Different types of tumor microvessels in stage I-IIIA squamous cell lung cancer and their clinical significance

doi:10.5306/wjco.v15.i5.614

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology

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Retrospective Cohort Study

World J Clin Oncol. May 24, 2024; 15(5): 614-634
Published online May 24, 2024. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i5.614

Table 1 Baseline patient clinicopathological and treatment information

Clinical and pathological data	Patient groups				Significance level (P value)
	Main cohort (n = 180)		Training cohort (n = 62)
	n	%	n	%
Age (yr)
< 60	60	33.3	20	32.3	0.897
60-69	98	54.5	33	53.2
≥ 70	22	12.2	9	14.5
Tumor location
Central	119	66.1	38	61.3	0.493
Peripheral	61	33.9	24	38.7	0.493
Comorbidity
Absence	22	12.2	8	12.3	0.888
Presence	158	87.8	54	87.7	0.888
Histology
KSCC	56	31.1	21	33.9	0.687
NKSCC	124	68.9	41	66.1	0.687
Tumor grade
G1	57	31.7	23	37.1	0.325
G2	88	48.9	32	51.6
G3	35	19.4	7	11.3
T stage
T1a	9	5.0	8	12.9	0.039^a
T1b	15	8.3	6	9.7
T2a	82	45.6	34	54.8
T2b	17	9.4	5	8.1
T3	57	31.7	9	14.5
N stage
N0	48	26.7	22	35.5	0.411
N1	88	48.9	26	41.9
N2	44	24.4	14	22.6
Stage
I	30	16.7	20	32.3	0.03^a
II	73	40.6	22	32.4
III	77	42.8	20	32.3
Type of surgery
Lobectomy	84	46.7	40	64.4	0.001^a
Bilobectomy	6	3.3	5	8.1
Pneumonectomy	86	47.8	13	21.0
Segmentectomy	4	2.2	4	6.5
Adjuvant therapy
Absent	51	28.3	27	43.5	0.002^a
Chemotherapy	68	37.8	10	16.1
Radiation therapy	38	21.1	21	33.9
Chemo- and radiotherapy	23	12.8	4	6.5

^aP < 0.05, the differences between groups are statistically significant.

KSCC: Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma; NKSCC: Nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma.

Table 2 Correlations between different types of tumor microvessels and characteristics of the parenchymal and stromal components of lung squamous cell carcinoma

	Fragmentation in the tumor solid component		The presence of LFFCT in the tumor stroma		Retraction clefts		Tumor spread in the AASs
	Gamma	P value	Gamma	P value	Gamma	P value	Gamma	P value
MVD	0.240	0.24	0.034	0.84	0.042	0.79	-0.537	0.002^a
DCs	0.064	0.66	0.014	0.90	0.211	0.06	-0.251	0.04^a
ADCs	0.555	0.0006^a	-0.537	0.0005^a	0.115	0.45	0.248	0.15
SPELs	0.071	0.65	0.124	0.43	0.517	0.0006^a	0.435	0.007^a
DCs with weak expression of CD34	0.297	0.14	0.943	0.0000^a	0.193	0.21	-0.210	0.22
Contact-type DCs	0.344	0.03^a	0.502	0.001^a	0.666	0.0000^a	-0.077	0.66
The capillaries in the tumor solid component	0.040	0.82	0.009	0.96	0.231	0.16	-0.069	0.72
LVs in lymphoid and polymorphic cell infiltrates	-0.538	0.001^a	0.054	0.75	0.284	0.07	0.302	0.08

^aP < 0.05, the differences between groups are statistically significant.

AASs: Alveolar air spaces; ADCs: Atypical dilated capillaries; DCs: Dilated capillaries; LFFCT: Loose, fine fibrous connective tissue in the tumor stroma; LVs: Lymphatic vessels; MVD: Microvessel density; SPELs: Structures with partial endothelial lining; CD34: Cluster of differentiation 34.

Table 3 Univariate and multifactorial logistic regression analysis of risk factors for regional lymph node metastases in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma

Characteristic	Univariate analysis, OR (95%CI)	P value	Multivariate analysis, OR (95%CI)	P value
Age
< 60	1	-
60-69	1.48 (0.71-3.07)	0.291
≥ 70	0.75 (0.27-2.10)	0.584
Tumor location
Peripheral	1	-	1	-
Central	4.77 (2.36-9.63)	0.0000^a	7.80 (3.33-18.26)	0.0000^a
Histology
KSCC	1	-
NKSCC	0.77 (0.37-1.60)	0.482
Tumor grade
G1	1	-
G2	1.07 (0.50-2.29)	0.858
G3	0.78 (0.31-1.97)	0.597
T stage
T1a	1	-	1	-
T1b	5.50 (0.91-33.18)	0.063	4.93 (0.76-31.78)	0.093
T2a	6.20 (1.42-27.09)	0.015^a	2.82 (0.59-13.53)	0.195
T2b	9.33 (1.45-60.21)	0.019^a	5.27 (0.75-37.28)	0.096
T3	5.60 (1.24-25.25)	0.026^a	1.66 (0.31-8.80)	0.551
DCs with weak expression of CD34
Absence	1	-
Presence	1.10 (0.56-2.15)	0.783
DCs of "contact type"
Presence	1	-
Absence	1.67 (0.86-3.25)	0.13
The capillaries in the tumor solid component
Absence	1	-	1	-
Presence	2.89 (1.33-6.28)	0.008^a	2.72 (1.14-6.48)	0.023^a
LFFCT in the tumor stroma
Absence	1	-
Presence	0.70 (0.32-1.55)	0.383
Fragmentation in the tumor solid component
Absence	1	-	1	-
Presence	2.55 (1.28-5.06)	0.008^a	3.03 (1.33-6.94)	0.009^a
Retraction clefts
Absence	1	-	1	-
Presence	2.62 (1.33-5.16)	0.005^a	3.52 (1.56-7.96)	0.003^a
Tumor spread through the AAS
Absence	1	-
Presence	0.72 (0.37-1.42)	0.342

^aP < 0.05, the differences between groups are statistically significant.

AASs: Alveolar air spaces; DCs: Dilated capillaries; KSCC: Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma; LFFCT: Loose, fine fibrous connective tissue in the tumor stroma; NKSCC: Nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma; OR: Odds ratio.

Table 4 Univariate and multivariate analyses for the predictors of disease recurrence in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma

Characteristic	Univariate analysis, OR (95%CI)	P value	Multivariate analysis, OR (95%CI)	P value
Age
< 60	1	-
60-69	1.87 (0.97-3.58)	0.06
≥ 70	2.45 (0.89-6.72)	0.082
Tumor location
Peripheral	1	-	1	-
Central	1.86 (0.99-3.47)	0.052^a	1.04	0.92
Histology
KSCC	1	-
NKSCC	1.79 (0.94-3.38)	0.075
Tumor grade
G1	1	-	1	-
G2	1.51 (0.76-2.95)	0.232	1.36 (0.59-3.01)	0.466
G3	3.44 (1.39-8.48)	0.007^a	4.24 (1.37-13.14)	0.001^a
T stage
T1a	1	-
T1b	7.00 (1.04-46.95)	0.045^a
T2a	4.26 (0.83-21.74)	0.082
T2b	5.00 (0.79-31.62)	0.087
T3	3.38 (0.65-17.69)	0.149
N stage
N0	1	-	1	-
N1	2.00 (0.97-4.11)	0.059	1.89 (0.81-4.39)	0.137
N2	3.22 (1.37-7.57)	0.007^a	3.43 (1.26-9.34)	0.016^a
Stage
I	1	-	1	-
II	2.17 (0.89-5.27)	0.088	1.87 (0.45-7.69)	0.385
III	3.13 (1.29-7.60)	0.012^a	3.44 (0.50-23.49)	0.207
Adjuvant therapy
Radiation therapy	1	-	1	-
Chemo- and radiotherapy	1.41 (0.50-3.97)	0.513	0.57 (0.16-1.98)	0.376
Chemotherapy	3.02	0.008	2.07 (0.78-5.53)	0.146
DCs with weak expression of CD34
Absence	1	-	1	-
Presence	4.26 (2.25-8.05)	0.0000^a	1.18 (0.43-3.23)	0.749
Contact-type DCs
Absence	1	-
Presence	0.97 (0.54-1.75)	0.934
The capillaries in the tumor solid component
Absence	1	-	1	-
Presence	2.32 (1.24-4.35)	0.008^a	1.20 (0.56-2.59)	0.638
LFFCT in the tumor stroma
Absence	1	-	1	-
Presence	6.24 (2.85-13.67)	0.0000^a	7.34 (3.03-17.76)	0.0000^a
Fragmentation of the tumor solid component
Absence	1	-	1	-
Presence	3.03 (1.58-5.82)	0.0009^a	5.23 (2.27-12.07)	0.0001^a
Retraction clefts
Absence	1	-
Presence	0.71 (0.38-1.29)	0.262
Tumor spread through the AASs
Presence	1	-	1	-
Absence	2.06 (1.13-3.76)	0.019^a	3.37 (1.22-5.66)	0.0083^a

^aP < 0.05, the differences between groups are statistically significant.

Citation: Senchukova MA, Kalinin EA, Volchenko NN. Different types of tumor microvessels in stage I-IIIA squamous cell lung cancer and their clinical significance. World J Clin Oncol 2024; 15(5): 614-634
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-4333/full/v15/i5/614.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5306/wjco.v15.i5.614