• Arab women
• Breast cancer
• Breast cancer survival
• Cancer epidemiology
• Histopathological stage
• Molecular subtypes

• Humans
• Female
• Saudi Arabia/epidemiology
• Breast Neoplasms/pathology
• Breast Neoplasms/mortality
• Breast Neoplasms/ethnology
• Breast Neoplasms/genetics
• Breast Neoplasms/classification
• Middle Aged
• Prognosis
• Adult
• Arabs/statistics & numerical data
• Aged
• Cohort Studies
• Receptor, ErbB-2

• Body mass index
• Breast cancer
• Prognosis
• Survival

• Humans
• Female
• Breast Neoplasms/mortality
• Breast Neoplasms/pathology
• Breast Neoplasms/therapy
• Breast Neoplasms/complications
• Body Mass Index
• Middle Aged
• Retrospective Studies
• Prognosis
• Obesity/complications
• Obesity/epidemiology
• Adult
• Disease-Free Survival
• Aged
• Iran/epidemiology
• Menopause

• Breast cancer
• Determinants
• Disease-free survival
• Management appropriateness
• Morocco

• Humans
• Female
• Breast Neoplasms/mortality
• Breast Neoplasms/therapy
• Breast Neoplasms/pathology
• Morocco/epidemiology
• Middle Aged
• Adult
• Aged
• Neoplasm Staging
• Prognosis
• Disease-Free Survival
• Aged, 80 and over
• Treatment Outcome
• Young Adult

• 001 World Health Organization

• Benin
• Breast cancer
• Prognostic factors
• Sub-saharan africa
• Survival

• Humans
• Benin/epidemiology
• Female
• Breast Neoplasms/mortality
• Breast Neoplasms/pathology
• Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Middle Aged
• Prognosis
• Retrospective Studies
• Adult
• Neoplasm Staging
• Aged
• Lymphatic Metastasis
• Tertiary Care Centers/statistics & numerical data

• Morocco
• breast cancer
• cancer epidemiology
• immunohistochemistry
• molecular subtypes

• Humans
• Female
• Breast Neoplasms/pathology
• Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
• Morocco/epidemiology
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Retrospective Studies
• Middle Aged
• Adult
• Immunohistochemistry
• Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
• Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
• Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
• Aged
• Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
• Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis

• Ovary

• Humans
• Female
• Morocco/epidemiology
• Ovarian Neoplasms/epidemiology

• advanced breast cancer
• clinical epidemiological characteristic
• molecular subtype
• retrospective study
• site of distant metastasis

Recent epidemiological studies suggest that reproductive factors are associated with breast cancer (BC) molecular subtypes. However, these associations have not been thoroughly studied in the African populations. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of BC molecular subtypes and assess their association with reproductive factors in Tanzanian BC patients.

This hospital-based case-only cross-sectional study consisted of 263 histologically confirmed BC patients in Tanzania. Clinico-pathological data, socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and reproductive risk factors were examined using the Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA. The association among reproductive factors and BC molecular subtypes was analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. The heterogeneity of the associations was assessed using the Wald test.

We found evident subtype heterogeneity for reproductive factors. We observed that post-menopausal status was more prevalent in luminal-A subtype, while compared to luminal-A subtype, luminal-B and HER-2 enriched subtypes were less likely to be found in post-menopausal women (OR: 0.21, 95%CI 0.10–0.41, p = 0.001; OR: 0.39, 95%CI 0.17–0.89, p = 0.026, respectively). Also, the luminal-B subtype was more likely to be diagnosed in patients aged ≤ 40 years than the luminal-A subtype (OR: 2.80, 95%CI 1.46–5.32, p = 0.002). Women who had their first full-term pregnancy at < 30 years were more likely to be of luminal-B (OR: 2.71, 95%CI 1.18–4.17, p = 0.018), and triple-negative (OR: 2.28, 95%CI 1.02–4.07, p = 0.044) subtypes relative to luminal-A subtype. Furthermore, we observed that breastfeeding might have reduced odds of developing luminal-A, luminal-B and triple-negative subtypes. Women who never breastfed were more likely to be diagnosed with luminal-B and triple-negative subtypes when compared to luminal-A subtype (OR: 0.46, 95%CI 0.22–0.95, p = 0.035; OR: 0.41, 95%CI 0.20–0.85, p = 0.017, respectively).

.

Our results are the first data reporting reproductive factors heterogeneity among BC molecular subtypes in Tanzania. Our findings suggest that breast-feeding may reduce the likelihood of developing luminal-A, luminal-B, and triple-negative subtypes. Meanwhile, the first full-term pregnancy after 30 years of age could increase the chance of developing luminal-A subtype, a highly prevalent subtype in Tanzania. More interventions to promote modifiable risk factors across multiple levels may most successfully reduce BC incidence in Africa.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12905-021-01536-6.

• Breast cancer
• Heterogeneity
• Molecular subtype
• Reproductive risk factors
• Tanzania

• Breast cancer
• India
• Molecular subtypes

• bladder metastases
• breast carcinoma
• cystoscopy
• hematuria
• transurethral resection

Breast cancer (BC) mortality is exceptionally high in Africa due to late presentation and advanced-stage diagnosis. Previous studies examining barriers to early BC presentation are markedly inconsistent, showing conflicting findings within and between African regions, making resource allocation and designing interventional campaigns challenging. Our objective was to assess the strength or magnitude of the association between determinants/risk factors and delayed presentation/advanced-stage diagnosis of BC in Africa.

Electronic searches in PubMed, AJOL, Google, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, and PubMed Central found eligible articles between 2000 and 2020. The meta-analytical procedure in Meta-XL used the quality effect model. I-squared (I²) above 75% indicated high heterogeneity. The summary effect size was the odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals.

The effect of socio-economic and demographic determinants on delay varies across African regions. Low level of education (1.63, 95% CI 1.01-2.63), and not performing breast self examination (BSE) (13.59, 95% CI 3.33-55.4) were significantly associated with delayed presentation. Younger patients had more significant delays in West Africa (WA, 1.41, 95%CI 1.08-1.85), and the reverse occurred in North Africa (0.68, 95%CI 0.48-0.97). Lack of BC knowledge (1.59, 95% CI 1.29-1.97), not performing BSE, or no history of undergoing clinical breast examination (CBE) (2.45, 95% CI 1.60-3.40), were associated with advanced-stage disease at diagnosis. Older patients had significantly more advanced disease in WA, and the reverse occurred in South Africa. Aggressive molecular BC subtypes [Triple negative (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.27-2.06) or HER2 positive (1.56, 95% CI 1.10-2.23)] were significant determinants of advanced-stage diagnosis.

Promoting early presentation and reducing advanced-stage BC throughout Africa should focus on modifiable factors, including providing quality education, improving breast health awareness and BC knowledge, and developing strategies to increase BSE and CBE. Interventions targeting socio-demographic determinants should be context-specific.

• Advanced-stage
• Africa
• Meta-analysis
• breast cancer
• delay

Several prognostic factors affect the recurrence of breast cancer in patients who undergo mastectomy. Assays of the expression profiles of multiple genes increase the probability of overexpression of certain genes and thus can potentially characterize the risk of metastasis.

We propose a 20-gene classifier for predicting patients with high/low risk of recurrence within 5 years. Gene expression levels from a quantitative PCR assay were used to screen 473 luminal breast cancer patients treated at Taiwan Hospital (positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors, negative for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2). Gene expression scores, along with clinical information (age, tumor stage, and nodal stage), were evaluated for risk prediction. The classifier could correctly predict patients with and without relapse (logistic regression, P<0.05).

A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that the 20-gene panel was prognostic with hazard ratios of 5.63 (95% confidence interval 2.77-11.5, univariate) and 5.56 (2.62-11.8, multivariate) for the “genetic” model, and of 8.02 (3.52-18.3, univariate) and 19.8 (5.96-65.87, multivariate) for the “clinicogenetic” model during a 5-year follow-up.

The proposed 20-gene classifier can successfully separate the patients into two risk groups, and the two risk group had significantly different relapse rate and prognosis. This 20-gene classifier can provide better estimation of prognosis, which can help physicians to make better personalized treatment plans.

• Asian
• classifier model
• gene expression profile
• luminal type breast cancer
• recurrence

• Breast cancer
• Potchefstroom
• South Africa
• cross-sectional study
• molecular subtypes
• receptor status

Female breast cancer is the leading type of cancer worldwide with an incidence of approximately 2.1 million in 2018. Hormone receptor status plays a vital role in its management.

To determine the molecular expression pattern of biomarkers in breast cancer and their correlation with tumor variables.

This prospective study was designed to analyze expression patterns of estrogen receptor(ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor(HER2/neu) in breast cancer patients. The dataset has been taken from the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria from 1 January 2015 to 2 December 2019. The dataset had 259 records and 7 attributes. SPSS version 23.0 for statistical analysis was used. The data analyzed demographic and other clinicopathological characteristics as categorical variables. The mean and standard deviation were determined for the quantitative variable.

A total of 259 breast cancer cases were included in the study. The mean age was 48.3 ± 11.0, with an age range of 26-80 years and a median age of 46 years. The morphological categories were invasive ductal carcinoma 258 (99.6%) and invasive lobular carcinoma 1 (0.4%). ER, positivity increased in 73 patients (50%) under the age of 50 years, as well as PR positivity increased in 34 patients (23.6%) under the age of 50 years. HER/2neupositivity decreased in 8 patients (5.6%) under the age of 50 years. Hormonal receptors were statistically significant with clinicopathological characteristics (P < 0.05).

Our study showed that ER, PR and HER2/neuexpression had a strong correlation with age, tumor grade, tumor size and lymph node status. Hence, hormone receptor assessment is highly recommended because of its significance in clinical management and prognostication.

• Breast cancer
• Hormonal receptors
• Sokoto state
• Tertiary Health Institution
• Northwestern
• Nigeria

• Breast cancer
• HER2
• Triple-negative breast cancers

• Epidemiology
• Ethnicity
• Human development index
• Triple-negative breast cancer

• Retrospective observational study
• breast cancer
• immunohistochemistry
• molecular classification
• tertiary cancer centre

• Breast cancer
• Clinicopathological
• Comparison
• HER2
• Iraq
• Triple Negative

Heterogeneity of breast cancer, the most common cancer in women, complicates approach to its treatment. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in the treatment of locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) with the endpoint of achieving pathologic complete response (pCR) is not always successful. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics, biomarker status and response of LABCs to NAC.

Core biopsies and post-surgical specimens of LABC patients were evaluated after receiving NAC. Their lymph node involvement, tumor staging, grading, size, tumoral and stromal lymphocytic infiltration (TLI, SLI), hormonal status, ki67, p53 and HER2 expression were evaluated. Response to NAC was assessed using pCR, Miller-Payne grading and residual cancer burden.

In a total of 71 patients, pCR rate was 5.6%. Strong association was observed between ki67 positivity and p53 expression (P-value˂0.001). Also ki67, TLI and SLI showed association with triple negative tumor subtype (P-value 0.011, 0.002 and 0.014). Good response to NAC was associated with p53 expression. Nodal metastatic residue was also associated with primary tumor’s nuclear grade.

Strong correlation of ki67 and p53 can suggest probable interchangeability of both markers in the prognosis of LABC. In this study p53 even showed superiority to ki67 having association with good response. Strong association of ki67, TLI and SLI with triple negative tumor subtype can be parallel to an overall better response rate of this subtype. We can also propose the effectiveness of defining nuclear grade as a prognostic factor towards residual lymph node involvement post NAC.

• pathologic complete response
• stromal lymphocyte infiltration
• tumor proliferation marker
• tumoral lymphocytic infiltration

• Breast carcinoma
• molecular subtypes
• histological grade
• lymph node metastases

• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
• Breast Neoplasms/classification
• Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
• Breast Neoplasms/pathology
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Female
• Follow-Up Studies
• Humans
• Indonesia
• Lymphatic Metastasis
• Middle Aged
• Neoplasm Grading
• Neoplasm Invasiveness
• Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
• Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
• Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
• Young Adult

• Molecular subtypes
• breast carcinoma
• age
• tumor size

• Breast cancer subtype
• Eritrea and Africa
• Hormone receptor
• Immunohistochemistry
• Sudan

• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
• Black People
• Breast Neoplasms/classification
• Breast Neoplasms/ethnology
• Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
• Cohort Studies
• Eritrea
• Female
• Humans
• Middle Aged
• Neoplasm Staging
• Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
• Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
• Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
• Sudan
• Young Adult
• Black or African American

• Cancer control
• Cancer patterns
• Incidence
• Morocco
• Time trends