Immune microenvironment of medulloblastoma: The association between its molecular subgroups and potential targeted immunotherapeutic receptors

Table 1 The most recent active and recruiting clinical trials of medulloblastoma that are targeting immune receptors or using different chemotherapeutic agents

Clinical Trial	Trial objective	Samples	Targeted subgroup	Completion date
NCT01878617	Clinical and molecular risk directed therapy of newly diagnosed MB	660	WNT, non-WNT, SHH	2028
NCT00089245	Intrathecal radioimmunotherapy using I-8H9	120	8H9 reactive MB confirmed by IHC	2024
NCT02905110	Simultaneous methotrexate/etoposide infusion	10	All MB subtypes	2023
NCT02962167	Modified measles virus (MV-NIS)	46	All MB subtypes	2024
NCT02271711	Expanded NK cells infusion with recurrent medulloblastoma	12	All MB subtypes	2023
NCT02359565	Pembrolizumab in patient with recurrent medulloblastoma	45	All MB subtypes	2023
NCT03389802	APX005M, a humanized IgG1κ monoclonal Ab that binds to CD40	45	MB with CD40 activity	2023
NCT03299309	PEP (CMV)-specific peptide vaccine in medulloblastoma	30	All MB subtypes	2024
NCT03598244	Volitinib, a small molecule inhibitor of c-Met in recurrent MB	50	All MB subtypes	2023
NCT03173950	Nivolumab, Immune check point inhibitor, in refractory MB	180	All MB subtypes	2024
NCT03500991	HER2-Specific CAR T-cell locoregional immunotherapy	48	Her-2 expressed medulloblastoma	2039
NCT01356290	Antiangiogenic therapy for recurrent medulloblastoma	100	All MB subtypes	2026
NCT03911388	G207, an oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV)	15	All MB subtypes	2025
NCT03638167	EGFR806-specific CAR T-cell locoregional immunotherapy	36	EGFR positive tumours	2040
NCT03893487	Fimepinostat, a small molecule inhibitor in young MB	30	All MB subtypes	2027
NCT03709680	Palbociclib in combination with temozolomide and irinotecan	184	All MB subtypes	2028
NCT03904862	CX-4945 inhibitor of casein kinase II (CK2) tolerability	60	SHH-medulloblastoma	2028
NCT03936465	BMS-986158, a bromodomain inhibitor	66	MYCN amplification or BRD3 translocation MB	2024
NCT02650401	Entrectinib (RXDX-101), a TRKA/B/C, ROS1, and ALK inhibitor	68	MB harboring- NTRK1/2/3, ROS1, ALK fusions	2027
NCT03210714	Erdafitinib, an oral pan-FGFR inhibitor	49	Mutations in the FGFR1/2/3/4 pathway	2024
NCT03213678	Samotolisib, a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor	24	PI3K/MTOR activating mutations	2024
NCT03213704	Larotrectinib, NTRK fusion inhibitor for medulloblastoma	49	MB with NTRK fusions	2024
NCT03213665	Tazemetostat, a small molecule EZH2 inhibitor	20	EZH2, SMARCB1, or SMARCA4 mutations	2023
NCT03233204	Olaparib for refractory or aggressive medulloblastoma	29	Defects in DNA damage repair genes	2024
NCT04023669	LY2606368, a molecularly targeted CHK1/2 inhibitor	21	Group3/Group4; SHH; indeterminate types	2026
NCT03526250	Palbociclib (Pediatric MATCH treating trials	49	Rb positive solid tumours	2025
NCT02444546	Wild-Type Reovirus in Combination with Sargramostim	06	All MB subtypes	2026
NCT04185038	B7-H3-Specific CAR-T Cell Locoregional Immunotherapy	90	All MB subtypes	2041
NCT01601184	Vismodegib combined with Temozolomide	24	SHH-MB group	2023
NCT03155620	Targeted therapy directed by genetic testing	2316	All MB subtypes	2027
NCT00089245	Iodine I 131 monoclonal antibody 8H9	120	All MB subtypes	2025
NCT02271711	Natural killer cell therapy	12	All MB subtypes
NCT04315064	Infusion of Panobinostat (MTX110)	5	All MB subtypes	2024
NCT04743661	131I-Omburtamab in recurrent medulloblastoma	62	All MB subtypes	2030
NCT03257631	Pomalidomide onotherapy for recurrent or progressive MB	53	All MB subtypes	2023
NCT04320888	Selpercatinib for treatment of advanced medulloblastoma	49	Tumour with activating RET alteration	2027

ALK: Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase; CMV: Cytomegalovirus; EGFR: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor; MB: Medulloblastoma; PEP: Post-exposure prophylaxis; SHH: Sonic-hedgehog; IHC: Immunohistochemistry; RET: Rearranged in transfection; NK: Natural killer; WNT: Wingless.