• Wellcome Trust

• Colorectal cancer
• Dysbiosis
• Prebiotics
• Probiotics

• Humans
• Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
• Quality of Life
• Probiotics/therapeutic use

• bile acids
• colorectal cancer
• gut microbiota
• herbal medicine
• microbial metabolism

• Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province

• Bifidobacterium bifidum
• Chemoprevention
• Cholecalciferol
• Colorectal adenocarcinoma
• Gut microbiota
• Lactobacillus gasseri

• Colorectal neoplasms
• Intestinal microbiota
• Probiotics
• VSL#3

Pelvic radiation therapy (RT) can impact the gut microbiome in patients with cancer and result in gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities. The purpose of this systematic review was to describe the effects of RT on the gut microbiome and the associations between the gut microbiome and GI toxicities in patients treated with pelvic RT.

PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched from their earliest records to August 2020. The articles screening process adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The Mixed Method Assessment Tool was used to assess the methodological quality for each included study. All study findings were synthesized and presented in narrative format. Thirteen studies were included. The gut microbiome of fecal samples was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing approaches.

There were disparities in alpha and beta diversities that existed across the studies. Divergent results were found among various phyla, including Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Deinococcus-Thermus. Moreover, alteration in the gut microbiome diversity and abundance related to cancer treatment was associated with pelvic toxicities, specifically diarrhea. Following treatment, increases in the abundance of Bacteroides was associated with diarrhea and radiation enteritis.

Pelvic RT can disrupt the diversity and abundance of commensal gut microorganisms. A dysbiotic gut microbiome showed a promising association with radiation enteritis through alterations of the intestinal barrier function, innate immunity, and intestinal repair mechanisms; however, confounders, such as diet, were not thoroughly addressed.

• cancer
• gastrointestinal side effects
• gut microbiome
• pelvic radiation therapy
• treatment toxicity

• cancer
• gastrointestinal disorders
• pathology
• probiotic
• therapy

• H+,K+-ATPase
• cell proliferation
• gastric erosion
• mucus
• probiotics
• trefoil factor

• Center Based Grant #035108/15 United Arab Emirates University
• Competitive research grant number 1601110216-P University of Sharjah

• Apoptosis
• Bifidobacteria
• Colorectal cancer
• Probiotic

• Bifidobacterium bifidum
• Lactobacillus gasseri
• Wnt/β-catenin
• colon cancer
• energy expenditure
• quercetin

• Adenomatous Polyposis Coli/metabolism
• Animals
• Bifidobacterium bifidum/cytology
• Body Weight/drug effects
• Carcinogenesis/drug effects
• Carcinogenesis/pathology
• Cells, Immobilized/cytology
• Colon/pathology
• Colony Count, Microbial
• Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics
• Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
• Energy Metabolism/drug effects
• Feces/microbiology
• Feeding Behavior
• Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
• Lactobacillus gasseri/cytology
• Mice, Inbred C57BL
• Occult Blood
• Organ Size/drug effects
• Probiotics/pharmacology
• Quercetin/pharmacology
• Wnt Signaling Pathway/drug effects
• Mice

• Animals
• Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome/radiation effects
• Humans
• Neoplasms/radiotherapy
• Prebiotics
• Probiotics/pharmacology
• Radiation Tolerance
• Radiotherapy/adverse effects

• 81871895 National Natural Science Foundation of China
• 2019RC003 Young Taishan Scholars and Academic Promotion Program of Shandong First Medical University

We evaluated the effects of the probiotic candidate Lactobacillus paracasei DTA81 (DTA81) on liver oxidative stress, colonic cytokine profile, and gut microbiota in mice with induced early colon carcinogenesis (CRC) by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Animals were divided into four different groups (n = 6) and received the following treatments via orogastric gavage for 8 weeks: Group skim milk (GSM): 300 mg/freeze-dried skim milk/day; Group L. paracasei DTA81 (DTA81): 3 × 10⁹ colony-forming units (CFU)/day; Group Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG): 3 × 10⁹ CFU/day; Group non-intervention (GNI): 0.1 mL/water/day. A single DMH dose (20 mg/kg body weight) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p), weekly, in all animals (seven applications in total). At the end of the experimental period, DTA81 intake reduced hepatic levels of carbonyl protein and malondialdehyde (MDA). Moreover, low levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-17, as well as a reduced expression level of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were observed in colonic homogenates. Lastly, animals who received DTA81 showed an intestinal enrichment of the genus Ruminiclostridium and increased concentrations of caecal acetic acid and total short-chain fatty acids. In conclusion, this study indicates that the administration of the probiotic candidate DTA81 can have beneficial effects on the initial stages of CRC development.

• 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)
• 16S rRNA
• Lactobacillus paracasei DTA81
• colorectal cancer
• cytokine levels
• oxidative stress biomarkers
• probiotic
• short-chain fatty acids

• cancer prevention
• colorectal cancer
• prebiotics
• probiotics
• synbiotics

• Animal model
• Carcinogenesis
• Colorectal neoplasms
• Probiotics
• Systematic review

• Caco-2 Cells
• Colonic Neoplasms/genetics
• Colonic Neoplasms/prevention & control
• Culture Media/metabolism
• Cultured Milk Products/microbiology
• Down-Regulation
• Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
• HEK293 Cells
• Humans
• Iran
• Lactobacillus/isolation & purification
• Lactobacillus/metabolism
• Probiotics/isolation & purification
• Probiotics/metabolism
• Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
• Receptor, ErbB-3/genetics

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancerous diseases worldwide and causes leading cancer-associated deaths. Several factors are related to the incidence of CRC such as unhealthy diet and lifestyle, heredity, metabolic disorders, and genetic factors. Even though several advanced medical procedures are available for CRC treatment, the survival rates are poor with many adverse treatments associated side effects, which affects the quality of life. Probiotics are a well-known bioactive candidate for the treatment of several diseases and ill-health conditions. The recent scientific evidence suggested that probiotic supplementation protects the CRC patients from treatment-associated adverse effects. The manuscript summarizes the influence of probiotic supplementation on the health status of CRC patients and discusses the possible mechanism behind the protective effect of probiotics against CRC. The literature survey revealed that beneficial impact of probiotic supplementation depends on several factors such as strain, dosage, duration of the intervention, host physiology, and other food supplements. The probiotic intervention improves the microbiota, releases antimicrobials and anticarcinogenic agents, helps to remove carcinogens, and improves the intestinal permeability, tight junction function, and enzyme activity in CRC patients. Besides, not all probiotic strains exhibit anti-CRC activities; it is necessary to screen the potent strain for the development of a probiotic-based therapeutic agent to control or prevent the incidence of CRC.

A reduced-fat effect of probiotics was primarily derived functionally rather than structurally, and we investigated the ultra-structural aspect of the gut mucosa in Syrian golden hamsters with high-fat diet by feeding with Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei SY13 (Lc SY13). 36 adult-male Syrian golden hamsters were randomly grouped into four; control group (G1), high-fat group (G2), high-dose group (G3), and low-dose group (G4). The G1 hamsters were fed a standard normal chow diet, while those in other groups were fed a high-fat chow diet for duration of 8 weeks. With the use of oral gavage, G1 hamsters were administered 1 mL of skim milk/hamster/day, while G3 and G4 hamsters were administered Lc SY13 at 4.1 × 10¹⁰ or 4.1 × 10⁸ cells/hamster/day. At 14, 28, and 56 days consecutively, three golden hamsters from each group were sacrificed by carotid, taking blood from eyeball for quantitative detection of hamsters serum total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). At 56 days, Taqman-MGB fluorescence probe was used for the quantitative detection of Lc SY13 in the intestinal mucosal, and their ileum was viewed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Screening of the ileum microvilli of the hamsters showed that at 56 days, G3 was significantly (P < 0.05) bigger than other groups while its serum TC, TG, and TDL decreased. Lc SY13 was detected in the intestines, and was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the ileum of G3 than those of G4. In conclusion, Lc SY13 may play a remarkable reduced-fat response role by improving high-fat uptake as well as its metabolism and transport; most especially in G3. The reduced-fat response of the Lc SY13 differed in a time and dose-dependent manner. These findings indicated that probiotic strains of Lc SY13 can reduce fat level, thus suggesting its potential in ameliorating obesity-related diseases.

• Lc SY13
• Syrian golden hamsters
• high-fat
• intestinal mucosal
• reduced-fat

• biotherapeutic
• colorectal cancer
• immune response
• intestinal microbiota

• 1,2-dimethylhydrazine
• Cell proliferation
• Colorectal cancer
• Inflammation
• Orientin

• Bifidobacterium bifidum
• Lactobacillus acidophilus
• milk allergy
• probiotics

• Animal Feed/microbiology
• Animals
• Bifidobacterium bifidum/immunology
• Cell Line
• Cytokines/biosynthesis
• Cytokines/immunology
• Dietary Supplements
• Disease Models, Animal
• Food Hypersensitivity/diet therapy
• Food Hypersensitivity/prevention & control
• Immunoglobulins/blood
• Intestines/immunology
• Lactobacillus acidophilus/immunology
• Lactococcus lactis/growth & development
• Male
• Mice
• Milk Hypersensitivity/drug therapy
• Milk Hypersensitivity/microbiology
• Probiotics/pharmacology
• RNA, Messenger/analysis
• RNA, Messenger/isolation & purification
• Spleen/immunology
• Whey Proteins/immunology
• Whey Proteins/pharmacology

Purpose. Availability without prescription restriction, low cost, and simple oral administration allow cancer patients to use probiotics without knowledge of potential risks. We present a survey of probiotic use and the association with patient tumor characteristics in cancer patients treated at the outpatient department of the National Cancer Institute in Slovakia. Patients and Methods. Between March and December 2014, 499 patients were asked to evaluate their overall experience with probiotics by questionnaire form, including the length and method of use relative to anticancer therapy, expectations, side-effect experiences, understanding of the possible risks, dietary supplement use, and others. The relevant data were statistically evaluated. Results. The cohort consisted of 323 women (64.7%) and 176 men (35.3%); 91.6% were undergoing chemotherapy (2.6% together with radiotherapy) and 8.4% had no anticancer therapy. The prevalence of probiotic use was 28.5% and only 12 patients using probiotics (8.5%) described negative side effects. Most patients declared consideration of probiotic use based on recommendation from a physician (37.3%) or a pharmacist (14.8%). Nevertheless, up to 86.6% of patients declared no knowledge of possible risks. Statistically significant correlation was found between probiotic use and age of patients (P < .008), gender (P < .023), and taking other dietary supplements (P < .000002). Conclusions. In this prospective study, we present for the first time the prevalence, side-effect experience, and aspects that most likely influence probiotic use in cancer patients. Minimal knowledge of risks underlines the importance of an active approach by oncologists to inform patients about probiotic safety.

• cancer
• chemotherapy
• dietary supplements
• immunocompromised cancer patients
• oncologist to patient communication
• probiotics
• safety

• colorectal cancer
• gut microbiota
• immunity
• inflammation

• 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine
• Administration, Oral
• Animals
• Apoptosis
• Bacillus subtilis/physiology
• Carcinogenesis
• Cell Cycle Checkpoints
• Cell Line, Tumor
• Clostridium butyricum/physiology
• Colorectal Neoplasms/chemically induced
• Colorectal Neoplasms/prevention & control
• Culture Media, Conditioned
• Disease Progression
• Homeostasis
• Inflammation/therapy
• Male
• Mice, Inbred C57BL
• Probiotics

The population tends to consume foods that in addition to their nutritional values can offer some benefits to their health. There are many epidemiological evidences and research studies in animal models suggesting that diet plays an important role in breast cancer prevention or progression. This review summarized some of the relevant researches about nutrition and cancer during the last years, especially in breast cancer. The analysis of probiotics and fermented products containing lactic acid bacteria in cancer prevention and/or treatment was especially discussed. It was observed that a balance of fatty acids similar to those of traditional Mediterranean diet, the consumption of fruits and vegetables, dietary fiber intake, vitamin supplementation are, along with the intake of probiotic products, the most extensively studied by the negative association to breast cancer risk. The consumption of probiotics and fermented products containing lactic acid bacteria was associated to reduce breast cancer risk in some epidemiological studies. The use of animal models showed the modulation of the host’s immune response as one of the important effects associated to the benefices observed with most probiotics. However; future assays in human are very important before the medical community can accept the addition of probiotic or fermented milks containing lactic acid bacteria as supplements for cancer patients.

• Breast cancer
• Nutrition
• Probiotic
• Fermented products