Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Clin Oncol. Mar 24, 2023; 14(3): 99-116
Published online Mar 24, 2023. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i3.99
Table 1 Classification of Budd-Chiari syndrome
Ref.
Type
Site of obstruction
Chaubal et al[46]IObstruction of IVC with or without secondary hepatic vein occlusion
IIObstruction of major hepatic veins
IIIObstruction of small centrilobular veins (considered by some as veno-occlusive disease)
Patil et al[48]ILesions of the IVC
IIaShort segment (< 4 cm) lesion of the hepatic vein
IIbDiffuse lesion of the hepatic vein
IIIMixed type with lesions of IVC and the hepatic vein
Bansal et al[47]IHepatic vein obstruction or thrombosis without IVC obstruction or compression
IIHepatic vein obstruction or thrombosis with IVC obstruction or thrombosis
IIIIsolated hepatic venous webs
IVIsolated IVC webs
Table 2 Acute-on-chronic manifestation of Budd-Chiari syndrome classification
Type
Description of pathology
AAcute hepatic vein thrombosis or stent block precipitates ACLF in a BCS
BNon-thrombotic acute insult precipitates ACLF in a chronic BCS
CAcute hepatic vein thrombosis precipitates ACLF in a non-vascular chronic
Liver disease
Table 3 Clinical characteristics of Budd-Chiari syndrome based on geographic region of the studied population[15,58-62]
Clinical characteristicsPercentage in various geographic regions
Egypt
France
Sweden
China
Japan
United States
Algeria
Ascites/Abdominal distension8274.48851.931.229.974.8
Abdominal fullness----26.1--
Abdominal discomfort----17.8--
Abdominal pain9672.481-2.5-42.6
Cirrhosis-----18.6-
Hepatomegaly5070.172-54.7--
Splenomegaly4249.166----
Esophageal varices-54.867--7.4-
Hematemesis/Variceal bleed36-9168.33.2-
Melena ----2.5--
Jaundice1620.329-5.7-13.9
Fever-20.127---15.7
Hydrothorax-13.0-----
Acute kidney injury-----18.8-
History of recurrent abortions6------
History of previous thrombosis10----7-
Recurrent orogenital ulcers4------
Leg ulcers2---3.8--
Lower limb edema68--58.931.8-13
Dilated abdominal veins40--5727.3--
Hepatic encephalopathy36-120.7-9.55.2
Ileus--21----
General malaise----12.1--
Acute respiratory failure-----7-