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Huls SPI, de Bekker-Grob EW. Can healthcare choice be predicted using stated preference data? The role of model complexity in a discrete choice experiment about colorectal cancer screening. Soc Sci Med 2022; 315:115530. [PMID: 36434890 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The validity of discrete choice experiments (DCEs) is crucial to its usage in healthcare decision-making, but there is only a limited number of health contexts in which external validity is demonstrated. This study aims to assess the internal and external validity of the DCE in the context of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, and gather insights into the discrepancy between stated and revealed preferences. METHODS Stated and revealed preferences were elicited on an individual level from Dutch residents eligible for CRC screening in a DCE and a field experiment, respectively (N = 568). To identify the determinants of CRC screening participation and their relative importance, five random utility maximisation models that varied in complexity were used. We assessed the accuracy with which the models based on stated preferences predict individual-level screening choice in a holdout task (internal validity) and in the actual screening choice (external validity). Insights into the discrepancy between stated and revealed preferences were gathered by comparing groups of respondents. RESULTS Our findings show high internal and external validity. Choices could be accurately predicted for 95% of the respondents in the holdout task, and 90% in the actual screening choice. When scale and preference heterogeneity were taken into account model fit improved; individual-level prediction accuracy slightly increased for the holdout task but not for the actual screening choice. Respondents for whom stated preferences matched revealed preferences were generally in better health and found the GP's support for their screening decision more important. DISCUSSION Evidence was found that revealed preferences can be predicted accurately on an individual level. Incorporating heterogeneity improved internal validity but not external validity. Differences between stated and revealed preferences can be attributed to respondents' health and the support of their GP. We suggest researchers to continue investigating the internal and external validity of discrete choice experiments, and the role of model complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samare P I Huls
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Erasmus Choice Modelling Centre, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Esther W de Bekker-Grob
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Erasmus Choice Modelling Centre, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Collacott H, Soekhai V, Thomas C, Brooks A, Brookes E, Lo R, Mulnick S, Heidenreich S. A Systematic Review of Discrete Choice Experiments in Oncology Treatments. THE PATIENT 2021; 14:775-790. [PMID: 33950476 DOI: 10.1007/s40271-021-00520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the number and type of cancer treatments available rises and patients live with the consequences of their disease and treatments for longer, understanding preferences for cancer care can help inform decisions about optimal treatment development, access, and care provision. Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) are commonly used as a tool to elicit stakeholder preferences; however, their implementation in oncology may be challenging if burdensome trade-offs (e.g. length of life versus quality of life) are involved and/or target populations are small. OBJECTIVES The aim of this review was to characterise DCEs relating to cancer treatments that were conducted between 1990 and March 2020. DATA SOURCES EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for relevant studies. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies were included if they implemented a DCE and reported outcomes of interest (i.e. quantitative outputs on participants' preferences for cancer treatments), but were excluded if they were not focused on pharmacological, radiological or surgical treatments (e.g. cancer screening or counselling services), were non-English, or were a secondary analysis of an included study. ANALYSIS METHODS Analysis followed a narrative synthesis, and quantitative data were summarised using descriptive statistics, including rankings of attribute importance. RESULT Seventy-nine studies were included in the review. The number of published DCEs relating to oncology grew over the review period. Studies were conducted in a range of indications (n = 19), most commonly breast (n =10, 13%) and prostate (n = 9, 11%) cancer, and most studies elicited preferences of patients (n = 59, 75%). Across reviewed studies, survival attributes were commonly ranked as most important, with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) ranked most important in 58% and 28% of models, respectively. Preferences varied between stakeholder groups, with patients and clinicians placing greater importance on survival outcomes, and general population samples valuing health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Despite the emphasis of guidelines on the importance of using qualitative research to inform attribute selection and DCE designs, reporting on instrument development was mixed. LIMITATIONS No formal assessment of bias was conducted, with the scope of the paper instead providing a descriptive characterisation. The review only included DCEs relating to cancer treatments, and no insight is provided into other health technologies such as cancer screening. Only DCEs were included. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Although there was variation in attribute importance between responder types, survival attributes were consistently ranked as important by both patients and clinicians. Observed challenges included the risk of attribute dominance for survival outcomes, limited sample sizes in some indications, and a lack of reporting about instrument development processes. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020184232.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Collacott
- Evidera, The Ark, 2nd Floor, 201 Talgarth Road, London, W6 8BJ, UK.
| | - Vikas Soekhai
- Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caitlin Thomas
- Evidera, The Ark, 2nd Floor, 201 Talgarth Road, London, W6 8BJ, UK
| | - Anne Brooks
- Evidera, 7101 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 1400, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Ella Brookes
- Evidera, The Ark, 2nd Floor, 201 Talgarth Road, London, W6 8BJ, UK
| | - Rachel Lo
- Evidera, The Ark, 2nd Floor, 201 Talgarth Road, London, W6 8BJ, UK
| | - Sarah Mulnick
- Evidera, 7101 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 1400, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
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Rosa WE, Riegel B, Ulrich CM, Chittams J, Quinn R, Meghani SH. The Association Between Analgesic Treatment Beliefs and Electronically Monitored Adherence for Cancer Pain. Oncol Nurs Forum 2021; 48:45-58. [PMID: 33337438 DOI: 10.1188/21.onf.45-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether clusters based on analgesic treatment beliefs among patients with cancer predict objective analgesic adherence. SAMPLE & SETTING 207 patients with cancer in the outpatient setting who were aged 18 years or older, self-identified as White or African American, were diagnosed with solid tumor or multiple myeloma, and were prescribed at least one around-the-clock analgesic prescription for reported cancer pain. METHODS & VARIABLES This study is a secondary analysis of an existing dataset. General linear modeling with a backward elimination approach was applied to determine whether previously identified analgesic treatment belief clusters, as well as sociodemographic, clinical, and pain variables, were associated with adherence behaviors. RESULTS Significant explanatory factors were experiential in nature and included sociodemographic, clinical, and pain-related variables, explaining 21% of the variance in analgesic adherence. Analgesic belief clusters were not predictive of adherence. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Future research should examine sociodemographic and other clinical factors, as well as the influence of analgesic treatment beliefs, to better understand adherence behaviors among patients with cancer.
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Pappas P, Gunnarsson C, David G. Evaluating patient preferences for thermal ablation versus nonthermal, nontumescent varicose vein treatments. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2020; 9:383-392. [PMID: 32791306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure patient preferences for attributes associated with thermal ablation and nonthermal, nontumescent varicose vein treatments. METHODS Data were collected from an electronic patient preference survey taken by 70 adult participants (aged 20 years or older) at three Center for Vein Restoration clinics in New Jersey from July 19, 2019, through August 13, 2019. Survey participation was voluntary and anonymous (participation rate of 80.5% [70/87]). Patients were shown 10 consecutive screens that displayed three hypothetical treatment scenarios with different combinations of six attributes of interest and a none option. Choice-based conjoint analysis estimated the relative importance of different aspects of care, trade-offs between these aspects, and total satisfaction that respondents derived from different healthcare procedures. Market simulation analysis compared clusters of attributes mimicking thermal ablation and nonthermal, nontumescent treatments. RESULTS Of the six attributes studied, out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures were the most important to patients (37.2%), followed by postoperative discomfort (17.1%), risk of adverse events (16.3%), time to return to normal activity (11.0%), number of injections (10.0%), and number of visits (8.4%). Patients were willing to pay the most to avoid postoperative discomfort ($68.9) and risk of adverse events ($65.8). The market simulation analysis found that, regardless of the level of OOP spending, 60% to 80% of respondents favored attribute combinations corresponding with nonthermal, nontumescent procedures over thermal ablation, and that less than 1% of participants would forgo either treatment under no cost sharing. CONCLUSIONS Patients are highly sensitive to OOP costs for minimally invasive varicose vein treatments. Market simulation analysis favored nonthermal, nontumescent procedures over thermal ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guy David
- University of Pennsylvania Wharton School, Philadelphia, Pa
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Rosa WE, Chittams J, Riegel B, Ulrich CM, Meghani SH. Patient Trade-Offs Related to Analgesic Use for Cancer Pain: A MaxDiff Analysis Study. Pain Manag Nurs 2020; 21:245-254. [PMID: 31648906 PMCID: PMC7170763 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many patients with cancer pain deviate from prescribed analgesic regimens. Our aim was to elicit the trade-offs patients make based on their beliefs about analgesic use and rank utilities (importance scores) using maximum difference (MaxDiff) scaling. We also investigated if there were unique clusters of patients based on their analgesic beliefs. METHODS This was a secondary analysis of a three-month, prospective observational study. Patients (N = 207) were self-identified African Americans and Whites, >18 years, diagnosed with multiple myeloma or solid tumor, and were prescribed at least one around-the-clock analgesic for cancer pain. MaxDiff analysis allowed us to identify patients utilities. Second, a cluster analysis assisted in ranking how analgesic beliefs differed by groups. Third, clusters were described by comparing key sociodemographic and clinical variables. RESULTS Participants' beliefs were a significant factor in choices related to analgesic use (chi-square = 498.145, p < .0001). The belief, 'Pain meds keep you from knowing what is going on in your body', had the highest patient endorsement. Two distinct clusters of patients based on analgesic beliefs were identified; 'knowing body' was ranked as top priority for both clusters. The belief that cancer patients become addicted to analgesics was moderately important for both clusters. Severity of side effects was the only key variable significantly different between clusters (p = .043). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support tailored pain management interventions that attend to individual beliefs about cancer pain and analgesic use. Future research should explore the relationship between analgesic utilities, actual analgesic taking behaviors, and how they impact patients' cancer pain outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Rosa
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Jesse Chittams
- BECCA Lab, Office of Nursing Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Barbara Riegel
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Connie M Ulrich
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Salimah H Meghani
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Meghani SH, Wool J, Davis J, Yeager KA, Mao JJ, Barg FK. When Patients Take Charge of Opioids: Self-Management Concerns and Practices Among Cancer Outpatients in the Context of Opioid Crisis. J Pain Symptom Manage 2020; 59:618-625. [PMID: 31711967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2019.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT With concerns about opioid prescribing practices prominent in the professional and lay literature, there is less focus on patients' self-management of opioids for cancer pain and potential safety risks. OBJECTIVES To investigate reports of opioid self-management practices and concerns among patients undergoing active cancer treatments-a group excluded from the scope of most policy initiatives on prescription opioids. METHODS This sequential multimethod study used freelisting (n = 65) and open-ended semistructured interviews with a racially diverse subgroup (n = 32). Adult ambulatory patients with solid malignancies or multiple myeloma and pain (≥4 on a scale of 0-10) were recruited from an urban National Cancer Institute-designated cancer center in Philadelphia. Freelists were analyzed using consensus analysis and semistructured interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS In freelisting, "pain relief" emerged as the primary term in relation to taking pain medications preceding "addiction" concerns. In interviews, patients described several heuristics and some potentially unsafe practices to minimize opioid use to a self-defined "normal." These included reducing opioid dose by cutting pills; self-tapering off opioids; using extended-release/long-acting opioids on an as-needed basis; mixing over-the-counter, nonopioid analgesics; and using illicit drugs to avoid "harder medicines" (opioids). Many patients preferred nonopioid treatments for pain but invariably faced access barriers. Some described assuming stewardship of their prescribed opioids and felt that oncology clinicians are quick to prescribe opioids without providing workable alternatives. CONCLUSIONS Risks related to self-management of opioids among cancer outpatients, including potential overdose risks, need urgent attention. Interventions are needed for improving clinician-patient communication, patient education, safety, and access to effective nonopioid alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salimah H Meghani
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, NewCourtland Center for Transitions and Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Jesse Wool
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, NewCourtland Center for Transitions and Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jessica Davis
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katherine A Yeager
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jun J Mao
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Frances K Barg
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Family and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Rosa WE, Riegel B, Ulrich CM, Meghani SH. A concept analysis of analgesic nonadherence for cancer pain in a time of opioid crisis. Nurs Outlook 2020; 68:83-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ludwick A, Corey K, Meghani S. Racial and Socioeconomic Factors Associated with the Use of Complementary and Alternative Modalities for Pain in Cancer Outpatients: An Integrative Review. Pain Manag Nurs 2020; 21:142-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Meghani SH, Rosa WE, Chittams J, Vallerand AH, Bao T, Mao JJ. Both Race and Insurance Type Independently Predict the Selection of Oral Opioids Prescribed to Cancer Outpatients. Pain Manag Nurs 2019; 21:65-71. [PMID: 31501079 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research suggests that racial disparities in patients' reported analgesic adverse effects are partially mediated by the type of opioid prescribed to African Americans despite the presence of certain comorbidities, such as renal disease. AIMS We aimed to identify independent predictors of the type of opioid prescribed to cancer outpatients and determine if race and chronic kidney disease independently predict prescription type, adjusting for relevant sociodemographic and clinical confounders. DESIGN We conducted a secondary analysis of a 3-month observational study. SETTING Outpatient oncology clinics of an academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS/SUBJECTS Patients were older than 18 years of age, self-identified as African American or White, and had an analgesic prescription for cancer pain. METHODS Cancer patients (N = 241) were recruited from outpatient oncology clinics within a large mid-Atlantic healthcare system. RESULTS Consistent with published literature, most patients (75.5%) were prescribed either morphine or oxycodone preparations as oral opioid therapy for cancer pain. When compared with Whites, African Americans were significantly more likely to be prescribed morphine (33% vs 14%) and less likely to be prescribed oxycodone (38% vs 64%) (p < .001). The estimated odds for African Americans to receive morphine were 2.573 times that for Whites (95% confidence interval 1.077-6.134) after controlling for insurance type, income, and pain levels. In addition, the presence of private health insurance was negatively associated with the prescription of morphine and positively associated with prescription of oxycodone in separate multivariable models. The presence of chronic kidney disease did not predict type of analgesic prescribed. CONCLUSIONS Both race and insurance type independently predict type of opioid selection for cancer outpatients. Larger clinical studies are needed to fully understand the sources and clinical consequences of racial differences in opioid selection for cancer pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salimah H Meghani
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; NewCourtland Center for Transitions and Health, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - William E Rosa
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jesse Chittams
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Ting Bao
- Bendheim Integrative Medicine Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jun J Mao
- Bendheim Integrative Medicine Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Smith N, Hunter K, Rajabali S, Fainsinger R, Wagg A. Preferences for Continence Care Experienced at End of Life: A Qualitative Study. J Pain Symptom Manage 2019; 57:1099-1105.e3. [PMID: 30825511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Functional dependence at end of life often leaves individuals requiring help for personal care, including maintaining continence. Current continence guidelines offer little direction for end of life continence care, and little is known of the perspectives of people receiving palliative care. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to examine the continence care preferences of people receiving palliative care to understand what approaches to care and what goals of care are important to them. METHODS This is a qualitative descriptive exploratory study with data gathered in individual interviews using a semi-structured interview guide. Participants were receiving bladder and/or bowel care on either tertiary or hospice palliative care units. RESULTS Fourteen Canadian patients (seven female, seven male), six from tertiary and eight from hospice palliative care units, were recruited. From the analysis, three themes were identified: loss of control, finding a way to manage, and caregivers can help and can hinder. Dignity was often lost as a result of having to receive continence care, with most participants following staff recommendations for management approaches as the easiest way. Patients did not recall being asked about their bladder and bowel preferences. CONCLUSIONS As patients approached end of life they were willing to give up dignity if it was required to address symptoms causing them more distress, like pain. Health care professionals and family have an important role in social interactions around continence care. Health care professionals should incorporate patient preferences as best they can and explain the options when treating incontinence at end of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Smith
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Kathleen Hunter
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Saima Rajabali
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robin Fainsinger
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adrian Wagg
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Accounting for Scale Heterogeneity in Healthcare-Related Discrete Choice Experiments when Comparing Stated Preferences: A Systematic Review. PATIENT-PATIENT CENTERED OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2019; 11:475-488. [PMID: 29492903 DOI: 10.1007/s40271-018-0304-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scale heterogeneity, or differences in the error variance of choices, may account for a significant amount of the observed variation in the results of discrete choice experiments (DCEs) when comparing preferences between different groups of respondents. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify if, and how, scale heterogeneity has been addressed in healthcare DCEs that compare the preferences of different groups. METHODS A systematic review identified all healthcare DCEs published between 1990 and February 2016. The full-text of each DCE was then screened to identify studies that compared preferences using data generated from multiple groups. Data were extracted and tabulated on year of publication, samples compared, tests for scale heterogeneity, and analytical methods to account for scale heterogeneity. Narrative analysis was used to describe if, and how, scale heterogeneity was accounted for when preferences were compared. RESULTS A total of 626 healthcare DCEs were identified. Of these 199 (32%) aimed to compare the preferences of different groups specified at the design stage, while 79 (13%) compared the preferences of groups identified at the analysis stage. Of the 278 included papers, 49 (18%) discussed potential scale issues, 18 (7%) used a formal method of analysis to account for scale between groups, and 2 (1%) accounted for scale differences between preference groups at the analysis stage. Scale heterogeneity was present in 65% (n = 13) of studies that tested for it. Analytical methods to test for scale heterogeneity included coefficient plots (n = 5, 2%), heteroscedastic conditional logit models (n = 6, 2%), Swait and Louviere tests (n = 4, 1%), generalised multinomial logit models (n = 5, 2%), and scale-adjusted latent class analysis (n = 2, 1%). CONCLUSIONS Scale heterogeneity is a prevalent issue in healthcare DCEs. Despite this, few published DCEs have discussed such issues, and fewer still have used formal methods to identify and account for the impact of scale heterogeneity. The use of formal methods to test for scale heterogeneity should be used, otherwise the results of DCEs potentially risk producing biased and potentially misleading conclusions regarding preferences for aspects of healthcare.
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Soekhai V, de Bekker-Grob EW, Ellis AR, Vass CM. Discrete Choice Experiments in Health Economics: Past, Present and Future. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2019; 37:201-226. [PMID: 30392040 PMCID: PMC6386055 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-018-0734-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 464] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) are increasingly advocated as a way to quantify preferences for health. However, increasing support does not necessarily result in increasing quality. Although specific reviews have been conducted in certain contexts, there exists no recent description of the general state of the science of health-related DCEs. The aim of this paper was to update prior reviews (1990-2012), to identify all health-related DCEs and to provide a description of trends, current practice and future challenges. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted to identify health-related empirical DCEs published between 2013 and 2017. The search strategy and data extraction replicated prior reviews to allow the reporting of trends, although additional extraction fields were incorporated. RESULTS Of the 7877 abstracts generated, 301 studies met the inclusion criteria and underwent data extraction. In general, the total number of DCEs per year continued to increase, with broader areas of application and increased geographic scope. Studies reported using more sophisticated designs (e.g. D-efficient) with associated software (e.g. Ngene). The trend towards using more sophisticated econometric models also continued. However, many studies presented sophisticated methods with insufficient detail. Qualitative research methods continued to be a popular approach for identifying attributes and levels. CONCLUSIONS The use of empirical DCEs in health economics continues to grow. However, inadequate reporting of methodological details inhibits quality assessment. This may reduce decision-makers' confidence in results and their ability to act on the findings. How and when to integrate health-related DCE outcomes into decision-making remains an important area for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Soekhai
- Section of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Erasmus Choice Modelling Centre (ECMC), Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management (ESHPM), Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR), P.O. Box 1738, Rotterdam, 3000 DR The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA The Netherlands
| | - Esther W. de Bekker-Grob
- Section of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Erasmus Choice Modelling Centre (ECMC), Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management (ESHPM), Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR), P.O. Box 1738, Rotterdam, 3000 DR The Netherlands
| | - Alan R. Ellis
- Department of Social Work, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Caroline M. Vass
- Manchester Centre for Health Economics, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Mooney-Doyle K, Deatrick JA, Ulrich CM, Meghani SH, Feudtner C. Parenting in Childhood Life-Threatening Illness: A Mixed-Methods Study. J Palliat Med 2017; 21:208-215. [PMID: 28972873 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2017.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parenting children with life-threatening illness (LTI) and their healthy siblings requires parents to consider their various needs. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS We conducted a concurrent, cross-sectional mixed-methods study to describe challenges parents face prioritizing tasks and goals for each child with qualitative data, compare parents' tasks and goals for children with LTI and healthy siblings with quantitative data, and describe parenting in terms of the process of prioritizing tasks and goals for all children in the family. RESULTS Participants included 31 parents of children with LTI who have healthy siblings and were admitted to a children's hospital. Qualitative interviews revealed how parents managed children's needs and their perceptions of the toll it takes. Quantitative data revealed that parents prioritized "making sure my child feels loved" highest for ill and healthy children. Other goals for healthy siblings focused on maintaining emotional connection and regularity within the family and for ill children focused on illness management. Mixed-methods analysis revealed that parents engaged in a process decision making and traded-off competing demands by considering needs which ultimately transformed the meaning of parenting. DISCUSSION Future research can further examine trade-offs and associated effects, how to support parent problem-solving and decision-making around trade-offs, and how to best offer social services alongside illness-directed care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Mooney-Doyle
- 1 Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Maryland , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Janet A Deatrick
- 2 Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Connie M Ulrich
- 3 Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, Center for Medical Ethics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Salimah H Meghani
- 4 Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chris Feudtner
- 5 Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Advanced Care Team, Department of Medical Ethics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Meads DM, O’Dwyer JL, Hulme CT, Chintakayala P, Vinall-Collier K, Bennett MI. Patient Preferences for Pain Management in Advanced Cancer: Results from a Discrete Choice Experiment. PATIENT-PATIENT CENTERED OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2017; 10:643-651. [DOI: 10.1007/s40271-017-0236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Meghani SH, Knafl GJ. Salient concerns in using analgesia for cancer pain among outpatients: A cluster analysis study. World J Clin Oncol 2017; 8:75-85. [PMID: 28246587 PMCID: PMC5309716 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v8.i1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify unique clusters of patients based on their concerns in using analgesia for cancer pain and predictors of the cluster membership.
METHODS This was a 3-mo prospective observational study (n = 207). Patients were included if they were adults (≥ 18 years), diagnosed with solid tumors or multiple myelomas, and had at least one prescription of around-the-clock pain medication for cancer or cancer-treatment-related pain. Patients were recruited from two outpatient medical oncology clinics within a large health system in Philadelphia. A choice-based conjoint (CBC) analysis experiment was used to elicit analgesic treatment preferences (utilities). Patients employed trade-offs based on five analgesic attributes (percent relief from analgesics, type of analgesic, type of side-effects, severity of side-effects, out of pocket cost). Patients were clustered based on CBC utilities using novel adaptive statistical methods. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify predictors of cluster membership.
RESULTS The analyses found 4 unique clusters: Most patients made trade-offs based on the expectation of pain relief (cluster 1, 41%). For a subset, the main underlying concern was type of analgesic prescribed, i.e., opioid vs non-opioid (cluster 2, 11%) and type of analgesic side effects (cluster 4, 21%), respectively. About one in four made trade-offs based on multiple concerns simultaneously including pain relief, type of side effects, and severity of side effects (cluster 3, 28%). In multivariable analysis, to identify predictors of cluster membership, clinical and socioeconomic factors (education, health literacy, income, social support) rather than analgesic attitudes and beliefs were found important; only the belief, i.e., pain medications can mask changes in health or keep you from knowing what is going on in your body was found significant in predicting two of the four clusters [cluster 1 (-); cluster 4 (+)].
CONCLUSION Most patients appear to be driven by a single salient concern in using analgesia for cancer pain. Addressing these concerns, perhaps through real time clinical assessments, may improve patients’ analgesic adherence patterns and cancer pain outcomes.
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Booker SS, Herr KA. Pain Management for Older African Americans in the Perianesthesia Setting: The "Eight I's". J Perianesth Nurs 2017; 30:181-8. [PMID: 26003763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
National legislation (Affordable Care Act) emphasizes quality and equitable pain care for all patient populations, but frequently, pain management is not effective and equitable in African American (AA) elders, placing them at higher risk for severe pain and persistent pain. Research shows that AAs are less likely to receive guideline-based pain care. This underscores the need for perianesthesia nurses to be knowledgeable and capable of integrating cultural practices and evidence-based recommendations into their care of older AAs to ensure adequate pain management in this vulnerable population. This article describes differences and disparities in pain management in AA older adults and provides a cultural framework to guide perianesthesia pain management.
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Chronic Pain in Older African American Grandparent Caregivers. Home Healthc Now 2016; 34:316-24. [PMID: 27243429 DOI: 10.1097/nhh.0000000000000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
African American grandparent caregiving is increasing, and evidence shows that grandparent caregiving influences health and its management. As older adults age, their potential of experiencing chronic pain increases, and this is profound given that physiological research shows that African Americans, aside from aging, may have a predisposition for developing chronic pain. Research shows older African Americans experience significant chronic pain, but few have discussed the implications of managing chronic pain in older African Americans who have added parental responsibility. Many older African Americans receive home healthcare services and there is a unique role for home healthcare clinicians in caring for this vulnerable population. This article discusses the impact of pain on caregiving, challenges in pain management, and practice and policy implications to assist home healthcare clinicians maintain the safety and protection of both the older grandparent and grandchildren.
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Meghani SH, Knafl GJ. Patterns of analgesic adherence predict health care utilization among outpatients with cancer pain. Patient Prefer Adherence 2016; 10:81-98. [PMID: 26869772 PMCID: PMC4734825 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s93726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in chronic noncancer pain settings have found that opioid use increases health care utilization. Despite the key role of analgesics, specifically opioids, in the setting of cancer pain, there is no literature to our knowledge about the relationship between adherence to prescribed around-the-clock (ATC) analgesics and acute health care utilization (hospitalization) among patients with cancer pain. PURPOSE To identify adherence patterns over time for cancer patients taking ATC analgesics for pain, cluster these patterns into adherence types, combine the types into an adherence risk factor for hospitalization, identify other risk factors for hospitalization, and identify risk factors for inconsistent analgesic adherence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from a 3-month prospective observational study of patients diagnosed with solid tumors or multiple myeloma, having cancer-related pain, and having at least one prescription of oral ATC analgesics were collected. Adherence data were collected electronically using the medication event-monitoring system. Analyses were conducted using adaptive modeling methods based on heuristic search through alternative models controlled by likelihood cross-validation scores. RESULTS Six adherence types were identified and combined into the risk factor for hospitalization of inconsistent versus consistent adherence over time. Twenty other individually significant risk factors for hospitalization were identified, but inconsistent analgesic adherence was the strongest of these predictors (ie, generating the largest likelihood cross-validation score). These risk factors were adaptively combined into a model for hospitalization based on six pairwise interaction risk factors with exceptional discrimination (ie, area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve of 0.91). Patients had from zero to five of these risk factors, with an odds ratio of 5.44 (95% confidence interval 3.09-9.58) for hospitalization, with a unit increase in the number of such risk factors. CONCLUSION Inconsistent adherence to prescribed ATC analgesics, specifically the interaction of strong opioids and inconsistent adherence, is a strong risk factor for hospitalization among cancer outpatients with pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salimah H Meghani
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, NewCourtland Center of Transitions and Health, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Correspondence: Salimah H Meghani, Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Claire M Fagin Hall, 418 Curie Boulevard – Room 337, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4217, USA, Tel +1 215 573 7128, Fax +1 215 573 7507, Email
| | - George J Knafl
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Meghani SH, Thompson AML, Chittams J, Bruner DW, Riegel B. Adherence to Analgesics for Cancer Pain: A Comparative Study of African Americans and Whites Using an Electronic Monitoring Device. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2015; 16:825-35. [PMID: 26080042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite well-documented disparities in cancer pain outcomes among African Americans, surprisingly little research exists on adherence to analgesia for cancer pain in this group. We compared analgesic adherence for cancer-related pain over a 3-month period between African Americans and whites using the Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS). Patients (N = 207) were recruited from outpatient medical oncology clinics of an academic medical center in Philadelphia (≥18 years of age, diagnosed with solid tumors or multiple myeloma, with cancer-related pain, and at least 1 prescription of oral around-the-clock analgesic). African Americans reported significantly greater cancer pain (P < .001), were less likely than whites to have a prescription of long-acting opioids (P < .001), and were more likely to have a negative Pain Management Index (P < .001). There were considerable differences between African Americans and whites in the overall MEMS dose adherence, ie, percentage of the total number of prescribed doses that were taken (53% vs 74%, P < .001). On subanalysis, analgesic adherence rates for African Americans ranged from 34% (for weak opioids) to 63% (for long-acting opioids). Unique predictors of analgesic adherence varied by race; income levels, analgesic side effects, and fear of distracting providers predicted analgesic adherence for African Americans but not for whites. Perspective: Despite evidence of disparities in cancer pain outcomes among African Americans, surprisingly little research exists on African Americans' adherence to analgesia for cancer pain. This prospective study uses objective measures to compare adherence to prescribed pain medications between African American and white patients with cancer pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salimah H Meghani
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; NewCourtland Center of Transitions and Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Aleda M L Thompson
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jesse Chittams
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Deborah W Bruner
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Barbara Riegel
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; NewCourtland Center of Transitions and Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Meghani SH, Kang Y, Chittams J, McMenamin E, Mao JJ, Fudin J. African Americans with cancer pain are more likely to receive an analgesic with toxic metabolite despite clinical risks: a mediation analysis study. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:2773-9. [PMID: 25049323 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.54.7992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Renal impairment is highly prevalent among patients with cancer, and many patients have undiagnosed chronic kidney disease (CKD) from underlying disease, treatment, or both. African American individuals have disproportionate risk factors (diabetes, hypertension) predisposing them to CKD. We investigated whether African American patients are more likely than white patients to receive morphine with 3- and 6-glucuronide metabolites, which are known to be neurotoxic and accumulate in CKD; whether insurance type mediates the relationship between race and the prescriber's opioid selection; and whether the chosen opioid has a resultant negative effect according to race. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients (N = 182) were recruited from oncology clinics within the University of Pennsylvania Health System. Inclusion was based on self-identified African American or white race, age older than 18 years, and the presence of cancer-related pain plus a prescription for morphine or oxycodone. Kidney function was estimated using the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula. RESULTS Patients with CKD who received morphine reported a greater severity of analgesic-related adverse effects than patients with CKD who received oxycodone (P = .010). Controlling for health insurance type, African American patients had 71% lower odds of receiving a prescription of oxycodone than white patients (P < .001). Limiting analysis to those with CKD, the effect of private insurance became insignificant. However, race still remained a significant predictor of the prescribed opioid selection. Race was a strong predictor of adverse effect severity in the presence of CKD, and the type of opioid selection partially mediated this relationship. CONCLUSION Reducing racial disparities in the type of opioid prescription and understanding mechanisms of disproportionate opioid-related adverse effects in African American patients might decrease the clinical disparities in cancer pain outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salimah H Meghani
- Salimah H. Meghani, Youjeong Kang, and Jesse Chittams, University of Pennsylvania; Erin McMenamin and Jun J. Mao, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Jeffrey Fudin, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, CT; and Jeffrey Fudin, Western New England University College of Pharmacy, Springfield, MA.
| | - Youjeong Kang
- Salimah H. Meghani, Youjeong Kang, and Jesse Chittams, University of Pennsylvania; Erin McMenamin and Jun J. Mao, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Jeffrey Fudin, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, CT; and Jeffrey Fudin, Western New England University College of Pharmacy, Springfield, MA
| | - Jesse Chittams
- Salimah H. Meghani, Youjeong Kang, and Jesse Chittams, University of Pennsylvania; Erin McMenamin and Jun J. Mao, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Jeffrey Fudin, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, CT; and Jeffrey Fudin, Western New England University College of Pharmacy, Springfield, MA
| | - Erin McMenamin
- Salimah H. Meghani, Youjeong Kang, and Jesse Chittams, University of Pennsylvania; Erin McMenamin and Jun J. Mao, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Jeffrey Fudin, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, CT; and Jeffrey Fudin, Western New England University College of Pharmacy, Springfield, MA
| | - Jun J Mao
- Salimah H. Meghani, Youjeong Kang, and Jesse Chittams, University of Pennsylvania; Erin McMenamin and Jun J. Mao, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Jeffrey Fudin, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, CT; and Jeffrey Fudin, Western New England University College of Pharmacy, Springfield, MA
| | - Jeffrey Fudin
- Salimah H. Meghani, Youjeong Kang, and Jesse Chittams, University of Pennsylvania; Erin McMenamin and Jun J. Mao, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Jeffrey Fudin, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, CT; and Jeffrey Fudin, Western New England University College of Pharmacy, Springfield, MA
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Meghani SH, Byun E, Chittams J. Conducting Research with Vulnerable Populations: Cautions and Considerations in Interpreting Outliers in Disparities Research. AIMS Public Health 2014; 1:25-32. [PMID: 26413569 PMCID: PMC4580253 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2014.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Addressing the needs of understudied and vulnerable populations first and foremost necessitate correct application and interpretation of research that is designed to understand sources of disparities in healthcare or health systems outcomes. In this brief research report, we discuss some important concerns and considerations in handling “outliers” when conducting disparities-related research. To illustrate these concerns, we use data from our recently completed study that investigated sources of disparities in cancer pain outcomes between African Americans and Whites with cancer-related pain. A choice-based conjoint (CBC) study was conducted to compare preferences for analgesic treatment for cancer pain between African Americans and Whites. Compared to Whites, African Americans were both disproportionately more likely to make pain treatment decisions based on analgesic side-effects and were more likely to have extreme values for the CBC-elicited utilities for analgesic “side-effects.” Our findings raise conceptual and methodological consideration in handling extreme values when conducting disparities-related research. Extreme values or outliers can be caused by random variations, measurement errors, or true heterogeneity in a clinical phenomenon. The researchers should consider: 1) whether systematic patterns of extreme values exist and 2) if systematic patterns of extreme values are consistent with a clinical pattern (e.g., poor management of cancer pain and side-effects in racial/ethnic subgroups as documented by many previous studies). As may be evident, these considerations are particularly important in health disparities research where extreme values may actually represent a clinical reality, such as unequal treatment or disproportionate burden of symptoms in certain subgroups. Approaches to handling outliers, such as non-parametric analyses, log transforming clinically important extreme values, or removing outliers may represent a missed opportunity in understanding a potentially targetable area of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salimah H Meghani
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, NewCourtland Center for Transitions and Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, 418 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eeeseung Byun
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California San Francisco School of Nursing, 2 Koret Way, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jesse Chittams
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, NewCourtland Center for Transitions and Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, 418 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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