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Kwong A, Ho CYS, Au CH, Tey SK, Ma ESK. Germline RAD51C and RAD51D Mutations in High-Risk Chinese Breast and/or Ovarian Cancer Patients and Families. J Pers Med 2024; 14:866. [PMID: 39202057 PMCID: PMC11355318 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14080866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RAD51C and RAD51D are crucial in homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair. The prevalence of the RAD51C and RAD51D mutations in breast cancer varies across ethnic groups. Associations of RAD51C and RAD51D germline pathogenic variants (GPVs) with breast and ovarian cancer predisposition have been recently reported and are of interest. METHODS We performed multi-gene panel sequencing to study the prevalence of RAD51C and RAD51D germline mutations among 3728 patients with hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer (HBOC). RESULTS We identified 18 pathogenic RAD51C and RAD51D mutation carriers, with a mutation frequency of 0.13% (5/3728) and 0.35% (13/3728), respectively. The most common recurrent mutation was RAD51D c.270_271dupTA; p.(Lys91Ilefs*13), with a mutation frequency of 0.30% (11/3728), which was also commonly identified in Asians. Only four out of six cases (66.7%) of this common mutation tested positive for homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). CONCLUSIONS Taking the family studies in our registry and tumor molecular pathology together, we concluded that this relatively common RAD51D variant showed incomplete penetrance in our local Chinese community. Personalized genetic counseling emphasizing family history for families with this variant, as suggested at the UK Cancer Genetics Group (UKCGG) Consensus meeting, would also be appropriate in Chinese families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Kwong
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Cancer Genetics Centre, Breast Surgery Centre, Surgery Centre, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cecilia Yuen Sze Ho
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Hang Au
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sze Keong Tey
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Edmond Shiu Kwan Ma
- Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
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2
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Hartkopf AD, Fehm TN, Welslau M, Müller V, Schütz F, Fasching PA, Janni W, Witzel I, Thomssen C, Beierlein M, Belleville E, Untch M, Thill M, Tesch H, Ditsch N, Lux MP, Aktas B, Banys-Paluchowski M, Kolberg-Liedtke C, Wöckel A, Kolberg HC, Harbeck N, Stickeler E, Bartsch R, Schneeweiss A, Ettl J, Würstlein R, Krug D, Taran FA, Lüftner D. Update Breast Cancer 2023 Part 1 - Early Stage Breast Cancer. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2023; 83:653-663. [PMID: 37916183 PMCID: PMC10617391 DOI: 10.1055/a-2074-0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
With abemaciclib (monarchE study) and olaparib (OlympiA study) gaining approval in the adjuvant treatment setting, a significant change in the standard of care for patients with early stage breast cancer has been established for some time now. Accordingly, some diverse developments are slowly being transferred from the metastatic to the adjuvant treatment setting. Recently, there have also been positive reports of the NATALEE study. Other clinical studies are currently investigating substances that are already established in the metastatic setting. These include, for example, the DESTINY Breast05 study with trastuzumab deruxtecan and the SASCIA study with sacituzumab govitecan. In this review paper, we summarize and place in context the latest developments over the past months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas D. Hartkopf
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tanja N. Fehm
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Volkmar Müller
- Department of Gynecology, Hamburg-Eppendorf University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Schütz
- Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Diakonissen-Stiftungs-Krankenhaus Speyer, Speyer, Germany
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Erlangen University Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg,
Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Isabell Witzel
- Klinik für Gynäkologie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Thomssen
- Department of Gynaecology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Milena Beierlein
- Erlangen University Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg,
Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Untch
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Breast Cancer Center, Gynecologic Oncology Center, Helios Klinikum Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Thill
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hans Tesch
- Oncology Practice at Bethanien Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nina Ditsch
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Michael P. Lux
- Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Frauenklinik St. Louise, Paderborn, St. Josefs-Krankenhaus, Salzkotten, St. Vincenz Krankenhaus GmbH, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Bahriye Aktas
- Department of Gynecology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maggie Banys-Paluchowski
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Achim Wöckel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Nadia Harbeck
- Breast Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and CCC Munich LMU, LMU University Hospital, München, Germany
| | - Elmar Stickeler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf), University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rupert Bartsch
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Ettl
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Gynäkologie, Klinikum Kempten, Klinikverbund Allgäu, Kempten, Germany
| | - Rachel Würstlein
- Breast Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and CCC Munich LMU, LMU University Hospital, München, Germany
| | - David Krug
- Klinik für Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinkum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Florin-Andrei Taran
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Diana Lüftner
- Medical University of Brandenburg Theodor-Fontane, Immanuel Hospital Märkische Schweiz, Buckow, Germany
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3
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Arranz-Ledo M, Lastra E, Abella L, Ferreira R, Orozco M, Hernández L, Martínez N, Infante M, Durán M. Multigene germline testing usefulness instead of BRCA1/2 single screening in triple negative breast cancer cases. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 247:154514. [PMID: 37201465 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer is considered as the worst aggressive subtype with poor prognosis. Recent studies suggest a hereditary component is involved in TNBC development, especially in young patients. However, genetic spectrum remains unclear. Our purpose was to evaluate the usefulness of multigene panel testing in triple negative patients compared to overall breast cancer cases as well as contributing to elucidate which genes are most implicated in triple negative subtype development. Two breast cancer cohorts, comprising 100 triple negative breast cancer patients and 100 patients with other breast cancer subtypes, were analyzed by Next-Generation Sequencing using an On-Demand panel which included 35 predisposition cancer genes associated with inherited cancer susceptibility. The percentage of germline pathogenic variant carriers was higher in the triple negative cohort. ATM, PALB2, BRIP1 and TP53 were the most non-BRCA mutated genes. Moreover, triple negative breast cancer patients without family history related who were identified as carriers were diagnosed at significantly earlier age. As conclusion, our study reinforces the usefulness of multigene panel testing in breast cancer cases but specifically in those with triple negative subtype regardless family history.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arranz-Ledo
- Cancer Genetics Group. Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (UVa-CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, C/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - E Lastra
- Unit of Genetic Counselling in Cancer, Complejo Hospitalario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - L Abella
- Unit of Genetic Counselling in Cancer, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - R Ferreira
- Unit of Genetic Counselling in Cancer, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - M Orozco
- Unit of Genetic Counselling in Cancer, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - L Hernández
- Cancer Genetics Group. Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (UVa-CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, C/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - N Martínez
- Cancer Genetics Group. Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (UVa-CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, C/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - M Infante
- Cancer Genetics Group. Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (UVa-CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, C/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - M Durán
- Cancer Genetics Group. Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (UVa-CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, C/ Sanz y Forés 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain.
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4
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Imyanitov EN, Kuligina ES, Sokolenko AP, Suspitsin EN, Yanus GA, Iyevleva AG, Ivantsov AO, Aleksakhina SN. Hereditary cancer syndromes. World J Clin Oncol 2023; 14:40-68. [PMID: 36908677 PMCID: PMC9993141 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i2.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary cancer syndromes (HCSs) are arguably the most frequent category of Mendelian genetic diseases, as at least 2% of presumably healthy subjects carry highly-penetrant tumor-predisposing pathogenic variants (PVs). Hereditary breast-ovarian cancer and Lynch syndrome make the highest contribution to cancer morbidity; in addition, there are several dozen less frequent types of familial tumors. The development of the majority albeit not all hereditary malignancies involves two-hit mechanism, i.e. the somatic inactivation of the remaining copy of the affected gene. Earlier studies on cancer families suggested nearly fatal penetrance for the majority of HCS genes; however, population-based investigations and especially large-scale next-generation sequencing data sets demonstrate that the presence of some highly-penetrant PVs is often compatible with healthy status. Hereditary cancer research initially focused mainly on cancer detection and prevention. Recent studies identified multiple HCS-specific drug vulnerabilities, which translated into the development of highly efficient therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny N Imyanitov
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia
| | - Ekaterina S Kuligina
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia
| | - Anna P Sokolenko
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia
| | - Evgeny N Suspitsin
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia
| | - Grigoriy A Yanus
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia
| | - Aglaya G Iyevleva
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia
| | - Alexandr O Ivantsov
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia
| | - Svetlana N Aleksakhina
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia
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5
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Fehm TN, Welslau M, Müller V, Lüftner D, Schütz F, Fasching PA, Janni W, Thomssen C, Witzel I, Belleville E, Untch M, Thill M, Tesch H, Ditsch N, Lux MP, Aktas B, Banys-Paluchowski M, Schneeweiss A, Kolberg-Liedtke C, Hartkopf AD, Wöckel A, Kolberg HC, Harbeck N, Stickeler E. Update Breast Cancer 2022 Part 3 - Early-Stage Breast Cancer. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2022; 82:912-921. [PMID: 36110894 PMCID: PMC9470293 DOI: 10.1055/a-1912-7105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes recent developments in the prevention and treatment of patients with early-stage breast cancer. The individual disease risk for different molecular subtypes was investigated in a large epidemiological study. With regard to treatment, new data are available from long-term follow-up of the Aphinity study, as well as new data on neoadjuvant therapy with atezolizumab in HER2-positive patients. Biomarkers, such as residual cancer burden, were investigated in the context of pembrolizumab therapy. A Genomic Grade Index study in elderly patients is one of a group of studies investigating the use of modern multigene tests to identify patients with an excellent prognosis in whom chemotherapy may be avoided. These and other aspects of the latest developments in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja N. Fehm
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Volkmar Müller
- Department of Gynecology, Hamburg-Eppendorf University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diana Lüftner
- Immanuel Hospital Märkische Schweiz & Medical University of Brandenburg Theodor-Fontane, Brandenburg, Buckow, Germany
| | - Florian Schütz
- Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Diakonissen-Stiftungs-Krankenhaus Speyer, Speyer, Germany
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Erlangen University Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen,
Germany,Correspondence/Korrespondenzadresse Peter A. Fasching, MD Erlangen University Hospital, Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsComprehensive Cancer
Center Erlangen EMNFriedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-NurembergUniversitätsstraße 21 – 2391054
ErlangenGermany
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Thomssen
- Department of Gynaecology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Isabell Witzel
- Department of Gynecology, Hamburg-Eppendorf University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Michael Untch
- Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Breast Cancer Center, Gynecologic Oncology Center, Helios Klinikum Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Thill
- Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus, Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hans Tesch
- Oncology Practice at Bethanien Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nina Ditsch
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Michael P. Lux
- Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Frauenklinik St. Louise, Paderborn, St. Josefs-Krankenhaus, Salzkotten, St. Vincenz Krankenhaus GmbH, Germany
| | - Bahriye Aktas
- Department of Gynecology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maggie Banys-Paluchowski
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas D. Hartkopf
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Achim Wöckel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Nadia Harbeck
- Breast Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and CCC Munich LMU, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Elmar Stickeler
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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6
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Germani A, Petrucci S, De Marchis L, Libi F, Savio C, Amanti C, Bonifacino A, Campanella B, Capalbo C, Lombardi A, Maggi S, Mattei M, Osti MF, Pellegrini P, Speranza A, Stanzani G, Vitale V, Pizzuti A, Torrisi MR, Piane M. Beyond BRCA1 and BRCA2: Deleterious Variants in DNA Repair Pathway Genes in Italian Families with Breast/Ovarian and Pancreatic Cancers. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9093003. [PMID: 32957588 PMCID: PMC7563793 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9093003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5–10% of breast/ovarian cancers (BC and OC) are inherited, and germline pathogenic (P) variants in DNA damage repair (DDR) genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 explain only 10–20% of these cases. Currently, new DDR genes have been related to BC/OC and to pancreatic (PC) cancers, but the prevalence of P variants remains to be explored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the spectrum and the prevalence of pathogenic variants in DDR pathway genes other than BRCA1/2 and to correlate the genotype with the clinical phenotype. A cohort of 113 non-BRCA patients was analyzed by next-generation sequencing using a multigene panel of the 25 DDR pathways genes related to BC, OC, and PC. We found 43 unique variants in 18 of 25 analyzed genes, 14 classified as P/likely pathogenic (LP) and 28 as variants of uncertain significance (VUS). Deleterious variants were identified in 14% of index cases, whereas a VUS was identified in 20% of the probands. We observed a high incidence of deleterious variants in the CHEK2 gene, and a new pathogenic variant was detected in the RECQL gene. These results supported the clinical utility of multigene panel to increase the detection of P/LP carriers and to identify new actionable pathogenic gene variants useful for preventive and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Germani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (M.R.T.)
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Simona Petrucci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (M.R.T.)
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Laura De Marchis
- Department of Radiological Anatomopathological, Oncological Science, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy;
- Umberto I University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Libi
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Camilla Savio
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Claudio Amanti
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Adriana Bonifacino
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Campanella
- Unit of Radiation Oncology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlo Capalbo
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Roma, Italy
| | - Augusto Lombardi
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Maggi
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Mattei
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Mattia Falchetto Osti
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
- Unit of Radiation Oncology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Pellegrini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (M.R.T.)
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Annarita Speranza
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Gianluca Stanzani
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Valeria Vitale
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Antonio Pizzuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy;
- Clinical Genomics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Torrisi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (M.R.T.)
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Maria Piane
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (M.R.T.)
- Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (C.S.); (C.A.); (A.B.); (C.C.); (A.L.); (S.M.); (M.M.); (M.F.O.); (A.S.); (G.S.); (V.V.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Gupta GK, Collier AL, Lee D, Hoefer RA, Zheleva V, Siewertsz van Reesema LL, Tang-Tan AM, Guye ML, Chang DZ, Winston JS, Samli B, Jansen RJ, Petricoin EF, Goetz MP, Bear HD, Tang AH. Perspectives on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Current Treatment Strategies, Unmet Needs, and Potential Targets for Future Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2392. [PMID: 32846967 PMCID: PMC7565566 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), characterized by the absence or low expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2), is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer. TNBC accounts for about 15% of breast cancer cases in the U.S., and is known for high relapse rates and poor overall survival (OS). Chemo-resistant TNBC is a genetically diverse, highly heterogeneous, and rapidly evolving disease that challenges our ability to individualize treatment for incomplete responders and relapsed patients. Currently, the frontline standard chemotherapy, composed of anthracyclines, alkylating agents, and taxanes, is commonly used to treat high-risk and locally advanced TNBC. Several FDA-approved drugs that target programmed cell death protein-1 (Keytruda) and programmed death ligand-1 (Tecentriq), poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), and/or antibody drug conjugates (Trodelvy) have shown promise in improving clinical outcomes for a subset of TNBC. These inhibitors that target key genetic mutations and specific molecular signaling pathways that drive malignant tumor growth have been used as single agents and/or in combination with standard chemotherapy regimens. Here, we review the current TNBC treatment options, unmet clinical needs, and actionable drug targets, including epidermal growth factor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and protein kinase B (PKB or AKT) activation in TNBC. Supported by strong evidence in developmental, evolutionary, and cancer biology, we propose that the K-RAS/SIAH pathway activation is a major tumor driver, and SIAH is a new drug target, a therapy-responsive prognostic biomarker, and a major tumor vulnerability in TNBC. Since persistent K-RAS/SIAH/EGFR pathway activation endows TNBC tumor cells with chemo-resistance, aggressive dissemination, and early relapse, we hope to design an anti-SIAH-centered anti-K-RAS/EGFR targeted therapy as a novel therapeutic strategy to control and eradicate incurable TNBC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagan K. Gupta
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501, USA;
| | - Amber L. Collier
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33131, USA;
| | - Dasom Lee
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;
| | - Richard A. Hoefer
- Dorothy G. Hoefer Foundation, Sentara CarePlex Hospital, Newport News, VA 23666, USA;
- Sentara Cancer Network, Sentara Healthcare, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA;
| | - Vasilena Zheleva
- Surgical Oncology, Cancer Treatment Centers of America—Comprehensive Care and Research Center Phoenix, 14200 W Celebrate Life Way, Goodyear, AZ 85338, USA;
| | | | - Angela M. Tang-Tan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Mary L. Guye
- Sentara Cancer Network, Sentara Healthcare, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA;
- Sentara Surgery Specialists, Sentara CarePlex Hospital, Newport News, VA 23666, USA
| | - David Z. Chang
- Virginia Oncology Associates, 1051 Loftis Boulevard, Suite 100, Newport News, VA 23606, USA;
| | - Janet S. Winston
- Breast Pathology Services, Pathology Sciences Medical Group, Department of Pathology, Sentara Norfolk General Hospital (SNGH), Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (J.S.W.); (B.S.)
| | - Billur Samli
- Breast Pathology Services, Pathology Sciences Medical Group, Department of Pathology, Sentara Norfolk General Hospital (SNGH), Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (J.S.W.); (B.S.)
| | - Rick J. Jansen
- Department of Public Health, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA;
| | - Emanuel F. Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA;
| | - Matthew P. Goetz
- Departments of Oncology and Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic Breast Cancer Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE), Women’s Cancer Program, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Harry D. Bear
- Departments of Surgery and Microbiology & Immunology, Division of Surgical Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Amy H. Tang
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501, USA;
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8
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Vasileiou G, Costa MJ, Long C, Wetzler IR, Hoyer J, Kraus C, Popp B, Emons J, Wunderle M, Wenkel E, Uder M, Beckmann MW, Jud SM, Fasching PA, Cavallaro A, Reis A, Hammon M. Breast MRI texture analysis for prediction of BRCA-associated genetic risk. BMC Med Imaging 2020; 20:86. [PMID: 32727387 PMCID: PMC7388478 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-020-00483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background BRCA1/2 deleterious variants account for most of the hereditary breast and ovarian cancer cases. Prediction models and guidelines for the assessment of genetic risk rely heavily on criteria with high variability such as family cancer history. Here we investigated the efficacy of MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) texture features as a predictor for BRCA mutation status. Methods A total of 41 female breast cancer individuals at high genetic risk, sixteen with a BRCA1/2 pathogenic variant and twenty five controls were included. From each MRI 4225 computer-extracted voxels were analyzed. Non-imaging features including clinical, family cancer history variables and triple negative receptor status (TNBC) were complementarily used. Lasso-principal component regression (L-PCR) analysis was implemented to compare the predictive performance, assessed as area under the curve (AUC), when imaging features were used, and lasso logistic regression or conventional logistic regression for the remaining analyses. Results Lasso-selected imaging principal components showed the highest predictive value (AUC 0.86), surpassing family cancer history. Clinical variables comprising age at disease onset and bilateral breast cancer yielded a relatively poor AUC (~ 0.56). Combination of imaging with the non-imaging variables led to an improvement of predictive performance in all analyses, with TNBC along with the imaging components yielding the highest AUC (0.94). Replacing family history variables with imaging components yielded an improvement of classification performance of ~ 4%, suggesting that imaging compensates the predictive information arising from family cancer structure. Conclusions The L-PCR model uncovered evidence for the utility of MRI texture features in distinguishing between BRCA1/2 positive and negative high-risk breast cancer individuals, which may suggest value to diagnostic routine. Integration of computer-extracted texture analysis from MRI modalities in prediction models and inclusion criteria might play a role in reducing false positives or missed cases especially when established risk variables such as family history are missing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Vasileiou
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Maria J Costa
- Siemens Healthcare, Imaging Analytics Germany, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christopher Long
- Siemens Healthcare, Imaging Analytics Germany, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iris R Wetzler
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juliane Hoyer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Kraus
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernt Popp
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julius Emons
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marius Wunderle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Evelyn Wenkel
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Jud
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Cavallaro
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Hammon
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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9
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Arnould L, Penault-Llorca F, Dohollou N, Caron O, Levy C. [Breast cancer in young women. Histological and prognostic specificities: how are they different from older women?]. Bull Cancer 2020; 106:S10-S18. [PMID: 32008732 DOI: 10.1016/s0007-4551(20)30042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Early-onset of breast cancer (under the age of 40) represents only 7% of all breast cancers, but is the most common cancer in this age group in women. It is also known to be of worse prognosis, with a more aggressive tumoral behavior. The interaction of different prognostic factors contributes to the complexity of this population: tumor burden and biological features (using classical histopronostic features and genomic data) show differences from older women. Nevertheless, the prognostic impact of age varies according to the histological subtypes and seems pejorative mainly for the luminal subtype, probably with a crucial role of the hormonal environment and the treatments targeting the endocrine sensitivity of these tumors. In other subtypes, the influence of young age appears to be less significant, especially in HER2+ breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Arnould
- Département de biologie et de pathologie des tumeurs, Centre Georges-François-Leclerc, 21000 Dijon
| | | | - Nadine Dohollou
- Oncologie médicale, Polyclinique Bordeaux Nord Aquitaine, 33300 Bordeaux
| | - Olivier Caron
- Oncologie génétique, Institut Gustave-Roussy, 94800 Villejuif
| | - Christelle Levy
- Institut Normand du Sein, Centre François Baclesse, 14000 Caen.
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10
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Janni W, Schneeweiss A, Müller V, Wöckel A, Lux MP, Hartkopf AD, Nabieva N, Taran FA, Tesch H, Overkamp F, Lüftner D, Belleville E, Schütz F, Fasching PA, Fehm TN, Kolberg HC, Ettl J. Update Breast Cancer 2019 Part 2 - Implementation of Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics in Advanced Breast Cancer Patients in Clinical Practice. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2019; 79:268-280. [PMID: 30880825 PMCID: PMC6414305 DOI: 10.1055/a-0842-6661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer has developed further in recent years. In addition to therapeutic progress in the established subgroups (hormone receptor and HER2 status), there are now therapies which are geared to individual molecular characteristics, such as PARP inhibitor therapy in BRCA-mutated patients. In addition to this, tests are being developed which are intended to establish additional markers within subgroups in order to predict the efficacy of a therapy. PI3K mutation testing in HER2-negative, hormone-receptor-positive tumours and PD-L1 testing of immune cells in triple-negative tumours are expected to become established in clinical practice in order to select patients for the respective therapies. With new therapeutic approaches, new adverse effects also appear. The management of these adverse effects, just as those of classical therapy (supportive therapy), is essential with the introduction of new treatments in order to preserve patients' quality of life. Knowledge regarding measures to preserve and improve quality of life has significantly increased in recent years. Lifestyle factors should be taken into account, as should modern therapeutic methods. This review summarises the latest studies and publications and evaluates them in regard to the relevance for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Janni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Division Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volkmar Müller
- Department of Gynecology, Hamburg-Eppendorf University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Achim Wöckel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael P Lux
- Erlangen University Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas D Hartkopf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Naiba Nabieva
- Erlangen University Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florin-Andrei Taran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans Tesch
- Oncology Practice at Bethanien Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Diana Lüftner
- Charité University Hospital, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumour Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Florian Schütz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Erlangen University Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tanja N Fehm
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Ettl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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11
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Hartkopf AD, Müller V, Wöckel A, Lux MP, Janni W, Nabieva N, Taran FA, Ettl J, Lüftner D, Belleville E, Schütz F, Fasching PA, Fehm TN, Kolberg HC, Overkamp F, Schneeweiss A, Tesch H. Update Breast Cancer 2019 Part 1 - Implementation of Study Results of Novel Study Designs in Clinical Practice in Patients with Early Breast Cancer. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2019; 79:256-267. [PMID: 30880824 PMCID: PMC6414304 DOI: 10.1055/a-0842-6614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For many years, small but significant advancements have been made time and again in the prevention and treatment of early breast cancer. The so-called panel gene analyses are becoming more and more important in prevention, since the risk due to the tested genes is better understood and as a result, concepts for integration in health care can be developed. In the adjuvant situation, the first study in the so-called post-neoadjuvant situation was able to demonstrate a clear improvement in the prognosis with an absent pathological complete remission following trastuzumab or pertuzumab + trastuzumab. Additional studies with this post-neoadjuvant therapeutic concept are still being conducted at present. The CDK4/6 inhibitors which had shown a significant improvement in progression-free survival in a metastatic situation are currently being tested in the adjuvant situation in large therapeutic studies. These and other new data for the treatment or prevention of primary breast cancer are presented in this review against the backdrop of current studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas D. Hartkopf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Volkmar Müller
- Department of Gynecology, Hamburg-Eppendorf University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Achim Wöckel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael P. Lux
- Erlangen University Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Naiba Nabieva
- Erlangen University Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florin-Andrei Taran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Ettl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Diana Lüftner
- Charité University Hospital, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumour Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Florian Schütz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Erlangen University Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tanja N. Fehm
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Division Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Tesch
- Oncology Practice at Bethanien Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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