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Dong P, Huang J, Deng X, Yang H, Luo C. The drainage volume control by elevation of drainage height versus head down tilt in supine position for management of cerebrospinal fluid leakage following lumbar posterior surgery. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:910. [PMID: 39543599 PMCID: PMC11566189 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-08040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 11/07/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical outcomes of control of drainage volume through either elevating the drainage height or tilting the head down in a supine position for the management of cerebrospinal fluid leakage (CSFL) following posterior lumbar surgery. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted to review the data of patients who underwent lumbar spine surgery at a single hospital over a 4-year period from January 2020 to December 2023. Postoperative CSFL and complications were recorded. All patients with CSFL were managed with bed rest, a 20-30° head-down tilt position, or a drainage system elevated by 10 cm, along with subfascial drains, for a duration of 3 days. The clinical outcomes of drainage volume control were compared between the elevation of the drainage system and the head-down tilt position in the supine posture. RESULTS The incidence of CSFL after lumbar surgeries was 1.2% (84 out of 7,284 cases). None of the CSFL patients experienced significant complications or required reoperation. When compared to the traditional Trendelenburg position, elevating the drainage height reduced the incidence of headache and dizziness, as well as shortened the time to ambulation, postoperative defecation time, and postoperative hospital stay, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Postoperative drainage volume control using the Trendelenburg position or elevation of the drainage height is both safe and effective for the management of CSFL. The method involving a 10 cm elevation of the drainage system appears to be an easier and more clinically acceptable approach for the nursing care of CSFL following posterior lumbar surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xu Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Hongli Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Chunmei Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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Zhao R, Li N, Zhang J, Luo X, Zhang X. Endoscopic double line suture repair technique for repairing Iatrogenic dural tear: a technical case report. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2024; 33:4397-4403. [PMID: 38937350 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-024-08383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Introducing a suture repair technology, endoscopic double line suture repair technique, for iatrogenic dural injury during Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy (PELD) surgery. METHODS A patient with dural injury and cauda equina herniation during PELD surgery was treated with endoscopic double line suture repair technique. RESULTS A patient with dural injury and cauda equina nerve herniation during PELD surgery was successfully treated using double-line suture technique. After the repair, no obvious cerebrospinal fluid leakage and cauda equina nerve re-herniation was seen. During the postoperative observation period, the wound healed well and there were no complications related to cerebrospinal leakage. During the follow-up period (1 year), the patient reported significant symptom relief and no complications. CONCLUSION This novel dural repair technology is safe and effective and can be used to treat dural injuries during PELD surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhan Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ningdao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoji Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China.
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China.
| | - Xifeng Zhang
- Minimally invasive spine center, Beijing Aiyuhua Hospital, Economic and Technological Development Area, Beijing, 100176, P.R. China.
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Argiti K, Watzlawick R, Hohenhaus M, Vasilikos I, Volz F, Roelz R, Scholz C, Hubbe U, Beck J, Neef M, Klingler JH. Minimally invasive tubular removal of spinal schwannoma and neurofibroma - a case series of 49 patients and review of the literature. Neurosurg Rev 2024; 47:418. [PMID: 39123090 PMCID: PMC11315786 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-024-02656-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive tubular removal of spinal schwannoma and neurofibroma. In this single-centre study, we retrospectively analysed 49 consecutive patients who underwent minimally invasive removal of a total of 51 benign spinal nerve sheath tumors using a non-expandable (n = 18) or expandable tubular retractor (n = 33) retractor system between June 2007 and December 2019. The extent of resection, surgical complications, neurological outcome, operative time, and estimated blood loss were recorded. Histopathology revealed 41 schwannomas and 10 neurofibromas. After a mean follow-up of 30.8 months, postoperative MRI showed gross total resection in 93.7%, and subtotal resection in 6.3% of the tumors. Three patients were lost to follow up. Of the subtotal resections, one was a schwannoma (2.4% subtotal resections in schwannomas) and two were neurofibromas (20.0% subtotal resections in neurofibromas). Intraspinal and paraspinal tumor localizations were equally accessible by minimally invasive tubular surgery. Conversion to open surgery was not required in any case. The mean operative time was 167 ± 68 min, and estimated blood loss was 138 ± 145 ml. We observed no major surgical complications. Spinal schwannoma and neurofibroma can be removed effectively and safely using a minimally invasive tubular approach, with satisfying extent of tumor resection comparable to the conventional open surgical technique and no increased risk for neurological deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Argiti
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 64, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Ralf Watzlawick
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 64, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marc Hohenhaus
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 64, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ioannis Vasilikos
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 64, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Volz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 64, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Roelz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 64, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Scholz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 64, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hubbe
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 64, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Beck
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 64, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Neef
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 64, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan-Helge Klingler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 64, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
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Prasse T, Heck VJ, Leyendecker J, Hofstetter CP, Kernich N, Eysel P, Bredow J. Economic Implications of Dural Tears in Lumbar Microdiscectomies: A Retrospective, Observational Study. World Neurosurg 2024; 188:e18-e24. [PMID: 38631663 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dural tears (DTs) are a frequent complication after lumbar spine surgery. We sought to determine the incidence of DTs and the related impact on health care expenditures after lumbar discectomies. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, all patients with first-time single-level lumbar discectomies at our institution who underwent minimally invasive surgery from 2015 to 2019 were reviewed. Age, sex, weight, height, body mass index, costs, revenues, length of stay, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and operative time (OT) were assessed. Exclusion criteria were age <18 years, previous spine surgery, multiple or traumatic disc herniations, and malignant and infectious diseases. RESULTS The follow-up time was at least 12 months postoperatively. Of 358 patients identified with lumbar discectomies, 230 met the inclusion criteria. Incidence of DTs was 3.5%. Mean costs (P < 0.001), economic loss (P < 0.01), and OT (P < 0.0001) were found to be significantly higher in the DT group compared with the control group of patients without a DT. The revenues were not statistically different between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). Further analysis of the control group by profit and loss revealed significantly higher body mass index (P < 0.05), length of stay (P < 0.0001), and OT (P < 0.0001) in the loss group. CONCLUSIONS DTs represent a significant socioeconomic burden in lumbar spine surgery and cause severe secondary complications. The impact of DTs on health care expenses is primarily based on significantly higher OT and a higher mean length of stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Prasse
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | - Vincent J Heck
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jannik Leyendecker
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Nikolaus Kernich
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peer Eysel
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Bredow
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Krankenhaus Porz am Rhein, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Kögl N, Thomé C, Gindlhuber K, Dazinger F, Gizewski E, Kiechl S, Petr O. Sacral fracture associated with a Tarlov cyst causing an anterior sacral CSF fistula and intraventricular fat emboli - a case report and review of the literature. Br J Neurosurg 2024; 38:591-595. [PMID: 34397315 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2021.1940848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sacral fractures are rare and either associated with high-energy trauma or osteoporosis in most cases. A search of the current literature on sacral fractures and cerebrospinal fluid fistula identified only few cases. Pathological fractures are uncommon and exceedingly rare in case of Tarlov cysts. Sacral fractures can be missed in oligosymptomatic patients. However, severe complications may emerge as shown by this case report. METHODS We present the case of a pathological sacral fracture at the level S2/3 following a low-impact trauma, associated with a Tarlov cyst, which was complicated by an anterior CSF fistula and intraventricular fat emboli. RESULTS The patient was treated conservatively with strict bedrest and a CT-guided blood patch. Postponed mobilization was successful with decreasing orthostatic symptoms. Follow-up MRI and CT imaging showed a complete resolution of the ventral CSF fistula and ossification of the fracture. The intraventricular fat did not resolve, however, there was no radiological sign of hydrocephalus with excellent clinical outcome at 6-months follow-up. CONCLUSION Although exceedingly rare, sacral Tarlov cysts may be associated with pathological fractures of the sacrum. Relevant complications can emerge and need to be properly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Kögl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudius Thomé
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karin Gindlhuber
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Dazinger
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elke Gizewski
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ondra Petr
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Albayar A, Spadola M, Blue R, Saylany A, Dagli MM, Santangelo G, Wathen C, Ghenbot Y, Macaluso D, Ali ZS, Ozturk AK, Welch WC. Incidental Durotomy Repair in Lumbar Spine Surgery: Institutional Experience and Review of Literature. Global Spine J 2024; 14:1316-1327. [PMID: 36426799 PMCID: PMC11289568 DOI: 10.1177/21925682221141368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN : Retrospective Chart Review. OBJECTIVES Incidental durotomies (IDs) are common spine surgery complications. In this study, we present a review on the most commonly utilized management strategies, report our institutional experience with case examples, and describe a stepwise management algorithm. METHODS A retrospective review was performed of the electronic medical records of all patients who underwent a thoracolumbar or lumbar spine surgery between March 2017 and September 2019. Additionally, a literature review of the current management approaches to treat IDs and persistent postoperative CSF leaks following lumbar spine surgeries was performed. RESULTS We looked at 1133 patients that underwent posterior thoracolumbar spine surgery. There was intraoperative evidence of ID in 116 cases. Based on our cohort and the current literature, we developed a progressive treatment algorithm for IDs that begins with a primary repair, which can be bolstered by dural sealants or a muscle patch. If this fails, the primary repair can be followed by a paraspinal muscle flap, as well as a lumbar drain. If the patient cannot be weaned from temporary CSF diversion, the final step in controlling postoperative leak is longterm CSF diversion via a lumboperitoneal shunt. In our experience, these shunts can be weaned once the patient has no further clinical or radiographic signs of CSF leak. CONCLUSIONS There is no standardized management approach of IDs and CSF leaks in the literature. This article intends to provide a progressive treatment algorithm and contribute to the development process of a treatment consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Albayar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Spadola
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Blue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anissa Saylany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mert Marcel Dagli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gabrielle Santangelo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Connor Wathen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yohannes Ghenbot
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dominick Macaluso
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zarina S. Ali
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ali K. Ozturk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William C. Welch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Ahmady AA, Butt BB, Muscateli S, Aleem IS. Intraoperative and Postoperative Management of Incidental Durotomies During Open Degenerative Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review. Clin Spine Surg 2024; 37:49-55. [PMID: 36727881 DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0000000000001426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Incidental durotomy is a common intraoperative complication of lumbar spine surgery. Intra and postoperative protocols in the management of this common complication vary considerably, with no consensus in the literature. OBJECTIVE To systematically review (1) lumbar dural repair techniques for open degenerative procedures; (2) review described postoperative protocols after lumbar dural repairs. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed for all articles published from inception until September 2022 using Pubmed, EMBASE, Medline, and Cochrane databases to identify articles assessing the management of durotomy in open surgery for degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine. Two independent reviewers assessed the articles for inclusion criteria, and disagreements were resolved by consensus. Outcomes included persistent leaks, return to the operating room, recurrent symptoms, medical complications, or patient satisfaction. RESULTS A total of 10,227 articles were initially screened. After inclusion criteria were applied, 9 studies were included (n=1270 patients) for final review. Repair techniques included; no primary repair, suture repair in running or interrupted manner with or without adjunctive sealants, sealants alone, or patch repair with muscle, fat, epidural blood patch, or synthetic graft. Postoperative protocols included the placement of a subfascial drain with varying durations of bed rest. Notable findings included no benefit of prolonged bedrest compared with early ambulation ( P =0.4), reduced cerebrospinal fluid leakage with fat graft compared with muscle grafts ( P <0.001), and decreased rates of revision surgery in studies that used subfascial drains (1.7%-2.2% vs 4.34%-6.66%). CONCLUSIONS Significant variability in intraoperative durotomy repair techniques and postoperative protocols exists. Primary repair with fat graft augmentation seems to have the highest success rate. Postoperatively, the use of a subfascial drain with early ambulation reduces the risk of pseudomenignocele formation, medical complications, and return to the operating room. Further research should focus on prospective studies with the goal to standardize repair techniques and postoperative protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya A Ahmady
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Alessa M, Ababneh F, Al Taimeh F, Haddad S, Al Rabadi J, Hjazeen A. Incidental Dural Tears During Lumbar Spine Surgery: Prevalence and Evaluation of Management Outcomes. Cureus 2024; 16:e54212. [PMID: 38362037 PMCID: PMC10868713 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Incidental dural tears (IDTs) are sometimes observed as an intraoperative complication associated with lumbar spine surgery. Commonly, this complication is recognized and repaired during surgery, but if it is undiagnosed or inadequately treated, a variety of consequences may occur. Many techniques have been developed to treat cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, and each has its limitations. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of incidental dural tears in lumbar spine surgeries and evaluate the outcomes of the sandwich technique in the management of this complication. METHODS A total of 92 patients who underwent lumbar spine surgery at the Royal Rehabilitation Center in Amman from January 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups: group A (patients without IDT) and group B (patients with IDT), where group B was repaired using the sandwich technique. The follow-up period was six months. Further, the sandwich technique involves repairing the dural defect with interlocking sutures, painting medical glue around the dural incision, covering this with gelatin sponge, and finally covering the gelatin sponge with medical glue again. RESULTS The overall prevalence of IDT in the study group was 14.1%. IDT was more common among elderly patients above the age of 60 (17.2%), females (16.7%), patients with multiple lumbar levels treated (66.7%), open approaches (21%), and those who had previous spinal surgery (72.7%). Most IDTs were diagnosed and managed intraoperatively (84.6%). Among those patients, only one complained of a surgical site infection. Patients in group B had a significantly higher postoperative length of hospital stay, amount of drainage, and operative time compared to group A (P<0.001). Regarding postoperative pain, patients in group B had significantly higher pain on the Numerical Pain Scale at day three post-operation compared to patients in group A (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Based on our results, the sandwich technique was effective in the management and prevention of CSF leakage. Further prospective studies with long-term follow-up are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monther Alessa
- Department of Orthopedics, Royal Medical Services, Amman, JOR
| | - Faris Ababneh
- Department of Orthopedics, Royal Medical Services, Amman, JOR
| | | | - Saad Haddad
- Department of Orthopedics, Royal Medical Services, Amman, JOR
| | | | - Anees Hjazeen
- Department of Biostatistics, Royal Medical Services, Amman, JOR
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Schwake M, Krahwinkel S, Gallus M, Schipmann S, Maragno E, Neuschmelting V, Perrech M, Müther M, Lenschow M. Does Early Mobilization Following Resection of Spinal Intra-Dural Pathology Increase the Risk of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks?-A Dual-Center Comparative Effectiveness Research. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:171. [PMID: 38256431 PMCID: PMC10821288 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Prolonged bed rest after the resection of spinal intradural tumors is postulated to mitigate the development of cerebrospinal fluid leaks (CSFLs), which is one of the feared postoperative complications. Nonetheless, the empirical evidence supporting this conjecture remains limited and requires further investigation. The goal of the study was to investigate whether prolonged bed rest lowers the risk of CSFL after the resection of spinal intradural tumors. The primary outcome was the rate of CSFL in each cohort. Materials and Methods: To validate this hypothesis, we conducted a comparative effectiveness research (CER) study at two distinct academic neurosurgical centers, wherein diverse postoperative treatment protocols were employed. Specifically, one center adopted a prolonged bed rest regimen lasting for three days, while the other implemented early postoperative mobilization. For statistical analysis, case-control matching was performed. Results: Out of an overall 451 cases, we matched 101 patients from each center. We analyzed clinical records and images from each case. In the bed rest center, two patients developed a CSFL (n = 2, 1.98%) compared to four patients (n = 4, 3.96%) in the early mobilization center (p = 0.683). Accordingly, CSFL development was not associated with early mobilization (OR 2.041, 95% CI 0.365-11.403; p = 0.416). Univariate and multivariate analysis identified expansion duraplasty as an independent risk factor for CSFL (OR 60.33, 95% CI: 0.015-0.447; p < 0.001). Conclusions: In this CER, we demonstrate that early mobilization following the resection of spinal intradural tumors does not confer an increased risk of the development of CSFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schwake
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.S.); (E.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Sophia Krahwinkel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.S.); (E.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Marco Gallus
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.S.); (E.M.); (M.M.)
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Stephanie Schipmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.S.); (E.M.); (M.M.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Emanuele Maragno
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.S.); (E.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Volker Neuschmelting
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (V.N.); (M.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Moritz Perrech
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (V.N.); (M.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Michael Müther
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.S.); (E.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Moritz Lenschow
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (V.N.); (M.P.); (M.L.)
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Gomes FC, Larcipretti ALL, Elvir FAR, Diniz JBC, de Melo TMV, Santana LS, de Oliveira HM, Barroso DC, Polverini AD. Early ambulation versus prolonged bed rest for incidental durotomies in spine procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Rev 2023; 46:310. [PMID: 37989906 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-023-02201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Incidental durotomies are frequent complications of spine surgery associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak-related symptoms. Management typically involves prolonged bed rest to reduce CSF pressure at the durotomy site. However, early ambulation may be a safer, effective alternative. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus were systematically searched for studies comparing early ambulation (bed rest ≤ 24 h) with prolonged bed rest (> 24 h) for patients with incidental durotomies in spine surgeries. The outcomes of interest were CSF leak, hypotensive headache, additional surgical repair, pseudomeningocele, and pulmonary complications. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis were performed following the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. We included a total of 704 patients from 6 studies. There was a significant reduction in the incidence of pulmonary complications (RR 0.23; 95% CI 0.08-0.67; p = 0.007) in the early mobilization group. The incidence of CSF leak (RR 1.34; 95% CI 0.83-2.14; p = 0.23), hypotensive headache (RR 0.72; 95% CI 0.27-1.90; p = 0.50), additional repair surgery (RR 1.29; 95% CI 0.76-2.2; p = 0.35), and pseudomeningocele (RR 1.29; 95% CI 0.20-8.48; p = 0.79) did not differ significantly. In patients with incidental durotomy following spinal surgery, early mobilization was associated with a lower incidence of pulmonary complications as compared with prolonged bed rest. There was no significant difference between groups in terms of CSF leak, need for additional repair, pseudomeningocele, and hypotensive headache.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Allan Dias Polverini
- Neurosurgical Oncology Division, Hospital de Amor, Fundação Pio XII, Antenor Duarte Vilela, 1331 - Dr. Paulo Prata, Barretos, Sao Paulo, 14784-400, Brazil.
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11
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Krahwinkel S, Schipmann S, Spille D, Maragno E, Al Barim B, Warneke N, Stummer W, Gallus M, Schwake M. The Role of Prolonged Bed Rest in Postoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage After Surgery of Intradural Pathology-A Retrospective Cohort Study. Neurosurgery 2023; 93:563-575. [PMID: 36883822 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage (CSFL) is a feared complication after surgery on intradural pathologies and may cause postoperative complications and subsequently higher treatment costs. OBJECTIVE To assess whether prolonged bed rest may lower the risk of CSFL. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study including patients with intradural pathologies who underwent surgery at our department between 2013 and 2021. Cohorts included patients who completed 3 days of postoperative bed rest and patients who were mobilized earlier. The primary end point was the occurrence of clinically proven CSFL. RESULTS Four hundred and thirty-three patients were included (female [51.7%], male [48.3%]) with a mean age of 48 years (SD ±20). Bed rest was ordered in 315 cases (72.7%). In 7 cases (N = 7/433, 1.6%), we identified a postoperative CSFL. Four of them (N = 4/118) did not preserve bed rest, showing no significant difference to the bed rest cohort (N = 3/315; P = .091). In univariate analysis, laminectomy (N = 4/61; odds ratio [OR] 8.632, 95% CI 1.883-39.573), expansion duraplasty (N = 6/70; OR 33.938, 95% CI 4.019-286.615), and recurrent surgery (N = 5/66; OR 14.959, 95% CI 2.838-78.838) were significant risk factors for developing CSFL. In multivariate analysis, expansion duraplasty was confirmed as independent risk factor (OR 33.937, 95% CI 4.018-286.615, P = .001). In addition, patients with CSFL had significant higher risk for meningitis (N = 3/7; 42.8%, P = .001). CONCLUSION Prolonged bed rest did not protect patients from developing CSFL after surgery on intradural pathologies. Avoiding laminectomy, large voids, and minimal invasive approaches may play a role in preventing CSFL. Furthermore, special caution is indicated if expansion duraplasty was done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Krahwinkel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schipmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dorothee Spille
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Emanuele Maragno
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Bilal Al Barim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Nils Warneke
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Walter Stummer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Marco Gallus
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael Schwake
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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12
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Adachi K, Hasegawa M, Hirose Y. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage prevention using the anterior transpetrosal approach with versus without postoperative spinal drainage: an institutional cohort study. Neurosurg Rev 2023; 46:137. [PMID: 37286772 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-023-02045-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of spinal drain (SD) placement for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage prevention after the anterior transpetrosal approach (ATPA) remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to assess whether postoperative SD placement improved postoperative CSF leakage after a skull base reconstruction procedure using a small abdominal fat and pericranial flap and clarify whether bed rest with postoperative SD placement increased the length of hospital stay. This retrospective cohort study included 48 patients who underwent primary surgery using ATPA between August 2011 and February 2022. All cases underwent SD placement preoperatively. First, we evaluated the necessity of SD placement for CSF leakage prevention by comparing the postoperative routine continuous SD placement period to a period in which the SD was removed immediately after surgery. Second, the effects of different SD placement durations were evaluated to understand the adverse effects of SD placement requiring bed rest. No patient with or without postoperative continuous SD placement developed CSF leakage. The median postoperative time to first ambulation was 3 days shorter (P < 0.05), and the length of hospital stay was 7 days shorter (P < 0.05) for patients who underwent SD removal immediately after surgery (2 and 12 days, respectively) than for those who underwent SD removal on postoperative day 1 (5 and 19 days, respectively). This skull base reconstruction technique was effective in preventing CSF leakage in patients undergoing ATPA, and postoperative SD placement was not necessary. Removing the SD immediately after surgery can lead to earlier postoperative ambulation and shorter hospital stay by reducing medical complications and improving functional capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Adachi
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98, Kutsugake Dengakugakubo, Aichi, Toyoake City, 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Hasegawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98, Kutsugake Dengakugakubo, Aichi, Toyoake City, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hirose
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98, Kutsugake Dengakugakubo, Aichi, Toyoake City, 470-1192, Japan
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13
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Milton R, Kalanjiyam GP, S R, Shetty AP, Kanna RM. Dural injury following elective spine surgery - A prospective analysis of risk factors, management and complications. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2023; 41:102172. [PMID: 37483912 PMCID: PMC10362543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2023.102172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Incidental dural tears being a familiar complication in spine surgery could result in dreaded postoperative outcomes. Though the literature pertaining to their incidence and management is vast, it is limited by the retrospective study designs and smaller case series. Hence, we performed a prospective study in our institute to determine the incidence, surgical risk factors, complications and surgical outcomes in patients with unintended durotomy during spine surgery over a period of one year. The overall incidence in our study was 2.3% (44/1912). Revision spine surgeries in particular had a higher incidence of 16.6%. The average age of the study population was 51.6 years. The most common intraoperative surgical step associated with dural tear was removal of the lamina, and 50% of the injuries were during usage of kerrison rongeur. The most common location of the tear was paramedian location (20 patients) and the most common size of the tear was about 1 mm-5mm (31 patients). We observed that the dural repair techniques, placement of drain and prolonged post-operative bed rest didnot significantly affect the post-operative outcomes. One patient in our study developed persistent CSF leak, which was treated by subarachnoid lumbar drain placement. No patients developed pseudomeningocele or post-operative neurological worsening or re-exploration for dural repair. Wound complications were noted in 4 patients and treated by debridement and antibiotics. Based on our study, we have proposed a treatment algorithm for the management of dural tears in spine surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raunak Milton
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Medical Centre and Hospitals, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Rajasekaran S
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Hospital, 313, Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ajoy Prasad Shetty
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Medical Centre and Hospitals, Coimbatore, India
| | - Rishi Mugesh Kanna
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Hospital, 313, Mettupalayam Road, Coimbatore, India
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14
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Spencer Fox E, McDonnell JM, Cunniffe GM, Darwish S, Butler JS. Is a Standardized Treatment Plan for Incidental Durotomy Plausible? Clin Spine Surg 2023; 36:37-39. [PMID: 36728306 DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0000000000001424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Spencer Fox
- National Spinal Injuries Unit, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital
- UCD School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jake M McDonnell
- National Spinal Injuries Unit, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital
| | | | - Stacey Darwish
- National Spinal Injuries Unit, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital
| | - Joseph S Butler
- National Spinal Injuries Unit, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital
- UCD School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
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15
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Najjar E, Hassanin MA, Komaitis S, Karouni F, Quraishi N. Complications after early versus late mobilization after an incidental durotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2023; 32:778-786. [PMID: 36609888 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-023-07526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An incidental durotomy (IDT) is a frequent complication of spinal surgery. The conventional management involving a period of flat bed rest is highly debatable. Indeed, there are scanty data and no consensus regarding the need or ideal duration of post-operative bed rest following IDT. OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the literature regarding the outcomes of mobilization within 24 h and after 24 h following IDT in open lumbar or thoracic surgery with respect to the length of hospital stay, minor and major complications. METHODS A systematic review of the literature using PubMed, Embase and Cochrane and dating up until September 2022 was undertaken following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Quality of evidence was assessed using a modified version of Sackett's Criteria of Evidence Support. RESULTS Out of 532 articles, 6 studies met the inclusion criteria (1 Level-I, 4 level-III and 1 Level-IV evidence) and were analyzed. Overall, 398 patients of mean age 59.9 years were mobilized within 24 h. The average length of stay (LOS) for this group was 5.7 days. Thirty-four patients (8.5%) required reoperation while the rate of minor complications was 25.4%. Additionally, 265 patients of mean age 63 years with IDT were mobilized after 24 h. The average LOS was 7.8 days. Twenty patients (7.54%) required reoperation while the rate of minor complications was 55%. Meta-analysis comparing early to late mobilization, showed a significant reduction in the risk of minor complications and shorter overall LOS due to early mobilization, but no significant difference in major complications and reoperation rates. CONCLUSIONS Although early mobilization after repaired incidental dural tears in open lumbar and thoracic spinal surgery has a similar major complication/ reoperation rates compared to late mobilization, it significantly decreases the risk of minor complications and length of hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Najjar
- Centre for Spinal Studies and Surgery, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Mohamed A Hassanin
- Centre for Spinal Studies and Surgery, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Spyridon Komaitis
- Centre for Spinal Studies and Surgery, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Faris Karouni
- Centre for Spinal Studies and Surgery, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Nasir Quraishi
- Centre for Spinal Studies and Surgery, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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16
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Incidental Durotomy After Posterior Lumbar Decompression Surgery Associated With Increased Risk for Venous Thromboembolism. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2023; 31:e445-e450. [PMID: 36727948 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-22-00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Incidental durotomies can occur during posterior lumbar decompression surgery. Not only can this slow patient recovery but many surgeons recommend a period of bed rest in these situations, which can further slow mobilization. This immobility might be associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after spinal surgery. This study aims to determine whether incidental durotomies are associated with increased risk of VTE in patients undergoing lumbar decompression surgery. METHODS Adult patients undergoing laminectomy or laminotomy (excluding any with concomitant fusion procedures) for degenerative etiologies and with a minimum of 90-day follow-up were identified from the MSpine Pearldiver dataset. Incidental durotomies were identified based on hospital administrative coding, and patient demographics, comorbidities, and the occurrence and timing of VTE (deep vein thrombosis [DVT] and/or pulmonary embolism) were defined. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS Of 156,488 lumbar decompression patients included in the study, incidental durotomies was noted for 2,036 (1.3%). Markedly more VTEs were observed in the first five days in the incidental durotomies group (P < 0.001) but not incrementally any day after (P > 0.05). On univariate analyses, a significant increased risk of VTE, DVT, and PE was observed (P < 0.001 for each). On multivariate analyses controlling for age, sex, and comorbidities, odds were significantly increased for VTE (Odds ratios = 1.75, P < 0.001) and DVT (OR = 1.70, P < 0.001) but not independently significant for pulmonary embolism. DISCUSSION Patients who have incidental durotomies during lumbar laminectomy or laminotomy surgery were found to have increased odds of VTE, primarily in the first five days. Although not all factors associated with this could be directly determined, slower mobilization would seem to be a likely contributing factor. Increasing mobilization and/or adjusting chemoprophylaxis in this group would seem appropriately considered.
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17
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Verma K, Freelin AH, Atkinson KA, Graham RS, Broaddus WC. Early mobilization versus bed rest for incidental durotomy: an institutional cohort study. J Neurosurg Spine 2022; 37:460-465. [PMID: 35303709 DOI: 10.3171/2022.1.spine211208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess whether flat bed rest for > 24 hours after an incidental durotomy improves patient outcome or is a risk factor for medical and wound complications and longer hospital stay. METHODS Medical records of consecutive patients undergoing thoracic and lumbar decompression procedures from 2010 to 2020 were reviewed. Operative notes and progress notes were reviewed and searched to identify patients in whom incidental durotomies occurred. The need for revision surgery related to CSF leak or wound infection was recorded. The duration of bed rest, length of hospital stay, and complications (pulmonary, gastrointestinal, urinary, and wound) were recorded. The rates of complications were compared with regard to the duration of bed rest (≤ 24 hours vs > 24 hours). RESULTS A total of 420 incidental durotomies were identified, indicating a rate of 6.7% in the patient population. Of the 420 patients, 361 underwent primary repair of the dura; 254 patients were prescribed bed rest ≤ 24 hours, and 107 patients were prescribed bed rest > 24 hours. There was no statistically significant difference in the need for revision surgery (7.87% vs 8.41%, p = 0.86) between the two groups, but wound complications were increased in the prolonged bed rest group (8.66% vs 15.89%, p = 0.043). The average length of stay for patients with bed rest ≤ 24 hours was 4.47 ± 3.64 days versus 7.24 ± 4.23 days for patients with bed rest > 24 hours (p < 0.0001). There was a statistically significant increase in the frequency of ileus, urinary retention, urinary tract infections, pulmonary issues, and altered mental status in the group with prolonged bed rest after an incidental durotomy. The relative risk of complications in the group with bed rest ≤ 24 hours was 50% less than the group with > 24 hours of bed rest (RR 0.5, 95% CI 0.39-0.62; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In this retrospective study, the rate of revision surgery was not higher in patients with durotomy who underwent immediate mobilization, and medical complications were significantly decreased. Flat bed rest > 24 hours following incidental durotomy was associated with increased length of stay and increased rate of medical complications. After primary repair of an incidental durotomy, flat bed rest may not be necessary and appears to be associated with higher costs and complications.
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18
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Feler J, Sun F, Bajaj A, Hagan M, Kanekar S, Sullivan PLZ, Fridley JS, Gokaslan ZL. Complication Avoidance in Surgical Management of Vertebral Column Tumors. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:1442-1454. [PMID: 35323321 PMCID: PMC8947448 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29030121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The surgical management of spinal tumors has grown increasingly complex as treatment algorithms for both primary bone tumors of the spine and metastatic spinal disease have evolved in response to novel surgical techniques, rising complication rates, and additional data concerning adjunct therapies. In this review, we discuss actionable interventions for improved patient safety in the operative care for spinal tumors. Strategies for complication avoidance in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative settings are discussed for approach-related morbidities, intraoperative hemorrhage, wound healing complications, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, thromboembolism, and failure of instrumentation and fusion. These strategies center on themes such as pre-operative imaging review and medical optimization, surgical dissection informed by meticulous attention to anatomic boundaries, and fastidious wound closure followed by thorough post-operative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Feler
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (J.F.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (P.L.Z.S.); (J.S.F.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Felicia Sun
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (J.F.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (P.L.Z.S.); (J.S.F.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Ankush Bajaj
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (J.F.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (P.L.Z.S.); (J.S.F.)
| | - Matthew Hagan
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (J.F.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (P.L.Z.S.); (J.S.F.)
| | - Samika Kanekar
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (J.F.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (P.L.Z.S.); (J.S.F.)
| | - Patricia Leigh Zadnik Sullivan
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (J.F.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (P.L.Z.S.); (J.S.F.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Jared S. Fridley
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (J.F.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (P.L.Z.S.); (J.S.F.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Ziya L. Gokaslan
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (J.F.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (P.L.Z.S.); (J.S.F.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Correspondence:
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19
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Soon WC, Fisher B, Chowdhury YA, Hodson J, Fashola E, Egbuji O, Leung A, Czyz M, Furtado N, Dhir J. Factors Influencing Surgical Outcomes for Intradural Spinal Tumours: A Single-Centre Retrospective Cohort Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e21815. [PMID: 35261834 PMCID: PMC8893976 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intradural spinal tumours are relatively uncommon tumours of the central nervous system. In this study, we sought to assess our current practice and determine the factors which affect the surgical outcomes of intradural spinal tumour resection. Methods All consecutive patients who underwent surgical resection of intradural spinal tumours from December 2011 to November 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The Modified McCormick Scale (MMS) was used to grade patients’ neurological status both pre-operatively and at the latest follow-up. The associations between changes in MMS and variables such as patient demographics, tumour location, number and experience of consultants involved in the procedure, use of intraoperative neuro-monitoring, bony spinal exposure and dural closure methods were assessed. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was performed to identify independent predictors of improvements in MMS. All analyses were performed using IBM SPSS 22 (IBM Corp. Armonk, NY), with p<0.05 deemed to be indicative of statistical significance throughout. Results A total of 145 patients met the inclusion criteria, with a median age of 56.5 years; of whom 119 had extramedullary tumours and 26 had intramedullary tumours. Methods of dural closure were variable, and there was an increasing trend over time towards using the laminoplasty approach for bony exposure. Neither the experience of consultants (p=0.991) nor the number of consultants involved (p=0.084) was found to be significantly associated with the change in MMS, with the strongest predictor being the baseline MMS (p<0.001). Patients who had adjuvant therapy were also significantly more likely to have a poorer neurological outcome (p=0.001). Conclusion A good neurological baseline is a significant positive predictor of an improved functional outcome. The number and seniority of consultant surgeons involved in intradural spinal tumour resections did not significantly alter the postoperative outcomes of patients in our single-unit retrospective study.
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20
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Zhu T, Wang H, Jing Z, Fan D, Liu Z, Wang X, Tian Y. High efficacy of tetra-PEG hydrogel sealants for sutureless dural closure. Bioact Mater 2021; 8:12-19. [PMID: 34541383 PMCID: PMC8424082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in meticulous dural closure technique remain a great challenge for watertight dural closure in the aged society, because the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage after spinal surgery is often accompanied with the disgusting wound infection, meningitis and pseudomeningocele. Here, a tetra-poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogel sealant is developed with collective advantages of facile operation, high safety, quick set time, easy injectability, favorable mechanical strength and powerful tissue adhesion for effective sutureless dural closure during the surgery procedure. Impressively, this tetra-PEG sealant can instantaneously adhere to the irregular tissue surfaces even in a liquid environment, and effectively prevent or block off the intraoperative CSF leakage for sutureless dural closure and dura regeneration. Together, this sutureless tetra-PEG adhesive can be utilized as a very promising alternative for high-efficient watertight dural closure of the clinical patients who incidentally or deliberately undergo the durotomy during the spinal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengjiao Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hufei Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zehao Jing
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Daoyang Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yun Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
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Lee S, Cho DC, Kim KT, Lee YS, Rhim SC, Park JH. Reliability of Early Ambulation after Intradural Spine Surgery : Risk Factors and a Preventive Method for Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Related Complications. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2021; 64:799-807. [PMID: 34425635 PMCID: PMC8435651 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2020.0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cerebrospinal fluid leakage related complications (CLC) occasionally occur after intradural spinal surgery. We sought to investigate the effectiveness of early ambulation after intradural spinal surgery and analyze the risk factors for CLC.
Methods For this retrospective cohort study, we enrolled 314 patients who underwent intradural spinal surgery at a single institution. The early group contained 79 patients who started ambulation after 1 day of bedrest without position restrictions, while the late group consisted of 235 patients who started ambulation after at least 3 days of bed rest and were limited to the prone position after surgery. In the early group, Prolene 6–0 was used as the dura suture material, while black silk 5–0 was used as the dura suture material in the late group.
Results The overall incidence rate of CLC was 10.8%. Significant differences between the early and late groups were identified in the rate of CLC (2.5% vs. 13.6%), surgical repair required (1.3% vs. 7.7%), and length of hospital stay (2.99 vs. 9.29 days) (p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that CLC was associated with practices specific to the late group (p=0.011) and the revision surgery (p=0.022).
Conclusion Using Prolene 6–0 as a dura suture material for intradural spinal surgery resulted in lower CLC rates compared to black silk 5–0 sutures despite a shorter bed rest period. Our findings revealed that suture - needle ratio related to dura defect was the most critical factor for CLC. One-day ambulation after primary dura closure using Prolene 6–0 sutures appears to be a cost-effective and safe strategy for intradural spinal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subum Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dae-Chul Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young-Seok Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung Chul Rhim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hoon Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Dural Tear Does not Increase the Rate of Venous Thromboembolic Disease in Patients Undergoing Elective Lumbar Decompression with Instrumented Fusion. World Neurosurg 2021; 154:e649-e655. [PMID: 34332152 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate if dural tears (DTs) are an indirect risk factor for venous thromboembolic disease through increased recumbency in patients undergoing elective lumbar decompression and instrumented fusion. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients undergoing elective lumbar decompression and instrumented fusion at a single institution between 2016 and 2019. Patients were divided into cohorts: those who sustained a dural tear and those who did not. The cohorts were compared using Student's t-test or Wilcoxon Rank Sum for continuous variables and Fisher exact or chi-squared test for nominal variables. RESULTS Six-hundred and eleven patients met inclusion criteria, among which 144 patients (23.6%) sustained a DT. The DT cohort tended to be older (63.6 vs. 60.6 years, P = 0.0052) and have more comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index 2.75 vs. 2.35, P = 0.0056). There was no significant difference in the rate of symptomatic deep vein thrombosis (2.1% vs. 2.6%, P = 1.0) or pulmonary embolus (1.4% vs. 1.50%, P = 1.0). Intraoperatively, DT was associated with increased blood loss (754 mL vs. 512 mL, P < 0.0001), operative time (224 vs. 195 minutes, P < 0.0001), and rate of transfusion (19.4% vs. 9.4%, P = 0.0018). Postoperatively, DT was associated with increased time to ambulation (2.6 vs. 1.4 days, P < 0.0001), length of stay (5.8 vs. 4.0 days, P < 0.0001), and rate of discharge to rehab (38.9 vs. 25.3%, P = 0.0021). CONCLUSIONS While DTs during elective lumbar decompression and instrumentation led to later ambulation and longer hospital stays, the increased recumbency did not significantly increase the rate of symptomatic venous thromboembolic disease.
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Erdoğan U, Akpinar A. Clinical Outcomes of Incidental Dural Tears During Lumbar Microdiscectomy. Cureus 2021; 13:e14360. [PMID: 34079645 PMCID: PMC8159299 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A dural tear (DT) is the most commonly encountered complication during lumbar spine surgery. The incidence of DT increases depending on the complexity of the surgical procedure and the presence of a DT is related to a poor outcome and patient satisfaction. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the incidence and clinical outcomes of DTs in those patients who undergo lumbar disc surgery. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients who underwent surgery for the management of a primary single-level lumbar disc herniation at a single institution between 2004 and 2014. Among the studied population, those with DTs were included in the study group. An age- and sex-matched group of randomly selected patients who underwent the same level and type of lumbar spine surgery, but did not develop DTs, were assigned as the control group. The outcomes were compared at 12 months postoperatively between the groups. Results: A total of 5,476 consecutive patients (2,608 female, 2,868 male; mean age, 54 ± 11.45 [range, 21-86] years) underwent surgery for primary single-level lumbar disc herniation. DT was noted in 192 (2.85%) cases. Of these, 102 patients with complete data were included in the DT group. The DT group had a significantly increased length of hospital stay (p = 0.001). Also, the duration of bed rest in the hospital was significantly higher in patients wherein DT was repaired using hemostatic material and fibrin glue, compared to the patients with primary closure with suturing of the tear. Conclusion: Incidental DTs, if recognized and treated appropriately, will not lead to poor clinical results and do not adversely impact postoperative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzay Erdoğan
- Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Bakırköy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Training and Research Hospital for Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Aykut Akpinar
- Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Haseki Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, TUR
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Incidence and Risk Factors of Postoperative Severe Discomfort After Elective Surgery Under General Anesthesia: A Prospective Observational Study. J Perianesth Nurs 2021; 36:253-261. [PMID: 33640290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patient comfort is an important concern in patients receiving surgery, but the seriousness of discomfort during recovery is unknown. We investigated the incidence of postoperative discomfort based on the Standardized Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine initiative for patient comfort, and identified the risk factors. DESIGN This was a single-center prospective observational study. METHODS We enrolled adult patients who underwent elective surgery under general anesthesia between July and December 2018 at West China Hospital of Sichuan University (ChiCTR1800017324). The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative severe discomfort (PoSD), defined as occurring when a patient experienced a severe rating in two or more domains in the six domains in the Standardized Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine initiative on the same day, including rest pain, postoperative nausea, and vomiting, dissatisfaction of gastrointestinal recovery, dissatisfaction of mobilization, sleep disturbance, and recovery. A generalized estimated equation was constructed to find risk factors of PoSD. FINDINGS In total, 440 patients completed the study. The incidence of PoSD was 28% on postoperative day (POD) 1, 13% on POD 2, 9% on POD 3, and 3.6% on both POD 5 and 7. The most common discomfort was serious sleep disturbance, ranging from 43% to 10% in the first week after surgery. Longer operative time (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.56 [1.19 to 2.05], P = .001), gastrointestinal surgery (5.03[2.08,12.17], P < .001), orthopaedic surgery (3.03 [1.35,6.79], P = .007), ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgery (3.50 [1.22,10.02], P = .020) and postoperative complications (1.77 [1.03-3.04], P = .038) were significant risk factors of PoSD. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of PoSD after elective surgery under general anesthesia is high. Sleep disturbance was the most common problem identified. Anesthesia providers and perianesthesia nurses may need to optimize anesthetic application, combine different anesthesia methods, improve perioperative management, and provide interventions to reduce and to treat discomfort after surgeries.
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Ongaigui C, Fiorda-Diaz J, Dada O, Mavarez-Martinez A, Echeverria-Villalobos M, Bergese SD. Intraoperative Fluid Management in Patients Undergoing Spine Surgery: A Narrative Review. Front Surg 2020; 7:45. [PMID: 32850944 PMCID: PMC7403195 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2020.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluid management has been widely recognized as an important component of the perioperative care in patients undergoing major procedures including spine surgeries. Patient- and surgery-related factors such as age, length of the surgery, massive intraoperative blood loss, and prone positioning, may impact the intraoperative administration of fluids. In addition, the type of fluid administered may also affect post-operative outcomes. Published literature describing intraoperative fluid management in patients undergoing major spine surgeries is limited and remains controversial. Therefore, we reviewed current literature on intraoperative fluid management and its association with post-operative complications in spine surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Ongaigui
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Juan Fiorda-Diaz
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Olufunke Dada
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ana Mavarez-Martinez
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | | | - Sergio D Bergese
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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When is an incidental durotomy a complication during lumbar spine surgery? Spine J 2020; 20:685-687. [PMID: 32416875 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective database analysis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to match risk factors for complications in patients who did and did not sustain a dural tear while undergoing posterior lumbar spine surgery and compare local and systemic complications. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Current data do not adequately define whether the event of sustaining an isolated dural tear increases the risk for postoperative complications while controlling for other confounding risk factors. METHODS The PearlDiver Database was queried for patients who underwent posterior lumbar spine decompression and/or fusion for degenerative pathology. Patients with and without dural tears were 1:2 matched based on demographic variables and comorbidities. Complications, cost, length of stay (LOS), and readmission rates were analyzed. RESULTS The 1:2 matched cohort included 9038 patients with a dural tear and 17,340 patients without a dural tear. All complications assessed were significantly higher in the dural tear group (P < 0.03). Venothromboembolic (VTE) events occurred in 1.3% of patients with a dural tear and 0.9% of patients without a dural tear (odds ratio [OR] 1.46, P < 0.0001). Meningitis occurred in 25 patients (0.3%) with a dural tear and eight patients (<0.1%) without a dural tear (OR 6.0, P < 0.0001). Patients with a dural tear had 120% higher medical costs, 200% greater LOS, and were two times more likely to be readmitted (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Sustaining a dural tear while undergoing posterior lumbar spinal decompression and/or fusion for degenerative pathology significantly increased the risk of complications and increased length of stay, risk of readmission, and overall 90-day hospital cost. Dural tears specifically increased the risk of a VTE complication by 1.46 times and meningitis by six times; these are important complications to have a high degree of suspicion for in the setting of durotomy, as they can lead to significant morbidity for the patient. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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28
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Wong AK, Rasouli MR, Ng A, Wang D. Targeted Epidural Blood Patches Under Fluoroscopic Guidance For Incidental Durotomies Related To Spine Surgeries: A Case Series. J Pain Res 2019; 12:2825-2833. [PMID: 31632132 PMCID: PMC6792944 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s191589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Incidental durotomies are usually managed conservatively. However, 1.8% of patients require surgical dural repair for CSF leak. There are limited data available regarding the use of epidural blood patches (EBP) for persistent CSF leaks secondary to incidental durotomies. This case series aims to evaluate the efficacy of targeted EBPs under fluoroscopic guidance in the treatment of incidental durotomies. Methods Four patients with incidental durotomies after spine surgeries (one cervical decompression, one revision of L5-S1 decompression and fusion, and two lumbar decompressions) were included in this series. These patients did not respond to conservative management and subsequently underwent EBPs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images were reviewed to confirm and identify the sites of CSF leak prior to the EBPs. We targeted the sites of CSF leak with fluoroscopic guidance. All four patients received an EBP with an 18-gauge epidural needle placed under fluoroscopic guidance. In some cases, epidural catheters were used to further target the sites of CSF leak. Contrast was used to confirm the appropriate placements of the needles and catheters. Approximately 5–14 mL of autologous blood was injected through the needles or catheters to the sites of dural leak. Results Three lumbar and two cervical EBPs were performed in four patients (two females and two males). Their age ranged from 44 to 73 years old. Two out of three patients who had lumbar EBP reported complete resolution of symptoms following EBP. The patient who had cervical epidural patches did not have improvement in her symptoms. Conclusion This case series demonstrated that targeted EBP can be an effective treatment for CSF leak from incidental durotomies. However, dural tears in the cervical region may be more difficult to treat. Larger scale studies are required to evaluate efficacy of EBP in the treatment of symptomatic incidental durotomies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohammad R Rasouli
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Ng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dajie Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Luque LL, Sainz A, Seclen D, Argañaraz R, Martin C, Fessler RG. Primary Dural Closure in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Using an Extracorporeal Knot: Technical Note. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2019; 19:32-36. [DOI: 10.1093/ons/opz293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Minimally invasive spine surgeries (MISS) are currently used for a wide variety of intradural spinal pathologies. Although MISS techniques have brought great benefits, primary dural closure can prove a challenge due to the narrow corridor of the tubular retractor systems.
OBJECTIVE
To present the surgical technique we developed for dural closure using an extracorporeal knot that is simple and reproducible.
METHODS
We describe the use of an extracorporeal knot for primary dural closure in MISS surgeries using standard instrumental. We illustrate this operative technique with figures and its application in a surgical case with images and demonstration video2.
RESULTS
Using our surgical technique, a watertight dural closure with separated knots was performed without specific instruments.
CONCLUSION
The use of extracorporeal knots facilitates primary dural closure in MISS surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo Luciano Luque
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital de Alta Complejidad en Red “El Cruce” Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Presidente Perón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariel Sainz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Presidente Perón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Seclen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital de Alta Complejidad en Red “El Cruce” Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina Argañaraz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital de Alta Complejidad en Red “El Cruce” Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Clara Martin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital de Alta Complejidad en Red “El Cruce” Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Richard G Fessler
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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Farshad M, Aichmair A, Wanivenhaus F, Betz M, Spirig J, Bauer DE. No benefit of early versus late ambulation after incidental durotomy in lumbar spine surgery: a randomized controlled trial. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2019; 29:141-146. [PMID: 31552537 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-019-06144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Incidental durotomy (ID) is a complication occurring in 4-17% of decompressive spinal surgeries. Persisting CSF leakage can occur even after ID repair and requires revision surgery. Prolonged flat bed rest (BR) to reduce the incidence of persisting CSF leakage is frequently applied but highly debated. A randomized controlled trial comparing prolonged BR versus early ambulation after ID repair is lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of revision surgery as a result of persistent cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) leakage and medical complications after immediate or late post-operative ambulation following ID during decompressive spinal surgery. METHODS Ninety-four of 1429 consecutive cases undergoing lumbar spine surgery (6.58%) were complicated by an ID. Sixty patients (mean age of 64 ± 13.28 years) were randomized to either early post-operative ambulation (EA, n = 30) or flat BR for 48 h (BR, n = 30). The incidence of CSF leakage resulting in revision surgery, medical complications and duration of hospitalization were compared between groups. RESULTS Two patients in the BR group and two patients in the EA group underwent revision surgery as a result of persisting CSF leakage. Four patients in the BR group experienced medical complications associated with prolonged immobilization. The duration of hospitalization was 7.25 ± 3.0 days in the BR group versus 6.56 ± 2.64 days in the EA group, p = 0.413. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate no benefit of prolonged BR after an adequately repaired ID in lumbar spine surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 1b (individual randomized controlled trial). These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazda Farshad
- University Spine Center Zurich, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Alexander Aichmair
- University Spine Center Zurich, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Wanivenhaus
- University Spine Center Zurich, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Betz
- University Spine Center Zurich, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jose Spirig
- University Spine Center Zurich, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Ephraim Bauer
- University Spine Center Zurich, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
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31
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Kinaci A, Moayeri N, van der Zwan A, van Doormaal TPC. Effectiveness of Sealants in Prevention of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage after Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review. World Neurosurg 2019; 127:567-575.e1. [PMID: 30928579 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.02.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sealants are often used in spine surgery to prevent postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage. OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of sealants in preventing postoperative CSF leakage in spine surgery. METHODS The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for articles reporting the outcome of patients treated with a sealant for spinal dural repair. The number of patients, indication of surgery, surgical site, applied technique, type of sealant used, and outcome in terms of postoperative CSF leakage were noted for each study. The primary outcome was CSF leakage in general and secondary outcome infection. RESULTS Forty-one articles were selected with a total of 2542 cases; there were 4 comparative studies with 540 sealed cases and 343 cases with primary suture closure only. The quantity of CSF leakage did not differ between the sealant group (50 of 540, 9.1%) and the group treated with sutures only (48 of 343, 13.8%) (risk ratio [RR], 0.58 [confidence interval [CI], 0.18-1.82]). The infection rate did also not differ between the sealant and primary suture groups (RR, 0.94 [CI, 0.55-1.61]). This result was found in both the intended and the unintended durotomy subgroups. Secondary analysis of all cases showed that endoscopic or minimally invasive surgery had lower CSF leakage rates compared with open surgery regardless of sealant use (RR, 0.18 [CI, 0.05-0.75]). CONCLUSIONS Currently available sealants seem not to reduce the rate of CSF leakage in spine surgery. In endoscopic and minimally invasive surgery, the CSF leakage rate is less frequent compared with open, conventional surgery regardless of sealant use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kinaci
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolph Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Brain Technology Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Nizar Moayeri
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolph Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van der Zwan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolph Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Brain Technology Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tristan P C van Doormaal
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolph Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Barber SM, Fridley JS, Konakondla S, Nakhla J, Oyelese AA, Telfeian AE, Gokaslan ZL. Cerebrospinal fluid leaks after spine tumor resection: avoidance, recognition and management. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:217. [PMID: 31297382 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.01.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Post-operative CSF leaks are a known complication of spine surgery in general, and patients undergoing surgical intervention for spinal tumors may be particularly predisposed due to the presence of intradural tumor and a number of other factors. Post-operative CSF leaks increase morbidity, lengthen hospital stays, prolong immobilization and subject patients to a number of associated complications. Intraoperative identification of unintended durotomies and effective primary repair of dural defects is an important first step in the prevention of post-operative CSF leaks, but in patients who develop post-operative pseudomeningoceles, durocutaneous fistulae or other CSF-leak-related sequelae, early recognition and secondary intervention are paramount to preventing further CSF-leak-related complications and achieving the best patient outcomes possible. In this article, the incidence, risk factors and complications of CSF leaks after spine tumor surgery are reviewed, with an emphasis on avoidance of post-operative CSF leaks, early post-operative identification and effective secondary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Barber
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jared S Fridley
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sanjay Konakondla
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jonathan Nakhla
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Adetokunbo A Oyelese
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Albert E Telfeian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ziya L Gokaslan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Perioperative Protocol for Elective Spine Surgery Is Associated With Reduced Length of Stay and Complications. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2019; 27:183-189. [PMID: 30192251 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-17-00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Healthcare reform places emphasis on maximizing the value of care. METHODS A prospective registry was used to analyze outcomes before (1,596 patients) and after (151 patients) implementation of standardized, evidence-based order sets for six high-impact dimensions of perioperative care for all patients who underwent elective surgery for degenerative spine disease after July 1, 2015. RESULTS Apart from symptom duration, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease prevalence, estimated blood loss, and baseline Oswestry Disability Index, no significant differences existed between pre- and post-protocol cohorts. No differences in readmissions, discharge status, or 3-month patient-reported outcomes were seen. Multivariate regression analyses demonstrated reduced length of stay (P = 0.013) and odds of 90-day complications (P = 0.009) for postprotocol patients. CONCLUSION Length of stay and 90-day complications for elective spine surgery improved after implementation of an evidence-based perioperative protocol. Standardization efforts can improve quality and reduce costs, thereby improving the value of spine care. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III (retrospective review of prospectively collected data).
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Takenaka S, Makino T, Sakai Y, Kashii M, Iwasaki M, Yoshikawa H, Kaito T. Dural tear is associated with an increased rate of other perioperative complications in primary lumbar spine surgery for degenerative diseases. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e13970. [PMID: 30608436 PMCID: PMC6344202 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective case-control study.This study used a prospective multicenter database to investigate whether dural tear (DT) is associated with an increased rate of other perioperative complications.Few studies have had sufficient data accuracy and statistical power to evaluate the association between DT and other complications owing to a low incidence of occurrence.Between 2012 and 2017, 13,188 patients (7174 men and 6014 women) with degenerative lumbar diseases underwent primary lumbar spine surgery. The average age was 64.8 years for men and 68.7 years for women. DT was defined as a tear that was detected intraoperatively. Other investigated intraoperative surgery-related complications were massive hemorrhage (>2 L of blood loss), nerve injury, screw malposition, cage/graft dislocation, surgery performed at the wrong site, and vascular injury. The examined postoperative surgery-related complications were dural leak, surgical-site infection (SSI), postoperative neurological deficit, postoperative hematoma, wound dehiscence, screw/rod failure, and cage/graft failure. Information related to perioperative systemic complications was also collected for cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, renal and urological diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, postoperative delirium, and sepsis.DTs occurred in 451/13,188 patients (3.4%, the DT group). In the DT group, dural leak was observed in 88 patients. After controlling for the potentially confounding variables of age, sex, primary disease, and type of procedure, the surgery-related complications that were more likely to occur in the DT group than in the non-DT group were SSI (odds ratio [OR] 2.68) and postoperative neurological deficit (OR 3.27). As for perioperative systemic complications, the incidence of postoperative delirium (OR 3.21) was significantly high in the DT group.This study demonstrated that DT was associated with higher incidences of postoperative SSI, postoperative neurological deficit, and postoperative delirium, in addition to directly DT-related dural leak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Takenaka
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka
| | - Takahiro Makino
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka
| | - Yusuke Sakai
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka
| | - Masafumi Kashii
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Toyonaka, Osaka
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka-Rosai Hospital, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshikawa
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka
| | - Takashi Kaito
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka
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Robson CH, Paranathala MP, Dobson G, Ly F, Brown DP, O'Reilly G. Early mobilisation does not increase the complication rate from unintended lumbar durotomy. Br J Neurosurg 2018; 32:592-594. [PMID: 30392385 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2018.1508641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unintended durotomy is a well-recognised complication of lumbar spine surgery. Reported complications include headaches, intracranial haematomata, pseudomeningocoele and infection. Methods of intraoperative repair vary and although post-operative flat bed rest is advocated by some, there is no consensus on duration. We reviewed a series of unintended durotomies that occurred in our institution and reviewed them to compare management strategies and outcome. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted of adult patients who experienced an unintended durotomy during surgery for lumbar degenerative disease in our neurosurgical unit over a 15-month period. Post-operative complications were followed up for a minimum of 3 months. RESULTS 1125 patients underwent elective or emergency decompressive lumbar spine surgery. 45 (4%) dural tears were identified; all were repaired intra-operatively with suturing, Tisseal thrombin glue or both. Absence of leakage was confirmed on Valsalva manoeuvre for all cases, before wound closure. 28 patients were mobilised within 24 hrs of surgery, 16 patients between 24-48 hours and 1 patient after 48 hours. Seven patients (16%) with a dural tear experienced a complication. There was no statistically significant relationship between time to post-operative mobilisation and complication rate (p = .76). There was a significantly longer inpatient stay when patients were on bed rest for longer (2 tailed test significant at the 2% level). CONCLUSION Duration of post-operative bed rest was not related to complication rate but led to delays in discharge. We did not find evidence that early mobilisation lead to increased likelihood of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig H Robson
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust Hull , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Menaka P Paranathala
- b Department of Neurosurgery , Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NHS Trust , Newcastle upon Tyne , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Gareth Dobson
- b Department of Neurosurgery , Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NHS Trust , Newcastle upon Tyne , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Fabrice Ly
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust Hull , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Daniel P Brown
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust Hull , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Gerry O'Reilly
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust Hull , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Questionnaire. OBJECTIVES Iatrogenic dural tear is a complication of spinal surgery with significant morbidity and cost to the health care system. The optimal management is unclear, and therefore we aimed to survey current practices among Canadian practitioners. METHODS A questionnaire was administered to members of the Canadian Neurological Surgical Society designed to explore methods of closure of iatrogenic durotomy. RESULTS Spinal surgeons were surveyed anonymously with a 55% response rate (n = 91). For pinhole-sized tears, there is no agreement in the methods of closure, with a trend toward sealant fixation (36.7%). Medium- and large-sized tears are predominantly closed with sutures and sealant (67% and 80%, respectively). Anterior tears are managed without primary closure (40.2%), or using sealant alone (48%). Posterior tears are treated with a combination of sutures and sealant (73.8%). Nerve root tears are treated with either sealant alone (50%), or sutures and sealant (37.8%). Tisseal is the preferred sealant (79.7%) over alternatives. With the exception of pin-hole sized tears (39.5%) most respondents recommended bed rest for at least 24 hours in the setting of medium (73.2%) and large (89.1%) dural tears. CONCLUSIONS This study elucidates the areas of uncertainty with regard to iatrogenic dural tear management. There is disagreement regarding management of anterior and nerve root tears, pinhole-sized tears in any location of the spine, and whether patients should be admitted to hospital or should be on bed rest following a pinhole-sized dural tear. There is a need for a robust comparative research study of dural repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kesava Reddy
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada,Kesava Reddy, Department of Neurosurgery, McMaster University, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, Ontario, L8 L 2X2, Canada.
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The use of a novel perfusion-based cadaveric simulation model with cerebrospinal fluid reconstitution comparing dural repair techniques: a pilot study. Spine J 2017; 17:1335-1341. [PMID: 28412565 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Watertight dural repair is crucial for both incidental durotomy and closure after intradural surgery. PURPOSE The study aimed to describe a perfusion-based cadaveric simulation model with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reconstitution and to compare spine dural repair techniques. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING The study is set in a fresh tissue dissection laboratory. SAMPLE SIZE The sample includes eight fresh human cadavers. OUTCOME MEASURES A watertight closure was achieved when pressurized saline up to 40 mm Hg did not cause further CSF leakage beyond the suture lines. METHODS Fresh human cadaveric specimens underwent cannulation of the intradural cervical spine for intrathecal reconstitution of the CSF system. The cervicothoracic dura was then exposed from C7-T12 via laminectomy. The entire dura was then opened in six cadavers (ALLSPINE) and closed with 6-0 Prolene (n=3) or 4-0 Nurolon (n=3), and pressurized with saline via a perfusion system to 60 mm Hg to check for leakage. In two cadavers (INCISION), six separate 2-cm incisions were made and closed with either 6-0 Prolene or 4-0 Nurolon, and then pressurized. A hydrogel sealant was then added and the closure was pressurized again to check for further leakage. RESULTS Spinal laminectomy with repair of intentional durotomy was successfully performed in eight cadavers. The operative microscope was used in all cases, and the model provided a realistic experience of spinal durotomy repair. For ALLSPINE cadavers (mean: 240 mm dura/cadaver repaired), the mean pressure threshold for CSF leakage was observed at 66.7 (±2.9) mm Hg in the 6-0 Prolene group and at 43.3 (±14.4) mm Hg in the 4-0 Nurolon group (p>.05). For INCISION cadavers, the mean pressure threshold for CSF leakage without hydrogel sealant was significantly higher in 6-0 Prolene group than in the 4-0 Nurolon group (6-0 Prolene: 80.0±4.5 mm Hg vs. 4-0 Nurolon: 32.5±2.7 mm Hg; p<.01). The mean pressure threshold for CSF leakage with the hydrogel sealants was not significantly different (6-0 Prolene: 100.0±0.0 mm Hg vs. 4-0 Nurolon: 70.0±33.1 mm Hg). The use of a hydrogel sealant significantly increased the pressure thresholds for possible CSF leakage in both the 6-0 Prolene group (p=.01) and the 4-0 Nurolon group (p<.01) when compared with mean pressures without the hydrogel sealant. CONCLUSIONS We described the feasibility of using a novel cadaveric model for both the study and training of watertight dural closure techniques. 6-0 Prolene was observed to be superior to 4-0 Nurolon for watertight dural closure without a hydrogel sealant. The use of a hydrogel sealant significantly improved watertight dural closures for both 6-0 Prolene and 4-0 Nurolon groups in the cadaveric model.
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Kester BS, Carpenter PM, Yu HJ, Nozaki T, Kaneko Y, Yoshioka H, Schwarzkopf R. T1ρ/T2 mapping and histopathology of degenerative cartilage in advanced knee osteoarthritis. World J Orthop 2017; 8:350-356. [PMID: 28473964 PMCID: PMC5396021 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v8.i4.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether normal thickness cartilage in osteoarthritic knees demonstrate depletion of proteoglycan or collagen content compared to healthy knees.
METHODS Magnetic resonance (MR) images were acquired from 5 subjects scheduled for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) (mean age 70 years) and 20 young healthy control subjects without knee pain (mean age 28.9 years). MR images of T1ρ mapping, T2 mapping, and fat suppressed proton-density weighted sequences were obtained. Following TKA each condyle was divided into 4 parts (distal medial, posterior medial, distal lateral, posterior lateral) for cartilage analysis. Twenty specimens (bone and cartilage blocks) were examined. For each joint, the degree and extent of cartilage destruction was determined using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International cartilage histopathology assessment system. In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis, 2 readers performed cartilage segmentation for T1ρ/T2 values and cartilage thickness measurement.
RESULTS Eleven areas in MRI including normal or near normal cartilage thickness were selected. The corresponding histopathological sections demonstrated mild to moderate osteoarthritis (OA). There was no significant difference in cartilage thickness in MRI between control and advanced OA samples [medial distal condyle, P = 0.461; medial posterior condyle (MPC), P = 0.352; lateral distal condyle, P = 0.654; lateral posterior condyle, P = 0.550], suggesting arthritic specimens were morphologically similar to normal or early staged degenerative cartilage. Cartilage T2 and T1ρ values from the MPC were significantly higher among the patients with advanced OA (P = 0.043). For remaining condylar samples there was no statistical difference in T2 and T1ρ values between cases and controls but there was a trend towards higher values in advanced OA patients.
CONCLUSION Though cartilage is morphologically normal or near normal, degenerative changes exist in advanced OA patients. These changes can be detected with T2 and T1ρ MRI techniques.
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Prasad GL. Incidence, Management, and Implications of Inadvertent Dural Tears in Lumbar Spine Surgeries. World Neurosurg 2017; 99:803-804. [PMID: 28314251 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.10.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Lakshmi Prasad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
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Kamenova M, Leu S, Mariani L, Schaeren S, Soleman J. Management of Incidental Dural Tear During Lumbar Spine Surgery. To Suture or Not to Suture? World Neurosurg 2015; 87:455-62. [PMID: 26700751 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Incidental durotomy (ID) during lumbar spine surgery is a frequent complication of growing clinical relevance as the number and complexity of spinal procedures increases. Yet, there is still a lack of guidelines for the treatment of ID with a large heterogeneity of established surgical techniques. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of dural suturing in patients having ID during degenerative lumbar spine surgery, compared with other dural closure techniques. METHODS Of 1173 consecutive patients undergoing degenerative lumbar spine surgery from July 2013 to March 2015, in 64 (5.4%) patients 69 (5.8%) IDs occurred. The patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the dural closure technique used: group A, sole dural suture (n = 12, 19%); group B, patch only (TachoSil and/or muscle and/or fat) (n = 22, 32%); group C, dural suture in combination with a patch (n = 34, 49%). The primary end point was revision surgery caused by complications of cerebrospinal fluid leakage after 6 weeks. The secondary end points were operation time and hospitalization time, as well as surgical morbidity. RESULTS The 3 groups showed no significant difference in rates of revision surgery (group A: n = 1, 1.4%; group B: n = 4, 5.8%; group C: n = 3; 4.3%; P = 0.5). Furthermore, no significant difference for hospitalization time, operation time, and clinical outcome was found. Extent of ID, American Society of Anesthesiology score, postoperative immobilization, and insertion of a drainage tube were not associated with higher rates of revision surgery. Applying suction once a drainage tube was placed was found to be a significant risk factor for revision surgery (P = 0.003). Furthermore, patients undergoing revision surgery had a significantly higher body mass index (33 kg/m(2) vs. 26.37 kg/m(2); P = 0.006; odds ratio 1.252; P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Based on our results, the dural closure technique after ID does not seem to influence revision surgery rates due to cerebrospinal fluid leakage and its complications. Further prospective randomized studies are needed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kamenova
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Spine Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Severina Leu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Spine Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Mariani
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schaeren
- Department of Spine Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jehuda Soleman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Spine Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Chen Z, Shao P, Sun Q, Zhao D. Risk factors for incidental durotomy during lumbar surgery: a retrospective study by multivariate analysis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2015; 130:101-4. [PMID: 25600349 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to use a prospectively collected data to evaluate the rate of incidental durotomy (ID) during lumbar surgery and determine the associated risk factors by using univariate and multivariate analysis. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 2184 patients who underwent lumbar surgery from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2011 at a single hospital. Patients with ID (n=97) were compared with the patients without ID (n=2019). The influences of several potential risk factors that might affect the occurrence of ID were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS The overall incidence of ID was 4.62%. Univariate analysis demonstrated that older age, diabetes, lumbar central stenosis, posterior approach, revision surgery, prior lumber surgery and minimal invasive surgery are risk factors for ID during lumbar surgery. However, multivariate analysis identified older age, prior lumber surgery, revision surgery, and minimally invasive surgery as independent risk factors. CONCLUSION Older age, prior lumber surgery, revision surgery, and minimal invasive surgery were independent risk factors for ID during lumbar surgery. These findings may guide clinicians making future surgical decisions regarding ID and aid in the patient counseling process to alleviate risks and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Energy Zibo Mining Group Co. Ltd Central Hospital, No.133 Zikuang Road, Zichuan District, Zibo, Shandong Province 255120, PR China
| | - Peng Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Energy Zibo Mining Group Co. Ltd Central Hospital, No.133 Zikuang Road, Zichuan District, Zibo, Shandong Province 255120, PR China
| | - Qizhao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Energy Zibo Mining Group Co. Ltd Central Hospital, No.133 Zikuang Road, Zichuan District, Zibo, Shandong Province 255120, PR China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Energy Zibo Mining Group Co. Ltd Central Hospital, No.133 Zikuang Road, Zichuan District, Zibo, Shandong Province 255120, PR China.
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Gautschi OP, Stienen MN, Smoll NR, Corniola MV, Schaller K. Incidental durotomy in lumbar spine surgery - is there still a role for flat bed rest? Spine J 2014; 14:2522-3. [PMID: 25256900 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver P Gautschi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Clinic Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Genève 14, Switzerland
| | - Martin N Stienen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital St Gallen, Rorschacher Strasse 95, 9007 St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas R Smoll
- Gippsland Medical School, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marco V Corniola
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Clinic Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Genève 14, Switzerland
| | - Karl Schaller
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Clinic Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Genève 14, Switzerland
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Gautschi OP, Stienen MN, Smoll NR, Corniola MV, Tessitore E, Schaller K. Incidental durotomy in lumbar spine surgery--a three-nation survey to evaluate its management. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2014; 156:1813-20. [PMID: 25047813 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-014-2177-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it is generally accepted that incidental durotomies (ID) should be primarily repaired, the current literature shows no consensus regarding the peri- and postoperative management in case of ID during lumbar spine surgery. Because ID is a rather frequent complication and may be associated with significant disability, we were interested to analyze the current handling of ID in three European countries. METHODS In March 2014, members of the Swiss, German, and Austrian neurosurgical and spine societies were asked to complete an online questionnaire regarding the management of ID during and after lumbar spine surgery. Two, respectively 4 weeks after the first invitation, reminder requests were sent to all invitees, who had not already responded at that time. RESULTS There were 175 responses from 397 requests (44.1 %). Responders were predominantly neurosurgeons (89.7 %; 10.3 % were orthopedic surgeons), of which 45.7, 40.0, and 17.8 % work in a non-university hospital, university hospital, and private clinic, respectively. As for the perioperative management of ID, 19.4 % of the responders suggest only bed rest, while, depending on the extent of the ID, 84.0 % suggest additional actions, TachoSil/Spongostan with fibrin glue or a similar product and single suture repair being the most mentioned. Concerning epidural wound drainage in case of ID, 37.2 % desist from placing an epidural wound drainage with or without aspiration, 30.9 % place it sometimes, and 33.7 % place it regularly, but only without aspiration. Most responders prescribe bed rest for 24 (34.9 %) or 48 h (28.0 %), with much fewer prescribing bed rest for 72 h (6.3 %) and none more than 72 h, and 14.9 % of participants never prescribe bed rest. The vast majority of physicians (82.9 %, n = 145) always inform their patients after the operation in case of ID. CONCLUSIONS There is substantial heterogeneity in the management of incidental durotomies. The majority of spine surgeons today aim at complete/sufficient primary repair of the ID with varying recommendations concerning postoperative bed rest. Still, there is a trend towards early mobilization if the incidental durotomy has been closed completely/sufficiently with no participant favoring bed rest for more than 72 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver P Gautschi
- Département de Neurosciences cliniques, Service de Neurochirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211, Genève 14, Switzerland,
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Grannum S, Patel MS, Attar F, Newey M. Dural tears in primary decompressive lumbar surgery. Is primary repair necessary for a good outcome? EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2014; 23:904-8. [PMID: 24469883 PMCID: PMC3960432 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-013-3159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Case control series with prospective data collection. OBJECTIVE To establish whether incidental durotomy treated without primary suture repair adversely affects the outcome following lumbar surgery in the longer term. METHOD Outcome scores from a prospective database were used for an audit of dural tears in primary lumbar decompressive surgery. Outcome data collected includes the Short Form 36 General Health Questionnaire (SF36), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Visual Analogue Scores for leg pain (VAL) and back pain (VAB). RESULTS Out of 200 consecutive procedures, a dural tear occurred in 19 (9.5%) patients. Of 19 patients with a dural tear, data was incomplete in 4 patients, and 1 further patient who had their dural tear sutured was excluded, leaving 14 patients to be studied. There were seven males and seven females, with an average age of 50.8 years (31-69). These 14 patients (group 1) were compared to a matched group (age, sex, surgical diagnosis and duration of follow-up) of 14 patients (group 2) with no tear. Both groups had similar pre-operative scores. At 6-month follow-up, both groups had significant improvements in all outcomes measures except for the general health domain of the SF-36. At final follow-up, patients with dural tears appeared to have better improvements in outcome measures amongst the VAB, VAL and ODI with similar scores in the SF-36 domains. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that incidental durotomy in primary lumbar decompressive surgery can be successfully managed without primary suture repair with no adverse effect on surgical outcome in the longer term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Grannum
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, LE5 4PW, United Kingdom,
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Yoshihara H, Yoneoka D. Incidental dural tear in spine surgery: analysis of a nationwide database. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2014; 23:389-94. [PMID: 24212480 PMCID: PMC3906460 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-013-3091-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to report the incidence of dural tear (DT) in spine surgery, risk factors, and patient outcomes on a national level. METHODS Clinical data were obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 2009. Patients who underwent spine surgery were identified and, among them, patients who had DT were identified, according to the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes. Patient and hospital demographic data were retrieved. The incidence of DT and in-hospital patient outcomes were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for DT. RESULTS The incidence of DT was 2.7 % (17,932/665,818). Multivariate analysis revealed that older age, female gender, increased Elixhauser comorbidity score, and high hospital caseload were the significant risk factors for DT. Comparison between patients with and without DT showed that those with DT had significantly higher overall in-hospital complications (18.8 vs. 10.2 %), higher in-hospital mortality rate (0.4 vs. 0.3 %), longer hospital stays (5.1 vs. 3.7 days), lower proportion discharged home routinely (61.0 vs. 76.8 %), and increased total hospital charges ($85,138 vs. $71,808), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The reported incidence of DT in spine surgery was 2.7 % in the US. Risk factors included older age, female gender, increased comorbidities, and high hospital caseload. DT increased the rate of in-hospital complications and mortality and health care burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yoshihara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, 301 East 17th St., New York, NY, 10003, USA,
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