• COPD
• Lung cancer
• Mendelian randomization

• Humans
• Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications
• Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology
• Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/genetics
• Lung Neoplasms/etiology
• Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology
• Lung Neoplasms/genetics
• Mendelian Randomization Analysis/methods
• Genome-Wide Association Study
• Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
• Risk Factors
• Smoking/adverse effects
• Adenocarcinoma of Lung
• Male
• Female
• Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology
• Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology
• Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
• Adenocarcinoma/etiology

• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Smoking
• Smoking cessation
• Tobacco control

• Humans
• Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology
• Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/prevention & control
• World Health Organization
• Smoking Cessation
• Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
• Smoking/adverse effects
• Smoking/epidemiology

• 001 World Health Organization

• Humans
• Neoplasms/prevention & control
• Neoplasms/drug therapy
• Neoplasms/etiology
• Drug Repositioning/methods
• Chronic Disease
• Obesity/complications
• Obesity/metabolism

• Z99 CA999999 Intramural NIH HHS

• 3D spheroids
• Budesonide
• Cell proliferation
• Glucocorticoids
• Metabolic reprogramming
• Pancreatic cancer

• Humans
• Budesonide/pharmacology
• Budesonide/therapeutic use
• Mice
• Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
• Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
• Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
• Energy Metabolism/drug effects
• Cell Proliferation/drug effects
• Animals
• Cell Line, Tumor
• Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy
• Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
• Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
• Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
• Cell Movement/drug effects

• IG 20736 Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro
• Bridge Grant AIRC 2022 (#27012) Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro
• PNRR project D3 4 Health (PNC 0000001) Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca
• PRIN 2022KME7RY Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca
• Young Researchers-MSCA-PNRR-MUR (MSCA_0000023) Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca
• Fondazione Umberto Veronesi Fondazione Umberto Veronesi
• Fondazione Italiana per la ricerca sulle Malattie del Pancreas Fondazione Italiana per la ricerca sulle Malattie del Pancreas

• Humans
• Male
• Female
• Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology
• Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
• Middle Aged
• Retrospective Studies
• Aged
• Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy
• Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology
• Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis
• Republic of Korea/epidemiology
• Administration, Inhalation
• Nebulizers and Vaporizers
• Adult
• Cohort Studies
• Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage
• Adrenal Cortex Hormones/adverse effects
• Population Surveillance/methods
• Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists/administration & dosage
• Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists/adverse effects
• Muscarinic Antagonists/administration & dosage
• Muscarinic Antagonists/adverse effects

• HR16C0001 Korea Health Technology R&D Project
• HR16C0001 Korea Health Technology R&D Project
• Korea Health Technology R&D Project

• asthma
• lung cancer risk
• mendelian randomization
• meta-analysis

• Female
• Humans
• Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology
• Lung Neoplasms/genetics
• Mendelian Randomization Analysis
• Genome-Wide Association Study
• Asthma/epidemiology
• Asthma/genetics
• Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
• Cohort Studies
• Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
• Lung
• Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

• Humans
• Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis
• Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy
• Medication Adherence

• bronchodilator
• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• inhaled corticosteroid
• pharmacological therapy

• National Natural Science Foundation of China

• Cost-effectiveness analysis
• I
• I1
• I15
• I18
• Thailand
• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• economic evaluation
• smoking cessation

• Humans
• Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
• Cost-Benefit Analysis
• Thailand
• Smoking Cessation
• Longitudinal Studies
• Quality-Adjusted Life Years
• Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

• UM1 TR004409 NCATS NIH HHS

• cancer development
• corticosteroids
• endocrine
• glucocorticoids
• inflammation
• steroid hormones

• National Institute of General Medical Sciences
• West Virginia University

There has been debate on whether inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) reduce the incidence of lung cancer amongst patients with Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COPD). We aimed to perform a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis on available observational data.

We performed both a dose response and high versus low random effects meta-analysis on observational studies measuring whether lung cancer incidence was lower in patients using ICS with COPD. We report relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), as well as risk difference. We use the GRADE framework to report our results.

Our dose–response suggested a reduction in the incidence of lung cancer for every 500 ug/day of fluticasone equivalent ICS (RR 0.82 [95% 0.68–0.95]). Using a baseline risk of 7.2%, we calculated risk difference of 14 fewer cases per 1000 ([95% CI 24.7–3.8 fewer]). Similarly, our results suggested that for every 1000 ug/day of fluticasone equivalent ICS, there was a larger reduction in incidence of lung cancer (RR 0.68 [0.44–0.93]), with a risk difference of 24.7 fewer cases per 1000 ([95% CI 43.2–5.4 fewer]). The certainty of the evidence was low to very low, due to risk of bias and inconsistency.

There may be a reduction in the incidence for lung cancer in COPD patients who use ICS. However, the quality of the evidence is low to very low, therefore, we are limited in making strong claims about the true effect of ICS on lung cancer incidence.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-022-02072-1.

Cigarette smoke is a complex aerosol containing a large number of compounds with a variety of toxicity and carcinogenicity. Long-term exposure to cigarette smoke significantly increases the risk of a variety of diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a unique biological process, that refers to epithelial cells losing their polarity and transforming into mobile mesenchymal cells, playing a crucial role in organ development, fibrosis, and cancer progression. Numerous recent studies have shown that EMT is an important pathophysiological process involved in airway fibrosis, airway remodeling, and malignant transformation of COPD. In this review, we summarized the effects of cigarette smoke on the development and progression of COPD and focus on the specific changes and underlying mechanisms of EMT in COPD induced by cigarette smoke. We spotlighted the signaling pathways involved in EMT induced by cigarette smoke and summarize the current research and treatment approaches for EMT in COPD, aiming to provide ideas for potential new treatment and research directions.

• COPD
• Cigarette smoke
• Epithelial–mesenchymal transition
• Signaling pathways

• Administration, Inhalation
• Adrenal Cortex Hormones/adverse effects
• Asthma
• Humans
• Lung Neoplasms
• Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications
• Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• copd
• lung cancer

• Lung cancer
• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• immunotherapy
• neutrophils

(1) Background: Chronic inflammation has been regarded as a risk factor for the onset and progression of human cancer, but the critical molecular mechanisms underlying this pathological process have yet to be elucidated. (2) Methods: In this study, we investigated whether interleukin (IL)-17-mediated inflammation was involved in cigarette smoke-induced genomic instability. (3) Results: Higher levels of both IL-17 and the DNA damage response (DDR) were found in the lung tissues of smokers than in those of non-smokers. Similarly, elevated levels of IL-17 and the DDR were observed in mice after cigarette smoke exposure, and a positive correlation was observed between IL-17 expression and the DDR. In line with these observations, the DDR in the mouse lung was diminished in IL-17 KO when exposed to cigarette smoke. Besides this, the treatment of human bronchial epithelium cells with IL-17 led to increased levels of the DDR and chromosome breakage. (4) Conclusions: These results suggest that cigarette smoke induces genomic instability at least partially through IL-17-mediated inflammation, implying that IL-17 could play an important role in the development of lung cancer.

• DNA damage response
• IL-17
• cigarette smoke
• inflammation

• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Image mining
• Lung cancer screening
• Thoracic CT
• Tobacco-related diseases

• biochemistry
• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• diagnostics
• lung cancer
• saliva
• smoking

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between fluorodeoxyglucose metabolism and smoking history in healthy adults by analyzing lung standardized uptake value (SUV).

The ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT) studies of 347 patients who did not show signs of having malignant diseases or lung inflammation were retrospectively evaluated. Four circular regions of interest (ROI) were manually drawn on the upper and lower lung regions. The averages of maximum SUV (SUVmax-avr) and mean SUV (SUVmean-avr) were calculated, and the mean values of each parameter for non-smokers, ex-smokers, and current smokers were compared. The correlation between SUVmax-avr and smoking history (tobacco burden and the duration of smoking cessation) was assessed based on present smoking status. The ex-smokers and current smokers were divided into three groups according to their tobacco burden, and the SUVmax-avrs of the two groups were compared.

Both the mean values of SUVmax-avr and SUVmean-avr increased based on smoking history, with non-smokers having the lowest values and current smokers the highest. Tobacco burden had a positive correlation with SUVmax-avr in current smokers (r = 0.474, P< 0.001). However, neither tobacco burden (r = 0171, P = 0.162) nor duration of smoking cessation (r = 0.212, P = 0.082) had a significant correlation with SUVmax-avr in ex-smokers. The mean SUVmax-avr of current smokers was significantly higher than that of ex-smokers in patients with a medium or large tobacco burden (P = 0.012, P< 0.001, respectively). Although there was no significant difference between the mean SUVmax-avrs of ex-smokers and current smokers in patients with a small tobacco burden (P = 0.888), the mean SUVmax-avrs of both ex-smokers and current smokers with a small tobacco burden were significantly higher than that of non-smokers (P< 0. 001, P< 0.001, respectively).

The findings indicate that lung SUV increases in current heavy smokers and partially decreases after the cessation of smoking, which is in line with previous reports studied by analyzingfluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) metabolism of lung specimens.

• fluorodeoxyglucose
• lung
• positron emission tomography/computed tomography
• smoking

Lung cancer is a serious complication in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and accounts for approximately 15% of deaths in patients with COPD. However, with the exception of emphysema, few reports to date have been published on the factors that predict lung cancer development in COPD patients. It has been reported that patients with COPD develop lung cancer at a rate of 0.8% - 1.7%/year, but the incidence may be higher in the Japanese population. Therefore, we investigated the incidence of lung cancer and the lung cancer mortality rate in Japanese COPD patients, as well as factors that are associated with the development of lung cancer in COPD patients.

We followed up 224 patients with stable COPD and performed CT examinations at least once per year. The incidence of lung cancer was recorded and data at enrollment were compared with data of the group that did not develop lung cancer.

Over a median follow-up period of 4.58 years, lung cancer was newly diagnosed in 19 patients; the incidence of lung cancer in this population was 1.85%/year. Patients who developed lung cancer had more severe emphysema assessed by CT and GOLD classification and were more likely to be current smokers than those who did not develop lung cancer. No other significant differences were observed between these two groups. Mortality was significantly increased in patients who developed lung cancer compared with those who did not.

In COPD patients, the incidence of lung cancer is higher and the development of lung cancer worsens the prognosis; however, lung cancer development is unpredictable and attention should be paid to all patients. Annual CT screening is important for early detection of lung cancer.

• COPD
• GOLD classification
• ICS
• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• current smoker
• inhaled corticosteroid
• lung cancer

• Inhaled corticosteroids
• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• lung cancer
• meta-analysis

• diseases
• oncology
• risk factors

• Adult
• Aged
• Asthma/diagnosis
• Asthma/epidemiology
• Asthma/etiology
• Asthma/therapy
• Disease Management
• Disease Susceptibility
• Female
• Humans
• Incidence
• Lung Neoplasms/complications
• Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Norway/epidemiology
• Proportional Hazards Models
• Public Health Surveillance
• Registries
• Risk Assessment
• Risk Factors
• Self Report
• Severity of Illness Index
• Symptom Assessment

• LJ was supported by funding from the Stiftelsen Dam through the Norwegian Cancer Society (project no. 90539400)
• LJ was also supported by top-up funding from the collaboration partner between the Liaison Committee for Education, Research and Innovation in Central Norway and Central Norway Regional Health Authority.
• YQS was supported by a researcher grant from The Liaison Committee for Education, Research and Innovation in Central Norway
• BMB works in a research unit funded by Stiftelsen Kristian Gerhard Jebsen; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU; The Liaison Committee for Education, Research and Innovation in Central Norway; and Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol.

• inhaled corticosteroids
• lung cancer
• meta-analysis
• systematic review

• asthma
• bronchodilators
• corticosteroid
• narcolepsy

The aim of the work was to study the features of the salivary biochemical composition in the combined pathology of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of varying severity (COPD I, COPD II). The study group included patients with lung cancer (n = 392), non-malignant lung pathologies (n = 168) and healthy volunteers (n = 500). Before treatment, the salivary biochemical composition was determined according to 34 indicators. Survival analysis performed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Biochemical parameters (catalase, imidazole compounds ICs, sialic acids, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) that can be used to monitor patients at risk (COPD I) for timely diagnosis of lung cancer are determined. A complex of salivary biochemical indicators with prognostic value in lung cancer was revealed. For patients with lung cancer without COPD, a group of patients with a favorable prognosis can be distinguished with a combination of ICs < 0.478 mmol/L and LDH >1248 U/L (HR = 1.56, 95% CI 0.40–6.07, p = 0.03891). For COPD I, a level of ICs < 0.182 mmol/L are prognostically favorable (HR = 1.74, 95% CI 0.71–4.21, p = 0.07270). For COPD II, combinations of pH < 6.74 and LDH >1006 U/L are prognostically favorable. In general, for patients with lung cancer in combination with COPD I, the prognosis is more favorable than without COPD.

• biochemistry
• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• diagnostics
• lung cancer
• prognosis
• saliva

There is limited knowledge on the effect of acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) on lung cancer risk in COPD patients with and without a history of asthma. This study aims to examine whether AECOPD is associated with risk of lung cancer, and whether the effect depends on a history of asthma.

In the GenKOLS study of 2003–2005, 852 subjects with COPD performed spirometry, and filled out questionnaires on smoking habits, symptoms and disease history. These data were linked to lung cancer data from the Cancer Registry of Norway through 2013. AECOPD, measured at baseline was the main predictor. To quantify differences in lung cancer risk, we performed Cox-proportional hazards regression. We adjusted for sex, age, smoking variables, body mass index, and lung function.

During follow-up, 8.8% of the subjects with, and 5.9% of the subjects without exacerbations were diagnosed with lung cancer. Cox regression showed a significant increased risk of lung cancer with one or more exacerbations in COPD patients without a history of asthma, HRR = 2.77 (95% CI 1.39–5.52). We found a significant interaction between a history of asthma and AECOPD on lung cancer.

AECOPD is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in COPD patients without a history of asthma.

• COPD
• asthma
• exacerbations
• lung cancer

• cigarette smoke
• inflammation
• nicotine
• oxidative stress
• repurposing
• tumorigenesis

• R15 CA231339 NCI NIH HHS
• R15CA231339, 2R01DA029121, 1R01DA049737 NIH HHS

• COPD
• Delphi technique
• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• comorbidities
• modified RAND-UCLA

• Anxiety
• Comorbidity
• Consensus
• Health Services
• Humans
• Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis
• Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy
• Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology

• COPD
• asthma
• cell differentiation
• fibrosis
• wound repair

• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• frequent exacerbations
• influenza vaccination
• lung cancer

• Aged
• Cohort Studies
• Disease Progression
• Female
• Humans
• Immunization Schedule
• Incidence
• Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use
• Influenza, Human/complications
• Influenza, Human/prevention & control
• Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology
• Lung Neoplasms/etiology
• Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications

Background and purpose: Lung cancer has high global incidence and mortality rates. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is strongly associated with lung cancer and is an independent risk factor for lung cancer with or without smoking. Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) are used to treat COPD. This study sought to determine whether CHM treatment effectively decreases the incidence of lung cancer in COPD patients receiving conventional Western medical treatment.

Methods: Records obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) were used to identify 81,780 adults aged ≥18 years newly diagnosed with COPD in Taiwan between 2000 and 2010. Among them, 11,180 received CHMs after COPD diagnosis and 23,319 did not (non-CHM). After excluding patients with missing basic demographic information, each group consisted of 2,682 patients. Statistical methods analyzed the baseline characteristics for both groups and we performed a Cox proportional hazard regression analysis to examine the incidence of lung cancer. The cumulative incidence of lung cancer in COPD patients with or without CHM treatment was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The association between herbs and formulas was examined by NodeXL to perform a network analysis of CHM.

Results: COPD patients using CHM had a lower risk for lung cancer (adjusted hazards ratio [aHR] = 0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.24–0.53, p < 0.001). Older age was associated with a higher risk of lung cancer: patients aged 40–59 years (aHR = 5.32, 95% CI = 2.19–12.94, p < 0.001) and those aged ≥60 years (aHR = 16.75, 95% CI = 7.54–37.23, p < 0.001) were at significantly greater risk compared with patients aged 18–39 years. CHM use was associated with a trend for a lower cumulative incidence of lung cancer compared with non-CHM use (p < 0.001). Among the 10 most commonly used single herbs and formulas used to decrease the risk of lung cancer in COPD patients, Fritillariae thunbergii was the most commonly used single herb and Xiao Qing Long Tang the most commonly used formula.

Conclusion: The findings from this nationwide retrospective cohort study indicate that CHM as adjunctive therapy in COPD treatment regimens may reduce the risk of lung cancer in this vulnerable patient population.

• Chinese herbal medicine
• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• lung cancer
• retrospective cohort study
• traditional Chinese medicine

• Candidate modified risk tobacco products
• Genetic damage
• Inflammation
• Lung cancer
• Non-clinical and clinical assessment

• Humans
• Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology
• Risk Assessment/methods
• Risk Reduction Behavior
• Tobacco Use/adverse effects
• Tobacco Use/physiopathology

• Philip Morris International

• COPD
• Inflammation
• Lung cancer
• Phenotypes

• COPD
• disease heterogeneity
• histology
• lung cancer
• prognosis