The immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), anti-programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) antibody, has gained widespread approval for treating various malignancies. Among the immune-related adverse reactions (irAEs) during ICI treatment, the lichenoid reaction is noteworthy. Sintilimab, a new PD-1 inhibitor, has secured approval in China for treating refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and phase I/II clinical trials for other solid tumors are ongoing both domestically and abroad. This paper presents a case of a mucocutaneous lichenoid reaction associated with sintilimab therapy, its diagnosis, and management. Our study, using multiplex immunofluorescence staining, reveals localized infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the subepithelial lamina propria region with upregulated PD-1 expression, implying an association between PD-1 expression upregulation and lichenoid reactions provoked by PD-1 monoclonal antibody. We provide a summary of clinical characteristics and treatment guidelines for lichenoid reactions induced by ICIs from previous reports, highlighting the success of a combined therapeutic regimen of oral antihistamines and topical corticosteroids in controlling symptoms without interrupting ICI treatment.

Since the start of the 21st century, prostate cancer with lung metastasis (PCLM) has accumulated significant scientific research output. However, a systematic knowledge framework for PCLM is still lacking.

To reconstruct the global knowledge system in the field of PCLM, sort out hot research directions, and provide reference for the clinical and mechanism research of PCLM.

We retrieved 280 high-quality papers from the Web of Science Core Collection and conducted a bibliometric analysis of keywords, publication volume, and citation frequency. Additionally, we selected differentially expressed genes from global high-throughput datasets and performed enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction analysis to further summarize and explore the mechanisms of PCLM.

PCLM has received extensive attention over the past 22 years, but there is an uneven spatial distribution in PCLM research. In the clinical aspect, the treatment of PCLM is mainly based on chemotherapy and immunotherapy, while diagnosis relies on methods such as prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography. In the basic research aspect, the focus is on cell adhesion molecules and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, among others. Traditional treatments, such as chemotherapy, remain the mainstay of PCLM treatment, while novel approaches such as immunotherapy have limited effectiveness in PCLM. This study reveals for the first time that pathways related to coronavirus disease 2019, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and ribosome are closely associated with PCLM.

Future research should focus on exploring and enhancing mechanisms such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and ribosome and improve existing mechanisms like cadherin binding and cell adhesion molecules.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a revolutionary therapy in advanced squamous non-small cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC) and ushered a new era of immunotherapy. Despite of remarkable outcomes, a wide spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) was reported, among which cutaneous reactions were the most common. Cutaneous irAEs were mainly managed by glucocorticoids, whereas prolonged use of glucocorticoids may cuase kinds of side effects, especially in elderly paitients, and diminish the anti-tumor efficacy of ICIs, thus finding a safe and effective alternative approach to managing cutaneous irAEs is imperative.

A 71-year-old man who was diagnosed with advanced sqNSCLC suffered from sporadic maculopapulars one week later after the fifth cycle of sintilimab treatment, and the skin lesions had been deteriorating rapidly. Skin biopsy revealed epidermal parakeratosis with a dense band-like lymphocytic infiltrate and acanthosis, indicating a diagnosis of immune-induced lichenoid dermatitis. Oral administration of traditional Chinese herbal formula modified Weiling decoction significantly alleviated the symptoms of the patient. The dosage of Weiling decoction were maintained for about three months without recurrence of cutaneous adverse reactions and any other side effects. The patient refused to receive further anti-tumor medication and stayed alive without disease progression at follow up.

We present modified Weiling decoction successfully ameliorates immune-induced lichenoid dermatitis in a patient with sqNSCLC for the first time. This report indicates that Weiling decoction may be an effective and safe complementary or alternative approach for the treatment of cutaneous irAEs. Further investigation of the underling mechanism is required in the future.

Immune Checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are linked to a series of adverse systemic and/or oral side effects such as "stomatitis," "oral inflammation" and "mucositis." These oral lesions induced by target therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors are different from traditional lesions associated with chemo/radiotherapy and they have not yet been correctly characterized. This paper aims to report retrospectively the oral immune-related adverse events caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors.

A table in electronic format was prepared and sent by e-mail to several clinical structures in order to collect, for each patient, anamnestic data, discretionary habits, systemic risk factors, the presence and number of comorbidities, and the characteristics of the oral lesions in the course of oncological therapy with anti-PD1 (nivolumab, pembrolizumab). Following the collection of anamnestic and clinical data relating to patients treated with anti-PD1 (nivolumab, pembrolizumab) and the detection of oral lesions, data analysis was carried out.

A number of 364 patients treated with nivolumab (209) and pembrolizumab (155), administered intravenously at a therapeutic dose were selected. There have been cases of oral adverse effects in treated patients. The oral adverse effects found fell into the categories of stomatitis, xerostomia, candidiasis and taste disturbances. Analyzing the incidence of oral lesions in patients undergoing treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors, there was no significant difference between the two drugs examined.

Further studies are certainly needed to catalog, focus and identify in advance the adverse effects, including oral ones, in patients treated with ICI type PD1/PDL-1. It is necessary, for the benefit of patients, to pay particular attention to the adverse effects in order to recognize, treat and possibly modulate the therapy with an adequate assessment of the cost/benefit ratio and quality of life.