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Sheldon J, Bae S, Cavendish PA, Milliron EM, Kaeding CC, Magnussen RA, Flanigan DC, Barker T. Age and body mass index associate with total knee arthroplasty after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A retrospective study. Knee 2025; 56:160-167. [PMID: 40449292 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2025.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2025] [Revised: 05/06/2025] [Accepted: 05/09/2025] [Indexed: 06/03/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of age, body mass index (BMI), and systemic indices of the immune system and inflammation with the odds of undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). METHODS This retrospective, case-control study consisted of three groups of patients that underwent ACLR: (1) those with a documented knee osteoarthritis (OA) diagnosis and TKA procedure (Cases, n = 15), (2) those without a documented knee OA diagnosis or TKA procedure (control-1 [CON1], n = 15), and (3) those with a documented knee OA diagnosis but without a TKA procedure after ACLR (control-2 [CON2], n = 15). Control groups were matched to the Cases (1:1:1) based on sex and date of ACLR. Logistic regression analyses consisted of two models. Model 1 examined risk factors of TKA (Cases vs CON1 and CON2) and Model 2 examined risk factors of a documented knee OA diagnosis (Cases and CON2 vs CON1) following ACLR. Risk factors included age at ACLR, BMI, and systemic indices of the immune system and inflammation (systemic inflammation response index, systemic immune-inflammatory index [SII], and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, platelet-to-lymphocyte [PLR], and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratios). RESULTS Increased age (p = 0.01) and BMI (p < 0.01) were associated with significantly high odds of undergoing TKA. Increased BMI (p = 0.02) and PLR (p = 0.05) and decreased SII (p = 0.03) were risk factors for a documented knee OA diagnosis. CONCLUSION Increased BMI and systemic inflammatory-immune indices associated with increased odds of subsequent knee OA diagnosis following ACLR. Increased age and BMI associated with increased odds of subsequent knee OA diagnosis and TKA following ACLR. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III. What are the new findings?
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Sheldon
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA
| | - Sonu Bae
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA
| | - Parker A Cavendish
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA
| | - Eric M Milliron
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA
| | - Christopher C Kaeding
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA
| | - Robert A Magnussen
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA
| | - David C Flanigan
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA
| | - Tyler Barker
- Sports Medicine Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
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Schroeder AN, Graff C, Guyler M. Considerations for the Rehabilitation Management of the Female Athlete. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2025; 36:279-295. [PMID: 40210362 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2024.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2025]
Abstract
This article discussed the anatomic, physiologic, hormonal, and psychosocial factors unique to the female athelte that can affect a female athlete's injury risk and rehabilitation trajectory. A review of considerations unique to different stages of life in the female athlete and a discussion of the prevalence of certain injuries in female athletes are discussed. The purpose of this narrative review is to highlight how understanding the unique characteristics of the female athlete can allow for optimization of rehabilitation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N Schroeder
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, MetroHealth Rehabilitation Institute and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Crystal Graff
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa Sports Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Maura Guyler
- Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Li H, Rong Q. Modified cost function in single shooting predictive simulating anterior cruciate ligament deficiency gait. J Biomech 2025; 185:112706. [PMID: 40252337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.112706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2025] [Revised: 03/18/2025] [Accepted: 04/15/2025] [Indexed: 04/21/2025]
Abstract
Patients with anterior cruciate ligament deficiencies (ACLD) often exhibit altered knee kinematics and dynamics. Simulations that do not rely on tracking experimental or kinematic data can help elucidate the causal relationship between injuries and gait abnormalities. Unlike methods relying on experimental data tracking, predictive simulations, especially those based on the single shooting method, enable the exploration of movement patterns emerging from gait control policies, and thus well suited for studying the causal relationship of gait changes in patients. However, there are few studies on the direct generation of the ACLD gait based on single shooting predictive forward simulations. This study developed a cost function to obtain the motions of unilateral ACLD patients accurately. Using an asymmetric reflex-based controller to activate the muscles, the ACLD gait was simulated based on single shooting predictive forward dynamics. The gait kinematic and dynamic changes of ACLD patients were assessed based on comparisons with healthy individuals at different walking speeds, and the simulation results of their kinematics, dynamics, and muscle forces were examined. The simulation approach evaluated the differences in the knee flexion angles and moments observed in the ACLD leg. Additionally, the velocity distribution properties, and the role and limitation of the quadriceps avoidance strategy, were evaluated. Ultimately, the ability of the proposed method to simulate the ACLD gait was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Li
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China.
| | - Qiguo Rong
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China.
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Huang N, Grayson W, Schmitt D, Brown NM. Complications of total knee arthroplasty in patients with prior anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction compared to a matched cohort. J Orthop 2025; 60:138-142. [PMID: 40051982 PMCID: PMC11882332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2024.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2024] [Revised: 10/30/2024] [Accepted: 11/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Current literature reports a 500 % increase in reoperation in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of ACLR on subsequent TKA. Methods This retrospective case control study included 30 patients that underwent TKA following an ACLR who were matched 3:1 to a control cohort at a single tertiary academic center between January 1, 2011 and January 1, 2021. The electronic medical records were queried for demographics, complications, history of ACLR, and range of motion (ROM) preoperatively and postoperatively at 3 months and 1 year. Student's t-tests and Fisher's exact tests were used for analysis (α = 0.05). Results The mean ROM between the ACLR and control groups preoperatively, at 3 months and at 1 year postoperatively were 108.2° v 104.8° (p = 0.42), 114.0° v 111.8° (p = 0.51), and 115.3° v 115.8° (p = 0.88). At 1 year, 9 of 30 (30 %) ACLR patients decreased ROM versus 14 of 90 (15.6 %) control patients (mean loss of 21.4° v 11.9°, p = 0.076). No difference in complication rate was found (10 % v 11.1 %, p = 1). Complications in the ACLR group included open debridement and capsular release for stiffness after 2 failed manipulations under anesthesia (MUA), lysis of adhesions for patellar clunk, and revision surgery for flexion instability. No control patients required MUA. Conclusion This study demonstrated that TKA following ACLR is without an increased risk of complications. However, ACLR patients should be followed closely since loss of ROM can be large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Loyola University Health System, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Whisper Grayson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Loyola University Health System, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Schmitt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Loyola University Health System, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Nicholas M. Brown
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Loyola University Health System, Maywood, IL, USA
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Kamatsuki Y, Qvale MS, Steffen K, Wangensteen A, Krosshaug T. Anatomic Risk Factors for Initial and Secondary Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Prospective Cohort Study in 880 Female Elite Handball and Soccer Players. Am J Sports Med 2025; 53:123-131. [PMID: 39555633 DOI: 10.1177/03635465241292755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the most severe injuries for athletes. It is important to identify risk factors because a better understanding of injury causation can help inform athletes about risk and increase their understanding of and motivation for injury prevention. PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between anatomic factors and risk for future noncontact ACL injuries. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS A total of 870, excluding 9 players with a new contact ACL injury and a player with a new noncontact ACL injury just before the testing, female elite handball and soccer players-86 of whom had a history of ACL injury-underwent measurements of anthropometrics, alignment, joint laxity, and mobility, including leg length, knee alignment, knee anteroposterior laxity, generalized joint hypermobility, genu recurvatum, and hip anteversion. All ACL injuries among the tested players were recorded prospectively. Welch t tests and chi-square tests were used for comparison between the groups (new injury group, which sustained a new ACL injury in the follow-up period, and no new injury group). RESULTS An overall 64 new noncontact ACL injuries were registered. No differences were found between athletes with and without a new ACL injury among most of the measured variables. However, static knee valgus was significantly higher in the new injury group than in the no new injury group among all players (mean difference [MD], 0.9°; P = .007), and this tendency was greater in players with a previous ACL injury (MD, 2.1°; P = .002). Players with secondary injury also had a higher degree of knee hyperextension when compared with those previously injured who did not have a secondary injury (MD, 1.6°; P = .007). CONCLUSION The anatomic factors that we investigated had a weak or no association with risk for an index noncontact ACL injury. Increased static knee valgus was associated with an increased risk for noncontact ACL injury, in particular for secondary injury. Furthermore, hyperextension of the knee was a risk factor for secondary ACL injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kamatsuki
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marie Synnøve Qvale
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathrin Steffen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arnlaug Wangensteen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tron Krosshaug
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Klein B, Bartlett LE, Huyke-Hernandez FA, Tauro TM, Landman F, Cohn RM, Sgaglione NA. Analysis of Changing Practice Trends in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Multicenter, Single-Institution Database Analysis. Arthroscopy 2025; 41:79-91. [PMID: 38447628 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2024.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify trends in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), including graft choice, femoral tunnel drilling techniques, and augmentation techniques, and to assess how various surgeon factors impact these trends. METHODS A retrospective review of primary ACLRs performed between 2014 and 2022 was completed using a multicenter institutional database. Patient demographic characteristics, graft type, femoral drilling technique, use of extra-articular tenodesis, and use of suture augmentation were recorded from the medical record. Surgeon fellowship training (sports trained vs non-sports trained), experience (high [minimum of 15 years in practice] vs low), and volume (high [minimum of 15 ACLRs/year] vs low) were used to stratify technique utilization. The z test for proportions was used to compare categorical variables. Pearson correlation analyses identified trends and assessed statistical significance, defined as P < .05. RESULTS Our cohort consisted of 2,032 ACLRs performed in 2,006 patients. The average patient age was 28.3 ± 11.6 years, with more procedures performed in male patients (67.3%). The average length of surgeon experience was 19.7 ± 11.4 years, with an average annual procedural volume of 4.0 ± 5.4 ACLRs. Most surgeons were sports trained (n = 55, 64.7%), high experience (n = 44, 57.1%), and low volume (n = 80, 94.1%). There was an increasing annual proportion of ACLRs performed by sports-trained surgeons (R = 0.748, P = .020) and low-experience surgeons (R = 0.940, P < .001). Autograft reconstructions were most often performed by sports-trained (71.2%), low-experience (66.1%), and high-volume (76.9%) surgeons. There was an increasing proportion of autograft ACLRs that used quadriceps tendon among sports-trained (R = 0.739, P = .023), high-experience (R = 0.768, P = .016), and low-volume (R = 0.785, P = .012) surgeons. Independent drilling techniques were used in an increasing proportion of ACLRs performed by non-sports-trained (R = 0.860, P = .003) and high-volume (R = 0.864, P = .003) surgeons. Augmentation of ACLR with concomitant suture augmentation (n = 24, 1.2%) or extra-articular tenodesis (n = 6, 0.3%) was rarely performed. CONCLUSIONS In our multicenter institution, the quadriceps tendon autograft has been increasingly used in ACLR by sports-trained, low-volume, and high-experience surgeons. Independent drilling techniques have been increasingly used by non-sports-trained and high-volume surgeons. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Surgeons must stay current with the literature that affects their procedures to ensure that evidence-based medicine is being practiced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Klein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Health, Huntington, New York, U.S.A..
| | - Lucas E Bartlett
- Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey, U.S.A
| | | | - Tracy M Tauro
- Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey, U.S.A
| | - Francis Landman
- Mount Sinai South Nassau, Department of Internal Medicine, Oceanside, New York, U.S.A
| | - Randy M Cohn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Health, Huntington, New York, U.S.A
| | - Nicholas A Sgaglione
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Health, Huntington, New York, U.S.A
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Entezari B, Lex JR, Peck J, Igbokwe EN, Kubik JF, Backstein DJ, Wolfstadt JI. Intraoperative and Postoperative Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty With Prior Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Matched Cohort Analysis. Arthroplast Today 2024; 27:101330. [PMID: 39071823 PMCID: PMC11282402 DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2024.101330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a risk factor for the development of knee osteoarthritis. Despite advances in ACL reconstruction (ACLR) techniques, many patients with history of ACLR develop end-stage osteoarthritis necessitating total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of prior ACLR on intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of TKA. Methods This was a single-centre matched cohort study of all patients with prior ACLR undergoing primary TKA from January 2000 to May 2022. Patients were matched 1:1 to patients undergoing TKA with no prior ACL injury based on age, sex, and body mass index. Outcomes investigated included TKA procedure duration, soft-tissue releases, implant design, and complications requiring reoperation. Results Forty-two ACLR patients were identified and matched to controls. Mean follow-up was 6.8 years and 5.0 years in the ACLR and control cohorts, respectively (P = .115). ACLR patients demonstrated longer procedure durations (122.8 minutes vs 87.0 minutes, P < .001) and more frequently required soft-tissue releases (40.5% vs 14.3%, P = .007), stemmed implants (23.8% vs 4.8%, P = .013), and patellar resurfacing (59.5% vs 26.2%, P = .002). There were no significant differences in postoperative clinical or surgical outcomes between groups. Ten-year implant survivorship was 92% and 95% in the ACLR and control cohorts, respectively (P = .777). Conclusions TKA is an effective procedure for the management of end-stage osteoarthritis with prior ACLR. The care team should be prepared for longer operative times and the utilization of advanced techniques to achieve satisfactory soft-tissue balance and implant stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Entezari
- Granovsky Gluskin Division of Orthopaedics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Queen’s University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Johnathan R. Lex
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan Peck
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emmanuel N. Igbokwe
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy F. Kubik
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David J. Backstein
- Granovsky Gluskin Division of Orthopaedics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jesse I. Wolfstadt
- Granovsky Gluskin Division of Orthopaedics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Inclan PM, Brophy RH, Saccone NL, Ma Y, Pham V, Yanik EL. Environmental and genetic risk factors associated with total knee arthroplasty following cruciate ligament surgery. Bone Joint J 2024; 106-B:249-255. [PMID: 38423078 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.106b3.bjj-2023-0425.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Aims The purpose of this study is to determine an individual's age-specific prevalence of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) after cruciate ligament surgery, and to identify clinical and genetic risk factors associated with undergoing TKA. Methods This study was a retrospective case-control study using the UK Biobank to identify individuals reporting a history of cruciate ligament surgery. Data from verbal history and procedural codes recorded through the NHS were used to identify instances of TKA. Patient clinical and genetic data were used to identify risk factors for progression from cruciate ligament surgery to TKA. Individuals without a history of cruciate ligament reconstruction were used for comparison. Results A total of 2,576 individuals with a history of cruciate ligament surgery were identified, with 290 (11.25%) undergoing TKA. In patients with prior cruciate ligament surgery, prevalence of TKA was 0.75% at age 45 years, 9.10% at age 65 years, and 20.43% at age 80 years. Patients with prior cruciate ligament surgery were 4.6 times more likely to have undergone TKA by age 55 years than individuals without prior cruciate ligament surgery. In the cruciate ligament surgery cohort, BMI > 30 kg/m2 (odds ratio (OR) 4.01 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.74 to 5.87)), a job that always involved heavy manual or physical labour (OR 2.72 (95% CI 1.57 to 4.71)), or a job that always involved walking and standing (OR 2.58 (95% CI 1.58 to 4.20)) were associated with greater TKA odds. No single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was associated with risk of TKA following cruciate ligament surgery. Conclusion Patients with a history of prior cruciate ligament surgery have substantially higher risk of TKA and undergo arthroplasty at a relatively younger age than individuals without a history of prior cruciate ligament surgery. Physically demanding work and obesity were associated with higher odds of TKA after cruciate ligament surgery, but no SNP was associated with risk of TKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Inclan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert H Brophy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nancy L Saccone
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yinjiao Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Vy Pham
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Yanik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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Sappey-Marinier ET, Howell SM, Nedopil AJ, Hull ML. A Torn or Reconstructed Anterior Cruciate Ligament Does Not Adversely Affect Clinical Outcome Scores and the Incidence of Reoperation After Unrestricted Kinematically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2023; 38:2612-2617. [PMID: 37321516 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no reports as to whether the condition of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) adversely affects the 2 to 3 year function and reoperation risk of a kinematically aligned (KA) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) performed with posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) retention and an intermediate medial conforming (MC) insert. METHODS A single surgeon's prospective database query identified 418 consecutive primary TKAs performed between January 2019 and December 2019. The surgeon recorded the ACL condition in the operative note. Patients filled out the Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), Oxford knee score (OKS), and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores for Joint Replacement at the final follow-up. There were 299 patients with an intact ACL, 99 with a torn ACL, and 20 with a reconstructed ACL. The mean follow-up was 31 months (range, 20 to 45). RESULTS The median FJS, OKS, and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) of the reconstructed/torn/intact KA TKAs were 90/79/67, 47/44/43, and 92/88/80 points, respectively. The median OKS and KOOS of the reconstructed ACL cohort were 4 and 11 points higher than in the intact ACL cohort (P = .003, .04). One patient who had a reconstructed ACL underwent manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) for stiffness. The 5 reoperations in the intact ACL cohort were for instability (n = 2), revision after failed MUA for stiffness (n = 2), and infection (n = 1). CONCLUSION These results suggest that patients who have a torn and reconstructed ACL can expect high function and a low risk of reoperation comparable to patients who have an intact ACL when treated with unrestricted, caliper-verified KA, PCL retention, and an intermediate MC insert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot T Sappey-Marinier
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ramsay Santé, Hôpital Privé Jean Mermoz, Centre Orthopédique Santy, Lyon, France
| | - Stephen M Howell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Alexander J Nedopil
- Orthopädische Klinik König-Ludwig-Haus, Lehrstuhl für Orthopädie der Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maury L Hull
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Davis Medical Center, University of California, Sacramento, California; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California
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Wilson JM, Markos JR, Krych AJ, Berry DJ, Trousdale RT, Abdel MP. Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients Who had a Prior Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Balancing Remains the Issue. J Arthroplasty 2023; 38:S71-S76. [PMID: 36801476 PMCID: PMC10461606 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, 20% of patients will develop osteoarthritis. Despite this, there remains a paucity of data describing outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) after prior ACL reconstruction. We aimed to describe survivorships, complications, radiographic results, and clinical outcomes of TKA after ACL reconstruction in one of the largest series to date. METHODS We identified 160 patients (165 knees) who underwent primary TKA following prior ACL reconstruction between 1990 and 2016 using our total joint registry. The mean age at TKA was 56 years (range, 29-81), 42% were women, and their mean body mass index was 32. Ninety percent of knees were posterior-stabilized designs. Survivorship was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The mean follow-up was 8 years. RESULTS The 10-year survivorships free of any revision and any reoperation were 92 and 88%, respectively. Seven patients were revised for instability (6 global and 1 flexion), 4 for infection, and 2 for other reasons. There were 5 additional reoperations: 3 manipulations under anesthesia, 1 wound debridement, and 1 arthroscopic synovectomy for patellar clunk. Nonoperative complications occurred in 16 patients, 4 of which were flexion instability. Radiographically, all nonrevised knees were well-fixed. Knee Society Function Scores significantly improved from preoperative to 5 years postoperative (P < .0001). CONCLUSION Survivorship of TKA in post-ACL reconstruction knees was lower than expected with instability being the most common reason for revision. In addition, the most common nonrevision complications were flexion instability and stiffness requiring manipulations under anesthesia, indicating that achieving soft tissue balance in these knees may be difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M. Wilson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, Phone: (507) 284-2884, Fax: (507) 266-4234
| | - James R. Markos
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, Phone: (507) 284-2884, Fax: (507) 266-4234
| | - Aaron J. Krych
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, Phone: (507) 284-2884, Fax: (507) 266-4234
| | - Daniel J. Berry
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, Phone: (507) 284-2884, Fax: (507) 266-4234
| | - Robert T. Trousdale
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, Phone: (507) 284-2884, Fax: (507) 266-4234
| | - Matthew P. Abdel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, Phone: (507) 284-2884, Fax: (507) 266-4234
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Testa EJ, Modest JM, Brodeur P, Lemme NJ, Gil JA, Cruz AI. Do Patient Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors Influence Surgical Treatment Rates After ACL Injury? J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:319-324. [PMID: 35006586 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-01222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries may be managed nonoperatively in certain patients and injury patterns; however, complete ACL ruptures are commonly reconstructed to restore anterior and lateral rotatory stability of the knee. While ACL reconstruction is well-studied, the literature is sparse with regard to which socioeconomic patient factors are associated with patients undergoing ACL reconstruction rather than nonoperative management after diagnosis of an ACL injury. The current study seeks to evaluate this relationship between patient demographics as well as socioeconomic factors and the rate of surgery following ACL injuries. METHODS Patients ≤65 years of age with a primary ACL injury between 2011 and 2018 were retrospectively identified in the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database. International Classification of Disease 9/10 and Current Procedural Terminology codes were used to identify these patients and their subsequent ACL reconstructions. Logistic regression was performed to determine the effect of patient factors on the likelihood of having surgery after the diagnosis of an ACL injury. RESULTS Compared to White patients, African American patients were significantly less likely to undergo ACL reconstruction following an ACL injury (OR=0.65, 95% CI, 0.573-0.726). Patients older than 35 had decreased odds of undergoing ACL reconstruction compared to younger patients, with patients 55-64 having the lowest odds (OR=0.166, 95% CI, 0.136-0.203). Patients with Medicaid (OR=0.84, 95% CI, 0.757-0.933) or self-pay insurance (OR=0.67, 95% CI, 0.565-0.793), and those with worker's compensation (OR=0.715, 95% CI, 0.621-0.823) had decreased odds of undergoing ACL reconstruction relative to patients with private insurance. Patients with higher Social Deprivation Index (SDI) were significantly more likely to be treated nonoperatively after ACL injuries compared to those with lower SDI (mean nonoperative SDI score, 61, operative SDI, 56, P<0.0001). DISCUSSION In patients with ACL injuries, there are socioeconomic and patient-related factors that are associated with increased odds of undergoing ACL reconstruction. These factors are important to recognize as they represent a source of potential inequality in access to care and an area with potential for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Testa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. .,Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 222 Richmond Street, Providence, RI, 02904, USA.
| | - Jacob M Modest
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Peter Brodeur
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Nicholas J Lemme
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Joseph A Gil
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Aristides I Cruz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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12
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Comparison of survival rates between total knee arthroplasty after a previous anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and primary total knee arthroplasty via propensity score matching. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2023:10.1007/s00402-023-04773-6. [PMID: 36656350 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-023-04773-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the survival rate of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients treated with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is not as favorable as that in patients treated with primary TKA without ligament reconstruction, the exact survival rates and complications associated with these procedures are still controversial. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to compare the revision rates of TKA in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) with a previous ACLR and those of patients with primary TKA with no history of knee surgery by using propensity score matching analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A list of patients who underwent TKA from January 1, 2008 to May 31, 2019 was obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance database. Among these, 460 patients underwent TKA in a knee with a previous ACLR and 569,766 patients who underwent primary TKA due to degenerative OA. We performed propensity scoring matching to compare the revision rates including septic revision due to prosthetic joint infection after TKA and perioperative complication rates within 90 days after revision TKA between the two groups. RESULTS Matched patients were assigned to one of the two groups (group A: 2,201 patients who underwent TKA due to primary OA, group B: 448 patients who underwent TKA in a knee with a previous ACLR) based on the propensity score. The total number of revisions per 1000 person-years was significantly higher in group B than in group A (10.16 vs 4.66, respectively). Group B showed a higher risk of revision than group A at 10 years post-TKA (hazard ratio: 2.49, 95% confidence interval: 1.30-4.77). However, group B showed a similar risk of septic revision as group A (p = 0.44). Perioperative complications within 90 days after TKA showed no significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Surgeons should be aware of the relatively higher revision rate of TKA in patients who had previously undergone an ACLR compared to that in patients who underwent primary TKA.
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13
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Costa MQ, Badger GJ, Chrostek CA, Carvalho OD, Faiola SL, Fadale PD, Hulstyn MJ, Gil HC, Shalvoy RM, Fleming BC. Effects of Initial Graft Tension and Patient Sex on Knee Osteoarthritis Outcomes After ACL Reconstruction: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial With 10- to 12-Year Follow-up. Am J Sports Med 2022; 50:3510-3521. [PMID: 36259724 PMCID: PMC9633422 DOI: 10.1177/03635465221124917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The initial graft tension applied during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft fixation may promote posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS This study sought to assess the effect of initial graft tension and patient sex on PTOA outcomes at 10 to 12 years after ACL reconstruction (ACLR). The hypothesis was that there would be no group- or sex-based differences in outcomes. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. METHODS Patients were randomized to receive ACLR with a low or high initial graft tension. Outcomes were evaluated at 10 to 12 years postoperatively and compared with a matched, uninjured control group. Outcomes included clinical assessments (anteroposterior [AP] knee laxity measurement, International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC] examination score), a functional assessment (single-leg hop for distance), patient-reported outcomes (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [KOOS], 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, Tegner activity level, patient satisfaction), and PTOA imaging (Osteoarthritis Research Society International [OARSI] radiographic score and Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score [WORMS]). Two-way mixed-model analyses of variance were used to evaluate differences in outcomes between tension groups and the control group and between female and male patients. RESULTS Both tension groups scored worse than the control group for the IKDC examination (P≤ .021), KOOS (Pain, Activities of Daily Living, Sport/Recreation, and Quality of Life subscales) (P≤ .049), and WORMS difference score (P≤ .042). The low-tension group scored worse than the control group for KOOS Symptoms (P = .016) and the OARSI difference score (P = .015). The index limb had worse scores than the contralateral limb within the high-tension group for AP laxity (P = .030) and hop deficit (P = .011). This result was also observed within both tension groups for the WORMS (P≤ .050) and within the low-tension group for the OARSI score (P = .001). Male patients had higher Tegner scores (mean ± SE) relative to female patients (male, 5.49 ± 1.88; female, 4.45 ± 1.65) and worse OARSI difference scores (male, 1.89 ± 5.38; female, 0.244 ± 0.668) (P = .007 and .034, respectively). However, no significant differences were detected between tension groups for any of the outcomes measured. CONCLUSION Overall, ACLR failed to prevent PTOA regardless of initial graft tension. However, male patients treated with a low initial graft tension may be at greater risk for PTOA. These results do not support the hypothesis of no sex differences in outcomes at 10 to 12 years after ACLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meggin Q. Costa
- Dept of Orthopaedics, Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Gary J. Badger
- Dept of Medical Biostatistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Cynthia A. Chrostek
- Dept of Orthopaedics, Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Orianna D. Carvalho
- Dept of Orthopaedics, Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Stacy L. Faiola
- Dept of Orthopaedics, Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Paul D. Fadale
- Dept of Orthopaedics, Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Michael J. Hulstyn
- Dept of Orthopaedics, Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Holly C. Gil
- Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Robert M. Shalvoy
- Dept of Orthopaedics, Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Braden C. Fleming
- Dept of Orthopaedics, Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
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14
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Petersen W, Bentzin M, Bierke S, Park HU, Häner M. Use of tranexamic acid in medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2022; 142:2287-2293. [PMID: 34698931 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-021-04219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) on the outcome after medial open wedge osteotomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective non-randomized comparative study with 52 patients has been performed. In both treatment groups, the same surgical technique for the medial open wedge HTO was used. In group 1 (N: 26) the patients received 1 g TXA i.v. preoperatively, in group 2 (N: 26) no TXA was given. Primary outcome measure was the decrease in hemoglobin concentration. Secondary outcome criteria were postoperative pain, intraarticular effusion (measured by ultrasound), range of motion (ROM) at discharge, peri- and postoperative complications and the KOOS PS (pre- and postoperatively at 1 year follow up). RESULTS Hemoglobin decrease was significantly less in the TXA group compared to the non TXA group. Postoperative pain and intraarticular effusion was also significantly lower and ROM at discharge was higher in the TXA group. There was no group difference in peri- and postoperative complications and the pre- and postoperatively KOOS PS. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study show the systemic application of 1 g TXA reduces hemoglobin drop and postoperative morbidity (pain, intraarticular effusion, and ROM) after tibial open wedge HTO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolf Petersen
- Klinik Für Orthopädie Und Unfallchirurgie, Martin Luther Hospital, Caspar-Theyß-Straße 27-31, Grunewald, 14193, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mats Bentzin
- Klinik Für Orthopädie Und Unfallchirurgie, Martin Luther Hospital, Caspar-Theyß-Straße 27-31, Grunewald, 14193, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bierke
- Klinik Für Orthopädie Und Unfallchirurgie, Martin Luther Hospital, Caspar-Theyß-Straße 27-31, Grunewald, 14193, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hi Un Park
- Klinik Für Orthopädie Und Unfallchirurgie, Martin Luther Hospital, Caspar-Theyß-Straße 27-31, Grunewald, 14193, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Häner
- Klinik Für Orthopädie Und Unfallchirurgie, Martin Luther Hospital, Caspar-Theyß-Straße 27-31, Grunewald, 14193, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Guo W, Wan T, Tan H, Fan G, Gao X, Liu P, Jiang C. Anterior cruciate ligament deficiency versus intactness for outcomes in patients after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:890118. [PMID: 36082162 PMCID: PMC9445614 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.890118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA) procedure is primarily indicated for osteoarthritis of the knee. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) defects have long been considered a contraindication to UKA. However, recent clinical studies have found that ACL defects do not affect postoperative outcomes in UKA. To elucidate whether ACL defects affect postoperative outcomes in UKA, we performed a systematic review and Meta-analysis of observational cohort studies comparing the effects of ACL defects and intactness on surgical outcomes in UKA. Methods: In this study, we used “Anterior Cruciate Ligament”, “Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries” and “Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee” as the subject terms according to PICOS principles. These subject terms and the corresponding free texts were used to conduct a systematic search in the three major databases PubMed, Embase and Cochrane on December 9, 2021. The main study variables included age, gender, region, definition of ACL defect and diagnosed diseases. The study used a random effect model to pool the effect of 95% CIs. To explore the sources of heterogeneity and to test the stability of the results, a sensitivity analysis was performed. Results: The systematic review found no significant differences in postoperative clinical outcomes in the elderly population when unicondylar replacement was performed in the setting of multiple factors such as injury, defects, longitudinal tear, and synovial bursa injury defined as ACL deficiency. The primary clinical outcomes included postoperative revision, Tegner activity score, and Oxford Knee Score (OKS). After statistical meta-analysis, postoperative outcomes such as postoperative revision (OR, 1.174; 95% CIs, 0.758–1.817) and Tegner activity score (OR, -0.084; 95% CIs, -0.320–0.151) were not statistically different. Conclusion: There was no difference in postoperative revision rates and functional outcomes such as Tegner activity score between the ACL-deficient group compared with the ACL-intact group. For the present results, it is not advisable to consider ACL deficiency as a contraindication of UKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Guo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Teng Wan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haifeng Tan
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Fan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gao
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Pan Liu
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Pan Liu, ; Changqing Jiang,
| | - Changqing Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Pan Liu, ; Changqing Jiang,
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16
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Best MJ, Amin RM, Raad M, Kreulen RT, Musharbash F, Valaik D, Wilckens JH. Total Knee Arthroplasty after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. J Knee Surg 2022; 35:844-848. [PMID: 33242906 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is increasing in the United States, particularly in the older athlete. Patients who undergo ACL reconstruction are at higher risk for undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) later in life. TKA in patients with prior ACL reconstruction has been associated with longer operative time due in-part to difficulty with exposure and retained hardware. Outcomes after TKA in patients with prior ACL reconstruction are not well defined, with some reports showing increased rate of complications and higher risk of reoperation compared with routine primary TKA, but these results are based on small and nonrandomized cohorts. Future research is needed to determine whether graft choice or fixation technique for ACL reconstruction influences outcomes after subsequent TKA. Furthermore, whether outcomes are affected by choice of TKA implant design for patients with prior ACL reconstruction warrants further study. This review analyzes the epidemiology, operative considerations, and outcomes of TKA following ACL reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Best
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Raj M Amin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Micheal Raad
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - R Timothy Kreulen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Farah Musharbash
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel Valaik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John H Wilckens
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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17
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Martin RK, Persson A, Moatshe G, Fenstad AM, Engebretsen L, Drogset JO, Visnes H. Low annual hospital volume of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is not associated with higher revision rates. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 30:1575-1583. [PMID: 34236479 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-021-06655-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Surgery performed in low-volume centres has been associated with longer operating time, longer hospital stays, lower functional outcomes, and higher rates of revision surgery, complications and mortality. This has been reported consistently in the arthroplasty literature, but there is a paucity of data regarding the relationship between surgical volume and outcome following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The purpose was to compare ACL reconstruction failure rates between hospitals performing different annual surgical volumes. METHODS All patients from the Norwegian Knee Ligament Register having primary autograft ACL reconstruction between 2004 and 2016 were included. Hospital volume was divided into quintiles based on the number of ACL reconstructions performed annually, defined arbitrarily as: 1-12 (V1), 13-24 (V2), 25-49 (V3), 50-99 (V4) and ≥ 100 (V5) annual procedures. Kaplan-Meier estimated survival curves and survival percentages were calculated with revision ACL reconstruction as the end point. Secondary outcome measures included (1) mean change in Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) Quality of Life (QoL) and Sport subsections from pre-operative to 5-year follow-up and (2) subjective failure defined as KOOS QoL < 44. RESULTS Twenty thousand eight hundred and fifty patients met the inclusion criteria and 1195 (5.7%) underwent subsequent revision ACL reconstruction over the study period. Revision rates were lower in the lower volume hospitals compared with the higher volume hospitals (p < 0.001). There was no clinically significant difference in improvement between pre-operative and 5-year follow-up KOOS scores between hospital volume categories, but a higher proportion of patients having surgery at lower volume hospitals reported a subjective failure. Patients in the lower volume categories (V1-3) were more often male and older compared to the higher volume hospitals (V4-5). Concomitant meniscal injuries and participation in pivoting sports were most common in V5 compared with V1 (p < 0.001). Median operative time decreased as hospital volume increased, ranging from 90 min at V1 hospitals to 56 min at V5 hospitals (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Patients having ACL reconstruction at lower volume hospitals had a lower rate of subsequent revision surgery relative to higher volume hospitals. However, complications occurred more frequently, operative duration was longer, and the number of patients reporting a subjective failure of ACL reconstruction was highest at these lower volume hospitals. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kyle Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, 1900 CentraCare Circle, Saint Cloud, MN, 56303, USA.
| | - Andreas Persson
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Martina Hansens Hospital, Baerum, Norway
- Norwegian National Knee Ligament Register, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gilbert Moatshe
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Marie Fenstad
- Norwegian National Knee Ligament Register, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Engebretsen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon Olav Drogset
- Norwegian National Knee Ligament Register, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard Visnes
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Knee Ligament Register, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sorlandet Hospital Kristiansand, Kristiansand, Norway
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18
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Truong AP, Pérez-Prieto D, Byrnes J, Monllau JC, Vertullo CJ. Vancomycin Soaking Is Highly Cost-Effective in Primary ACLR Infection Prevention: A Cost-Effectiveness Study. Am J Sports Med 2022; 50:922-931. [PMID: 35180008 DOI: 10.1177/03635465211073338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although presoaking grafts in vancomycin has been demonstrated to be effective in observational studies for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) infection prevention, the economic benefit of the technique is uncertain. PURPOSE To 1) determine the cost-effectiveness of vancomycin presoaking during primary ACLR to prevent postoperative joint infections and 2) to establish the break-even cost-effectiveness threshold of the technique and determine its cost-effectiveness across various international health care settings. STUDY DESIGN Economic and decision analysis; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS A Markov model was used to determine cost-effectiveness and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of additional vancomycin presoaking compared with intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis alone. A repeated search of the PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases, using the same criteria as a recent meta-analysis, was completed. A repeated meta-analysis of 9 cohort studies (level 3 evidence) was completed to determine the odds ratio of infection with vancomycin presoaking compared with intravenous antibiotics alone. Estimated costs of the vancomycin technique, treatment of infection, and further surgery were sourced from local hospitals and literature. Transitional probabilities for further surgery, including revision reconstruction and primary arthroplasty, were obtained from the literature. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses and a 1-way sensitivity analysis were performed to evaluate the ACLR infection rate break-even threshold for which the vancomycin technique would be no longer cost-effective. RESULTS The vancomycin soaking technique provides expected cost savings of $660 (USA), A$581 (Australia), and €226 (Spain) per patient. There was an improvement in the quality-adjusted life-years of 0.007 compared with intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis alone (4.297 vs 4.290). If the infection rate is below 0.014% with intravenous antibiotics alone, the vancomycin wrap would no longer be cost-effective. CONCLUSION The vancomycin presoaking technique is a highly cost-effective method to prevent postoperative septic arthritis after primary ACLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Truong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Toowoomba Base Hospital & Gold Coast University Hospital, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Daniel Pérez-Prieto
- ICATKNEE, Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joshua Byrnes
- Centre for Applied Health Economics, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joan C Monllau
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital del Mar ICATKNEE, Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christopher J Vertullo
- Orthopaedic Surgery & Sports Medicine Centre, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Knee Research Australia, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Knee Society.,Australian Orthopaedic Association.,AOA Continuing Orthopaedic Education
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19
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Wilder JH, Patel AH, Ross BJ, Weldy JM, Wang H, Sherman WF. Fracture Risk With Patella Resurfacing During Total Knee Arthroplasty After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Bone-Patella-Bone Autograft: A Biomechanical Analysis. Arthroplast Today 2022; 13:142-148. [PMID: 35106351 PMCID: PMC8784308 DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are common injuries. Ipsilateral bone patellar tendon bone (BPTB) autograft has been frequently used for ACL reconstructions. A large percentage of patients who sustain ACL ruptures develop early osteoarthritis and require total knee arthroplasty (TKA). When patients with previous BPTB autograft for an ACL tear undergo TKA, there may be an increased risk of fracture after patellar resurfacing. Methods There were 20 artificial Sawbones and 10 cadaveric patellae resurfaced. To simulate the presence of a previous BPTB autograft, a bone plug was removed from the anterior surface of the patellae and was resurfaced with a cemented patellar button. Biomechanical testing was performed to determine the compressive load to fracture of patellae with and without previous BPTB autograft. Results The average maximum load to failure for the artificial Sawbones patellae without a previous BPTB autograft was 4551.40 N ± 753.12 compared with 2855.39 N ± 531.46 with a previous BPTB autograft (P < .001). The average maximum load to failure for the cadaveric patellae without a previous BPTB autograft was 7256.37 N ± 1473.97 compared with 5232.22 N ± 475.04 with a previous BPTB autograft (P = .021). Conclusions The results demonstrate a significantly lower maximum load to failure of a resurfaced patella in the presence of a previous BPTB autograft. This can be used to aid in the decision of whether to resurface the patellae in these patients and to educate patients that the presence of a previous BPTB autograft may be an increased risk factor for patella fracture after TKA.
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20
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Visnes H, Gifstad T, Persson A, Lygre SHL, Engebretsen L, Drogset JO, Furnes O. ACL Reconstruction Patients Have Increased Risk of Knee Arthroplasty at 15 Years of Follow-up. JB JS Open Access 2022; 7:JBJSOA-D-22-00023. [PMID: 35747170 PMCID: PMC9208870 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.oa.22.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is considered a risk factor for osteoarthritis. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the cumulative risk of, and risk factors associated with, a subsequent knee arthroplasty after an ACL reconstruction at up to 15 years of follow-up. The secondary aim was to compare the relative risk of knee arthroplasty after ACL reconstruction compared with that in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håvard Visnes
- The Norwegian Knee Ligament Register, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Orthopedics, Sorlandet Hospital Kristiansand, Kristiansand, Norway
- Email for corresponding author:
| | - Tone Gifstad
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andreas Persson
- The Norwegian Knee Ligament Register, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Martina Hansens Hospital, Bærum, Norway
| | - Stein Håkon Låstad Lygre
- The Norwegian Arthroplasty Register, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Engebretsen
- The Norwegian Knee Ligament Register, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon Olav Drogset
- The Norwegian Knee Ligament Register, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ove Furnes
- The Norwegian Knee Ligament Register, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- The Norwegian Arthroplasty Register, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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21
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Patel NK, Hadley CJ, Leite S, Brahmabhatt S, Mazur D, Parvizi J, Ciccotti MG. Knee Arthroplasty with Prior Ligamentous Knee Surgery: A Matched Case-Control Study. J Knee Surg 2021; 34:1539-1544. [PMID: 32434235 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the timing, operative details, and outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with prior ligamentous knee surgery (LKS). All consecutive patients undergoing TKA with prior LKS at a single institution were identified from a large prospectively collected database. Patients were matched on a 2:1 basis according to age, sex, and body mass index to a group of patients without previous LKS undergoing primary TKA. A total of 39 patients with prior LKS and a mean age of 55.6 years (range: 42.8-76.4) were identified and matched with 78 patients without LKS with a mean age of 57.6 years (range: 44.0-79.4) undergoing primary TKA (p = 0.24). Significantly more posterior stabilized implants were used in patients with LKS compared with control patients (29 [74.3%] vs. 27 [34.6%], p < 0.001). In the LKS group, 15 patients (38.4%) required hardware removal. Postoperative complications and rate of further surgery were greater in the LCS group, but the difference was not significant (10.6 vs. 6.4%, p = 0.25). Mean difference in pre- to postoperative knee flexion and clinical outcome scores (12-item Short Form Survey, International Knee Documentation Committee, and Oxford Knee Score) were similar between the two groups, with no cases of loosening or osteolysis. TKA with prior LKS often warranted hardware removal and generally more constrained implants. Those patients with prior LKS undergoing subsequent TKA have higher complication rates and an increased rate of subsequent surgery related to post-TKA stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirav K Patel
- Medical College of Virginia at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Christopher J Hadley
- The Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Samantha Leite
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shyam Brahmabhatt
- The Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Donald Mazur
- The Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Javad Parvizi
- The Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael G Ciccotti
- The Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Incidence of Total Knee Replacement in Patients With Previous Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Clin J Sport Med 2021; 31:e442-e446. [PMID: 33914491 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the rate of total knee replacement (TKR) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) compared to the general population. DESIGN Retrospective review. SETTING All hospitals that performed TKR and ACL-R in Manitoba between 1980 and 2015. PARTICIPANT All patients that underwent TKR and ACL-R in Manitoba between 1980 and 2015. INTERVENTION Patient factors gathered at time of surgery included: age, sex, urban or rural residence, neighborhood income quintile, and resource utilization band (RUB). Each person was matched with up to 5 people from the general population who had never had ACL-R and had not had a TKR at the time of the case ACL-R. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The rate of TKR after ACL-R. RESULTS Overall from 1980 to 2015, 8500 ACL-R were identified within the 16 to 60 years age group with a resultant 42 497 population matches. Sex was predominantly male. The mean age of the ACL-R group at the time of TKR was 53.7 years, whereas the mean age for the matched cohort was 58.2 years, P < 0.001. Those with ACL-R were 4.85 times more likely to go on to have TKR. Apart from age, no other risk factors examined (location, year of surgery, place of residence, income quintile, and RUB) seemed to increase risk of TKR after ACL-R. CONCLUSION Patients who underwent ACL-R were 5 times more likely to undergo TKR.
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23
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Ramamurti P, Fassihi SC, Stake S, Stadecker M, Whiting Z, Thakkar SC. Conversion Total Knee Arthroplasty. JBJS Rev 2021; 9:01874474-202109000-00007. [PMID: 34812774 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.20.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
» Conversion total knee arthroplasty (TKA) represents a heterogeneous group of procedures and most commonly includes TKA performed after ligamentous reconstruction, periarticular open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), high tibial osteotomy (HTO), and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). » Relative to patients undergoing primary TKA, patients undergoing conversion TKA often have longer operative times and higher surgical complexity, which may translate into higher postoperative complication rates. » There is mixed evidence on implant survivorship and patient-reported outcome measures when comparing conversion TKA and primary TKA, with some studies noting no differences between the procedures and others finding decreased survivorship and outcome scores for conversion TKA. » By gaining an improved understanding of the unique challenges facing patients undergoing conversion TKA, clinicians may better set patient expectations, make intraoperative adjustments, and guide postoperative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Ramamurti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Safa C Fassihi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Seth Stake
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Monica Stadecker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Zachariah Whiting
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Savyasachi C Thakkar
- Adult Reconstruction Division, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Columbia, Maryland
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24
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Quan T, Wang KY, Gu A, Gioia C, Malahias MA, Stoll WT, Thakkar SC, Campbell JC. Conversion total knee arthroplasty: A case complexity between primary and revision total knee arthroplasty. Knee 2021; 31:180-187. [PMID: 34256348 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conversion total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may represent a more complex procedure compared with primary TKA. The purpose of this study was to compare 30-day complications between conversion TKA and primary, non-conversion TKA as well as between conversion TKA and revision TKA on a national scale using a multi-center surgical registry. METHODS Adult patients undergoing conversion TKA from 2006 to 2018 were identified in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database and were compared with patients who underwent primary TKA and aseptic revision TKA. In this analysis, 30-day complications were assessed. Bivariate analyses, including chi-squared and analysis of variance, and multivariate logistic regressions were performed. RESULTS Of 299,065 total patients undergoing knee arthroplasty, 1,310 (0.4%) underwent conversion TKA, 275,470 (92.1%) underwent primary TKA, and 22,285 (7.5%) underwent revision TKA. Following adjustment, patients who underwent conversion TKA were more likely to have increased risks of any complications (P < 0.001), mortality (P = 0.021), wound complications (P < 0.001), cardiac issues (P = 0.018), bleeding requiring transfusion (P < 0.001), and reoperation (P = 0.002) relative to primary TKA patients. Compared with patients who underwent revision TKA, conversion TKA patients were less likely to have septic complications (P = 0.009). CONCLUSION Conversion TKA is associated with significantly higher rates of complications compared with primary, non-conversion TKA, but less risk of sepsis compared with revision TKA. Because current reimbursement classifications do not account for the case complexity of a conversion TKA, new classifications should be implemented with reimbursements for conversion TKA approximating reimbursements for revision TKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Quan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, George Washington Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kevin Y Wang
- Johns Hopkins Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Adult Reconstruction Division, Columbia, MD, USA
| | - Alex Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, George Washington Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Casey Gioia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, George Washington Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael-Alexander Malahias
- Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement Division, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - William T Stoll
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, George Washington Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Savyasachi C Thakkar
- Johns Hopkins Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Adult Reconstruction Division, Columbia, MD, USA
| | - Joshua C Campbell
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, George Washington Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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25
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Kraeutler MJ, Aliberti GM, Scillia AJ, McCarty EC, Mulcahey MK. A Systematic Review of Basic Science and Animal Studies on the Use of Doxycycline to Reduce the Risk of Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture/Transection. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:2255-2261. [PMID: 33216621 DOI: 10.1177/0363546520965971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) after injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is common. PURPOSE To perform a systematic review of basic science and animal studies to determine the effect of doxycycline treatment on the prevention of PTOA after ACL rupture/transection. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. METHODS A systematic review was performed by searching the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases to identify basic science and animal studies evaluating the effect of doxycycline treatment on the prevention of PTOA of the knee joint after ACL/cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) injury. The search phrase used was "doxycycline cruciate ligament." Inclusion criteria were basic science and animal studies evaluating the effect of oral administration of doxycycline in ACL/CCL-deficient animals with or without a control group. RESULTS Seven studies met inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. Five studies were performed in dogs, 1 in rabbits, and 1 in mice. Overall, the effects of doxycycline treatment on the prevention of PTOA after ACL/CCL rupture/transection were mixed. In dogs, no significant effects of doxycycline treatment were found in terms of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, while a mouse study found significantly lower MMP-13 expression on the tibia in doxycycline-treated animals, suggesting that doxycycline may protect against proteoglycan loss and decrease osteoarthritis progression. Cartilage nitric oxide concentrations were lower in doxycycline-treated dogs compared with untreated dogs, suggesting decreased cartilage degradation among doxycycline-treated dogs, although there were no significant effects on cartilage stromelysin levels with no significant effects in terms of physiological remodeling or catabolism of cartilage. Bone formation or resorption was not found to be affected by doxycycline treatment. One study demonstrated a substantial beneficial effect of doxycycline on gross morphology of the medial femoral condyle. Doxycycline was found to conserve bone strain energy density and appeared to limit subchondral bone loss in 1 study. CONCLUSION Based on the limited available animal studies, doxycycline appears to demonstrate some benefits in the prevention of PTOA after ACL/CCL rupture/transection. Additional studies are needed to further characterize the potential benefits, side effects, dosage, and duration of this treatment after ACL injury in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Kraeutler
- St Joseph's University Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Paterson, New Jersey, USA
| | - Gianna M Aliberti
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Anthony J Scillia
- St Joseph's University Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Paterson, New Jersey, USA.,New Jersey Orthopaedic Institute, Wayne, New Jersey, USA
| | - Eric C McCarty
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mary K Mulcahey
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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26
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Bobman J, Mayfield CK, Bolia IK, Kang HP, Hinckel BB, Gipsman A, Hatch GFR, Heckmann N, Weber AE. Conversion rates and timing to total knee arthroplasty following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a US population-based study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2021; 32:353-362. [PMID: 33893545 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-021-02966-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To define the rate of subsequent TKA following ACLR in a large US cohort and to identify factors that influence the risk of later undergoing TKA after ACLR. METHODS The California's Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) database was queried from 2000 to 2014 to identify patients who underwent primary ACLR (ACL group). An age-and gender-matched cohort that underwent appendectomy was selected as the control group. The cumulative incidence of TKA was calculated and ten-year survival was investigated using Kaplan-Meier analysis with failure defined as conversion to arthroplasty. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to explore the risk factors for conversion to TKA following ACLR. RESULTS A total of 100,580 ACLR patients (mean age 34.48 years, 66.1%male) were matched to 100,545 patients from the general population. The ACL cohort had 1374 knee arthroplasty events; conversion rate was 0.71% at 2-year follow-up, 2.04% at 5-year follow-up, and 4.86% at 10-year follow-up. This conversion rate was higher than that of the control group at all time points, with an odds ratio of 3.44 (p<0.001) at 10-year follow-up. Decreasing survivorship following ACLR was observed with increasing age, female gender, and worker's compensation insurance, while increased survivorship was found in patients of Hispanic and Asian Pacific Islander racial heritage and those who underwent concomitant meniscal repair. CONCLUSIONS In this US statewide study, the rate of TKA after ACLR is higher than reported elsewhere, with significantly increased odds when compared to a control group. Age, gender, concomitant knee procedures and other socioeconomic factors influence the rate of conversion to TKA following ACLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Bobman
- Family Center for Sports Medicine at Keck Medicine of USA, USC Epstein, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cory K Mayfield
- Family Center for Sports Medicine at Keck Medicine of USA, USC Epstein, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ioanna K Bolia
- Family Center for Sports Medicine at Keck Medicine of USA, USC Epstein, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hyunwoo P Kang
- Family Center for Sports Medicine at Keck Medicine of USA, USC Epstein, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Aaron Gipsman
- Family Center for Sports Medicine at Keck Medicine of USA, USC Epstein, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - George F Rick Hatch
- Family Center for Sports Medicine at Keck Medicine of USA, USC Epstein, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nathanael Heckmann
- Family Center for Sports Medicine at Keck Medicine of USA, USC Epstein, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander E Weber
- Family Center for Sports Medicine at Keck Medicine of USA, USC Epstein, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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27
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Friedman JM, Su F, Zhang AL, Allen CR, Feeley BT, Souza R, Li X, Ma CB, Lansdown DA. Patient-Reported Activity Levels Correlate With Early Cartilage Degeneration After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:442-449. [PMID: 33395319 DOI: 10.1177/0363546520980431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between activity level after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) and development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) remains unclear. This study investigated the relationship of patient-reported outcomes and progressive cartilage degenerative changes at 3 years after ACLR. HYPOTHESIS Higher activity levels, as measured by Marx scores, are significantly correlated with early cartilage degeneration after ACLR. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS A total of 35 patients (16 women; mean age, 31.0 ± 7.6 years) with isolated ACLR and without pre-existing arthritis were prospectively enrolled. Patients reported Marx activity scores and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) scores and underwent T1ρ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) preoperatively, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years after ACLR with soft tissue graft (22 autograft). The change in cartilage relaxation times between preoperative and 3-year imaging was used to identify cartilage degeneration, defined as an increase in T1ρ values by 14.3%. Correlation between Marx activity levels, KOOS scores, and T1ρ degeneration was performed with the Spearman rank test. The Fisher exact test was used to test for association between Marx activity score cutoffs and degeneration. The Student t test was used to compare Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) and T1ρ relaxation times. Significance was defined as P < .05. RESULTS Sixteen patients (45.7%) showed evidence of cartilage degeneration at 3 years, most frequently in the medial compartment (n = 12; 34%). Higher Marx activity scores at 3 years correlated with cartilage degeneration in the medial femur (rho = 0.34; P = .045), and medial tibia (rho = 0.43; P = .01). A Marx score of 11 or greater at 3 years was significantly associated with medial compartment degeneration (P = .03), with a positive predictive value of 52.6%. No Marx score cutoff at years 1 or 2 predicted future cartilage degeneration. The KOOS Quality of Life score was inversely correlated with cartilage degeneration (rho = 0.38; P = .02). WORMS did not correlate with degeneration of the medial compartment. CONCLUSION Increased activity at 3 years after ACLR was significantly associated with increased risk of medial compartment PTOA. While further research is needed to fully define these relationships, patients may be counseled that return to Marx activity levels of greater than 11 may be associated with a higher risk of medial compartment cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Friedman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Favian Su
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alan L Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christina R Allen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brian T Feeley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Richard Souza
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - C Benjamin Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Drew A Lansdown
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Harato K, Kobayashi S, Toyoda T, Hasegawa T, Tsukimura Y, Niki Y. Technical Obstacles for Low-Volume Surgeons in Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. J Knee Surg 2020; 33:1238-1242. [PMID: 31284321 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1692674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A longer surgical time will lead to postoperative complications in orthopaedic surgery. According to previous reports, surgeon volume affects a surgical time in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, little attention has been paid to difference of a surgical time between high- and low-volume surgeons in ACL reconstruction. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the surgical time for both high- and low-volume surgeons and to clarify technical obstacles as well as the important technique to reduce the surgical time in ACL reconstruction. A total of 103 knees in 103 patients with ACL tear were enrolled. All the procedures were performed by 13 different surgeons. The surgeons were divided into two surgeon groups (high- and low-volume groups) based on the number of annual cases. The operative technique was divided into the same five steps to perform comparisons of step-by-step surgical time between the surgeon groups of different volumes. The statistical comparison was done between high- and low-volume groups in terms of surgical time in each step. Total operation times were 87.8 ± 17.6 and 129.9 ± 42.9 minutes in high- and low-volume group, respectively. Low-volume surgeons took much time in tendon harvesting and bone tunnel creation using arthroscopy. Low-volume surgeons took more time for primary ACL reconstruction, especially in tendon harvesting, compared with high-volume surgeons. Tendon harvesting was extremely important, as well as bone tunnel creation, for low-volume surgeons to reduce surgical time in primary ACL reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Harato
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Toyoda
- Nishi Waseda Orthopaedic Surgery, Nishiwaseda Orthopedic Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hasegawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Saitama City Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasunori Tsukimura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Niki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Kanakamedala AC, Sheean AJ, Alaia MJ, Irrgang JJ, Musahl V. Concomitant periarticular fractures predict worse patient-reported outcomes in multiligament knee injuries: a matched cohort study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2020; 140:1633-1639. [PMID: 31980877 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-020-03344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM There is a shortage of high-level evidence regarding periarticular fractures affect outcomes after MLKIs. The purpose of this study was to determine whether concomitant periarticular fractures with mutliligament knee injuries (MLKIs) predict worse patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) when compared to MLKIs without concomitant periarticular fractures after surgical repair and/or reconstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records of patients who sustained MLKIs from January 1, 2009 to June 1, 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients aged 18-65 years with grade III injuries of two or more knee ligaments and 1-year minimum follow-up were included. Patients with injuries or surgeries to either knee before their MLKIs were excluded. Radiographs and computed tomography imaging obtained at the time of injury were used to detect concomitant periarticular fractures. Patients with and without concomitant periarticular fractures were matched on a 1:2 basis, respectively. Multiple PROMs were collected, including the IKDC Subjective Knee Form (IKDC-SKF), and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). The independent t-test was used to compare PROMs between patients with and without periarticular fractures. RESULTS Eighteen patients (10 males, 8 females) with a mean follow-up of 4.0 years (range 1.1-8.6 years) were included in the final analysis, with six patients having MLKIs and concomitant periarticular fractures. Compared to patients with isolated ligamentous MLKIs (n = 12), patients with concomitant periarticular fracture (n = 6) demonstrated significantly worse outcomes on the IKDC-SKF (54.2 ± 13.3 vs. 74.0 ± 19.6, p = 0.04) and KOOS-Sports and Recreation subscale (41.2 ± 32.4 vs. 70.8 ± 19.4, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION The presence of a periarticular fracture predicted significantly worse clinical outcomes in the setting of MLKI. These findings may be useful in determining the prognosis of MLKI with concomitant periarticular fractures treated with surgical repair and/or reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay C Kanakamedala
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, 301 E 17th St, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Andrew J Sheean
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3200 S Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA
| | - Michael J Alaia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, 301 E 17th St, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - James J Irrgang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3200 S Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA
| | - Volker Musahl
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3200 S Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA.
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30
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Haselhorst A, Rho M. Musculoskeletal Issues and Care Specific to the Female Athlete. CURRENT PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40141-020-00279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Sporsheim AN, Gifstad T, Lundemo TO, Engebretsen L, Strand T, Mølster A, Drogset JO. Autologous BPTB ACL Reconstruction Results in Lower Failure Rates Than ACL Repair with and without Synthetic Augmentation at 30 Years of Follow-up: A Prospective Randomized Study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2019; 101:2074-2081. [PMID: 31800420 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.19.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the 30-year follow-up results after treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures with 3 different surgical procedures. METHODS A total of 150 patients with acute rupture of the ACL who were managed between 1986 and 1988 were randomized into 1 of 3 open repair methods: acute primary repair (n = 49), acute repair with a synthetic ligament augmentation device (LAD) (n = 50), or reconstruction with an autologous bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) graft with retention of the ACL remnants (n = 51). The 30-year follow-up included evaluation of clinical findings, the Tegner and Lysholm questionnaires, radiographic examination, and registration of revisions and knee arthroplasties. RESULTS A total of 113 patients (75%) were available for the follow-up evaluation; 39 patients were in the primary repair group, 39 in the LAD group, and 35 in the BPTB group. Through telephone calls and investigation of patient medical records, 40 of these patients were excluded from further analyses because of revision surgery, knee arthroplasty in the involved or contralateral knee, or ACL reconstruction in the contralateral knee. One patient in the BPTB group had undergone revision ACL reconstruction compared with 12 in the primary repair group (p = 0.002) and 9 in the LAD group (p = 0.015). Seven patients had undergone knee arthroplasty in the involved knee, with no significant difference among the groups. In the remaining patients, no significant differences were found among the 3 groups with regard to range of motion, laxity, or Tegner and Lysholm scores. Radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis, defined as an Ahlbäck grade of 2 through 5, was found in 42% of the operatively treated knees, with no significant differences among the groups. CONCLUSIONS In the present 30-year follow-up results of a randomized controlled study, the BPTB graft augmented with the remnants of the ruptured ligament provided superior results with regard to the number of revisions compared with both the primary repair and LAD groups. No significant differences were found with respect to range of motion, laxity, activity, function, radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis, and knee arthroplasties. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne N Sporsheim
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tone Gifstad
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trond Olav Lundemo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Engebretsen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Strand
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Haraldsplass Deacon Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Mølster
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jon Olav Drogset
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Abram SGF, Judge A, Khan T, Beard DJ, Price AJ. Rates of knee arthroplasty in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed patients: a longitudinal cohort study of 111,212 procedures over 20 years. Acta Orthop 2019; 90:568-574. [PMID: 31288595 PMCID: PMC6844427 DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2019.1639360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose - Long-term rates of knee arthroplasty in patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury who undergo ligament reconstruction (ACLr) are unclear. We determined this risk of arthroplasty through comparison with the general population.Patients and methods - All patients undergoing an ACLr in England, 1997-2017, were identified from national hospital statistics. Patients subsequently undergoing a knee arthroplasty were identified and survival analysis was performed (survival without undergoing knee arthroplasty). A Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify factors associated with knee arthroplasty. Relative risk of knee arthroplasty (total or partial) in comparison with the general population was determined.Results - 111,212 ACLr patients were eligible for analysis (mean age 29; 77% male). Overall, 0.46% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.40-0.52) ACLr patients underwent knee arthroplasty within 5 years, 0.97% (CI 0.82-1.2) within 10 years, and 1.8% (CI 1.4-2.3) within 15 years. Knee arthroplasty risk was greater in older age groups and women. In comparison with the general population, the relative risk of undergoing arthroplasty at a younger age (at time of arthroplasty) was elevated: at 30-39 years (risk ratio [RR] 20; CI 11-35), 40-49 years (RR 7.5; CI 5.5-10), and 50-59 years (RR 2.5; CI 1.8-3.5), but not 60-69 years (RR 1.7; CI 0.93-3.2).Interpretation - Patients sustaining an ACL injury who undergo ACLr are at elevated risk of subsequent knee arthroplasty in comparison with the general population. Although the absolute rate of arthroplasty is low, the risk of arthroplasty at a younger age is particularly elevated. When the outcome of shared decision-making is ACLr, this data will help inform patients and clinicians about the long-term risk of requiring knee arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon G F Abram
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK; ,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford; ,Correspondence:
| | | | - Tanvir Khan
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK; ,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford; ,Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - David J Beard
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK; ,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford;
| | - Andrew J Price
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK; ,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford;
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Yayac MF, Harrer SL, Deirmengian GK, Parvizi J, Courtney PM. Conversion Total Knee Arthroplasty is Associated with Increased Post-Acute Care Costs. J Arthroplasty 2019; 34:2855-2860. [PMID: 31337552 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2019.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternative payment models have been viewed as successfully decreasing costs following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) while maintaining quality. Concerns exist regarding access to care for patients who may utilize more resources in a bundled payment arrangement. The purpose of this study is to determine if patients undergoing conversion of prior surgery to TKA have increased costs compared to primary TKA patients. METHODS Claims from Medicare and a single private insurer were queried for all primary TKA patients at our institution from 2015 to 2016. Ninety-day post-acute care costs were compared between primary and conversion TKA. Secondary endpoints included discharge disposition, complications, and readmissions. A multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for increased post-acute care costs and short-term outcome metrics. RESULTS Of 3999 primary TKA procedures, 948 patients (23%) underwent conversion TKA. Conversion TKA was associated with greater post-acute care costs in patients with commercial insurance ($4714 vs $3759, P = .034). Among Medicare beneficiaries, prior ligament reconstruction was associated with increased post-acute care costs ($1917 increase, P = .036), while prior fracture fixation approached statistical significance ($2402 increase, P = .055). Conversion TKA was an independent risk factor for readmissions (odds ratio 1.46, 95% confidence interval 1.00-2.17, P = .050), while patients with a prior open knee procedure had higher rates of complications (odds ratio 2.41, 95% confidence interval 1.004-5.778, P = .049). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that conversion from prior knee surgery to TKA is associated with increased 90-day post-acute care costs and resource utilization, particularly prior open procedures. Without appropriate risk adjustment in alternative payment models, surgeons may be financially deterred from providing quality arthroplasty care given the reduced net payment and surgical complexity of such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Yayac
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Samantha L Harrer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory K Deirmengian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Javad Parvizi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - P Maxwell Courtney
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Yayac M, Stein J, Deirmengian GK, Parvizi J, Courtney PM. Conversion Total Knee Arthroplasty Needs Its Own Diagnosis-Related Group Code. J Arthroplasty 2019; 34:2308-2312. [PMID: 31230955 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2019.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conversion from a prior knee procedure has been demonstrated to require greater operative times and resources, but still lacks a separate procedural or facility code from primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study is to determine differences in facility costs between patients who underwent primary TKA and those who underwent conversion TKA. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of patients undergoing primary TKA at 2 hospitals from 2015 to 2017, comparing itemized facility costs between primary and conversion TKA patients. A multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for increased facility costs, the need for additional implants, length of stay, and discharge disposition. RESULTS Of 2447 TKA procedures, 678 (27.7%) underwent conversion TKA, which was associated with greater implant costs ($3931.47 vs $2864.67, P = .0120) and total facility costs in a multivariate regression ($94.30 increase, P = .0316). When controlling for confounding variables, patients with a prior ligament reconstruction ($402 increase, P = .0002) and prior open reduction and internal fixation ($847 increase, P = .0020) had higher costs and were more likely to require stemmed implants (P < .05). There was an increase in TKA implant cost by $538 in patients with implants from a prior procedure (P < .0001). CONCLUSION Conversion TKA is associated with greater implant and inpatient facility costs than primary TKA, particularly those who had a history of an open knee procedure. A separate diagnosis-related group should be created for conversion TKA given the increased cost and complexity of these procedures compared to primary TKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Yayac
- The Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jonah Stein
- The Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Javad Parvizi
- The Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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Abram SGF, Judge A, Beard DJ, Carr AJ, Price AJ. Long-term rates of knee arthroplasty in a cohort of 834 393 patients with a history of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. Bone Joint J 2019; 101-B:1071-1080. [DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.101b9.bjj-2019-0335.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Aims The aim of this study was to determine the long-term risk of undergoing knee arthroplasty in a cohort of patients with meniscal tears who had undergone arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM). Patients and Methods A retrospective national cohort of patients with a history of isolated APM was identified over a 20-year period. Patients with prior surgery to the same knee were excluded. The primary outcome was knee arthroplasty. Hazard ratios (HRs) were adjusted by patient age, sex, year of APM, Charlson comorbidity index, regional deprivation, rurality, and ethnicity. Risk of arthroplasty in the index knee was compared with the patient’s contralateral knee (with vs without a history of APM). A total of 834 393 patients were included (mean age 50 years; 37% female). Results Of those with at least 15 years of follow-up, 13.49% (16 256/120 493; 95% confidence interval (CI) 13.30 to 13.69) underwent subsequent arthroplasty within this time. In women, 22.07% (95% CI 21.64 to 22.51) underwent arthroplasty within 15 years compared with 9.91% of men (95% CI 9.71 to 10.12), corresponding to a risk ratio (RR) of 2.23 (95% CI 2.16 to 2.29). Relative to the general population, patients with a history of APM were over ten times more likely (RR 10.27; 95% CI 10.07 to 10.47) to undergo arthroplasty rising to almost 40 times more likely (RR 39.62; 95% CI 27.68 to 56.70) at a younger age (30 to 39 years). In patients with a history of APM in only one knee, the risk of arthroplasty in that knee was greatly elevated in comparison with the contralateral knee (no APM; HR 2.99; 95% CI 2.95 to 3.02). Conclusion Patients developing a meniscal tear undergoing APM are at greater risk of knee arthroplasty than the general population. This risk is three-times greater in the patient’s affected knee than in the contralateral knee. Women in the cohort were at double the risk of progressing to knee arthroplasty compared with men. These important new reference data will inform shared decision making and enhance approaches to treatment, prevention, and clinical surveillance. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1071–1080.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon G. F. Abram
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Judge
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - David J. Beard
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J. Carr
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J. Price
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
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Chaudhry ZS, Salem HS, Purtill JJ, Hammoud S. Does Prior Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Affect Outcomes of Subsequent Total Knee Arthroplasty? A Systematic Review. Orthop J Sports Med 2019; 7:2325967119857551. [PMID: 31321251 PMCID: PMC6628531 DOI: 10.1177/2325967119857551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Anterior cruciate ligament injury may accelerate knee osteoarthritis, and
patients with a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR)
tend to undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA) at a greater rate than
patients without a history of ACLR. Purpose: To compare clinical outcomes of TKA in patients with and without a history of
ACLR through a systematic review. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A comprehensive search of the PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane Central, and
SPORTDiscus databases from inception through November 2018 was performed to
identify studies directly comparing outcomes of TKA between patients with
and without a history of ipsilateral ACLR. Eligible studies were included in
this review if they reported at least 1 outcome measure. Results: Included for review were 5 retrospective case-control studies collectively
evaluating TKA outcomes in 318 patients (176 males, 142 females) with a
history of ACLR and 455 matched controls. The mean age in the ACLR and
control groups was 58.5 years and 60.9 years, respectively. The mean
follow-up period after arthroplasty was 3.4 years in the ACLR group and 3.3
years in the control group. The mean time between ACLR and arthroplasty was
21.8 years. Three studies noted greater operative time in the ACLR group
than in the control group. No differences in intraoperative blood loss were
reported. Greater preoperative extension deficits were noted in the ACLR
group in 2 studies. Two studies reported increased preoperative Knee Society
Score function scores in the ACLR group, but no differences in postoperative
subjective outcome scores were noted in any of the studies. One study
reported increased incidence of periprosthetic joint infection and a higher
total reoperation rate in the ACLR group, and another study reported an
increased incidence of manipulation under anesthesia in the ACLR group. Conclusion: Short- and midterm subjective scores and functional outcomes of TKA appear to
be comparable in patients with and without a history of ACLR, although the
risk for reoperation after TKA may be greater in patients with prior ACLR.
Surgeons should anticipate increased operative time in patients with a
history of ACLR. However, the findings of this review must be interpreted
within the context of its limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira S Chaudhry
- Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hytham S Salem
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - James J Purtill
- Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sommer Hammoud
- Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Conversion Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Distinct Surgical Procedure With Increased Resource Utilization. J Arthroplasty 2019; 34:S114-S120. [PMID: 30824294 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2019.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current Procedural Terminology coding currently makes no distinction between primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and conversion TKA, in which periarticular hardware components must be removed prior to or during TKA. We hypothesize that conversion TKA will carry increased operative time, blood loss, postoperative complications, and 90-day emergency department/readmission rate compared to primary TKA. METHODS Patients undergoing conversion TKA from 2005 to 2017 were identified from an institutional database and matched to primary TKA patients by age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, body mass index, and procedure date (±1 year). Intraoperative data and 90-day postoperative complications were compared between groups. RESULTS One hundred nine conversion TKA patients with periarticular hardware were removed prior to (n = 51) or during (n = 58) TKA and 109 primary TKA control patients were included. Conversion TKA was associated with increased tourniquet time (91 vs 71 minutes, P < .001), operative time (147 vs 113 minutes, P < .001), blood loss (225 vs 176 mL, P = .010), 90-day readmissions (14.6% vs 4.2%, P = .020), wound complication (5.6% vs 0.0%, P = .025), periprosthetic joint infection (7.9% vs 0.0%, P = .005), irrigation/debridement (9.0% vs 1.1%, P = .016), and a trend toward increased mechanical complication (6.7% vs 1.1%, P = .058). Timing of hardware removal did not affect intraoperative or postoperative outcomes. CONCLUSION Conversion TKA is associated with higher operative time, blood loss, readmission rate, and postoperative complications compared to primary TKA. Without a proper billing code and appropriate reimbursement level to match the expected operative and postacute resource utilization by these cases, physicians may be disincentivized to perform these operations.
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Poulsen E, Goncalves GH, Bricca A, Roos EM, Thorlund JB, Juhl CB. Knee osteoarthritis risk is increased 4-6 fold after knee injury - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2019; 53:1454-1463. [PMID: 31072840 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate knee osteoarthritis (OA) risk following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), meniscus or combined ACL and meniscus injury. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Embase, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL and Web of Science until November 2018. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Prospective or retrospective studies with at least 2-year follow-up including adults with ACL injury, meniscal injury or combined injuries. Knee OA was defined by radiographs or clinical diagnosis and compared with the contralateral knee or non-injured controls. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS Risk of bias was assessed using the SIGN50 checklist. ORs for developing knee OA were estimated using random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS 53 studies totalling ∼1 million participants were included: 185 219 participants with ACL injury, mean age 28 years, 35% females, 98% surgically reconstructed; 83 267 participants with meniscal injury, mean age 38 years, 36% females, 22% confirmed meniscectomy and 73% unknown; 725 362 participants with combined injury, mean age 31 years, 26% females, 80% treated surgically. The OR of developing knee OA were 4.2 (95% CI 2.2 to 8.0; I2=92%), 6.3 (95% CI 3.8 to 10.5; I2=95%) and 6.4 (95% CI 4.9 to 8.3; I2=62%) for patients with ACL injury, meniscal injury and combined injuries, respectively. CONCLUSION The odds of developing knee OA following ACL injury are approximately four times higher compared with a non-injured knee. A meniscal injury and a combined injury affecting both the ACL and meniscus are associated with six times higher odds compared with a non-injured knee. Large inconsistency (eg, study design, follow-up period and comparator) and few high-quality studies suggest that future studies may change these estimates. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Patients sustaining a major knee injury have a substantially increased risk of developing knee OA, highlighting the importance of knee injury prevention programmes and secondary prevention strategies to prevent or delay knee OA development.PROSPERO registration number CRD42015016900.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Poulsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Glaucia H Goncalves
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Alessio Bricca
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Ewa M Roos
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jonas B Thorlund
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Carsten B Juhl
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Occupational and Physical Therapy, Gentofte and Herlev Hospitals, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Distal Femoral Replacement Following an Intraoperative Periprosthetic Fracture in a Patient with Prior Bone Mulch ACL Reconstruction. Case Rep Orthop 2019; 2019:6213807. [PMID: 31049236 PMCID: PMC6462322 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6213807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periprosthetic distal femur fractures can be treated nonoperatively, with open reduction and internal fixation or with more constrained prostheses. Distal femoral replacement is typically a last resort treatment option for comminuted periprosthetic or osteoporotic distal femoral fractures in patients with poor bone stock or resistant nonunions. We report the case of a 54-year-old female with a remote history of bone mulch ACL reconstruction who sustained an intraoperative comminuted bicondylar distal femur fracture during a primary total knee arthroplasty. This patient was treated with a distal femoral replacement and successfully returned to her preoperative function.
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Houck DA, Kraeutler MJ, McCarty EC, Frank RM, Bravman JT. "Doctor, What Happens After My Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction?". J Bone Joint Surg Am 2019; 101:372-379. [PMID: 30801380 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.18.00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Darby A Houck
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Matthew J Kraeutler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Joseph's University Medical Center, Paterson, New Jersey
| | - Eric C McCarty
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rachel M Frank
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jonathan T Bravman
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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Lin CY, Casey E, Herman DC, Katz N, Tenforde AS. Sex Differences in Common Sports Injuries. PM R 2018; 10:1073-1082. [PMID: 29550413 PMCID: PMC6138566 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Common sports injuries include bone stress injuries (BSIs), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, and concussions. Less commonly recognized are the specific sex differences in epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes of these conditions by sex. An understanding of these factors can improve their clinical management, from prescribing appropriate prehabilitation to guiding postinjury rehabilitation and return to play. This narrative review summarizes the sex differences in the diagnosis and management of BSIs, ACL injuries, and concussions. Although BSIs are more common in female athletes, risk factors for both sexes include prior injury and relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S). Risk factors in female athletes include smaller calf girth, femoral adduction, and higher rates of loading. Female athletes are also at greater risk for developing ACL injuries in high school and college, but their injury rate is similar in professional sports. Increased lateral tibial slope, smaller ACL size, and suboptimal landing mechanics are additional risk factors more often present in female athletes. Male athletes are more likely to have ACL surgery and have a higher rate of return to sport. Concussions occur more commonly in female athletes; however, female athletes are also more likely to report concussions. Male athletes more commonly sustain concussion through contact with another player. Female athletes more commonly sustain injury from contact with playing equipment. Managing post-concussion symptoms is important, and female athletes may have prolonged symptoms. An understanding of the sex-specific differences in these common sports injuries can help optimize their prehabilitation and rehabilitation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Y Lin
- Husky Stadium Sports Medicine Center, University of Washington Medical Center, 3800 Montlake Blvd NE, Seattle, WA 98195
| | | | | | - Nicole Katz
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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Prior Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Effects on Future Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2018; 33:2821-2826. [PMID: 29731267 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of prior anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction on total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has rarely been studied. The objective of this study was to compare intraoperative characteristics in patients who underwent TKA with pre-existing hardware from prior ACL reconstruction with a matched cohort control group. METHODS A retrospective study of patients who had undergone primary TKA with pre-existing hardware from prior ACL reconstruction was performed from June 2012 through June 2017. These patients were 2-to-1 matched to the ACL group based on similar patient demographic and provider variables. Outcomes investigated included operative time, estimated blood loss (EBL), and postoperative complications. RESULTS One hundred one patients met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The mean age was 54 ± 9 years, and the mean body mass index was 32.6 ± 6.5 kg/m2. The ACL group was divided into 4 subgroups: group 1, no pre-existing hardware removed (22 TKAs); group 2, pre-existing hardware removed from the femur only (8 TKAs); group 3, pre-existing hardware removed from the tibia only (45 TKAs); and group 4, pre-existing hardware removed from both the femur and tibia (26 TKAs). There was no statistical difference in EBL and postoperative complication between the ACL group and controls. Statistical differences were detected between 2 subgroups regarding mean operative time variables: ACL group 3 (74 ± 23 minutes; control: 64 ± 21 minutes, P = .020) and group 4 (79 ± 24 minutes; control: 65 ± 19 minutes, P = .010). CONCLUSION Hardware retained, especially on the tibia, from prior ACL reconstruction has a major impact on TKA surgical procedure operative time but not on EBL and/or complications.
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Lizaur-Utrilla A, Martinez-Mendez D, Gonzalez-Parreño S, Marco-Gomez L, Miralles Muñoz FA, Lopez-Prats FA. Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients With Prior Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. J Arthroplasty 2018; 33:2141-2145. [PMID: 29555495 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2018.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have analyzed the outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with prior anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, and the reported outcomes are controversial. The purpose of this study is to assess if prior ACL reconstruction had any impact on the outcome of subsequent TKA. METHODS A matched case-control study was conducted in patients who underwent TKA, including 37 with prior ACL reconstruction and 37 patients without ACL reconstruction. Preoperative and postoperative clinical and radiological data were collected from a prospective arthroplasty database with a minimum follow-up of 5 years. The mean age was 69.6 years, and 59.4% were men. The Knee Society scores, Short Form-12, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities questionnaires were used for functional evaluations. Visual analogue scale 0-10 was used for patient satisfaction. RESULTS The mean follow-up after TKA was 6.1 (range 5-7.3) years. Two patients in the ACL group developed knee stiffness requiring manipulation under anesthesia, while 1 patient in the control group suffered superficial wound infection. At last follow-up, no significant differences in functional or radiologic outcomes were found between both groups. The performance of TKA in ACL patients had increased technical difficulty and significantly longer time of surgery, but this had no influence on the outcomes. In the ACL group, 24 knees had technical difficulty in surgery. The main difficulty in most ACL patients was due to varus deformity and increased retraction of the medial soft structures which required progressive medial release. Other 2 knees had difficult knee exposure. One was an unexpected partial patellar tendon avulsion and the other required planned quadriceps snip. CONCLUSION TKA was an effective procedure for patients with prior ACL reconstruction. The surgeon should be warned of the possible difficulties in the knee exposure and possible need of medial release to obtain an appropriate ligament balance. However, these additional procedures had no negative effect on the outcomes of TKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Lizaur-Utrilla
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Elda University Hospital, Elda, Alicante, Spain; Traumatology and Orthopaedia, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan, Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | - Luis Marco-Gomez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Elda University Hospital, Elda, Alicante, Spain
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Maslaris A, Brinkmann O, Bungartz M, Krettek C, Jagodzinski M, Liodakis E. Management of knee dislocation prior to ligament reconstruction: What is the current evidence? Update of a universal treatment algorithm. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2018; 28:1001-1015. [PMID: 29470650 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-018-2148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic knee dislocation is a rare but potentially limb-threatening injury. Thus proper initial diagnosis and treatment up to final ligament reconstruction are extremely important and a precondition to successful outcomes. Reports suggest that evidence-based systematic approaches lead to better results. Because of the complexity of this injury and the inhomogeneity of related literature, there are still various controversies and knowledge gaps regarding decision-making and step-sequencing in the treatment of acute multi-ligament knee injuries and knee dislocations. The use of ankle-brachial index, routine or selective angiography, braces, joint-spanning or dynamic external fixation, and the necessity of initial ligament re-fixation during acute surgery constitutes current topics of a scholarly debate. The aim of this article was to provide a comprehensive literature review bringing light into some important aspects about the initial treatment of knee dislocation (vascular injury, neural injury, immobilization techniques) and finally develop an accurate data-based universal algorithm, enabling attending physicians to become more acquainted with the management of acute knee dislocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Maslaris
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rudolf-Elle-Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Campus Eisenberg, Klostersnitzer Straße 81, 07607, Eisenberg, Germany.
| | - Olaf Brinkmann
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rudolf-Elle-Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Campus Eisenberg, Klostersnitzer Straße 81, 07607, Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Bungartz
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rudolf-Elle-Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Campus Eisenberg, Klostersnitzer Straße 81, 07607, Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Christian Krettek
- Trauma Department, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Jagodzinski
- Trauma Department, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Emmanouil Liodakis
- Trauma Department, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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45
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Khan T, Alvand A, Prieto-Alhambra D, Culliford DJ, Judge A, Jackson WF, Scammell BE, Arden NK, Price AJ. ACL and meniscal injuries increase the risk of primary total knee replacement for osteoarthritis: a matched case-control study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). Br J Sports Med 2018; 53:965-968. [PMID: 29331994 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-097762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate whether ACL injury (ACLi) or meniscal injury increases the risk of end-stage osteoarthritis (OA) resulting in total knee replacement (TKR). METHODS A matched case-control study of all TKRs performed in the UK between January 1990 and July 2011 and recorded in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) was undertaken. The CPRD contains longitudinal data on approximately 3.6 million patients. Two controls were selected for each case of TKR, matched on age, sex and general practitioner location as a proxy for socioeconomic status. Individuals with inflammatory arthritis were excluded. The odds of having TKR for individuals with a CPRD-recorded ACLi were compared with those without ACLi using conditional logistic regression, after adjustment for body mass index, previous knee fracture and meniscal injury. The adjusted odds of TKR in individuals with a recorded meniscal injury compared with those without were calculated. RESULTS After exclusion of individuals with inflammatory arthritis, there were 49 723 in the case group and 104 353 controls. 153 (0.31%) cases had a history of ACLi compared with 41 (0.04%) controls. The adjusted OR of TKR after ACLi was 6.96 (95% CI 4.73 to 10.31). 4217 (8.48%) individuals in the TKR group had a recorded meniscal injury compared with 669 (0.64%) controls. The adjusted OR of TKR after meniscal injury was 15.24 (95% CI 13.88 to 16.69). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that ACLi is associated with a sevenfold increased odds of TKR resulting from OA. Meniscal injury is associated with a 15-fold increase odds of TKR for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Khan
- Academic Orthopaedics, Trauma and Sports Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Abtin Alvand
- NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - David J Culliford
- NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research (CLAHRC) Wessex, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Andrew Judge
- NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - William F Jackson
- NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Brigitte E Scammell
- Academic Orthopaedics, Trauma and Sports Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nigel K Arden
- NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Andrew James Price
- NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Lakin BA, Snyder BD, Grinstaff MW. Assessing Cartilage Biomechanical Properties: Techniques for Evaluating the Functional Performance of Cartilage in Health and Disease. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2017; 19:27-55. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071516-044525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Lakin
- Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Brian D. Snyder
- Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Orthopedic Center, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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47
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Increased Risk of Revision, Reoperation, and Implant Constraint in TKA After Multiligament Knee Surgery. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2017; 475:1618-1626. [PMID: 28091802 PMCID: PMC5406333 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-017-5230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of major complications and revision arthroplasty after TKA in patients who previously underwent multiligament knee surgery have been poorly characterized. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES Is multiligament knee surgery before TKA associated with (1) worse implant survival, (2) increased use of TKA design constraint, (3) a greater risk for major complications, and (4) poorer scores for pain and function compared with similar patients receiving TKA for primary osteoarthritis? METHODS Fifty-nine TKAs were performed at our institution between 1985 and 2014 in 59 patients (36 men, 23 women; mean age, 53 years) with a history of previous multiligament knee surgery (≥ two ligaments). Of those, we had followup for 39 (66%), 18 (31%), and six (10%) patients at 5, 10, and 15 years, respectively; mean followup was 5.4 years (range, 1-25 years). A two-to-one matched control group consisting of patients undergoing primary TKA for the diagnosis of osteoarthritis was selected for comparison. Patients were matched based on gender, age at primary TKA (within 5 years), and date of the TKA (within 5 years). Medical records were reviewed for survivorship, TKA design, complications (reoperation, revision, infection, manipulation under anesthesia, and periprosthetic joint infection), TKA design, and clinical outcomes (Knee Society Scores [KSS], Knee Society Function Score [KSS-F]). RESULTS The overall 15-year revision-free survival in patients with prior multiligament knee surgery was decreased in comparison to the matched controls (42% [95% CI, 16%-73%] vs 94% [95% CI, 81%-99%]; p < 0.001). Varus-valgus constraint implant design was used for more patients in the multiligament cohort at index TKA than in the matched control group (9/59 [15%] vs 0/110 [0%], respectively; odds ratio [OR], 45; 95% CI, 3-781; p = 0.009). Patients with a history of multiligament knee surgery also were at increased risk of reoperation for any cause (14/59 [24%] vs 7/118 [6%]; OR, 5; 95% CI, 2-14; p = 0.001). With the numbers available, there was no difference in the frequency of manipulation under anesthesia after TKA (10% [6/59] versus 3% [4/118]; p = 0.08) A higher proportion of patients in the multiligament cohort had infections develop compared with the matched controls (4/59 [7%] vs 1/118 [< 1%)], respectively; p = 0.04). There was no difference in the KSS improvement after TKA between the multiligament group and the control group (34 ± 18 vs 28 ± 15; p = 0.088). The final KSS and KSS-F scores likewise showed no difference between those groups (88 ± 13 vs 85 ± 10; p = 0.232) (85 ± 17 vs 84 ± 14; p = 0.75). CONCLUSIONS A history of multiligament surgery is associated with lower long-term survivorship, higher use of constrained TKA designs, and higher risk of major complications, including reoperation and infection. Further research is necessary to determine if a particular multiligamentous surgical technique can prevent posttraumatic arthritis and TKA complications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, therapeutic study.
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48
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Lin SH, Wang TC, Lai CF, Tsai RY, Yang CP, Wong CS. Association of anterior cruciate ligament injury with knee osteoarthritis and total knee replacement: A retrospective cohort study from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178292. [PMID: 28558029 PMCID: PMC5448760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to support the potential protective role of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction against the development of osteoarthritis (OA). Methods In this retrospective cohort study, the long-term results of ACL reconstruction in Taiwan were evaluated based on data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). In total, 8,769 eligible cases were included from 11,921 ACL-injured patients. The cumulative incidence rates of OA and total knee replacement (TKR) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of OA. Results There was a lower cumulative incidence of OA among ACL-reconstructed patients (271, 33.1%) than among non-reconstructed patients (1,874, 40.3%; p < 0.001). Patients who underwent ACL reconstruction had a lower cumulative incidence of TKR during the follow-up period (0.6%) than the non-reconstructed patients (4.6%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for covariates, ACL-injured patients who underwent reconstruction within one month after ACL injury showed a significantly lower risk of OA than those who never underwent reconstruction (adjusted HR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.69–0.99). Conclusions These results indicate that ACL reconstruction might not provide complete protection from OA development after traumatic knee injury but does yield a lower cumulative incidence of OA development and TKR. Moreover, based on the present study, ACL-injured patients should undergo reconstruction as early as possible (within one month) to lower the risk of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hsiung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chuan Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Fu Lai
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Yin Tsai
- Department of Nursing, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ping Yang
- Division of Anesthesiology, Armed Forces Taoyuan General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Shung Wong
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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The effect of patient, provider and surgical factors on survivorship of high tibial osteotomy to total knee arthroplasty: a population-based study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2017; 25:887-894. [PMID: 26537595 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-015-3849-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to identify the survivorship of high tibial osteotomy (HTO) to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) on a population level, and identify the patient, provider and surgical factors that influenced eventual TKA. METHODS Administrative records from physician billings and hospital admissions were used to identify all adults in Ontario, Canada, who underwent an HTO from 1994 to 2010. The primary outcome was time to TKA, which was estimated using Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis. A Cox proportional hazards model examined the risk associated with patient factors (age, sex, income and co-morbidity score), provider factors (hospital status, surgeon volume and surgeon year in practice) and surgical factors (concurrent ligament reconstruction or bone grafting; and previous chondral or meniscal surgery). RESULTS A total of 2671 patients who underwent HTO met inclusion. The median age was 46 years (interquartile range 39-53 years), and 62 % were male. The KM survivorship of HTO to TKA at 10 years was 0.67 ± 0.01. Older age [HR 1.05 (95 % CI 1.04, 1.06), p < 0.001; 5 % increased risk for each year over age 46], female sex [HR 1.35 (95 % CI 1.17, 1.55), p < 0.001], higher comorbidity score [HR 1.58 (95 % CI 1.12, 2.22), p = 0.009] and a prior history of arthroscopy/meniscectomy [HR 1.24 (95 % CI 1.08, 1.43), p = 0.002] increased the risk of eventual TKA. However, HTO with concurrent ligament reconstruction was associated with lower [HR 0.62 (95 % CI 0.43, 0.88), p = 0.008] risk of eventual TKA. CONCLUSION In this population, two-thirds of patients were able to avoid a TKA for 10 years after HTO. Specific factors such as older age, female sex, higher comorbidity and prior meniscectomy lowered survival rates. An understanding of patient risk factors for conversion to TKA may help guide surgeons in their selection of patients who will benefit most from HTO. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Retrospective cohort study, III.
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50
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Watters TS, Zhen Y, Martin JR, Levy DL, Jennings JM, Dennis DA. Total Knee Arthroplasty After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Not Just a Routine Primary Arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2017; 99:185-189. [PMID: 28145948 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.16.00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the success of restoring joint stability and improving early functional outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, the long-term risk of developing symptomatic osteoarthritis requiring total knee arthroplasty is higher than that in the uninjured population. The purpose of this study was to compare operative characteristics and early outcomes of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty after ACL reconstruction with those of a matched cohort of control subjects with primary osteoarthritis and no history of ligament reconstruction. METHODS All patients who had undergone total knee arthroplasty from 2005 to 2013 at our institution with a history of ACL reconstruction and a minimum 2-year follow-up were identified from a prospective research database. These patients were matched by demographic and surgeon variables to patients who had not undergone prior ACL reconstruction. Outcomes included Knee Society Scores (KSS), range of motion, operative variables, complications, and reoperations. RESULTS A cohort of 122 patients was identified as the ACL study group and was compared with the matched control cohort. The mean age at the time of the surgical procedure was 58 years, and 55% of the patients were male. The mean follow-up was 3.3 years in the ACL group and 3.0 years in the control group. There was no significant difference in the latest KSS outcomes between groups postoperatively (p > 0.05). Although preoperative flexion was significantly lower (p = 0.01) in the ACL group (119°) than in the control group (123°), there was no difference between groups postoperatively. Fifty percent (61 of 122) of patients in the ACL group required implant removal at the time of total knee arthroplasty. The operative time was significantly longer (p < 0.001) in the ACL group (88 minutes) compared with the control group (73 minutes). There were a total of 11 reoperations in the ACL group, including 4 for periprosthetic infection, whereas there were only 2 reoperations in the control group. The risk of reoperation in the ACL group was more than 5 times higher than in the control group (relative risk, 5.5 [95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 24.3]; p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The results of this retrospective matched cohort study suggest that prior ACL reconstruction results in longer operative time and increased risk of early reoperation after total knee arthroplasty. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Steven Watters
- 1Colorado Joint Replacement, Porter Adventist Hospital, Denver, Colorado 2Bone and Joint Department, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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