; 45:225-231. [PMID: 32767086 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-020-04761-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we performed a comparison between open calcaneoplasty through transtendinous approach and endoscopic calcaneoplasty for Haglund's disease. METHODS A retrospective review was performed of patients who had undergone either a calcaneoplasty with transtendinous approach or endoscopic for Haglund's disease from three centres. Inclusion criteria were patients with Haglund's disease confirmed radiographically, neutral alignment of the hindfoot and at least one year of follow-up. Patients were excluded in case of ipsilateral ankle osteoarthritis or other neighbouring joints, previous foot surgery, hindfoot malalignment and marked calcific insertional Achilles tendinosis. A chart review was performed to collect demographic data, including age, sex and body mass index (BMI). Functional outcome analysis included the Foot Function Index, AOFAS score and VAS for pain pre-operatively and post-operatively at the last follow-up. This patient-reported outcome scores were used in the native language of each patient (Italian). RESULTS Clinical and functional outcomes were collected from 54 patients (28 heels treated by open technique and 26 heels treated by endoscopic technique). In the open group, the AOFAS score improved from a pre-operative value of 65.67 ± 10.09 points to a value of 91.78 ± 9.67 points at the last follow-up (P < 0.05). In the endoscopic group, the AOFAS score improved from a pre-operative value of 66.69 ± 7.19 points to a value of 93.69 points ± 10.04 at the last follow-up (P < 0.05). The VAS and the FFI (Disability and Pain) scores were also improved significantly in both groups at the final follow-up evaluation (P < 0.001). Comparing the final follow-up post-operative clinical scores between the two groups, there was no difference in the AOFAS, VAS or the FFI scores between the two groups. No major complications were recorded, except for one Achilles tendon tear after open calcaneoplasty. The satisfaction rate was similar for both techniques. CONCLUSIONS Both techniques provided good clinical outcomes with a low rate of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cusumano
- Department of Orthopedics, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20100, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolò Martinelli
- Department of Orthopedics, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20100, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alberto Bianchi
- Department of Orthopedics, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20100, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Valerio Sansone
- Department of Orthopedics, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20100, Milan, Italy
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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王 杰, 曾 宪, 马 信. [Advance of diagnosis and treatment of Haglund syndrome]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2020; 34:518-523. [PMID: 32291992 PMCID: PMC8171501 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201907130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the current research on the diagnosis and treatment of Haglund syndrome. METHODS The domestic and foreign literature about Haglund syndrome in recent years was extensively reviewed to summarize and analyze the etiology, anatomy, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of Haglund syndrome. RESULTS The etiology of Haglund syndrome is not very clear, and it may be related to local friction and high gastrocnemius muscle tension, and there may be a certain genetic tendency. The local anatomy is more complex and there are many adjacent tissue structures. Haglund malformation may cause the impingement of the posterior heel bursa and Achilles tendon insertion, lead to wear of the posterior heel bursa and the Achilles tendon insertion, and finally result in pain. The FPA (Fowler-Philipp angle), CPA (calcaneal pith angle), PPL (parallel pitch lines), CLA (Chauveaux-Liet angle), and X/Y ratios (ratio of total calcaneal length to calcaneal tuberosity length) measured on X-ray film can be used for the diagnostic measurement of Haglund malformation. Treatment includes conservative and surgical treatment (open Haglund ostectomy, dorsal closed wedge osteotomy of the calcaneus, and arthroscopic Haglund osteotomy). CONCLUSION Both open and arthroscopic Haglund ostectomy and dorsal closed wedge osteotomy of the calcaneus can achieve satisfactory results, but minimally invasive treatment is the current development trend. Surgeons should pay attention to the management of the calcification of Achilles tendon insertion and reconstruction of Achilles tendon insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- 杰 王
- 天津市天津医院骨科（天津 300211）Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, P.R.China
| | - 宪铁 曾
- 天津市天津医院骨科（天津 300211）Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, P.R.China
| | - 信龙 马
- 天津市天津医院骨科（天津 300211）Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, P.R.China
- 天津医科大学总医院骨科（天津 300052）Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, P.R.China
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Michalski MP, Gonzalez TA, Metzger MF, Nelson TJ, Eberlein S, Pfeffer GB. Biomechanical Comparison of Achilles Tendon Pullout Strength Following Midline Tendon-Splitting and Endoscopic Approaches for Calcaneoplasty. Foot Ankle Int 2019; 40:1219-1225. [PMID: 31203670 DOI: 10.1177/1071100719856939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcaneoplasty is a common procedure performed for the management of Haglund's syndrome when nonoperative management fails. Midline tendon-splitting and endoscopy are 2 common approaches to calcaneoplasty. Studies have suggested that an endoscopic approach may allow earlier return to activity and superior outcomes, but there are no biomechanical or clinical studies to validate these claims. The goal of this study was to quantify and compare Achilles tendon pullout strength following midline tendon-splitting and endoscopic calcaneoplasty in cadaveric specimens. METHODS Twelve match-paired cadaveric specimens were randomly divided into 2 groups: endoscopic and midline tendon-split. Following calcaneoplasty, fluoroscopy was used to match bone resection and the Achilles was loaded to failure in a mechanical testing system. A paired-samples t test was conducted to compare bone resection height, bone resection angle, load to failure, and mode of failure. RESULTS The endoscopic approach yielded a 204% greater postsurgical pullout strength for the Achilles tendon than the midline tendon-split (1368 ± 370 N vs 450 ± 192 N, respectively) (P < .05). There were no differences in resection angle or resection height. All specimens failed due to bone or tendon avulsion. CONCLUSION Endoscopic calcaneoplasty had more than 3 times greater pullout strength than the midline tendon-splitting approach. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This may allow earlier return to functional rehabilitation following endoscopic calcaneoplasty, but further studies are needed to determine if these differences are clinically significant. Further understanding of the time-zero biomechanics following calcaneoplasty may provide guidance regarding postoperative management with respect to surgical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max P Michalski
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Orthopaedic Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tyler A Gonzalez
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Orthopaedic Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Trevor J Nelson
- The Metzger Biomechanics Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Eberlein
- The Metzger Biomechanics Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Glenn B Pfeffer
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Orthopaedic Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Abstract
Haglund syndrome is a triad of posterosuperior calcaneal prominence (Haglund deformity), retrocalcaneal bursitis, and insertional Achilles tendinopathy. The sources of pain include the posterior calcaneal wall cartilage, retrocalcaneal and subcutaneous adventitial bursa, and the Achilles tendon. Resection of the posterosuperior calcaneal tubercle, bursectomy, excision of the Achilles tendon pathology, reattachment of the Achilles tendon, gastrocnemius aponeurotic recession, and flexor hallucis longus transfer have been proposed as surgical treatment options. All of them can be performed endoscopically or under minimally invasive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tun Hing Lui
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, North District Hospital, 9 Po Kin Road, Sheung Shui, NT, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
| | - Cho Yau Lo
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, North District Hospital, 9 Po Kin Road, Sheung Shui, NT, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yuk Chuen Siu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, North District Hospital, 9 Po Kin Road, Sheung Shui, NT, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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Baumbach SF, Braunstein M, Mack MG, Maßen F, Böcker W, Polzer S, Polzer H. [Insertional Achilles tendinopathy : Differentiated diagnostics and therapy]. Unfallchirurg 2019; 120:1044-1053. [PMID: 28980027 DOI: 10.1007/s00113-017-0415-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Achilles tendinopathy at the calcaneal insertion is classified into insertional tendinopathy, retrocalcaneal and superficial bursitis. The aim of this study was to present the current evidence on conservative and surgical treatment of insertional tendinopathy of the Achilles tendon. Conservative first-line therapy includes reduction of activity levels, administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), adaptation of footwear, heel wedges and orthoses or immobilization. In addition, further conservative therapy options are also available. Eccentric stretching exercises should be integral components of physiotherapy and can achieve a 40% reduction in pain. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy has been shown to reduce pain by 60% with a patient satisfaction of 80%. Due to the limited evidence, injections with platelet-rich plasma (PRP), dextrose (prolotherapy) or polidocanol (sclerotherapy) cannot currently be recommended. Operative therapy is indicated after 6 months of unsuccessful conservative therapy. Open debridement allows all pathologies to be addressed, including osseous abnormalities and intratendinous necrosis. The success rate of over 70% is contrasted by complication rates of up to 40%. The Achilles tendon should be reattached, if detached by >50%. No valid data are available for the transfer of the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) muscle but it is frequently applied in cases of more than 50% debridement of the diameter of the Achilles tendon. Lengthening of the gastrocnemius muscle cannot be recommended because insufficient data are available. Tendoscopy is a promising treatment option for isolated retrocalcaneal bursitis and has shown similar success rates to open debridement with significantly lower complication rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Baumbach
- Klinik für Allgemeine, Unfall‑, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Nußbaumstr. 20, 80336, München, Deutschland
| | - M Braunstein
- Klinik für Allgemeine, Unfall‑, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Nußbaumstr. 20, 80336, München, Deutschland
| | - M G Mack
- Radiologie München, München, Deutschland
| | - F Maßen
- Klinik für Allgemeine, Unfall‑, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Nußbaumstr. 20, 80336, München, Deutschland
| | - W Böcker
- Klinik für Allgemeine, Unfall‑, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Nußbaumstr. 20, 80336, München, Deutschland
| | - S Polzer
- Praxis für Hand‑, Ellenbogen- und Fußchirurgie, ATOS-Klinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - H Polzer
- Klinik für Allgemeine, Unfall‑, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Nußbaumstr. 20, 80336, München, Deutschland.
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Retrouvey H, Silvanathan J, Bleakney RR, Anastakis DJ. A Case of Posterior Tibial Nerve Injury After Arthroscopic Calcaneoplasty. J Foot Ankle Surg 2018; 57:587-592. [PMID: 29307741 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the first case of distal posterior tibial nerve injury after arthroscopic calcaneoplasty. A 59-year-old male had undergone right arthroscopic calcaneoplasty to treat retrocalcaneal bursitis secondary to a Haglund's deformity. The patient complained of numbness in his right foot immediately after the procedure. Two years later and after numerous assessments and investigations, a lateral plantar nerve and medial calcaneal nerve lesion was diagnosed. In the operating room, the presence of an iatrogenic lesion to the distal right lateral plantar nerve (neuroma incontinuity involving 20% of the nerve) and the medial calcaneal nerve (complete avulsion) was confirmed. The tarsal tunnel was decompressed, and both the medial and the lateral plantar nerve were neurolyzed under magnification. To the best of our knowledge, our case report is the first to describe iatrogenic posterior tibial nerve injury after arthroscopic calcaneoplasty. It is significant because this complication can hopefully be avoided in the future with careful planning and creation of arthroscopic ports and treated appropriately with early referral to a nerve specialist if the patient's symptoms do not improve within 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Retrouvey
- Resident Physician, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Jeremy Silvanathan
- Consultant Hand and Microsurgeon Fellowship in Hand Surgery, Hand and Upper Limb Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Robert R Bleakney
- Assistant Professor, Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital and the University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dimitri J Anastakis
- Professor, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Myerson CL, Shimozono Y, Kennedy JG. Haglund’s Deformity and Chronic Achilles Tendonitis. OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES IN ORTHOPAEDICS 2018; 28:104-109. [DOI: 10.1053/j.oto.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2025]
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Vega J, Baduell A, Malagelada F, Allmendinger J, Dalmau-Pastor M. Endoscopic Achilles Tendon Augmentation With Suture Anchors After Calcaneal Exostectomy in Haglund Syndrome. Foot Ankle Int 2018. [PMID: 29519149 DOI: 10.1177/1071100717750888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haglund syndrome is a common cause of heel pain. Risk for tendon detachment after calcaneoplasty can exist. Open Achilles tendon detachment, calcaneoplasty, bursectomy, pathologic tendon-tissue debridement, and tendon reattachment of the Achilles tendon is a common surgical management of Haglund syndrome combined with insertional Achilles tendinopathy. The aim of this study was to describe the endoscopic calcaneoplasty and anchor suture augmentation of the Achilles insertional area, and the results obtained in patients with an increased risk of Achilles tendon rupture after calcaneoplasty. METHODS Between 2012 and 2015, endoscopic calcaneal ostectomy and suture anchor augmentation was performed in 12 patients. Mean age was 44.8 years (range, 35-52 years), and mean follow-up was of 33.5 months (range, 21-46 months). RESULTS The mean AOFAS score increased from 70 preoperatively (range, 55-85) to 92 (range, 63-100) at final follow-up. The mean VISA-A questionnaire increased from 34 preoperatively (range, 15-63) to 92 (range, 30-100) at follow-up. No major complications were reported. All patients returned to their daily activities without limitations, but 2 described complaints with sports activity. CONCLUSION Endoscopic calcaneoplasty and tendon augmentation with suture anchor for the treatment of Haglund syndrome was a reproducible and safe technique that offered the advantages of the endoscopic technique. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, retrospective case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Vega
- 1 Foot and Ankle Unit, Hospital Quirón Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,2 Laboratory of Arthroscopic and Surgical Anatomy, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics Human Anatomy Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Baduell
- 1 Foot and Ankle Unit, Hospital Quirón Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,3 Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Hospital of Figueres, Figueres, Girona, Spain
| | - Francesc Malagelada
- 4 Foot and Ankle Unit, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Miki Dalmau-Pastor
- 2 Laboratory of Arthroscopic and Surgical Anatomy, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics Human Anatomy Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,6 Faculty of Health Sciences at Manresa, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Manresa, Barcelona, Spain
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Stiglitz Y, Cazeau C. Minimally invasive surgery and percutaneous surgery of the hindfoot and midfoot. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2018; 28:839-847. [DOI: 10.1007/s00590-018-2179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
Endoscopically assisted procedures have been established to provide the surgeon with minimally invasive techniques to address common Achilles conditions. Modifications to some of these techniques as well as improvements in instrumentation have allowed these procedures to provide similar clinical results to the traditional open surgeries while reducing wound complications and accelerating patient's recoveries. The available literature on these techniques reports consistently good outcomes with few complications, making them appealing for surgeons to adopt.
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39
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Chimenti RL, Cychosz CC, Hall MM, Phisitkul P. Current Concepts Review Update: Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy. Foot Ankle Int 2017; 38:1160-1169. [PMID: 28789557 PMCID: PMC5956523 DOI: 10.1177/1071100717723127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth L. Chimenti
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Chris C. Cychosz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mederic M. Hall
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA,Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Phinit Phisitkul
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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LiMarzi GM, Scherer KF, Richardson ML, Warden DR, Wasyliw CW, Porrino JA, Pettis CR, Lewis G, Mason CC, Bancroft LW. CT and MR Imaging of the Postoperative Ankle and Foot. Radiographics 2017; 36:1828-1848. [PMID: 27726748 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2016160016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A variety of surgical procedures exist for repair of both traumatic and degenerative osseous and soft-tissue pathologic conditions involving the foot and ankle. It is necessary for the radiologist to be familiar with these surgical procedures, so as to assess structural integrity, evaluate for complicating features, and avoid diagnostic pitfalls. Adequate interpretation of postoperative changes often requires access to surgical documentation to evaluate not only the surgery itself but the expected timeline for resolution of normal postoperative changes versus progressive disease. Appropriate use of surgical language in radiology reports is another important skill set to hone and is instrumental in providing a high-quality report to the referring surgeons. The pathophysiology of a myriad of surgical complaints, beginning from the Achilles tendon and concluding at the plantar plate, are presented, as are their common appearances at computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Commonly encountered entities include Achilles tendon tear, spastic equinus, nonspastic equinus, talar dome osteochondral defect, tarsal tunnel syndrome, plantar fasciitis, pes planovalgus, pes cavovarus, peroneal tendinosis, lateral ligament complex pathology, Morton neuroma, plantar plate tear, and metatarsophalangeal joint instability. Computer-generated three-dimensional models are included with many of the procedures to provide a more global view of the surgical anatomy. Correlation with intraoperative photographs is made when available. When appropriate, discussion of postoperative complications, including entities such as infection and failure of graft integration, is presented, although a comprehensive review of postoperative complications is beyond the scope of this article. Notably absent from the current review are some common foot and ankle procedures including hallux valgus and hammertoe corrections, as these are more often evaluated radiographically than with cross-sectional imaging. ©RSNA, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary M LiMarzi
- From the Department of Radiology, Florida Hospital, 601 E Rollins St, Orlando, FL 32803 (G.M.L., K.F.S., D.R.W., C.W.W., C.R.P., L.W.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (M.L.R., J.A.P.); Department of Podiatry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (G.L.); and Department of Podiatry, Florida Foot and Ankle Specialist, Lake Mary, Fla (C.C.M.)
| | - Kurt F Scherer
- From the Department of Radiology, Florida Hospital, 601 E Rollins St, Orlando, FL 32803 (G.M.L., K.F.S., D.R.W., C.W.W., C.R.P., L.W.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (M.L.R., J.A.P.); Department of Podiatry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (G.L.); and Department of Podiatry, Florida Foot and Ankle Specialist, Lake Mary, Fla (C.C.M.)
| | - Michael L Richardson
- From the Department of Radiology, Florida Hospital, 601 E Rollins St, Orlando, FL 32803 (G.M.L., K.F.S., D.R.W., C.W.W., C.R.P., L.W.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (M.L.R., J.A.P.); Department of Podiatry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (G.L.); and Department of Podiatry, Florida Foot and Ankle Specialist, Lake Mary, Fla (C.C.M.)
| | - David R Warden
- From the Department of Radiology, Florida Hospital, 601 E Rollins St, Orlando, FL 32803 (G.M.L., K.F.S., D.R.W., C.W.W., C.R.P., L.W.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (M.L.R., J.A.P.); Department of Podiatry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (G.L.); and Department of Podiatry, Florida Foot and Ankle Specialist, Lake Mary, Fla (C.C.M.)
| | - Christopher W Wasyliw
- From the Department of Radiology, Florida Hospital, 601 E Rollins St, Orlando, FL 32803 (G.M.L., K.F.S., D.R.W., C.W.W., C.R.P., L.W.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (M.L.R., J.A.P.); Department of Podiatry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (G.L.); and Department of Podiatry, Florida Foot and Ankle Specialist, Lake Mary, Fla (C.C.M.)
| | - Jack A Porrino
- From the Department of Radiology, Florida Hospital, 601 E Rollins St, Orlando, FL 32803 (G.M.L., K.F.S., D.R.W., C.W.W., C.R.P., L.W.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (M.L.R., J.A.P.); Department of Podiatry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (G.L.); and Department of Podiatry, Florida Foot and Ankle Specialist, Lake Mary, Fla (C.C.M.)
| | - Christopher R Pettis
- From the Department of Radiology, Florida Hospital, 601 E Rollins St, Orlando, FL 32803 (G.M.L., K.F.S., D.R.W., C.W.W., C.R.P., L.W.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (M.L.R., J.A.P.); Department of Podiatry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (G.L.); and Department of Podiatry, Florida Foot and Ankle Specialist, Lake Mary, Fla (C.C.M.)
| | - Gideon Lewis
- From the Department of Radiology, Florida Hospital, 601 E Rollins St, Orlando, FL 32803 (G.M.L., K.F.S., D.R.W., C.W.W., C.R.P., L.W.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (M.L.R., J.A.P.); Department of Podiatry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (G.L.); and Department of Podiatry, Florida Foot and Ankle Specialist, Lake Mary, Fla (C.C.M.)
| | - Christopher C Mason
- From the Department of Radiology, Florida Hospital, 601 E Rollins St, Orlando, FL 32803 (G.M.L., K.F.S., D.R.W., C.W.W., C.R.P., L.W.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (M.L.R., J.A.P.); Department of Podiatry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (G.L.); and Department of Podiatry, Florida Foot and Ankle Specialist, Lake Mary, Fla (C.C.M.)
| | - Laura W Bancroft
- From the Department of Radiology, Florida Hospital, 601 E Rollins St, Orlando, FL 32803 (G.M.L., K.F.S., D.R.W., C.W.W., C.R.P., L.W.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (M.L.R., J.A.P.); Department of Podiatry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (G.L.); and Department of Podiatry, Florida Foot and Ankle Specialist, Lake Mary, Fla (C.C.M.)
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Georgiannos D, Lampridis V, Vasiliadis A, Bisbinas I. Treatment of Insertional Achilles Pathology With Dorsal Wedge Calcaneal Osteotomy in Athletes. Foot Ankle Int 2017; 38:381-387. [PMID: 27920330 DOI: 10.1177/1071100716681139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insertional Achilles tendinopathy and retrocalcaneal bursitis is difficult to treat, and several operative techniques have been used after failure of conservative management. Dorsal wedge calcaneal osteotomy has been described for the treatment of insertional Achilles pathology. It was hypothesized that dorsal wedge calcaneal osteotomy would be an effective and safe method for the treatment of athletes with insertional Achilles pathology unrelieved by nonoperative measures. METHODS Fifty-two athletes (64 feet) who had painful Achilles tendon syndrome unrelieved by 6 months of nonoperative measures were treated surgically. Dorsally based wedge calcaneal osteotomy was performed through a lateral approach, and 2 staples were used for fixation. Patients were scored pre- and postoperatively with the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot and Victorian Institute of Sports of Australia-Achilles (VISA-A) scores. RESULTS At a minimum follow-up of 3 years, the patients' AOFAS and VISA-A scores improved from 59.5 ± 15.0 and 65.9 ± 11.1 preoperatively to 95.7 ± 6.2 and 90.2 ± 8.4 postoperatively, respectively. Clinical results were considered excellent in 38 patients, good in 12 patients, and fair in 2 patients. Return to previous sports activity time was 21 (SD, 8.0) weeks. One patient necessitated a revision operation. CONCLUSION Operative treatment of insertional Achilles pathology in athletes with dorsal closing wedge calcaneal osteotomy was a safe and effective method that allowed for a quicker return to previous level of sports activities compared with other techniques. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, retrospective case series.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasilis Lampridis
- 1 1st Orthopaedic Department, 424 Military General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Hellas
| | - Angelos Vasiliadis
- 2 Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, General Hospital of Grevena, Hellas
| | - Ilias Bisbinas
- 1 1st Orthopaedic Department, 424 Military General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Hellas
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The Double-Row Suture Technique: A Better Option for the Treatment of Haglund Syndrome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1895948. [PMID: 28078282 PMCID: PMC5203889 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1895948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether double-row suture technique is a better option for the treatment of Haglund syndrome than single-row suture technique regarding the surgical outcomes. Methods. Thirty-two patients with Haglund syndrome were recruited in this study. Patients were divided into Group 1 (treated with single-row suture technique) and Group 2 (treated with double-row suture technique). There were 16 patients in each group. The AOFAS-ankle-hindfoot scale, VISA-A scores, and Arner-Lindholm standard were used to assess the clinical outcomes. The pre- and postoperative X-rays were used to assess the radiological outcome. Results. Both AOFAS-ankle-hindfoot scale score and VISA-A score had varying degrees of improvement in both groups. In latest follow-up assessment, the Arner-Lindholm standard investigation showed there were 7 excellent, 7 good, and 2 bad outcomes in Group 1 and 12 excellent and 4 good outcomes in Group 2. In Group 2 patients, there were no more posterosuperior bony prominence of the calcaneum in post-op X-rays and there were no recurrent cases. The ankle-related scale score was statistically significantly higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 (P = 0.029). Conclusion. The double-row suture technique seems to be a better option to treat Haglund syndrome than single-row suture technique.
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Shah MTBM, Wong BSS. Clinics in diagnostic imaging (170). Singapore Med J 2016; 57:517-22. [PMID: 27663032 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2016155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A 30-year-old woman presented with a six-month history of left posterior heel pain. Physical examination revealed a tender, inflamed and indurated posterior heel with a visible bony prominence of the posterosuperior aspect of the calcaneus. Lateral ankle radiography showed a prominent left posterosuperior calcaneal tuberosity and thickening of the distal Achilles tendon outline. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated high-signal inflammatory fluid in the retrocalcaneal bursa, increased signal intensity and thickening of the Achilles tendon, and prominence of the posterior calcaneus tuberosity with reactive marrow oedema. The findings are consistent with Haglund's deformity. The patient underwent hind foot surgery after failing a six-month course of conservative therapy. There was no further recurrence of symptoms after surgery. The clinical and radiological features of Haglund's deformity are described, including a short discussion of other causes of hind foot pain.
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A Proposed Staging Classification for Minimally Invasive Management of Haglund's Syndrome with Percutaneous and Endoscopic Surgery. Foot Ankle Clin 2016; 21:641-64. [PMID: 27524710 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcl.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Haglund's syndrome encompasses several different pathologies, including Haglund's deformity, insertional Achilles tendonopathy, retrocalcaneal bursitis, and superficial bursitis. Traditionally treated with open surgery, there is increasing interest in a more minimally invasive approach to this difficult region to reduce complications and improve the rate and ease of recovery. We review the evidence available for 2 of these techniques: the endoscopic calcaneoplasty and percutaneous Zadek's calcaneal osteotomy (also known as Keck and Kelly's osteotomy). The senior author's classification for management of the condition is presented as well as describing his operative technique for these procedures.
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Evidence-based indications for hindfoot endoscopy. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2016; 24:1386-95. [PMID: 26744282 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-015-3965-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The 2-portal hindfoot endoscopic technique with the patient in prone position, first introduced by van Dijk et al. (Arthroscopy 16:871-876, 2000), is currently the most used by foot and ankle surgeons to address endoscopically pathologies located in the hindfoot. This article aims to review the literature to provide a comprehensive description of the level of evidence available to support the use of the 2-portal hindfoot endoscopy technique for the current generally accepted indications. METHODS A comprehensive review was performed by use of the PubMed database to isolate literature that described therapeutic studies investigating the results of different hindfoot endoscopy treatment techniques. All articles were reviewed and assigned a classification (I-V) of level of evidence. An analysis of the literature reviewed was used to assign a grade of recommendation for each current generally accepted indication for hindfoot endoscopy. A subscale was used to further describe the evidence base for indications receiving a grade of recommendation indicating poor-quality evidence. RESULTS On the basis on the available evidence, posterior ankle impingement syndrome, subtalar arthritis and retrocalcaneal bursitis have the strongest recommendation in favour of treatment (grade Cf). CONCLUSION Although a low level of evidence of the included studies, the review showed that adequate literature to support the use of the 2-portal endoscopic techniques for most currently accepted indications exists. Future "higher quality" evidence could strengthen current recommendations and further help surgeons in evidence-based practice. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, Review of Level III, IV and V studies.
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Wiegerinck JI, Zwiers R, van Sterkenburg MN, Maas MM, van Dijk CN. The appearance of the pre-Achilles fat pad after endoscopic calcaneoplasty. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2015; 23:2400-2405. [PMID: 24584645 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-014-2908-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate whether the imaging features of the retrocalcaneal recess normalize on a conventional radiograph after surgery for retrocalcaneal bursitis and evaluate whether it can be reused if complaints reoccur. METHODS Patients who underwent an endoscopic calcaneoplasty at least 2 years before were eligible for inclusion. A lateral conventional radiograph of the surgically treated hindfoot was made to assess the retrocalcaneal recess and pre-Achilles fat pad; images were analysed, clinical complaints were registered and evaluated. Radiographs were evaluated by two experienced observers (one orthopaedic surgeon one musculoskeletal specialized radiologist), these scored the images either as "normal" (no obliteration of retrocalcaneal recess and pre-Achilles fat) or as "abnormal". RESULTS Thirty patients (34 heels: 28 asymptomatic and 6 recurrent complaints) were included in this study. Observer one rated 12 images as "normal" (2 symptomatic heels and 10 asymptomatic), 22 "abnormal". Observer two rated 9 "normal" (1 symptomatic heels and 8 asymptomatic), 25 "abnormal". No correlation between the radiographic appearance and complaints (n.s.) was found. Cohen's kappa for interobserver agreement was low (0.11 n.s.). CONCLUSION The appearance of the retrocalcaneal recess on a lateral radiograph cannot be used as a reliable diagnostic criterion for retrocalcaneal bursitis in patients who previously underwent endoscopic calcaneoplasty. This study clinical relevance is based upon the conclusion that a lateral radiograph cannot be used after endoscopic calcaneoplasty, whereas previous work reported the diagnostic value of a lateral radiograph for retrocalcaneal bursitis prior to surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes I Wiegerinck
- Department of General Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Oosterpark 9, 1091 AC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ruben Zwiers
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maayke N van Sterkenburg
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mario M Maas
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Niek van Dijk
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Endoscopic surgery provides a minimally invasive approach to visualize and treat several pathologic conditions of the Achilles tendon. Open surgery on the Achilles tendon is notorious for wound complications, whereas endoscopic procedures have been recognized for less scaring, less perioperative pain, fewer wound complications, and faster recovery. This article reviews various endoscopic techniques for the treatment of equinus contracture, Achilles rupture, Haglund's deformity, and noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Carreira
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Broward Health, NOVA Southeastern University, 300 Southeast 17th Street, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33316, USA.
| | - Alicia Ballard
- Orthopedic Department, Broward Health, 1600 South Andrews Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33316, USA
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Cox JT, Shorten PL, Gould GC, Markert RJ, Barnett MD, Laughlin RT. Knotted versus knotless suture bridge repair of the achilles tendon insertion: a biomechanical study. Am J Sports Med 2014; 42:2727-33. [PMID: 25225681 DOI: 10.1177/0363546514549004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy often involves detachment and debridement of the Achilles tendon insertion. A recent study has shown that knotted suture bridge fixation of the Achilles to the calcaneus is biomechanically superior to single-row fixation, but there is an absence of literature on the use of different suture bridge constructs to repair the Achilles tendon. HYPOTHESIS There will be no significant difference in the load to failure, mode of failure, tendon strain, tendon stiffness, repair site gapping, or footprint size when comparing knotted suture bridge repair to knotless suture bridge repair of the Achilles tendon after detachment for insertional Achilles tendinopathy. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS A single specimen from each pair of 10 cadaveric Achilles tendons was randomized to 1 of 2 Achilles insertion repair groups: knotted (n = 10) or knotless (n = 10) suture bridge repair. Repaired footprint size was measured, and then cyclic testing from 10 to 100 N for 2000 cycles was performed. This was followed by measurement of tendon strain, repair site displacement, load to failure, and tendon stiffness. RESULTS The knotted suture bridge repair had a significantly higher load to failure compared with the knotless suture bridge (mean ± SD, 317.8 ± 93.6 N vs 196.1 ± 12.1 N, respectively; P = .001). All constructs failed at the tendon-suture interface. Tendon strain after cyclic testing was significantly greater in the knotless (1.20 ± 1.05) compared with the knotted (0.39 ± 0.4) suture repair groups (P = .011). There was no significant difference in footprint size between the knotted (230.3 ± 63.3 mm(2)) and knotless (248.5 ± 48.8 mm(2)) groups (P = .40). There was also no significant difference in stiffness (knotted = 76.4 ± 8.0 N/mm; knotless = 69.6 ± 10.9 N/mm; P = .17) and repair site displacement after cyclic testing (knotted = 2.8 ± 1.2 mm; knotless = 3.6 ± 1.1 mm; P = .17). CONCLUSION During suture bridge repair of the Achilles tendon after detachment, knots at the proximal suture anchors significantly improve the biomechanical strength of the repair. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study demonstrated that the knotless suture bridge repair had a significantly lower load to failure than the knotted suture bridge. Surgeons should be aware of these biomechanical differences, as they influence the postoperative rehabilitation protocol and may lead to higher surgical complication rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Cox
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter L Shorten
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Gregory C Gould
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Ronald J Markert
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael D Barnett
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard T Laughlin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
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Ultrasound-assisted calcaneoplasty. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2014; 22:2250-3. [PMID: 24067993 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-013-2692-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The endoscopic technique for resection of a postero-superior part of calcaneus served as a golden standard during the last 10 years, and it has mostly replaced the open techniques. In an effort to reduce the morbidity and the recovery time, we had introduced the ultrasound-assisted technique. METHODS In the period of 1 year, 15 patients with the prominent postero-superior part of calcaneus and retrocalcaneal bursitis were operated through the single skin incision using the ultrasound-assisted technique. The prominent part of calcaneus was resected with a bone abrader under the ultrasound control to the point when there was no impingement between Achilles tendon and calcaneus in maximal dorsal flexion. The patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively with the AOFAS score and Ogilvie-Harris score. The strength test of the muscle triceps surae, as well as the proprioceptive test, was also undertaken. RESULTS Initially, the follow-up was meant to last 6 months, but there were no differences in results between 6 weeks and 3 months postoperatively, so it was concluded that the 3-month follow-up is sufficient and relevant. All 15 patients were available for follow-up. All measured variables significantly improved (AOFAS, Ogilvie-Harris), and all the patients were satisfied with the postoperative result. Only one minor complication occurred: superficial infection. CONCLUSION The ultrasound-assisted calcaneoplasty enables a precise resection of the postero-superior part of calcaneus and removal of the retrocalcaneal impingement. This method could become clinically relevant as it enables effective treatment of Haglund deformity, and results of this study presented rapid functional recovery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Case series with no comparison group, Level IV.
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Lohrer H, Nauck T. Retrocalcaneal bursitis but not Achilles tendinopathy is characterized by increased pressure in the retrocalcaneal bursa. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2014; 29:283-8. [PMID: 24370462 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We questioned whether different forms of Achilles tendon overuse injuries can be differentiated by retrocalcaneal bursa pressure measurement. METHODS Retrocalcaneal bursa pressure was determined by using invasive pressure measurement in patients suffering from retrocalcaneal bursitis (n=13) or Achilles tendinopathy (n=15), respectively. Standardized measurements were taken with the subject lying prone. Initially, the foot and ankle was in a spontaneous, unsupported position. Then passive dorsiflexion was induced by an increasing pressure which was applied in five defined steps against the plantar forefoot. FINDINGS Mean pressures found in unloaded position were 30.5 (SD 28.9) mmHg in retrocalcaneal bursitis and -9.9 (SD 17.2) mmHg in Achilles tendinopathy (p<0.001). A stepwise increase in passive ankle dorsiflexion was associated with increasing pressure values in both groups. The differences were p=0.009 to 0.035 when dorsiflexion was initiated with 10, 20, 30, and 40N, respectively. Dorsiflexion induced by 50N load resulted in a mean pressure of 113.7 (SD 124.9) mmHg for retrocalcaneal bursitis and 32.5 (SD 48.9) mmHg for Achilles tendinopathy (p=0,051). INTERPRETATION Higher retrocalcaneal bursa pressure values were found in patients suffering from chronic retrocalcaneal bursitis. This result supports the hypothesis that retrocalcaneal bursa hypertension leads to an impingement lesion of the corresponding anterior Achilles tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Lohrer
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Otto-Fleck-Schneise 10, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute for Sports and Sports Science, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg i.Brsg., Schwarzwaldstraße 175, D-79117 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Tanja Nauck
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Otto-Fleck-Schneise 10, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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