|
1
|
Salabat D, Sarrafzadeh S, Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Rezaei N, Khosravi S, Golestani A, Kompani F, Akbarpour S. Cancer screening and its associated factors in hypertensive individuals: new insights from the 2021 STEPs national study in Iran. BMC Public Health 2025; 25:1454. [PMID: 40247251 PMCID: PMC12007175 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-025-22423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2025] [Indexed: 04/19/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer continues to be a major cause of death worldwide with almost 10 million deaths from cancer each year and a significant financial burden on healthcare systems. Hypertension can increase the risk of developing certain cancers and their complications, necessitating higher screening rates in the hypertensive population. Although screening for cancer can reduce mortality rates and help with early diagnosis, the screening rates in Iran are far below the optimal level. This study aimed to identify factors associated with cancer screening participation among hypertensive individuals. METHODS We utilized data from the STEPs 2021 survey, a large-scale nation-wide cross-sectional study conducted in Iran to assess non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors. The survey followed the WHO's STEPwise approach and included adults aged 18 and older from both urban and rural areas of 31 provinces of Iran. The effect of each covariate on different types of cancer screening was determined using odds ratios (ORs) which were estimated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS We found that screening rates were significantly influenced by age, marital status, employment, wealth, and residential area. Middle-aged women were more likely to participate in breast and cervical cancer screenings, whereas prostate cancer screening was more common among men aged 70 and older. Furthermore, awareness and control of hypertension, a history of cancer, comorbid chronic diseases, and receiving lifestyle advice were all associated with increased screening participation. Lifestyle scores, BMI, education level, and insurance coverage were all linked to higher screening rates for most cancer types. CONCLUSION Despite these findings, cancer screening rates in Iran remain alarmingly low, particularly among high-risk groups such as hypertensive individuals. Urgent reforms and targeted strategies are required to increase screening uptake and enhance early detection efforts in populations at risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Salabat
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sheida Sarrafzadeh
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazila Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepehr Khosravi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Golestani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Kompani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Children'S Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Akbarpour
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Sleep Breathing Disorders Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Alanazi WN, Mohamed GM, Alosaimi NS, Alosaimi LM. Breast cancer awareness, knowledge and self-screening intention among females in Northern Border of Saudi Arabia, Arar City. BMC Public Health 2025; 25:964. [PMID: 40069709 PMCID: PMC11899163 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-025-22092-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females, and early detection plays a crucial role in disease management. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, practices, and barriers related to breast self-examination (BSE) and mammography among Saudi women in Arar City, Saudi Arabia. METHOD A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using an online Google Form distributed to women in Arar City. The survey collected sociodemographic data and assessed knowledge, practices, and barriers related to BSE and mammography. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 27.0.1, with significance set at p < 0.05. RESULTS The study included 385 females, with women aged 19-25 constituting nearly one-third of the population (n = 118; 30.6%). Most participants were married (n = 217; 56.4%) and held a bachelor's degree (n = 281; 73%). While 84.2% (n = 324) had heard of BSE and 80% (n = 308) demonstrated good knowledge, only 33.5% (n = 129) reported performing BSE. Regarding mammography, only 19.5% (n = 75) reported undergoing screening, despite 65.1% (n = 247) recognizing it as a safe procedure. Educational level (p = 0.018), prior knowledge of BSE (p = 0.009), and history of breast problems (p = 0.027) were significantly associated with higher knowledge scores. CONCLUSION While women demonstrated good awareness and knowledge of BSE, its practice remains low, with many unaware of proper techniques, timing, and frequency. Mammography awareness and utilization were also limited, emphasizing the need for targeted educational campaigns to promote early detection and improve screening behaviours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waad Nawaf Alanazi
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, North Medical Tower Hospital, Northern Borders Health Cluster, Arar, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ghofran Mahgoub Mohamed
- General Surgery Specialists, Prince Abdulaziz Bin Musaed Hospital, Northern Borders Health Cluster, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Alsalamah RA. Critical Diagnostic Delay Thresholds in Breast Cancer: A Molecular Subtype-Based Causal Analysis From Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2025; 17:e81106. [PMID: 40271317 PMCID: PMC12017878 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.81106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2025] [Indexed: 04/25/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diagnostic delays in breast cancer can significantly affect treatment outcomes. Currently, the causal mechanisms and critical time thresholds remain poorly defined across the different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. We investigated the relationship between diagnostic delays and breast cancer outcomes based on the data from our center, with a focus on identifying actionable intervention points within the diagnostic pathway. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 802 breast cancer patients treated at King Fahad Specialist Hospital in Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia (2017-2024). Using directed acyclic graphs and mediation analysis, we quantified the causal pathways through which delays impact the outcomes. Markov chain modeling was utilized to determine the molecular subtype-specific critical thresholds where stage migration probability exceeds 10%. Results We found that 589 patients (73.5%) experienced high-risk delays (over two months). Stage migration emerged as the primary mediator, accounting for 67.3% (95% CI: 58.4-76.1%) of the total effect of delays on survival. We have identified multiple critical thresholds across molecular subtypes: 38 days for triple-negative, 52 days for HER2-positive, and 85 days for ER+/PR+/HER2- tumors. Hazard ratios for mortality increased progressively with delay duration, from 1.18 (95% CI: 1.05-1.32) for delays of two weeks to one month to 2.35 (95% CI: 2.06-2.67) for delays that are equal to or more than one year, translating to an average 3.40 life years lost per patient. Conclusions The impact of diagnostic delays on breast cancer outcomes is fundamentally governed by tumor biology, with significant vulnerability thresholds aligned with molecular aggressiveness. Our findings support applying a biologically informed triage system where molecular characteristics determine maximum acceptable diagnostic intervals. Using the suggested approach, we may achieve a better balance in the resource constraints with biological imperatives, and possibly improve survival outcomes without proportional increases in healthcare expenditure.
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Albanghali MA, Alnemari RK, Al Ghamdi RB, Gomaa FAM, Alzahrani TA, Al Ghamdi AS, Albanghali BM, Kofiah YM, Alhassan EM, Othman BA. Assessing Breast Cancer Awareness Among Women in Al Baha, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Breast Cancer Awareness Measure (BCAM). Med Sci (Basel) 2025; 13:24. [PMID: 40137444 PMCID: PMC11943982 DOI: 10.3390/medsci13010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2025] [Revised: 02/14/2025] [Accepted: 02/18/2025] [Indexed: 03/27/2025] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer (BC) awareness and preventive practices are critical for the early detection and effective management of the disease. This study aimed to assess the level of BC awareness among women residing in Al Baha, Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Breast Cancer Awareness Measure (BCAM) survey tool to evaluate BC awareness among female residents of Al Baha between June and July 2023. The sample was obtained through the snowball sampling technique. RESULTS A total of 1007 women participated in the study, with a mean age of 29 ± 10.9 years. Overall awareness of BC warning signs and risk factors was low, with 45% of participants demonstrating poor awareness. Significant positive associations were found between BC awareness and factors such as level of education (p = 0.020), employment status (p = 0.023), field of study for students (p < 0.0001), and average monthly family income (p = 0.001). Furthermore, 75% of participants rarely or never practiced breast self-examination, and only 37% of those invited to the Ministry of Health's screening program had attended. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight a significant lack of awareness and knowledge about BC among women in Al Baha. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted educational initiatives and awareness campaigns to address this knowledge gap and promote preventive practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Albanghali
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al Baha 65779, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rawan K. Alnemari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Baha University, Al Baha 65779, Saudi Arabia; (R.K.A.); (R.B.A.G.); (T.A.A.); (A.S.A.G.)
| | - Rhaff B. Al Ghamdi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Baha University, Al Baha 65779, Saudi Arabia; (R.K.A.); (R.B.A.G.); (T.A.A.); (A.S.A.G.)
| | - Fatma Alzahraa M. Gomaa
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Herbs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Baha University, Al Baha 65779, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Taif A. Alzahrani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Baha University, Al Baha 65779, Saudi Arabia; (R.K.A.); (R.B.A.G.); (T.A.A.); (A.S.A.G.)
| | - Alya S. Al Ghamdi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Baha University, Al Baha 65779, Saudi Arabia; (R.K.A.); (R.B.A.G.); (T.A.A.); (A.S.A.G.)
| | | | - Yasser M. Kofiah
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sciences Al-Baha University, Al Baha 65779, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Eltayeb M. Alhassan
- Department of Oral and Dental Health, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al Baha 65779, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Basim A. Othman
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al Baha 65779, Saudi Arabia;
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Mackawy AMH, Alharbi M, Badawy MEH, Alharbi HOA. Knowledge and Awareness of Obesity-Related Breast Cancer Risk Among Women in the Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2025; 13:278. [PMID: 39942467 PMCID: PMC11816457 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare13030278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2024] [Revised: 01/21/2025] [Accepted: 01/27/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a major health concern globally and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women in Saudi Arabia. Although peoples' awareness of BC risk factors has been previously examined, studies on obesity-related BC awareness in the Qassim region are inconclusive. We aimed to evaluate knowledge and awareness of obesity-related BC risk among Saudi women in the Qassim region. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a stratified random sampling technique of 400 Saudi women randomly selected from the Qassim region through an online platform and community health centers. An online closed-ended pretested validated structured questionnaire was completed by the participants using a Google Forms link. The categorical variables were frequency and percentage. The chi-square test was used to study the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Results: There is moderate to poor knowledge regarding breast cancer risk factors. The results showed poor knowledge about obesity after menopause as a risk factor for BC (49%). Over half of the participants (51.0%) did not consider obesity a BC risk factor. The need for self-examinations and mammogram screenings showed moderate (59.6%) and poor awareness levels (4.75%). Conclusions: The findings highlight a noticeable gap in knowledge and awareness about obesity-related BC risks, as well as a limited awareness of the need for breast self-examinations and mammogram screenings. These results underscore the urgent need for targeted awareness campaigns and educational programs in the Qassim region to address this critical health issue. Promoting breast self-examination practices, weight management, and regular mammogram screenings could significantly enhance early detection, improve prognosis, and reduce BC-related mortality among Saudi women in the Qassim region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Mohamad Husein Mackawy
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Almulaida 52571, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City 7120730, Egypt
| | - Manal Alharbi
- Medical Laboratory Specialist, Medical Laboratory, Applied Medical Sciences College, Qassim University, Almulaida 52571, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Hajed Obaid Abdullah Alharbi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Almulaida 52571, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
|
6
|
Kibria S, Firdaus S, Srivastava M, Sharma SK, Tanweer MK, Saini T, Kibria T. Knowledge and perception of cancer screening tests among Indian community. Bioinformation 2024; 20:1635-1640. [PMID: 40162452 PMCID: PMC11953554 DOI: 10.6026/9732063002001635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2024] [Revised: 11/30/2024] [Accepted: 11/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Health authorities can enhance the success of health screening programs and promotional campaigns by measuring the level of community awareness about cancer screening. Therefore, the primary purpose of this research was to evaluate the general population's understanding of cancer and its prevention in India. From January to June of 2023, a large-scale cross-sectional survey was conducted in India to gauge the general population's opinion on cancer screening. Researchers used a computerised, pre-structured questionnaire to collect data after reviewing the primary sources extensively. Digital surveying was used to disseminate the questionnaire, protecting the confidentiality and anonymity of all respondents. The Pearson chi-square test and the exact probability test were used to analyse the data in this study to uncover any underlying links in the study's sparse frequency distributions. The study's findings underscore the urgent need for increased education on cancer, cancer screening and risk reduction initiatives. Participants with chronic diseases and a cancer history in their families showed significantly higher levels of awareness, highlighting the potential for targeted education and screening programs to improve public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Kibria
- Department of Pathology, Nalanda Medical College & Hospital, Patna, Bihar India
| | - Soofia Firdaus
- Department of Microbiology College, Gouri Devi Institute Of Medical Sciences & Hospital Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Mahima Srivastava
- Department of General Surgery, Sri Krishna Medical College, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India
| | - Sushant Kumar Sharma
- Department of General Surgery, Sri Krishna Medical College, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India
| | - Md Khalid Tanweer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nalanda Medical College & Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Tushar Saini
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Liver Transplant, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Tauseef Kibria
- Department of General Surgery, Sri Krishna Medical College, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India
| |
Collapse
|
|
7
|
Ghunaim HA, Alatawi RE, Borhan WM, Daqqaq TS, Alhasan AS, Aboualkheir MM, Elkady RM. Accuracy of imaging of BI-RADS 4 subcategorizations in breast lesion diagnosis: Radiologic-pathologic correlation. Saudi Med J 2024; 45:1228-1237. [PMID: 39510580 PMCID: PMC11549613 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2024.45.11.20240001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/17/2024] [Indexed: 11/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To correlate breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) category 4 lesions with histopathology results to assess the accuracy of subcategorization. METHODS A retrospective study was carried out from September 2021 to June 2022. A total of 247 breast lesions were reviewed categorized as BI-RADS 4 using ultrasound (US) and digital mammography. Feature analysis of the lesions were obtained using BI-RADS terminology and assigned to subcategories (4A, 4B, and 4C). Pathological analysis was carried out on tissue obtained through US-guided core biopsy. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Of the 247 lesions, 135 were categorized as subcategory 4A, 68 as 4B, and 44 as 4C. Overall, 41 (16.6%) had malignant lesions, while 206 (83.4%) had benign lesions. The mean age of the patients with benign versus malignant lesions was (43.18±14.02 vs. 51.24±14.15 years; p<0.001). Mean size of benign versus malignant lesions was (1.93±1.65 vs. 3.82±3.89 cm; p<0.001). Findings were compared with histopathology, and the positive predictive value fell within the reference range for subcategories 4C (>70%). High reliability was observed between the 2 readers, with a weighted Cohen's Kappa value of 0.79 (0.73-0.85). Significant disagreements in the assignment of features on radiological lesion characterization were observed between the 2 readers regarding lesion density, shape, echo pattern, vascularity, and borders. CONCLUSION The results of this study contribute to the existing body of knowledge, emphasizing the need for standardized guidelines for the characterization of BI-RADS 4 subcategories and improved diagnostic accuracy in the management of breast lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel A. Ghunaim
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (Ghunaim, Daqqaq, Alhasan); from the Department of Basic Medical Science (Borhan), College of Medicine; from the Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Elkady), College of Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, from the Department of Radiology (Alatawi), King Fahad Medical Hospital, from the Department of Radiology (Alhasan), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Aboualkheir), College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and from the Department of Radiology (Elkady), Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Rana E. Alatawi
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (Ghunaim, Daqqaq, Alhasan); from the Department of Basic Medical Science (Borhan), College of Medicine; from the Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Elkady), College of Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, from the Department of Radiology (Alatawi), King Fahad Medical Hospital, from the Department of Radiology (Alhasan), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Aboualkheir), College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and from the Department of Radiology (Elkady), Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Walaa M. Borhan
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (Ghunaim, Daqqaq, Alhasan); from the Department of Basic Medical Science (Borhan), College of Medicine; from the Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Elkady), College of Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, from the Department of Radiology (Alatawi), King Fahad Medical Hospital, from the Department of Radiology (Alhasan), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Aboualkheir), College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and from the Department of Radiology (Elkady), Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Tareef S. Daqqaq
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (Ghunaim, Daqqaq, Alhasan); from the Department of Basic Medical Science (Borhan), College of Medicine; from the Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Elkady), College of Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, from the Department of Radiology (Alatawi), King Fahad Medical Hospital, from the Department of Radiology (Alhasan), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Aboualkheir), College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and from the Department of Radiology (Elkady), Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Ayman S. Alhasan
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (Ghunaim, Daqqaq, Alhasan); from the Department of Basic Medical Science (Borhan), College of Medicine; from the Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Elkady), College of Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, from the Department of Radiology (Alatawi), King Fahad Medical Hospital, from the Department of Radiology (Alhasan), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Aboualkheir), College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and from the Department of Radiology (Elkady), Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Mervat M. Aboualkheir
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (Ghunaim, Daqqaq, Alhasan); from the Department of Basic Medical Science (Borhan), College of Medicine; from the Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Elkady), College of Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, from the Department of Radiology (Alatawi), King Fahad Medical Hospital, from the Department of Radiology (Alhasan), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Aboualkheir), College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and from the Department of Radiology (Elkady), Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Reem M. Elkady
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (Ghunaim, Daqqaq, Alhasan); from the Department of Basic Medical Science (Borhan), College of Medicine; from the Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Elkady), College of Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, from the Department of Radiology (Alatawi), King Fahad Medical Hospital, from the Department of Radiology (Alhasan), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Aboualkheir), College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and from the Department of Radiology (Elkady), Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
|
8
|
Jamjoum G, Bahowarth SY, Alkhalifah HA, Alshehri NH, Melibari OM, Youssuf WH, Alshehri AA, Metwally EM. Socioeconomic Disparities in Diagnosis-to-Treatment Time Among Patients Diagnosed With Breast Cancer in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary Care Center. Cureus 2024; 16:e70533. [PMID: 39479151 PMCID: PMC11524432 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.70533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 11/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite Saudi Arabia's' free healthcare system, breast cancer (BC) has a major impact on affected individuals. Previous studies have shown that socioeconomic variables could contribute to inequities in receiving treatment. Although early detection and treatment are essential, delays are frequently influenced by either insurance status or other socioeconomic variables. Assessing characteristics that influence the duration of BC treatment for Saudi women will aid in improving health equity and lowering system costs. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that included all female patients who were diagnosed with BC between 2016 and 2023 at a tertiary care center. All patients were contacted by phone calls to fill out a questionnaire. Results A total of 113 females were included; the mean age at the time of diagnosis with BC was 48.88±10.97 years, and the majority were Saudis (58.4%). Additionally, the median duration for treatment initiation was 28 (15.50-45.50) days from the date of diagnosis. Factors influencing the time for initiating the treatment included nationality, as non-Saudis took longer to receive their treatment (27.00 (13.00-39.25) days vs. 30.00 (18.00-59.00) days, p = 0.176). Moreover, patients living further from the hospital demonstrated a delay in receiving treatment compared to those living near the hospital. However, the relation was not statistically significant. Conclusion Our study investigated the demographic disparities among BC patients. Our results showed that some variables contributed to a delay in treatment initiation, including nationality and distance from the hospital, which suggest further areas for investigation. We recommend further studies be conducted with a larger sample size to improve accessibility and reduce treatment delays for BC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghader Jamjoum
- General Surgery, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Surgery, Surgical Oncology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | - Wed H Youssuf
- Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
9
|
Alshamsan B, Alajlan T, Alsalhi A, Rabbani U. Insights into the Refusal of Free Screening Mammograms: Exploring Contributing Factors. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2024; 16:471-481. [PMID: 39170933 PMCID: PMC11338170 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s472367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Despite the availability of free screening mammograms (SMG) through the Breast Cancer Early Detection (BCED) Program in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia, a notable gap exists between program implementation and the actual uptake of SMG. This study aims to assess the refusal rate, identify barriers to participation, and shed light on the factors influencing women's decisions regarding SMG. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among consecutive women aged 40-69 participating anonymously in the BCED program in September 2023. The participants were administered a validated Arabic language survey encompassing breast cancer screening backgrounds and knowledge, reasons for refusal, and factors influencing SMG reconsideration. Logistic regression was employed to identify factors linked with SMG refusal using SPSS version 28. Results Of the 2446 eligible women in the study, 576 (23.6%) declined to undergo SMG. The median age of participants was 49 years, primarily married (91.5%) and residing in central cities (60.3%). Previous mammogram history was reported by 21.4%, with only 12.9% performing regular SMGs every 1-2 years. Married women had a 31% lower refusal likelihood to SMG compared to widowed/divorced women (Adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 0.69, p = 0.02). Women residing in peripheral areas showed approximately 1.45 times higher odds of refusal compared to those in central cities (aOR = 1.45, p < 0.001), and women without prior history of SMG had 2.13 times higher odds of refusal (aOR = 2.14, p < 0.001). Conclusion The refusal rate for SMG in the Qassim region aligns closely with rates observed in developed countries. Despite this progress, significant barriers to SMG uptake persist, and tailored interventions targeting specific demographic groups and addressing these barriers are essential to improving screening participation, promoting a culture of proactive screening behavior, and ensuring equitable access to screening services for all eligible women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bader Alshamsan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Oncology Department, Prince Faisal Cancer Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Qassim Cluster, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tasneem Alajlan
- Health and Curative Programs Department, Public Health and Community Health Administration, Qassim Cluster, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
- Family Medicine Department, Almuntazah PHC, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Qassim Cluster, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam Alsalhi
- Family Medicine Department, Almuntazah PHC, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Qassim Cluster, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Unaib Rabbani
- Family Medicine Department, Family Medicine Academy, Qassim Health Cluster, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
|
10
|
AlSaleh N, AlRammah T, Alatabani A, Alsalem A, Alsheikh T, AlRabah R, Al-Qattan N, Alhomod A, Alkhaldi T. Mammographic density in relationships with relevant contributing factors: a multicentric study from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Gland Surg 2024; 13:844-851. [PMID: 39015703 PMCID: PMC11247587 DOI: 10.21037/gs-23-374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Background Mammographic breast density (MBD), a well-established factor linked to breast cancer, is the focus of this preliminary report among women across multiple centers in Riyadh. The study aims to identify risk factors associated with high breast density. Methods MBD was assessed at three hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, using the American College of Radiology (ACR) categories: A (almost entirely fatty), B (scattered areas of fibroglandular density), C (heterogeneously dense), and D (extremely dense). Breast density distributions were analyzed in relation to age, body mass index (BMI), family history, parity, and hormonal therapy usage. Results The study included 1,530 women, revealing an inverse association between dense breast proportion and age/BMI. Notably, 43.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 43.2% to 43.5%] of women aged 40-79 years exhibited heterogeneously or highly dense breasts, with this proportion inversely correlated with age and BMI. Conclusions Healthcare providers should consider breast density for appropriate screening and, if necessary, recommend supplemental methods. Policymakers and healthcare providers, when discussing breast density notification legislation, should be mindful of its high prevalence, ensuring women notified have opportunities to evaluate breast cancer risk and pursue supplemental screening options if deemed appropriate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuha AlSaleh
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tamrah AlRammah
- Department of Surgery, Diriayah Hospital, Riyadh Third Health Cluster Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Alatabani
- Department of Surgery, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Tamara Alsheikh
- Faculty of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan AlRabah
- Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noha Al-Qattan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Turki Alkhaldi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
|
11
|
Aljehani AJ, Alomar MA, Albalawi AM, Alsultan AS, Alhussini FO, Alshehri RF, Bin Masoud AA, Alshehri FS. Perceptions and Behaviors Regarding Early Screening and Breast-Related Complaints Among Saudi Women. Cureus 2024; 16:e61891. [PMID: 38975394 PMCID: PMC11227849 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is a global public health issue, contributing to a significant death toll among women. Breast cancer is the most common type among Saudi women, accounting for over a quarter of all new cancer cases. The current approaches for detecting BC include mammography, clinical breast exams, and breast self-examination (BSE). Early diagnosis of BC is crucial for reducing mortality and morbidity. This study aims to investigate attitudes and behaviors regarding early screening and self-examination of breast cancer in Saudi Arabia. Materials and method This cross-sectional study was conducted over eight months. The sample size calculation with a 95% confidence interval and 0.05 precision rate is 600 of the total targeted group. The study included Saudi females aged 30 and above. Data were collected via an online questionnaire. The questionnaire evaluated various aspects, including information regarding sociodemographics, barriers, and attitudes toward breast cancer screening. Results The majority of participants were aged 41-50 (40.7%) and married (76.2%). Over a third (31.9%) had been diagnosed with benign breast tumors, with MRI being the most common examination method (39.2%). Regarding screening practices, 55.7% had been screened previously, with a high intention for future screening (76.8%). Attitudes toward screening were positive, with 83.4% willing to undergo testing if free, painless, and conducted by a female provider. Barriers to screening included fear of examination (30.2%) and shame about exposing the body (25.6%). Conclusion The study provides valuable insights into the demographic characteristics, prevalence of benign breast tumors, screening practices, and attitudes toward breast cancer screening among Saudi women aged 30 and above. Factors such as age, marital status, income, occupation, and geographical residency influence screening behavior and intentions. Efforts to promote awareness, reduce barriers, and improve access to screening services are essential for enhancing breast cancer detection and prevention within this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwaq J Aljehani
- Department of Surgery, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Mohammed A Alomar
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | | | - Firas O Alhussini
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Riyadh F Alshehri
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | - Fahad S Alshehri
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
|
12
|
Yasin G, Subke AA. Breast Cancer Screening Awareness and Associated Factors Among Saudi Females: A Cross-Sectional Study in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (2024). Cureus 2024; 16:e60337. [PMID: 38883045 PMCID: PMC11177560 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) represents a major health concern for women globally, including those in Saudi Arabia. Awareness and early detection through screening practices are vital measures in improving BC outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the awareness and associated factors of BC screening among Saudi females in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 among Saudi females aged 18 and above, residing in Jeddah. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire that included sections on demographic characteristics, Breast Cancer Awareness Measure (Breast CAM), knowledge, and factors influencing participation in screening programs. The collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics. RESULTS The study, consisting of 454 participants, found that half of them rarely or never checked their breasts and many were not confident about noticing any changes in their breasts. There was a strong awareness of the Ministry of Health's (MOH) BC screening program, but most were uncertain about the age at which screenings should start and end. Only a small percentage reported receiving an invitation for breast screening and an even smaller percentage have participated in the screening. Significant associations were found between higher awareness of BC signs, a monthly family income of over 20,000, and being medically free (p-value <0.05). CONCLUSION The study found a significant gap in BC awareness and screening practices among females in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. This underlines the importance of targeted health education and awareness programs, as well as accessible and affordable screening services, to improve early detection and outcomes for BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghala Yasin
- Preventive Medicine, Saudi Ministry of Health, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Abeer A Subke
- Preventive Medicine, Saudi Ministry of Health, Jeddah, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
|
13
|
Alanazi RH, Fathuldeen A, Hussain MA, Alharbi Z, Almazyad LT, Alanazi HT, Alshammari KHS, Alruwaili SM, Alanazi MA, Fawzy MS. Breast Cancer Knowledge and Associated Behaviors in Northern Borders, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e59893. [PMID: 38854176 PMCID: PMC11160453 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer remains a significant public health issue globally and is notably pervasive within the female population, representing a leading cause of concern. It poses a challenge across different age groups and is influenced by diverse risk factors that include genetic predispositions and various elements of lifestyle. Saudi Arabia, mirroring the global situation, has also seen its share of this disease's impact, prompting a closer look at the factors contributing to its prevalence. Educating the public and advocating for lifestyle changes are crucial steps in cancer prevention. With early-stage diagnosis and screening, many lives can potentially be saved. Our research is focused on understanding the level of awareness and preventative practices among women in the Northern Border region of Saudi Arabia. It seeks to explore the influence of familial history on knowledge and perceptions surrounding breast cancer, which could guide future educational and screening programs. Methods This cross-sectional study engaged 643 female participants, aged 18 and above, from the Northern Border region of Saudi Arabia upon their informed consent. Data were compiled via a structured questionnaire encompassing sociodemographic information, breast cancer knowledge, and preventive practices. Results The data disclosed that a significant majority (86%) recognized breast lumps as indicative of breast cancer, with 69.1% cognizant of hereditary risks. Awareness about lactation as a preventative strategy was noted in 76.7% of the participants, followed by 70.6% acknowledging the merits of a healthy diet. The study unveiled no substantial awareness disparity between individuals with or without a family history of the disease. Alarmingly, 80.4% had never sought a breast examination, and a parallel 83.7% had not undergone mammography. Conclusion The study sheds light on the heterogeneity in breast cancer awareness among women in Saudi Arabia's Northern Border region. Although the recognition of lumps and the preventative role of lactation is relatively high, there remains a deficit in comprehending additional symptoms, signs, and risk factors. The conspicuously low rates of breast cancer examinations and mammography underscore an urgent need for enhanced educational initiatives and a strategic push toward bolstering participation in regular cancer screenings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anas Fathuldeen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, SAU
| | - Malik A Hussain
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, SAU
| | - Ziyad Alharbi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Manal S Fawzy
- Unit of Medical Research and Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, SAU
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
|
14
|
Alkarak S, Badheeb AM, Al-Dowais A, Alhabes H, Almahwiti K, Aman AA, Alhajlan MA, Seada I, Alshamrani SA, Alhussein B. Factors Affecting Breast Cancer Screening Behavior Among Women in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e58324. [PMID: 38752053 PMCID: PMC11095821 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Early detection of breast cancer is crucial for effective treatment and minimizing mortality, requiring effective screening methods like self-examination, clinical examination, and mammography. However, not all women in Saudi Arabia comply with these examinations, and studies examining its practice and barriers of low uptake are scant. The aim of this study is to investigate factors influencing breast cancer screening behavior among women in Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional study involving 806 women from October to November 2022 used an online questionnaire for the data collection process, including questions about demographic characteristics, awareness assessment, breast cancer screening behavior, symptoms, risk factors, and screening programs. Factors affecting the screening behavior were analyzed using the logistic regression model with adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Among the 806 women who participated in the study, 479 (59.4%) were under 40 years old, and half of them were urban residents (n = 394, 48.9%). Only 134 subjects (16.6%) had a history of breast screening. Social media (n = 519, 64.5%) was the predominant source of screening information. The primary obstacles to breast cancer screening were the absence of tumor symptoms (n = 333, 41.3%), insufficient knowledge about early detection (n = 249, 31%), lack of time (n = 245, 30%), fear of discovering a tumor (n = 187, 23%), and lack of awareness about screening centers (n = 155, 19%). In regression analysis, predictive factors for breast cancer screening behavior were as follows: age over 40 years old (AOR: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.70-3.87), residents of big cities (AOR: 3.57; 95% CI: 1.02-12.56), positive family history of breast cancer (AOR: 2.53; 95% CI: 1.50-4.28), proximity to the screening center (AOR: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.22-5.39), and using contraceptive pills for more than five years (AOR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.04-3.04), and were statistically significant (all p-values < 0.05). Conclusions In this study, the most perceived barriers to BSE were the absence of tumor symptoms, followed by insufficient knowledge about early detection, lack of time, fear of discovering a tumor, and lack of awareness about screening centers. Additionally, the predictive factors for breast cancer screening behavior were as follows: age over 40 years old, residents of big cities, positive family history of breast cancer, proximity to the screening center, and using contraceptive pills for more than five years. Given the identified factors affecting breast self-examination behavior in this study, public education initiatives are crucial for raising awareness, facilitating self-examination, and ultimately improving health outcomes and reducing breast cancer treatment costs in society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samer Alkarak
- General Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital, Najran, SAU
| | - Ahmed M Badheeb
- Oncology, Oncology Center, King Khalid University Hospital, Najran, SAU
| | - Ali Al-Dowais
- E-Health, Eradah Complex Psychiatric & Addiction, King Khalid University Hospital, Najran, SAU
| | - Hessa Alhabes
- Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital, Najran, SAU
| | | | | | - Mana A Alhajlan
- General Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital, Najran, SAU
| | - Islam Seada
- Cardiac Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital, Najran, SAU
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
15
|
Alattas M, Gordon S, Sabin LL, El-Jardali F, Wirtz VJ. Equity and unmet need of non-communicable diseases services in Saudi Arabia using a National Household Survey (2019). BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:346. [PMID: 38491481 PMCID: PMC10943914 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saudi Arabia is implementing a comprehensive health system transformation in health services provision, governance, and financing. Given the high burden of non-communicable diseases (NCD), a key objective of the transformation is to integrate NCD prevention and treatment into primary care. The study objectives were to assess primary care service use for treatment of NCDs, to quantify existing inequities in preventive services utilization, and to identify regional and sociodemographic factors associated with these inequities. METHODS Using the 2019 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia World Health Survey, multivariable logistic regression models were conducted to identify predictors of utilization of primary care services for NCD prevention and treatment, unmet need among those with a diagnosis of diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia, and unmet need in breast and cervical cancer screening. RESULTS Among those with an NCD diagnosis, living in a high-income household was associated with a lower probability of having an unmet need compared to those in low-income households. Furthermore, rural residents were less likely to have an unmet need compared to urban residents (OR 0.58, p=0.029). Individuals without a perceived need for healthcare within the last 12 months had three times the probability of unmet need in comparison to those with such a perceived need (p<0.001). Women in all regions had a lower probability of ever having a mammogram compared to women in the central regions around Riyadh. Women with an education above a secondary level had five times the odds of undergoing cervical cancer screening and three times the likelihood of ever having a mammogram (P=0.012, p=0.02) than other women. Compared to women in low-income households, those in middle (OR 1.99, P=0.026), upper middle (OR 3.47, p<0.001), or high-income households (OR 2.59, p<0.001) had a higher probability of having had cervical cancer screening. CONCLUSIONS Inequities in NCD treatment and prevention services' utilization in Saudi Arabia are strongly associated with region of living, population density, wealth, income, education and perceived need for health care. More research is needed to better understand the extent of unmet primary care needs for NCD and how to address the underlying contributing factors to access inequities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maha Alattas
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sarah Gordon
- Department of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lora L Sabin
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Veronika J Wirtz
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
16
|
Sayed SF, Dailah HG, Nagarajan S, Abdelwahab SI, Abadi SSH, Akhtar N, Khuwaja G, Malham WADA. Knowledge of Non-Invasive Biomarkers of Breast Cancer, Risk Factors, and BSE Practices Among Nursing Undergraduates in Farasan Island, KSA. SAGE Open Nurs 2024; 10:23779608241248519. [PMID: 38681865 PMCID: PMC11055480 DOI: 10.1177/23779608241248519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background of the Study Mammograms are sometimes met with issues of overdiagnosis and underdiagnosis; therefore, they are less reliable in identifying cancer in women with dense breasts. As a result, it is critical to be aware of other sensitive screening techniques for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. Aim The ultimate objective of this study was to assess the knowledge of nursing undergraduates regarding non-invasive biomarkers, such as volatile organic compounds in breath, nipple aspirate fluid, sweat, urine, and tears, for the early detection of breast cancer to help improve patient care, determine the risk factors, and encourage practice of breast self-examination. Methods Cross-sectional research was done in the Department of Nursing at Farasan campus using a self-structured questionnaire as the study tool. A total of 260 students willingly participated. The study tool had evaluation questions focused on the non-invasive biomarkers of breast cancer, risk factors, and breast self-examination practices to collect data. The data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. The statistical significance was calculated at P < .05. Data analyses were done using Microsoft Excel (2013). Results A significant knowledge gap existed among the study participants about the non-invasive biomarkers of breast cancer. A lesser percentage of students (25%) stated that they do breast self-examination on a monthly basis. The most common reasons for not doing the breast self-examination were "not knowing how to do the breast self-examination" (77.3%), fear of a positive diagnosis (53.9%), thinking that they are not at risk as all were in their teens and hence not required (44.7%), and lack of time (48.7%). Age and frequency of breast self-examination were significantly associated (P < .05) as those few students (22.7%) who were doing breast self-examination practices every 2-4 months belonged to a higher study year. Furthermore, knowledge regarding incidence rates and health care expenditure by the government on breast cancer was also significantly low (P < .05). Conclusions Outcomes would help prioritize actions to help future nurses better understand breast cancer, allowing them to extend patient care in the best way possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamad G. Dailah
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumathi Nagarajan
- Department of Nursing, Farasan University College, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA
| | | | | | - Nida Akhtar
- Department of Nursing, Al-Dayer College, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gulrana Khuwaja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wadeah Ali DA Malham
- Department of Nursing, Farasan University College, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
|
17
|
Alasker A, Arabi TZ, Alghafees MA, Sabbah BN, Abdul Rab S, Alageel AK, Abouelkhair AE, Abdulwali AK, Al Hennawi MMI, Fallatah W, Musalli ZF, Noureldin YA. Prostate cancer among Saudis: a registry review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:56-61. [PMID: 38222704 PMCID: PMC10783378 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Policy makers in Saudi Arabia greatly rely on published studies to make major public health decisions. Prostate cancer (PCa) studies in Saudi Arabia are either outdated or limited to local regions. Aim The authors aim to analyze the Saudi Cancer Registry to determine the incidence of PCa across all regions of the Kingdom and the risk factors of poor prognosis in the population. Methods Patients diagnosed with primary PCa from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2017 were included in the study from the Saudi Cancer Registry. Incidence rates and risk factors for poor survival were calculated. Results A total of 3607 PCa patients were retrieved. PCa incidence rates ranged from 0.2 to 1.4 per 100 000. Most of the patients were aged 60 and older (86.5%; n=3120), married (97%; n=3497) and lived in the central region (38.1%; n=1375). The mean age at diagnosis was 71.1 (10.8) years. Over half of all tumors were poorly differentiated (64.2%; n=2317), and localized (60.4%; n=2180). The all-time metastasis rate reached 31.4% (n=1131). The lowest mean survival was in those with distant metastasis (P=0.039). Age groups, marital status, tumor morphology, place of residency, and grade were not proven to significantly influence survival. Conclusion The high metastasis rate and evidence of a greater incidence of newly diagnosed metastatic PCa indicate that the idea of select screening for certain high-risk populations is not farfetched. The authors encourage the promotion of awareness regarding PCa risk factors and screening to optimize prognosis and minimize late presentations and high metastasis rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alasker
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences
- Division of Urology, King Abdulaziz Medical City
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ziyad F. Musalli
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
18
|
Al-Shamsi HO, Abdelwahed N, Abyad A, Abu-Gheida I, Afrit M, Abu ElFuol T, Alasas R, Lababidi B, Dash P, Ahmad M, Dreier NW, ul Haq U, Joshua TLA, Otsmane S, Al-Nouri A, Al-Awadhi A, Tirmazy SH, Alterkait F, Elsabae S, Khan N, Albastaki NK, Sonawane Y, Jouda M, Perdawood F, Iqbal F, Jaafar H. Breast Cancer in the Arabian Gulf Countries. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5398. [PMID: 38001658 PMCID: PMC10670541 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stands as the prevailing malignancy across all six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nations. In this literature review, we highlighted the incidence and trend of breast cancer in the GCC. Most of the studies reported a consistent increase in breast cancer incidence over the past decades, which was particularly attributed to the adoption of a Westernized lifestyle in the region and the implications of emerging risk factors and other environmental and societal factors, the increase in screening uptake, as well as the improvement in data collection and reporting in the GCC. The data on breast cancer risk factors in the GCC were limited. In this geographic region, breast cancer frequently manifests with distinctive characteristics, including an early onset, typically occurring before the age of 50; an advanced stage at presentation; and a higher pathological grade. Additionally, it often exhibits more aggressive features such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positivity or the presence of triple-negative (TN) attributes, particularly among younger patients. Despite the growing body of literature on breast cancer in the GCC, data pertaining to survival rates are, regrettably, meager. Reports on breast cancer survival rates emanating from the GCC region are largely confined to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). In the UAE, predictive modeling reveals 2-year and 5-year survival rates of 97% and 89%, respectively, for the same period under scrutiny. These rates, when compared to Western counterparts such as Australia (89.5%) and Canada (88.2%), fall within the expected range. Conversely, Saudi Arabia reports a notably lower 5-year survival rate, standing at 72%. This disparity in survival rates underscores the need for further research directed toward elucidating risk factors and barriers that hinder early detection and screening. Additionally, there is a pressing need for expanded data reporting on survival outcomes within the GCC. In sum, a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of breast cancer dynamics in this region is imperative to inform effective strategies for prevention, early detection, and improved patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Humaid O. Al-Shamsi
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman P.O. Box 4184, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadia Abdelwahed
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Amin Abyad
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Ibrahim Abu-Gheida
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Mehdi Afrit
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Tasneem Abu ElFuol
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
| | - Ryad Alasas
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Bilal Lababidi
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Prasanta Dash
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Mudhasir Ahmad
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Norbert W. Dreier
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Urfan ul Haq
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Thanda Lucy Ann Joshua
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Sonia Otsmane
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Anwar Al-Nouri
- Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Kuwait City, Kuwait; (A.A.-N.); (F.A.)
| | - Aydah Al-Awadhi
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
| | | | - Faisal Alterkait
- Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Kuwait City, Kuwait; (A.A.-N.); (F.A.)
| | - Shimaa Elsabae
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
| | - Nyla Khan
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
| | - Nehad Kazim Albastaki
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
| | - Yoginee Sonawane
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Mohammed Jouda
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
| | - Frea Perdawood
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
| | - Faryal Iqbal
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
| | - Hassan Jaafar
- Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates; (N.A.); (A.A.); (I.A.-G.); (M.A.); (T.A.E.); (R.A.); (B.L.); (P.D.); (M.A.); (N.W.D.); (U.u.H.); (T.L.A.J.); (S.O.); (S.E.); (N.K.); (N.K.A.); (Y.S.); (M.J.); (F.P.); (F.I.); (H.J.)
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates;
| |
Collapse
|
|
19
|
AlAbdulKader A, Gari D, Al yousif G, Alghamdi A, AlKaltham S, AlDamigh F, AlEisawi Y, AlGhamdi A, Al-Hayek O, AlMudhi A. Perceived Barriers and Facilitators to Breast Cancer Screening Among Women in Saudi Arabia. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2023; 15:505-513. [PMID: 37520408 PMCID: PMC10386841 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s406029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Background According to the World Health Organization, by the end of 2020, an estimated 7.8 million people was living with breast cancer diagnosed between 2015 and 2020; in Saudi Arabia, more than fifty percent of cancer cases are detected in late stages, which results in increased mortality rates and reduces the chances of remission. Breast cancer screening using mammography in women fifty years and older worldwide and in women forty years and older in Saudi Arabia shows a significant decrease in morbidity and mortality. However, screening rates are not satisfactory and require further investigation. Methods This cross-sectional study included women aged 40 years and older. Data was collected through an online survey distributed via social media platforms to all regions of Saudi Arabia. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to examine the difference in the distribution of study variables among women who had received breast screening and those who had not. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the risk of not having breast cancer screening. Results A total of 973 participants completed the survey. Among respondents, 476 (48.9%) had been screened at least once in their lifetime. The main motivators for screening were: receiving an advice from a physician (41.8%), interest in early detection (39.8%), and receiving free mammography (29.7%). On the other hand, the main barriers to receiving breast cancer screening were: finding screening unnecessary (24.2%), believing screening to be painful (22.1%), and fearing abnormal results (18.6%). Conclusion We found that nearly half of the targeted screening group had never received mammography screening. These results warrant urgent attention, as early detection is key to better outcomes. Our study's results aid in better understanding the public's points of view and inform interventions to improve breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assim AlAbdulKader
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, 34224, Saudi Arabia
| | - Danya Gari
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, 34224, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada Al yousif
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, 34224, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alghamdi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, 34224, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shikha AlKaltham
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, 34224, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad AlDamigh
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 34224, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazan AlEisawi
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 34224, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhadi AlGhamdi
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 34224, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Al-Hayek
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 34224, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali AlMudhi
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 34224, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
|
20
|
Bakarman M, Kalthoum D, Wahby Salem I, Alshuaibi RO, Almohammadi TA, Beser RA, Almuwallad RH, Alotaibi LA. Barriers to Using Breast Cancer Screening Methods Among Adult Females in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e41739. [PMID: 37575760 PMCID: PMC10415231 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and it considerably increases morbidity and mortality globally. Screening methods, such as self-examination, clinical examination, and mammography, can help in early detection and treatment, which will help in improving survival rates and reducing mortality. While regular screening of the breast is essential to detect the earliest stages of breast cancer, not all women adhere to regular breast screening. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between December 2021 to July 2022. using an online self-administered questionnaire. The total number of responses (n = 328), Data was analyzed using SPSS 25. Results In this study, out of the 328 respondents, 18.9% reported undergoing regular mammography, 14.3% reported having regular clinical breast examinations, and 38.1% reported practicing regular breast self-examinations.. In addition, the participants' most known warning signs of BC were a lump under their armpit (69.1%). the most perceived barrier to breast self-examination (BSE) was Doing a breast examination will make her worry about what is wrong with her breast (47%). whereas the most barrier to clinical breast examination (CBE) was embarrassment (45.9%). On the other hand, the main barriers that prevented women from having mammograms were embarrassment (36%) and pain (32.6%). Conclusion The most perceived barrier to BSE was women's concern, while embarrassment and painful procedures were significant barriers to performing mammography and CBE. Therefore, adult females in Jeddah need educational programs to improve their knowledge and increase public awareness of breast cancer screening for early detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Bakarman
- Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, SAU
| | - Duha Kalthoum
- Community and Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Iman Wahby Salem
- Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | | | - Rana A Beser
- Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | - Leena A Alotaibi
- Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
|
21
|
Alqarni GS, Musslem MT, Alosaimi RM, Filfilan FF, Al Qarni AS, Rizk H. Awareness of and Attitude to Breast Self-Examination and Breast Cancer Among Females in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e36595. [PMID: 37095809 PMCID: PMC10122517 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most common of all female cancers worldwide. A large percentage are diagnosed at a late stage, which can be related to awareness and knowledge deficiency. We aimed to assess the level of knowledge of and attitude to breast cancer and breast self-examination in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 392 women in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Using a non-probability sampling technique, a self-administered validated questionnaire was distributed via social media. Inclusion criteria were ages above 18 years old of all educational levels. Results Out of 392 participants, there were 146 in the age group of 19-25 (37.2%). Most of the participants are aware of breast cancer (94.9%). The mean knowledge score was 6.9 ± 3.36. Ninety-two percent (92%) of participants had poor knowledge. Most respondents reported that the main risk factor for breast cancer was family history (83.7%). About 37% believed that the purpose of the breast self-examination practice is advice from a health care professional followed by routine examination (37.3%). About 97% agreed that early detection of breast cancer increases the chance of recovery. Conclusion There is a lack of knowledge and awareness about the risk factors and symptoms of breast cancer. Despite a positive attitude toward breast self-examination, it is poorly practiced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ali S Al Qarni
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Hisham Rizk
- General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
|
22
|
Elmaghraby DA, Alshalla AA, Alyahyan A, Altaweel M, Al ben Hamad AM, Alhunfoosh KM, AlJuwaysim MF, Aljumah DJ, Albahrani MA. Public Knowledge, Practice, and Attitude Regarding Cancer Screening: A Community-Based Study in Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1114. [PMID: 36673870 PMCID: PMC9859105 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Cancer screening tests discover cancer at early stages, even before symptoms appear. When abnormal tissues or a malignant mass is found early, treatment and cure rates are improved. In late stages, the cancer may have grown and metastasized. This can negatively affect cancer treatment and reduce the overall survival rate. Screening tests are performed when a person is asymptomatic. Public awareness about cancer screening is crucial for the success of cancer screening programs and for consequently decreasing the morbidity and mortality rate due to cancer. (2) Aim: Assess the knowledge and perception of the community regarding cancer screening in Saudi Arabia. (3) Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study targeting the general population of Saudi Arabia was conducted from January to June 2022. The data were collected using a structured validated electronic questionnaire. The study questionnaire covered participants' personal data, medical history, source of data, and participants' knowledge, attitude, and practice items. The questionnaire was used as a digital survey and was distributed electronically to the target population. (4) Results: A total of 1313 participants completed the study questionnaire. The participants' ages ranged from 18 to 67 years, with a mean age of 28.3 ± 11.4 years old. Overall, 60.4% of the study participants knew about cancer screening. Regarding the benefits of cancer screening, 91.8% of the participants reported knowing that the early detection of cancer helps treatment, and 81.1% knew that the early detection of cancer improves treatment outcomes. Moreover, 441 (33.6%) of the participants had good knowledge regarding cancer and cancer screening, while 872 (66.4%) had poor levels of knowledge. Furthermore, 106 (8.1%) of the participants underwent cancer screening. (5) Conclusions: The study results revealed that participants' awareness regarding cancer and cancer screening was low, especially for approaches to reduce cancer risk. Additionally, the study participants' practice regarding cancer screening was low. The health care authority should plan for population-based efficacious cancer screening programs. In addition, cancer screening information and the benefits of early detection can be disseminated through social media to target the desired populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Ahmed Elmaghraby
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
23
|
Muacevic A, Adler JR, Almutairi A, Almadhi F, Alhawshani T, Almishrafi S, Alharbi B. Practices of Cancer Screening for Average-Risk Cancer Patients Among Primary Healthcare Center Physicians in Al-Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e33829. [PMID: 36819377 PMCID: PMC9930872 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cancer screening programs exist in Saudi Arabia for some types of cancers. However, data on primary healthcare center (PHC) physicians' practices in referring patients for screening tests or procedures remain unclear. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional study was conducted with a self-reported survey that included 141 PHC physicians affiliated with the Ministry of Health in the Al-Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. The primary outcome was the practice of recommending to average-risk patients screening tests for different types of cancers including breast, colorectal, cervical, prostate, and lung, and testing if sociodemographic, specialty, job level, years of experience, a family history of cancer, and patients encountered per day affect their decisions. Secondary outcomes were the barriers perceived by physicians to recommending a screening test. p-value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS The study included 141 respondents, of which 60.3% were males, and the mean age of the entire population was 35.7 ± 8.3 years. The rate of recommending cancer screening varied by the type of cancer, with screening for colorectal cancer being the most prominent (64.5%), followed by breast cancer (51.8%). Fear of finding cancer, poor patient compliance, and difficulty in scheduling the test were the most common patient, physician, and system-related barriers as perceived by PHC physicians. Male physicians were less likely to recommend patients for breast (0.10, 95%CI 0.04-0.23, p < 0.001) and cervical (0.26, 95%CI 0.08-0.78, p = 0.017) cancer screening. However, they were 3.74 times more likely to recommend prostate cancer screening (95%CI 1.20-11.68, p = 0.023) and 5.79 times more likely to request lung cancer screening (95%CI 1.27-26.39, p = 0.023). Level of education, specialty, and being a senior physician were factors associated with cervical cancer screening. Physicians who work in non-general practice specialties were more likely to recommend cervical cancer screening than those who work in general practice (95%CI 0.04-0.48, p = 0.002). Senior physicians such as registrars/senior registrars and consultants were more likely to request or recommend a patient for breast cancer screening (2.85, 95%CI 1.11-7.35) and cervical cancer screening (6.35, 95%CI 2.10-019.19). CONCLUSION Screenings for colorectal and breast cancer were the commonly recommended screening tests. Patients' fear of finding cancer, poor patient compliance, and delays or difficulty in scheduling the procedures were the commonly identified barriers as perceived by physicians that influenced physician decisions in referring patients for cancer screening. Our findings suggest that cancer screening rates may be improved by educating individuals on the benefit of early detection of cancers and providing assurance for them with regard to the availability of effective treatments. More research is needed on ways to overcome the obstacles physicians encounter and the outcomes of these measures with regard to improved screening practices.
Collapse
|
|
24
|
Qedair JT, Al Qurashi AA, Alfayea T, Mortada H, Alsudais A, Almuntashiri S, Hakami AY. Level and predictors of breast cancer awareness among Saudi women: A nationwide study. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 18:17455057221133835. [PMID: 36314716 PMCID: PMC9629712 DOI: 10.1177/17455057221133835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer occurs when abnormal breast cells grow rapidly and uncontrollably. Early detection and intervention have been established to significantly decrease mortality rates. OBJECTIVE There is a lack of focused research investigating the degree of breast cancer awareness among Saudi women. Thus, this study aimed to fill this gap by conducting a nationwide survey on a large pool of women. DESIGN A cross-sectional web-based nationwide study. METHODS This study targeted Saudi women from all regions of the country and was conducted from 20 August to 3 September 2021. The study used the Breast Cancer Awareness Measure questionnaire to measure breast cancer awareness. This study was approved by the King Abdullah International Medical Research Center institutional review board. RESULTS Overall, poor breast cancer awareness scores were demonstrated by 71% of the participants. Unemployed women were more likely to have poor breast cancer awareness. CONCLUSION Our study reports an alarmingly high level of poor overall breast cancer awareness in Saudi women. Interventions should be implemented to combat this lack of awareness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jumanah T Qedair
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Al Qurashi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Alfayea
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Medical Oncology Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatan Mortada
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alsudais
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Almuntashiri
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alqassem Y Hakami
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Alqassem Y Hakami, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. Box. 9515, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
|
25
|
Ahmad S, Alloubani A, Abu-Sa’da R, Qutaiba Y. Breast Self-Examination: Knowledge, Practice, and Beliefs Among Females in Jordan. SAGE Open Nurs 2022; 8:23779608221124517. [PMID: 36225312 PMCID: PMC9549095 DOI: 10.1177/23779608221124517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Worldwide, breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. It is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among females in Jordan. Objectives The current study aimed to evaluate breast cancer knowledge levels and practice and assess health beliefs regarding the model supporting self-breast examination (BSE) in a group of females aged between 20 and 60 in Jordan. Methods Descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational design was used; Two hundred females participated in the study, employing convenient sampling. The adjusted version of the Champion's Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS) was utilized to collect the data. Results Most participants were married (F = 128, 64%), and the mean of the participants' age was (36.18, SD = 10.87). About 73 participants (36.5%) don't practice BSE; however, 53 participants (26.5%) plan to practice BSE in the future monthly. The logistic regression model showed that the impact of confidence as positive predictive value on practicing BSE in the last year (B = 0.141, p < .001) and this year (B = 0.130, p < .001) was statistically significant. Conclusion Implications for practice include identifying culturally specific barriers and improving health education programs to trigger breast self-examination utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhad Ahmad
- Breast Clinics/Nursing, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan,Aladeen Alloubani, King Hussein Cancer
Center, Amman, Jordan.
| | | | | | - Yasar Qutaiba
- Early Detection Program, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
|
26
|
Attitudes and Practice of Health Care Providers Toward Cancer Screening: A Cross-sectional Multicenter Study, Saudi Arabia. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2022; 12:383-389. [PMID: 36040655 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-022-00056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening is a cancer prevention measure for groups who are asymptomatic, and diagnosis is a medical test for groups who are symptomatic. The occupational privilege of health care providers (HCPs) is expected to play a positive role in cancer screening practices. Therefore, this study aimed to assess perceptions and personal attitudes of HCPs regarding their decision to screen for cancer in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. DESIGN A cross-sectional multicenter survey study was conducted. A well-designed and validated questionnaire was distributed to the HCPs at three tertiary hospitals in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. RESULTS Out of 900 health care providers who received the questionnaire, 372 completed it. Two-thirds, 247 (66.4%) of them were nurses and the rest were physicians and the mean age was 34.1 ± 7.1 years. Regardless of gender, profession, or age, the overall rate of belief in the importance of regular cancer screening was high; 91.4%. The number of participants who did not screen for colonoscopy was significantly higher than those who screened. The number of females in the age group of between 45 and 54 years who screened with mammography was significantly higher than non-screened. In a similar way, male HCPs above 54 years who got themselves screened for Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) were significantly higher than those who did not. CONCLUSIONS Findings of the current research and existing evidence specifically for the Saudi community indicated a need to raise awareness, emphasizing the role of HCPs in motivating themselves, their families, and their patients to implement various cancer screening programs.
Collapse
|
|
27
|
L. Faizo N, M. Raafat B, Alamri S, Alghamdi AJ, Osman H, Ahmed RM, Almahwasi A, S. Alamri A, Ansari M. Distinction of Breast Masses from Benign to Malignant using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Taif, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study. BIOMEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 15:1005-1011. [DOI: 10.13005/bpj/2436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women throughout the world. A range of noninvasive techniques have been employed for early prevention. In health-care practice, however, quality and sensitivity remained critical. Objective: The aim of this study is to see how well Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRIs) and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) techniques can detect breast cancer and distinguish between malignant and benign lesions. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the Taif Hospitals, Saudi Arabia. The Picture Archiving and Communication System was used to acquire medical records and data from 50 individuals with probable breast cancer, and breast MRI pictures were analyzed. Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) radiologist reports and DCE-MRI kinetic curves were evaluated. Excel was also used to test the sensitivity and specificity of breast MRI. Results: According to the BI-RADS results, biopsies, and breast MRI data, 52 percent of 50 patients were categorized as benign, 24 percent as malignant, and 24 percent had no abnormalities. Biopsy revealed that 61.5 percent of the malignant lesions were benign, whereas 38.5 percent were appropriately identified as cancerous. The majority of malignant tumors were discovered in patients over the age of 50. The washout curve correctly identified 60% of the malignant lesions and 40% of the benign lesions. Our data demonstrated the usefulness of MRI in detecting breast cancers by analyzing BI-RADS and utilizing DCE-MRI. False-positive, on the other hand, can lead to unnecessary biopsies. Conclusion: Breast cancer is more common among women of their fifties and beyond. Biopsies, breast MRIs, and kinetic curve analysis can all be utilized to differentiate between benign and malignant breast masses with high sensitivity and specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahla L. Faizo
- 1Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem M. Raafat
- 1Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alamri
- 1Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Joman Alghamdi
- 1Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamid Osman
- 1Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Mohammed Ahmed
- 1Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Almahwasi
- 2Medical Physics Unit, Security Forces Hospital, Medical Services, Ministry of Interior, Makkah, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhakeem S. Alamri
- 3Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mukhtar Ansari
- 5Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
|
28
|
Profile of Male Breast Cancer in Makkah Region of Saudi Arabia: A 4-Year Retrospective Analysis of Radiology and Histopathology. Int J Breast Cancer 2022; 2022:8831011. [PMID: 35784659 PMCID: PMC9242822 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8831011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mammography is a method widely used for the diagnosis of breast disorders in women and may help detect breast cancer in its early stages. Male breast cancer often remains undiagnosed or is poorly controlled until serious complications arise; therefore, the use of screening methods is needed to help with early diagnosis. Methods From a total of 1,667 registered mammography cases screened, 17 male breast disease cases were included in this study. Mammography and ultrasound data were analyzed by Statistical Package of Social Sciences v.22 (SPSS). Diagnosis was made following biopsy in suspicious cases, and histopathological and immunological findings of all such patients were obtained for final diagnosis. Results The mean age of the patients was 35 years (range, 14-70 years); 17.6% of the cases were aged 37 yrs, and 2 cases were aged 51 and 52 yrs. Of the 17 cases, 11 had breast lesions, and skin thickening was observed in only 1 case. The different patterns of lesions detected were asymmetry of the parenchyma, mastitis, and hamartoma (n = 1 each), malignant lesions (n = 2), and gynecomastia (n = 6). According to the BI-RADS categorization, 8 cases were benign, one case was probably benign, and 2 cases were likely malignant. In the 2 cases with malignant lesions, pathological diagnosis was made after hematoxylin and eosin and immunocytochemistry examination as invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of no special type (NST), grade II and grade III. Conclusions Most breast lesions in this study population were benign, while IDC was the most common malignancy encountered. Mammography is currently the most accurate and cost-effective method for detecting breast lesions. The findings of our study may help increase awareness of male breast cancer and encourage Saudi men at risk to perform self-breast exam and undergo routine breast screening.
Collapse
|
|
29
|
Female Healthcare Workers' Knowledge, Attitude towards Breast Cancer, and Perceived Barriers towards Mammogram Screening: A Multicenter Study in North Saudi Arabia. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:4300-4314. [PMID: 35735453 PMCID: PMC9222040 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29060344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and other Middle East countries. This analytical cross-sectional study assessed knowledge, attitude towards breast cancer, and barriers to mammogram screening among 414 randomly selected female healthcare workers from multiple healthcare facilities in northern Saudi Arabia. Of the studied population, 48.6% had low knowledge, and 16.1% had a low attitude towards breast cancer risk factors and symptoms. The common barriers to mammogram screening were fear to discover cancer (57.2%) and apprehension regarding radiation exposure (57%). Logistic regression analysis found that lack of awareness regarding mammogram was significantly associated with age (p = 0.030) and healthcare workers category (ref: physicians: p = 0.016). In addition, we found a significant negative correlation between knowledge and barrier scores (Spearman’s rho: −0.315, p < 0.001). It is recommended to develop target-oriented educational programs for the healthcare workers, which would empower them to educate the community regarding the risk factors and the importance of mammogram screening. Furthermore, a prospective study is warranted in other regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to understand the region-specific training needs for the healthcare workers.
Collapse
|
|
30
|
Al-Qahtani AM, Ibrahim HA, Elgzar WT. Predictors of breast self-examination behavior among adult females in Najran city, Saudi Arabia. Jpn J Nurs Sci 2022; 19:e12503. [PMID: 35699332 DOI: 10.1111/jjns.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to explore the predictors of breast self-examination (BSE) behavior among adult females in Najran city, Saudi Arabia. METHODS A descriptive correlational design was utilized to recruit 1,075 participants from the primary health centers in Najran city, Saudi Arabia, from the beginning of March to the end of October 2021. A self-reported questionnaire was used for data collection; it consisted of demographic data and health history, breast cancer knowledge test and protection motivation theory (PMT) scale. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science software, version 23 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). RESULTS Only 38.2% of the study participants had ever-performed BSE. Participants' knowledge, education, previous family history of breast cancer, and personal history of benign breast tumors are significant socio-demographic predictors of BSE behavior (p < .001). Also, the higher threats appraisal, reward appraisal, and efficacy appraisal increased the participants' probability of practicing BSE (p < .001) compared to a low level as references based on binary logistic regression results. In addition, low response cost was another predictor for BSE behavior compared with higher levels (p < .001). CONCLUSION Participants' knowledge, education, previous family history of breast cancer, and the PMT constructs (threats appraisal, reward appraisal, efficacy appraisal, and response cost) were significant predictors of BSE behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Awad M Al-Qahtani
- Family Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Najran University, KSA, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba A Ibrahim
- Department of Maternity and Childhood Nursing, Nursing College, Najran University, KSA, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaa T Elgzar
- Department of Maternity and Childhood Nursing, Nursing College, Najran University, KSA, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
|
31
|
Alshamsan B, Suleman K, Agha N, Abdelgawad MI, Alzahrani MJ, Elhassan T, Al-Tweigeri T, Ajarim D, Alsayed A. Association Between Obesity and Clinicopathological Profile of Patients with Newly Diagnosed Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer in Saudi Arabia. Int J Womens Health 2022; 14:373-384. [PMID: 35309953 PMCID: PMC8926012 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s343558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Obesity is prevalent in Saudi Arabia and is associated with adverse clinical features and poor breast cancer (BC) outcomes. We determined the distribution of body mass index (BMI) and evaluated its association with disease characteristics and outcomes in women with non-metastatic BC. Patients and Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database of consecutive patients treated for non-metastatic BC between 2002 and 2014. Patients were categorized into the following groups: underweight/normal weight (BMI <25 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2), and obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). Regression analysis was used to evaluate clinicopathological factors associated with BMI and clinical stage. Results A total of 2212 patients were enrolled. The median age was 45 years (interquartile range [IQR], 39–52 years), and the median BMI was 30 kg/m2 (IQR, 26–34 kg/m2). Most patients were premenopausal (63.6%), nearly half of the patients had stage III disease, and 11.2% were screen-detected. The prevalence of obesity was 53.4%, with a significant difference between the peri/premenopausal (49.4%) and postmenopausal (61.7%) groups (p < 0.001). Obese patients were more likely to be aged >40 years, be postmenopausal, have a history of oral contraceptive pills, have advanced-stage disease, and have undergone radiation therapy, and were less likely to have human epithelial growth factor 2 (HER2)+ disease than non-obese patients. Premenopausal obese women had fewer hormone receptor-positive and more triple-negative cancers than postmenopausal obese women did. Obesity, non-screening-detected BC, and HER+ status were independent prognostic factors for advanced-stage presentation. Conclusion The prevalence of obesity and its significant association with advanced BC justify the upscaling of screening services and instituting weight-reduction strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bader Alshamsan
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kausar Suleman
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naela Agha
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Marwa I Abdelgawad
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Clinical Oncology Department, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mashari J Alzahrani
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ONT, Canada
| | - Tusneem Elhassan
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taher Al-Tweigeri
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dahish Ajarim
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adher Alsayed
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
|
32
|
Aseafan M, Devol E, AlAhwal M, Souissi R, Sindi R, AlEid H, Bazarbashi S. Population-based survival for cancer patients in Saudi Arabia for the years 2005-2009. Sci Rep 2022; 12:235. [PMID: 34997176 PMCID: PMC8742104 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04374-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Saudi Cancer Registry reported in 2007 the 5-year observed survival for the most common cancer sites for the years 1994-2004. In this report we looked at the cancer survival in the period 2005-2009 and evaluated the trend over the 15 years period from 1994 to 2009. Cases of the top 14 cancer sites reported by the population based Saudi Cancer Registry from 1 January 2005 to December 31, 2009, were submitted for survival analysis. The vital status of those patients was collected. Analysis of survival for the above period was compared with the prior reported 2 periods (1994-1999, 2000-2004). In addition, analysis was done according to age, sex, disease stage and the province. Data of 25,969 patients of the commonest cancer sites were submitted. Of those 14,146 patients (54%) had complete demographic data available and vital status was reported. Thyroid cancer had the highest 5- year observed survival of 94% (95% confidence interval (CI) 93-95%)), followed by Breast (72%, 95% CI 71-74%). In hematological malignancies, Hodgkin's Lymphoma had the highest 5-year survival of 86% (95% CI 84-88%). Survival rates has improved in most of the cancers sites for the studied periods except for lung, uterine and Hodgkin's lymphoma which plateaued. Our study confirms a steady improvement in the 5-year observed survival over time for the majority of cancers. Our survival data were comparable to western countries. This data should be used by policy makers to improve on cancer care in the kingdom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Aseafan
- Section of Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Edward Devol
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud AlAhwal
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riad Souissi
- Research Department, Elm Company, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham Sindi
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya AlEid
- Department of Therapeutic Services, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shouki Bazarbashi
- Section of Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
|
33
|
Tamam N, Salah H, Rabbaa M, Abuljoud M, Sulieman A, Alkhorayef M, Bradley D. Evaluation of patients radiation dose during mammography imaging procedure. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
|
34
|
Shaheen NA, Alaskar A, Almuflih A, Muhanna N, Barrak Alzomia S, Hussein MA. Screening Practices, Knowledge and Adherence Among Health Care Professionals at a Tertiary Care Hospital. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:6975-6989. [PMID: 34707389 PMCID: PMC8542573 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s329056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Screening, a routine procedure done on individuals with or without disease, results in the early detection of disease. The aim of this study was to assess healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) level of knowledge related to and the adherence to screening. Methods A survey was conducted in HCPs, using a self-administered questionnaire. Knowledge was defined based on the correct or incorrect responses to the questions. Adherence to screening was considered if a test was done at least once in the past one year. Results Of the 379 participants, 61% were nurses, 34% physicians, and 5% pharmacists. The majority 68.78% were female. The average age of pharmacists was 29.17±7.09, physicians 35.57±10.08, and nurses 35.46±8.63 years. The knowledge related to breast cancer screening ranged between 50% and 57% and of a Pap smear, 41–54%. 94% nurses and 90% pharmacists had recorded an incorrect response to the required age of colon cancer screening. The overall screening adherence to diabetes was 46%, hypertension 68%, liver profile 43%, lipid profile 50%, breast cancer 10.38%, Pap smear 26%, prostate cancer 33%, and colon cancer 2.37%. HCPs aged ≥45 years had good adherence to diabetes screening. Pharmacists (88%) had the highest level of adherence to hypertension screening. Female HCPs poorly adhered to breast 38% and cervical cancer 26% screening. Only a third 33% of males, aged > 50 years, were screened for prostate cancer. Among HCPs aged ≥50 years (n=32), only three were screened for colon cancer. Conclusion Despite the increased incidence of diabetes, breast and colon cancer in Saudi Arabia, HCPs displayed poor knowledge related to screening. The adherence to diabetes screening was good. However, HCPs in a high-risk group displayed poor adherence to screening, specifically for breast, cervical and colon cancer. The medical and cancer screening guidelines should be made available to all HCPs regardless of their specialty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naila A Shaheen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,King Saud BIN Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alaskar
- King Saud BIN Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Division of Adult Hematology and SCT, King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Almuflih
- King Saud BIN Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Muhanna
- King Saud BIN Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sufyan Barrak Alzomia
- King Saud BIN Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Hussein
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,King Saud BIN Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
|
35
|
Alghamdi A, Balkhi B, Alqahtani S, Almotairi H. The Economic Burden Associated with the Management of Different Stages of Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Cost of Illness Analysis in Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:907. [PMID: 34356285 PMCID: PMC8307453 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9070907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, breast cancer management is associated with a heavy economic burden, but its impact in Saudi Arabia has not been fully quantified. The aim of this study was to estimate the economic burden of breast cancer management at various disease stages, in Saudi Arabia, from a payer perspective. We conducted a retrospective, multicenter cost of illness study in two governmental healthcare centers from January to December 2018, using the data of 300 patients at different breast cancer stages. A micro-costing, bottom-up method was used, and descriptive and inferential statistics were analyzed. The total estimated cost for treating breast cancer during the study period was $13.345 million USD, with the average cost per patient ranging from $14,249 USD in stage I to $81,489 USD in stage IV (p < 0.001). Medication cost was the main driver of total healthcare spending, followed by hospitalization and diagnostic tests. The cost of targeted therapy drugs represented 67% of the total medication costs, mostly driven by trastuzumab-based regimens. The economic burden of breast cancer management in Saudi Arabia is substantial and increases significantly with disease advancement. Early detection screening programs, evaluating the value of highly expensive interventions, and considering biosimilars, may contribute toward cost savings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alghamdi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (B.B.); (H.A.)
| | - Bander Balkhi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (B.B.); (H.A.)
| | - Shahad Alqahtani
- Pharmacy Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hamoud Almotairi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (B.B.); (H.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
36
|
Mammography Self-efficacy Scale and Breast Cancer Fear Scale: Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Versions Among Saudi Women. Cancer Nurs 2021; 44:163-170. [PMID: 31652134 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000000767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early screening for breast cancer (BC) is critical for improving health outcomes and reducing mortality. Research has shown that self-efficacy and fear of BC can influence patients' screening behaviors. Validated measures to assess these constructs among Saudi women are lacking. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Arabic versions of the Champion Mammography Self-efficacy Scale (CMSES) and Champion Breast Cancer Fear Scale (CBCFS) in a sample of Saudi women. METHODS The CMSES and CBCFS were back-translated into Arabic using an established translation protocol. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's α coefficients. Construct validity was evaluated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analytical procedures. RESULTS The findings from the factor analysis confirmed the unidimensional structure of both scales as reported by the original authors. Additionally, both scales exhibited high internal consistency (Cronbach's α coefficients) of .91 for the modified CMSES-Arabic and .94 for the CBCFS-Arabic. CONCLUSIONS This article provided initial evidence of reliability and construct validity for the modified CMSES-Arabic and the CBCFS-Arabic. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Nurses and other allied health professionals can now use these measures to better understand how self-efficacy and fear of BC are related to compliance with cancer screening among Saudi women and in other Arabic-speaking contexts. The scales could also be useful for developing and testing the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving mammography testing rates.
Collapse
|
|
37
|
Ahmadzadeh Amiri A, Haghshenas M, Ahmadzadeh Amiri A, Daneshvar F. Knowledge and attitude among outpatient women visiting a healthcare center in northern Iran regarding breast self-examination: a cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/jhr-09-2020-0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. This study aimed to compare the level of knowledge and attitude of females regarding Breast cancer and to determine the role of knowledge, attitude and barriers in performing regular self-examination.
Design/methodology/approach
Non-physician females aged 18 years old or above were enrolled in this cross-sectional study in two groups of usual clients and healthcare staff from January 2018 to January 2019 from a healthcare center in Sari, a major city in the northern district of Iran. A questionnaire was used to score the participants’ knowledge and attitude levels using questions about the participants' knowledge and attitude towards Breast cancer along with their status on Breast self-examination and barriers. Mean scores were used for statistical analysis using SPSS V25. p < 0.05 was considered significant.
Findings
A final dataset of 279 females were collected. A significant difference in the knowledge and attitude regarding breast cancer was found between the two study groups (p < 0.001). The practice of BSE was significantly lower in the usual clients compared to non-physician healthcare staff (p < 0.001). The most frequent barriers for not performing a regular BSE were fear of finding a mass in usual clients (17.8%) and lack of confidence in healthcare staff (3.8%).
Research limitations/implications
Limitations include single-centered sample selection.
Practical implications
Given the importance of early detection in breast cancer prevention and the general taboo regarding breast cancer screening methods in certain parts of the world, leading to poor results in early detection and prevention, the authors believe that it is of superior importance to address and promote positive attitudes in general population towards breast self-examination.
Originality/value
Given the importance of early detection in breast cancer prevention, and the general taboo regarding breast cancer screening methods in certain parts of the world, leading to poor results in early detection and prevention, the authors believe that it is of superior importance to address and promote positive attitudes in general population toward breast self-examination. The authors of this study believe that the manuscript represents honest and original work.
Collapse
|
|
38
|
Trabulsi NH, Shabkah AA, Ujaimi R, Iskanderani O, Kadi MS, Aljabri N, Sharbatly L, AlOtaibi MN, Farsi AH, Nassif MO, Saleem AM, Akeel NY, Malibary NH, Samkari AA. Locally Advanced Breast Cancer: Treatment Patterns and Predictors of Survival in a Saudi Tertiary Center. Cureus 2021; 13:e15526. [PMID: 34277162 PMCID: PMC8269977 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality. About 40% of BC in KSA is locally advanced BC (LABC), which has been associated with poorer survival compared with early diagnosed BC. Objective To review the presentation and outcomes of LABC, including the characteristics of the disease, different treatment modalities, overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and local recurrence in relation to different radiotherapy (RT) techniques. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 153 female patients with pathologically proven LABC diagnosed at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, KSA, between 2009 and 2017. We obtained data on patient demographics, stage of cancer at diagnosis, tumor characteristics (subtype and receptor status), type of surgery, systemic treatments received (hormonal, targeted therapy, and chemotherapy), RT variables, and recurrence and death dates. Data were analyzed to assess OS and DFS by using Kaplan-Meier analyses and the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to explore and identify factors associated with survival. Results The median survival time in the study population was 9.16 years. Older age (65+ years) was associated with worse OS and DFS than was younger age (<65 years) (hazard ratio (HR) 3.20, 95% CI 1.48-6.90, P = 0.003 and HR 2.21, 95% CI 1.12-4.36, P = 0.022, respectively). Regarding the type of surgery, having a mastectomy was associated with worse OS and DFS than was having a lumpectomy (HR 2.44, 95% CI 0.97-6.12, P = 0.05 and HR 2.41, 95% CI 1.13-5.14, P = 0.023, respectively). Positive estrogen and progesterone receptor status was associated with better OS and DFS than was a negative estrogen or progesterone receptor status (HR 0.13, 95% CI 0.05-0.30, P < 0.001 and HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.11-0.41, P < 0.001, respectively). Patients who received RT had a lower risk of recurrence than did those who did not receive RT (P = 0.011). Moreover, three-dimensional conformal RT was associated with lower local recurrence than intensity-modulated RT or volumetric-modulated arc therapy (P = 0.003). Conclusion Multiple factors can affect the OS and DFS in LABC. Younger patients, having hormone-positive disease, and undergoing lumpectomy were associated with better outcomes. Adjuvant RT may improve local control and the use of three-dimensional conformal RT was superior for local control. Prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to further highlight these findings and to assess the role of chemotherapy and targeted therapy in patients with LABC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora H Trabulsi
- Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Alaa A Shabkah
- Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Reem Ujaimi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Omar Iskanderani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mai S Kadi
- Department of Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Nuran Aljabri
- Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Liane Sharbatly
- Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Manal N AlOtaibi
- Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Ali H Farsi
- Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mohammed O Nassif
- Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Abdulaziz M Saleem
- Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Nouf Y Akeel
- Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Nadim H Malibary
- Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Ali A Samkari
- Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
|
39
|
Saeed S, Asim M, Sohail MM. Fears and barriers: problems in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment in Pakistan. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2021; 21:151. [PMID: 33853583 PMCID: PMC8045297 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Women in Pakistan lack appropriate awareness about diagnosis and treatment for breast cancer due to a range of multifaceted barriers. There is a dearth of literature examining the socio-cultural factors that inhibit women from breast cancer screening, diagnosis and treatment in Punjab, Pakistan. Addressing this gap, this qualitative study sought to identify and explore the barriers that hinder women from seeking timely screening and treatment. Methods In this process 45 women (age = 18–50 years) with breast cancer were purposively sampled and interviewed from the Punjab Institute of Nuclear Medicine (PINUM) hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Results An inductive approach was used to analyze the data which resulted in the emergence of eight subthemes under the umbrella of three major themes that delineate individual, socio-cultural and structural barriers to seek screening and treatment of breast cancer in Punjab. Individual barriers included lack of awareness, hesitance in accepting social support, and spiritual healing. The identified socio-cultural factors included feminine sensitivity, stigmatization, and aversion to male doctors. Lack of financial resources and apathetic medical services were structural barriers that hinder screening and treatment. Conclusions These barriers can be addressed through raising awareness and community mobilization about breast-self exam and treatment. The healthcare system should also pay attention to socio-psychological and cultural factors impeding women's access to available health facilities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12905-021-01293-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Saeed
- Department of Sociology and Social Research, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Muhammad Asim
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, PO Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.
| | - Malik Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Sociology, Institute of Arts and Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Chiniot Campus, Chiniot, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
|
40
|
Abdulwassi HK, Amer IT, Alhibshi AH, Alnajjar AA, Bahatheq AK, Trabulsi NH, Nassif MO. Recurrence rates and long-term survival factors in young women with breast cancer. Saudi Med J 2021; 41:393-399. [PMID: 32291426 PMCID: PMC7841605 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2020.4.24987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the factors related to breast cancer (BC) recurrence as well as survival in women ≤40 years old. Methods: This is a retrospective medical record review of women aged ≤40 years diagnosed with BC stages I to III between January 2009 and June 2017 at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Demographic data collected included patients’ initial presentation (including age and date of diagnosis), imaging studies, tumor characteristics, type of surgery, systemic therapy (if any) received, and site of first recurrence. Data was analyzed to assess recurrence rate, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS), and determine associated factors. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the mean, median, standard deviation, and quartiles. Chi-square test was performed to test the association between 2 variables. Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed to assess survival distribution. Results: A total of 117 patients were included for analysis. Median follow-up was 16 months (range 0 to 99). Five-year DFS 57% and OS was 89%. Adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with a better DFS (hazard ratio of 0.204; 95% confidence interval, 0.050 to 0.832; p=0.027). Higher tumor, node, metastasis stage was significantly associated with worse DFS (p=0.034). Fewer postoperative follow-up visits significantly predicted recurrence (p=0.003). Conclusion: We found a high risk of BC recurrence among patients at our institution. Higher cancer stage, nonuse adjuvant chemotherapy, and low follow-up rate were significant predictive factors for recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan K Abdulwassi
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
41
|
Sabgul AA, Qattan AMN, Hashmi R, Al-Hanawi MK. Husbands' Knowledge of Breast Cancer and Their Wives' Attitudes and Practices Related to Breast Cancer Screening in Saudi Arabia: Cross-sectional Online Survey. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e25404. [PMID: 33629959 PMCID: PMC7952233 DOI: 10.2196/25404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite Saudi Arabia's free and well-established cancer care program, breast cancer incidence and mortality are rising. Husbands' knowledge, and wives' attitudes and practices related to breast cancer screening are not well understood in Saudi Arabia. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate husbands' knowledge, and wives' attitudes and practices related to breast cancer screening in Saudi Arabia. METHODS This cross-sectional study collected data from 403 husbands in the holy city of Makkah through an online self-reported questionnaire over a period of 2 months, from May 6 to July 7, 2020. Tabulation, bivariate, and multiple regression analyses were the major tools used for data analysis. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the association between husbands' knowledge and wives' behavior regarding breast cancer screening methods. RESULTS Husbands' knowledge score (a 1-point increase) was significantly associated with the wives' utilization of mammograms (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.089, 95% CI 1.024-1.159) and breast self-examination (AOR 1.177, 95% CI 1.105-1.255). Husbands' knowledge also influenced the wives' attitudes toward learning about breast self-examination (AOR 1.138, 95% CI 1.084-1.195). There was no significant association between husbands' knowledge and wives' utilization of clinical breast examination. However, richer husbands showed a socioeconomic gradient concerning their wives' utilization of clinical breast examinations (AOR 2.603, 95% CI 1.269-5.341). CONCLUSIONS Overall, husbands' knowledge of breast cancer influences wives' attitudes and practices related to breast cancer screening methods in Saudi Arabia. Thus, interventions delivered to husbands might increase breast cancer awareness and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afnan Abdulnasir Sabgul
- Academic Affairs and Training Department, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Health Services and Hospital Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameerah M N Qattan
- Department of Health Services and Hospital Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rubayyat Hashmi
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Australia.,School of Business, Faculty of Business, Education, Law and Arts, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi
- Department of Health Services and Hospital Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
|
42
|
Cheema S, Maisonneuve P, Lowenfels AB, Abraham A, Doraiswamy S, Mamtani R. Influence of Age on 2040 Cancer Burden in the Older Population of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries: Public Health Implications. Cancer Control 2021; 28:10732748211027158. [PMID: 34486405 PMCID: PMC8424601 DOI: 10.1177/10732748211027158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND STUDY AIMS The underlying population of global regions varies widely and is a major determinant of regional cancer differences. The aims were to: (1) estimate the cancer burden in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries in 2040 for the ≥70 population and (2) assess the public health implications for this cancer increase. METHODS We used Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) estimates of cancer incidence and mortality for people aged 70 years or more in GCC countries from 2018 to 2040 from the International Agency for Research on Cancer. For population growth, we used data for the same period from the Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. From these, we calculated the predicted increase in the number of cancer cases and cancer deaths from 2018 to 2040 and the proportion of cases/deaths represented by those aged 70+ for the 2 time periods. FINDINGS In the GCC countries, the predicted number of newly diagnosed cancers and cancer deaths in the older population will increase by 465% and 462% respectively due to demographic changes-greater than other countries in the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region, or in countries of similar economic development. The largest predicted increases will be for Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. Based on the predicted population age, cancer burden among older people in the GCC countries will increase by approximately 460%. CONCLUSION By the year 2040, the relationship between cancer and age will cause a 4- to 5-fold increase in the cancer burden in the GCC. These predictable changes will require additional planning and resources to provide appropriate healthcare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sohaila Cheema
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Patrick Maisonneuve
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Albert B. Lowenfels
- Department of Surgery and Department of Family Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Amit Abraham
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ravinder Mamtani
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
|
43
|
Alyabsi M, Gaid R, Alqunaibet A, Alaskar A, Mahmud A, Alghamdi J. Impact of the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline on the prevalence of elevated blood pressure and hypertension: a cross-sectional analysis of 10 799 individuals. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e041973. [PMID: 33384395 PMCID: PMC7780512 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of the 2017 American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) hypertension guideline on the prevalence of elevated blood pressure (BP) and hypertension and the initiation of antihypertensive treatment, as well as the level of adherence to the BP target in the Saudi population. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 10 799 adults (≥18 years old), with three BP readings during 2017-2020 from the Saudi Biobank was used. PRIMARY OUTCOME Hypertension was defined using three sources: the Joint National Committee 7 Blood Pressure Guideline (JNC-7) guideline (systolic BP (SBP)≥140 or diastolic BP (DBP)≥90 mm Hg), the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline (SBP≥130 or DBP≥80 mm Hg) and a self-reported hypertension diagnosis. RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension, according to the JNC-7 guideline, was 14.49% (95% CI 14.37 to 14.61), and the 2017 ACC/AHA, 40.77% (95% CI 40.60 to 40.94), a difference of 26.28%. Antihypertensive medication was recommended for 24.84% (95% CI 24.69 to 24.98) based on the JNC-7 guideline and 27.67% (95% CI 27.52 to 27.82) using the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline. Lifestyle modification was recommended for 13.10% (95% CI 12.47 to 13.74) of patients with hypertension who were not eligible for a pharmacological intervention, based on the 2017 ACA/AHA guideline. For patients with prescribed antihypertensive medication, 49.56% (95% CI 45.50 to 53.64) and 27.81% (95% CI 24.31 to 31.59) presented with a BP reading above the treatment goal, based on the 2017 ACA/AHA and JNC-7 guidelines, respectively. Using the two definitions, the risk factors were older age, male gender, diabetes diagnosis, increased body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio. CONCLUSIONS According to the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, the prevalence of hypertension has increased significantly, but there was only a small increase in the proportion of patients recommended for antihypertensive treatment. A large proportion of patients with prescribed antihypertensive medication, had a BP above the target. Unless public health prevention efforts are adopted, the increased prevalence of elevated BP and hypertension will increase cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mesnad Alyabsi
- Population Health Research Section, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham Gaid
- Population Health Research Section, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Noura Bint Abdul Rahman University, Health, and Rehabilitation Sciences college, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ada Alqunaibet
- Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alaskar
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- The Saudi Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azra Mahmud
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- The Saudi Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jahad Alghamdi
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- The Saudi Biobank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
|
44
|
|
|
45
|
Momenimovahed Z, Tiznobaik A, Taheri S, Hassanipour S, Salehiniya H. A review of barriers and facilitators to mammography in Asian women. Ecancermedicalscience 2020; 14:1146. [PMID: 33343705 PMCID: PMC7738271 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Asia and one of the major health problems in most countries in the region. Despite extensive advances in treatment, early diagnosis is one of the main methods for increasing the survival rate. It is necessary to evaluate the barriers and facilitators of screening in different societies. This study was conducted to identify the barriers and facilitators of mammography in Asia. Materials and methods To identify the barriers and facilitators of mammography in Asia, a comprehensive search was carried out in databases such as Medline, Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus using keywords, including breast cancer, screening, mammography, barriers, facilitators and the names of each Asian country, as well as a combination of these keywords were used to help the search. Full-text, English language and original articles were included in this study. Results In total, 71 articles were entered into the study. The findings of this study revealed various barriers to mammography in Asian women, including knowledge, sociodemographic factors, cost and insurance, cultural factors, belief, attitude and feeling, fear, pain and embarrassment, self-efficacy, religious, psychological factors, time constraint, fatalism, professional recommendations, communication, social support and access. Also, knowledge, attitude and belief, perceived risk, professional and social factors were found to be facilitators of mammography. Conclusion Knowing the barriers and facilitators to access mammography is the first step in the development of a successful screening program. Awareness and various personal, professional and social factors have emerged as the major barriers to access to mammography in most Asian countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hamid Salehiniya
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
|
46
|
Abdel-Salam DM, Mohamed RA, Alyousef HY, Almasoud WA, Alanzi MB, Mubarak AZ, Osman DM. Perceived Barriers and Awareness of Mammography Screening Among Saudi Women Attending Primary Health Centers. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2020; 13:2553-2561. [PMID: 33209065 PMCID: PMC7670172 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s277375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mammography screening (MS) is an underutilized screening tool; although it is provided free of charge to the Saudi community. The present study aimed at assessing knowledge and barriers of mammography screening among women attending primary health centers in Aljouf region, Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out among 423 women aged 41-75 years attending ten primary health centers in Aljouf region, Saudi Arabia. Structured interviewing questionnaires were used for data collection. SPSS program, version 24 was used for data analysis. RESULTS The least reported risk factors of BC in this study were early menarche (14.9%), first pregnancy after the age of 30 years (18%), and late menopause (18.7%). Concerning knowledge of MS, 50.8% of the women correctly identified that mammogram is the ideal method for detecting BC. The most encountered personal barriers towards MS were lack of information about mammogram (69.5%), fear of exposure to radiation (67.4%), fear of discovery of BC (62.9%), being busy all the time (62.2%), and fear of cancer treatment (61.9%). Regarding economic barriers, 40% of the participants reported that taking sick leave from work is difficult while 37.8% revealed that mammogram is costly. Concerning health system barriers, the most common barriers were fear of error in diagnosis (62.6%), long time to take medical appointment (57%), and preferring not to have a mammogram except after a doctor recommendation (52.7%). The present study showed that women's education and residence significantly predicted their knowledge. Furthermore, women's education and income significantly predicted their barriers towards MS. CONCLUSION Many barriers toward mammography screening were encountered in the present study. Addressing these barriers and raising awareness about MS may be of great value to increase its uptake by Saudi women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doaa M Abdel-Salam
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Aljouf 42421, Saudi Arabia.,Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Mohamed
- Family Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Hind Y Alyousef
- College of Medicine, Jouf University, Aljouf 42421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wahaj A Almasoud
- College of Medicine, Jouf University, Aljouf 42421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael B Alanzi
- College of Medicine, Jouf University, Aljouf 42421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atheer Z Mubarak
- College of Medicine, Jouf University, Aljouf 42421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa M Osman
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
|
47
|
Farsi NJ, Al-Wassia R, Merdad L. Do Men and Women in Saudi Arabia Have the Same Level of Awareness and Knowledge of Breast Cancer? A Cross-Sectional Study. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2020; 12:131-139. [PMID: 33116815 PMCID: PMC7549753 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s262544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Context Awareness is important in combating breast cancer, as early detection (through mammograms) and prompt treatment offer the greatest chance of long-term survival. Aims The aim of this study was to assess public knowledge of breast cancer (signs, symptoms, and risk factors) and awareness of screening programs; and compare it among men and women. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among male and female residents of five of the geographic regions of Saudi Arabia from February 2015 to May 2015. Information was collected using a questionnaire, and included sociodemographic data, general knowledge about breast cancer, and awareness of screening programs. Chi-squared test was used to compare the binary knowledge variables (correct/incorrect) between men and women. Logistic regression was utilized to assess predictors of breast cancer knowledge. Results A total of 9691 men and 31,022 women were surveyed. Women had better knowledge regarding breast cancer symptoms than men, except for breast cancer being related to death. Men and women had similar knowledge of breast cancer risk factors; however, more women correctly identified family history (68%), large breast size (46%) as increasing risk, and breastfeeding (60%) as reducing the risk of breast cancer compared to men (56%, 32%, and 47%, respectively). Older age and higher education were related with high breast cancer knowledge, and it was more pronounced among men. Employment was a predictor for better knowledge among women. Participants with no history of breast cancer were less likely to have good breast cancer knowledge compared with those with a family history, (OR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.5–0.6) and (OR: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.5–0.6) among men and women, respectively. More women (24%) than men (19%) knew of breast cancer screening programs, although the awareness was low in both genders. Conclusion Awareness campaigns in Saudi Arabia, especially those aimed at men, remain critical to increase knowledge and change behavior toward early detection of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nada J Farsi
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rolina Al-Wassia
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena Merdad
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
|
48
|
Uptake of breast and cervical cancer screening in four Gulf Cooperation Council countries. Eur J Cancer Prev 2020; 28:451-456. [PMID: 30260812 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In Gulf Cooperation Council States, there is limited information on national levels of mammography and Pap smear screening uptake. The aim of this study is to provide a baseline for national estimates for mammography and Pap smear screening and to explore associations between screening uptake and socioeconomic factors. The nationally representative World Health Survey Plus, implemented in 2008/2009 in Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates (UAE), was used. Uptake of mammography and Pap smear was estimated for each country, followed by the examination of associations between screening and a range of socioeconomic variables. Levels of breast and cervical cancer screening uptake within recommended intervals in all countries were low. The percentages of women aged 40-75 years who had a mammogram were 4.9% in Saudi Arabia, 8.9% in Oman, 13.9% in the UAE and 14.6% in Kuwait. The percentages of women aged 25-49 years who had a Pap smear test were 7.6% in Saudi Arabia, 10.6% in Oman, 17.7% in Kuwait and 28.0% in the UAE. Marital status, wealth, education, nationality and place of residence are associated with screening uptake, with the lower educated, poor and unmarried having the lowest percentages of uptake. The four Gulf Cooperation Council countries need to set clear targets and increase the proportion of women who have regular breast and cervical cancer screening examinations. Health education campaigns and awareness programmes that are fully integrated into the health system are required to ensure women use services that are available to prevent breast and cervical cancers.
Collapse
|
|
49
|
Shareefi G, Turkistani AN, Alsayyah A, Kussaibi H, Abdel Hadi M, Alkharsah KR. Pathway-Affecting Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in RPS6KA1 and MBIP Genes are Associated with Breast Cancer Risk. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2163-2168. [PMID: 32711446 PMCID: PMC7573412 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.7.2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Genetic mutations and polymorphisms play an important role in the transformation of primary cells to malignant cells as it may lead to disturbance of vital pathways regulating cell cycle, DNA damage repair, and apoptosis. In this study, we genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which were predicted to affect certain pathways and to increase the risk of breast cancer. Methods: The study included 81 Saudi breast cancer patients and 100 matching healthy controls from the Eastern Province in Saudi Arabia. The following SNPs (rs3168891, rs2899849, rs2230394, rs2229714) were then genotyped by TaqMan genotyping assay and the allele and genotype distribution was compared. Results: The minor allele frequency of the following SNPs (rs3168891, rs2899849, rs2230394, rs2229714) was T=0.17, A=0.28, A=0.22, and G=0.16 respectively. The G allele of the SNP rs3168891 was significantly associated with increased breast cancer risk (P = 0.00001) while the T allele of the same locus was associated with reduced risk of breast cancer in both heterozygous and homozygous states. The T allele of SNP rs2229714 which is located in the RPS6KA1 gene was also significantly associated with the increased risk of breast cancer. However, the rs2899849 SNP located in the Integrin beta-1 (ITGB1) gene was not associated with the increased risk of breast cancer in our study population. Haplotype analysis revealed the presence of three risk haplotypes that increases the risk of breast cancer (TGGT, TGTA, GATA). Conclusion: We showed that three, previously untested, SNPs are associated with increased risk of breast cancer in our population. This may be added to the list of factors involved in breast cancer risk assessment studies. The benefit and the utility of the in-silico prediction of disease risk factors and their genetic association had been demonstrated in this study, yet the predicted risk alleles have to be tested in clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghadah Shareefi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Nabil Turkistani
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alsayyah
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham Kussaibi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Abdel Hadi
- Breast Division, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled R Alkharsah
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
|
50
|
Incidence trends of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Saudi Arabia: Increasing incidence or competing risks? Cancer Epidemiol 2020; 67:101764. [PMID: 32559676 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2020.101764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL) varies between countries likely as a result of competing risks including infections, access-to-care, socioeconomic influences, and/or ethnicity. However, little is known about disease burden in high-income Arab countries offering free-of-charge healthcare. The hypothesis was that, due to population characteristics (young age, high fertility and parental consanguinity rate), the incidence of cALL in Saudi Arabia is equal or higher than that observed in high-income Western countries. METHODS Saudi databases were used to calculate the incidence of cALL from 2001 to 2014. Incidence trends over time of children with ALL, 14-years of age or younger, were analyzed and compared with those reported in USA. RESULTS The age-adjusted incidence over the years was lower in Saudi Arabia compared to USA. However, the incidence trend of cALL in Saudi Arabia was increasing at a rate higher than that observed in USA (p < 0.001). The overall incidence of cALL in Saudi Arabia increased from 1.58/100,000 in 2001 to 2.35/100,000 population in 2014. The median annual increase was 4.58 %. The incidence in males increased from 1.88 to 2.71/100,000, and from 1.21 to 1.86/100,000 population in females. CONCLUSIONS The reported incidence of cALL in Saudi Arabia is rapidly increasing. The increasing trend may reflect evolving socioeconomic structure, improved access-to-cancer care, and improved diagnosis/ reporting capacity. This highlights the need for better understanding of cALL causes and the need for the formation of separate national pediatric cancer registries in different countries to monitor childhood cancer incidence trends.
Collapse
|