• Carcinoembryonic antigen
• HER2-negative
• breast cancer
• hormone receptor-positive
• survival

• Humans
• Female
• Carcinoembryonic Antigen/blood
• Breast Neoplasms/pathology
• Breast Neoplasms/surgery
• Retrospective Studies
• Prognosis
• Middle Aged
• Disease-Free Survival
• Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
• Aged
• Adult
• Postoperative Period
• Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
• Survival Rate
• Aged, 80 and over

• Androgen receptor
• Castration-resistant prostate cancer
• MUC1
• ST3GAL2
• Stage-specific embryonic antigen-4

• Male
• Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
• Receptors, Androgen/genetics
• Humans
• Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/metabolism
• Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/pathology
• Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
• Mucin-1/genetics
• Mucin-1/metabolism
• Sialyltransferases/genetics
• Sialyltransferases/metabolism
• beta-Galactoside alpha-2,3-Sialyltransferase
• Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigens/metabolism
• Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigens/genetics
• Cell Line, Tumor
• Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic

• Anti-HER2 target treatment
• HER2-positive breast cancer
• Neoadjuvant treatment
• Pathologic complete response

• Humans
• Female
• Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
• Breast Neoplasms/pathology
• Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
• Receptor, ErbB-2/antagonists & inhibitors
• Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
• Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods
• Middle Aged
• Retrospective Studies
• Adult
• Aged
• Prognosis
• Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
• Biomarkers, Tumor
• Treatment Outcome

• Cancer biomarker
• Carcinoembryonic antigen
• Electrochemical immunosensor
• Ionic liquid
• Molybdenum trioxide
• Reduced graphene oxide

• Carcinoembryonic Antigen/blood
• Carcinoembryonic Antigen/analysis
• Ionic Liquids/chemistry
• Graphite/chemistry
• Oxides/chemistry
• Molybdenum/chemistry
• Electrochemical Techniques/methods
• Humans
• Biosensing Techniques/methods
• Limit of Detection
• Nanocomposites/chemistry

• Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)
• SERB-IRPHA

• ErbB-2
• Risk factors
• breast neoplasms
• meta-analysis
• receptor
• systematic review

• Humans
• Breast Neoplasms/pathology
• Breast Neoplasms/mortality
• Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
• Female
• Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
• Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
• Japan/epidemiology
• Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology
• Risk Factors
• Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
• Receptors, Progesterone/analysis
• Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
• Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
• Lymphatic Metastasis
• Disease-Free Survival

• adjuvants
• antigens
• biomarkers
• breast cancer
• challenges
• diagnostics
• patents
• therapeutics
• vaccine strategies

• Benz(a)pyrene
• Breast cancer
• carcino embryonic antigen (CEA)
• propolis
• withaferin-A

• PET
• immunoPET
• immunoimaging
• molecular imaging
• monoclonal antibody (mAb)
• solid tumors

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is an important serum tumour marker with a substantial role in diagnosis and monitoring of various solid tumours. About 36%-70% of breast cancers have elevated serum CEA. And the available studies show discrepancy in addressing the prognostic significance of CEA in advanced breast cancer.

To estimate the serum CEA level in our metastatic breast cancer patients and correlate it with response to treatment and clinical outcome.

This was a prospective clinical study conducted on 50 metastatic breast cancer patients treated at breast clinic, with newly diagnosed metastatic breast cancer planned for palliative chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and hormonal treatment. We estimated the proportion of patients with elevated serum CEA level at baseline and after palliative treatment and also studied the association of serum CEA levels with known prognostic factors. The response to treatment was correlated with the serum CEA levels in the context of responders and non-responders.

The median pre-treatment and post-treatment CEA levels were 7.9 (1.8-40.7) ng/mL and 4.39 (1.4-12.15) ng/mL, respectively, in the whole study population (P = 0.032). No statistically significant difference was seen in baseline serum CEA between responders and non-responders. Even in the luminal group, pre-treatment serum CEA was not a predictor of response, but post-treatment CEA was a significant predictor of tumour progression. In patients with liver and lung metastases, post-treatment CEA level difference was not statistically significant in both responders and non-responders though the values were higher in non-responders. Among those with bone metastases, 69.5% had elevated post-treatment serum CEA, and only 37.5% had elevated serum CEA in those with no bone metastases.

Elevated post-treatment serum CEA levels are associated with disease progression and poor response to therapy. Persistently elevated post-treatment serum CEA levels are significantly associated with bone metastases. Elevated serum CEA and hormonal status are significant predictors of treatment response.

• Carcinoembryonic antigen
• Metastatic breast cancer
• Serum tumour marker
• Luminal and non-luminal metastatic breast cancer
• Palliative chemotherapy

Molecular subtypes are employed as a guide for targeted treatment and important prognostic factors. This study focused on investigating the association of serum levels of CEA, CA15-3, and CA125 with clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer to find prognostic markers for breast cancer and provide precise targeted therapy.

In this study, 961 breast cancer patients with preoperative serum levels of CEA, CA15-3, and CA125 and molecular subtypes were analyzed. Cut-off values of 5 ng/ml, 25 U/ml, and 35 U/ml were used for CEA, CA15-3, and CA125, respectively. The χ² test and Fisher exact test along with logistic multivariate regression analysis were performed for investigating the correlation of CEA, CA15-3, and CA125 serum levels with molecular subtypes and associated factors.

An increase in the serum concentrations of CEA, CA15-3, and CA125 was discovered in 48 (4.99%), 54 (5.62%), and 55 (5.72%) breast cancer patients, respectively. Univariate analysis demonstrated that the levels of CEA (p < 0.01) and CA15-3 (p < 0.05) were significantly linked with molecular types of breast cancer. Moreover, patients having larger tumor size (p < 0.01, p < 0.0001, and p < 0.05, respectively) along with nodal metastasis (p < 0.05, p = 0.0001, and p < 0.05, respectively) exhibited higher rates of elevated CEA, CA15-3, and CA125 levels. Status of Her-2 positive (p < 0.01) had a significant connection with elevated CEA levels. Multivariate analysis further indicated that molecular subtypes were independent factors associated with CEA and CA15-3 levels. Also, Her-2 status was significantly and independently related to CEA levels.

Preoperative serum levels of CEA and CA15-3 were independently associated with molecular subtypes of breast cancer. CEA and CA15-3 might improve the prognostic prediction for patients with breast cancer and inform the selection of specific therapies. A further biological analysis is needed for investigating the relationship between Her-2 expression and CEA levels.

Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a tumor marker especially used to follow a patient with colorectal cancer. However, it is non-specific and could be increased in several cancers and some benign conditions. We report the case of a 70-year-old man followed since 2014 for a left colon adenocarcinoma with the persistence of an increased CEA. There was no evidence of recurrence, but a right lobar thyroid nodule without a significantly increased uptake was incidentally discovered on the CT scan of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) PET/CT. We suspected a medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) explaining the persistent elevation of CEA. Plasma calcitonin levels were 47 ng/L (N < 10). Fine needle aspiration cytology found atypia of undetermined significance and the patient was reluctant to undergo surgery without any further exploration. We performed a ¹⁸F-fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine (¹⁸F-FDOPA) PET/CT preoperatively which revealed a punctiform focus of the right thyroid lobe corresponding to a pT1aN1aMxR0 medullary thyroid carcinoma, histopathologically confirmed. This case highlights that despite the potential usefulness of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in case of an unknown source of elevated CEA this imaging may be falsely negative as in the case of MTC and should lead to further explorations.

• calcitonin
• carcinoembryonic antigen
• colon adenocarcinoma
• medullary thyroid carcinoma

• Breast cancer
• Machine learning
• Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
• Pathologic complete response

CEACAM5 is overexpressed in many primary breast carcinomas. However, the exact role of CEACAM5 in breast cancer tumorigenesis remains unresolved. Here, we examined a repository of 110 cryopreserved primary breast carcinomas by immunohistochemistry to assess the distribution of CEACAM5 in tumor subtypes. The majority of estrogen receptor-positive and HER2-overexpressing tumors were CEACAM5-positive, whereas most of Triple-negative tumors were negative. Assessing sample sets of paired primary breast cancers and corresponding lymph node lesions from a total of 59 patients revealed a high correlation between primary tumor and lymph node with regard to CEACAM5-status. However, a notable subset of sample sets demonstrated intratumoral heterogeneity in the primary tumor, the metastatic lesion or both, suggesting that both CEACAM5-positive and –negative cells can play a role in tumor dissemination. When examining the consequence of expression of CEACAM5 in breast cancer cell lines in culture assays we found that CEACAM5-expressing cells were less invasive. In survival analysis, using cohort studies of breast cancer, expression of CEACAM5 predicted different clinical outcomes depending on molecular subtypes. Altogether, our analysis suggests that CEACAM5 plays a context-dependent role in breast cancer that warrants further investigation.

• CEA
• CEACAM5
• breast cancer
• immunohistochemistry
• invasion

• biomarkers
• breast cancer
• electrochemistry
• immobilization
• impedance
• magnetic NPs
• nanobiosensors
• nanomaterial
• nanoparticles (NPs)
• self-assembled monolayers (SAMs)
• signal amplification

• Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
• Biosensing Techniques/instrumentation
• Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Electrochemical Techniques/instrumentation
• Exosomes
• Humans
• MicroRNAs

• APVV 17-0300 Agentúra na Podporu Výskumu a Vývoja

• Cancer
• carcinoembryonic antigen
• life insurance
• mortality
• tumor markers.

• 68Ga
• bispecific antibody
• breast cancer
• immuno-PET
• pretargeting

Aberrant DNA methylation disrupts normal gene expression in cancer and broadly contributes to oncogenesis. We previously developed MethylMix, a model-based algorithmic approach to identify epigenetically regulated driver genes. MethylMix identifies genes where methylation likely executes a functional role by using transcriptomic data to select only methylation events that can be linked to changes in gene expression. However, given that proteins more closely link genotype to phenotype recent high-throughput proteomic data provides an opportunity to more accurately identify functionally relevant abnormal methylation events. Here we present a MethylMix analysis that refines nominations for epigenetic driver genes by leveraging quantitative high-throughput proteomic data to select only genes where DNA methylation is predictive of protein abundance. Applying our algorithm across three cancer cohorts we find that using protein abundance data narrows candidate nominations, where the effect of DNA methylation is often buffered at the protein level. Next, we find that MethylMix genes predictive of protein abundance are enriched for biological processes involved in cancer including functions involved in epithelial and mesenchymal transition. Moreover, our results are also enriched for tumor markers which are predictive of clinical features like tumor stage and we find clustering using MethylMix genes predictive of protein abundance captures cancer subtypes.

To elucidate the molecular basis of cancer we examine the variation and dynamics characterizing the flow of information from epigenome to the transcriptome and proteome. Conducting the first genome wide analysis of epigenome-proteome associations, we present a MethylMix analysis that leverages protein abundance data taking advantage of recent high-throughput proteomic data generated using mass-spectrometry technology to elucidate the role of DNA methylation in cancer. By integrating across molecular data types, we confirm the benefit of using protein abundance data to provide additional insights into pathways and processes involved in oncogenesis and how they manifest as clinical phenotypes. Applying our method across three large cancer cohorts including breast cancer, ovarian cancer and colorectal cancer, MethylMix identifies key genes and describes molecular features and subtypes in these cancers.

• breast cancer
• molecular subtype
• pathological feature
• prognosis
• tumor marker

• Breast cancer
• CEACAM5
• Circulated tumor cells
• KRT19
• Lymph node metastasis
• Prognosis
• RT-qPCR

• CA15-3
• breast cancer
• carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
• prognosis
• residual cancer
• tumor marker