• Adherence
• Adverse events
• Cancer survivors
• Feasibility
• Home-based exercise
• Physical activity
• Safety

• NU23-09-00048 Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské Republiky
• NU23-09-00048 Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské Republiky
• NU23-09-00048 Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské Republiky
• NU23-09-00048 Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské Republiky
• NU23-09-00048 Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské Republiky
• NU23-09-00048 Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské Republiky

• cancer survivors
• health promotion
• multidisciplinary care
• physical activity/exercise
• primary care

• Humans
• Cancer Survivors/psychology
• Exercise
• General Practice/methods
• Health Promotion/methods
• Motivation
• Neoplasms

• Translational Cancer Research Network, a translational cancer research centre
• Cancer Institute NSW

• Humans
• Breast Neoplasms/surgery
• Female
• Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data
• Exercise Therapy/methods
• Exercise
• Quality of Life/psychology
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
• Postoperative Care/methods
• Postoperative Care/statistics & numerical data

• breast cancer
• exercise trials
• mammae cancer
• meta-analysis
• research equity
• sampling bias
• social validity

• Humans
• Breast Neoplasms/therapy
• Female
• Exercise
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
• Social Class
• Socioeconomic Factors
• Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data

• Adherence
• Cancer survivors
• Physical activity
• Psychosocial correlates

• FCT/UIDB/00617/2020 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
• PTDC/SAU-DES/2865/2020 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
• PTDC/SAU-DES/2865/2020 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
• PTDC/SAU-DES/2865/2020 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia

• Equipment and Supplies
• Exercise
• Neoplasms
• Rehabilitation

• Humans
• Adult
• Exercise
• Neoplasms

• behaviour change
• exercise
• health care
• interventions
• physical activity

• Humans
• Counseling
• Delivery of Health Care
• Exercise
• Quality of Life
• Health Promotion

• Latina
• breast cancer survivors
• instrument reliability testing
• instrument validity testing
• theory-based determinants

• Female
• Humans
• Cancer Survivors
• Self Efficacy
• Reproducibility of Results
• Diet
• Breast Neoplasms
• Exercise
• Hispanic or Latino
• Surveys and Questionnaires

• R01CA186080 NCI NIH HHS
• UL1TR001873 NCATS NIH HHS

• Adult
• Humans
• Female
• Breast Neoplasms/therapy
• Cancer Survivors
• Quality of Life
• Self-Management
• Exercise
• Survivors

• Ministero della Salute

• body fat percentage
• body mass index
• mobile phone
• obesity
• overweight
• rehabilitation
• technology
• waist circumference
• weight loss

• Activity tracker
• Cancer
• Exercise
• Physical activity
• Wearable

• Actigraphy
• Cancer Survivors
• Exercise
• Feasibility Studies
• Fitness Trackers
• Humans
• Neoplasms
• Outcome Assessment, Health Care
• Quality of Life
• Wearable Electronic Devices

• Behaviour change techniques
• Breast cancer
• Exercise
• Physical activity
• Survivorship

• Adherence
• Aerobic exercise
• Breast cancer
• Lifestyle
• Physical activity
• Public health
• Secondary/tertiary prevention
• Strength training

Physical activity (PA) can help reduce side effects related to cancer whilst promoting quality of life. This qualitative study explored cancer survivors’ experiences in an 8-week group-based walking program with behavioural support that was delivered within the community to highlight factors central to successful adoption and sustainability of such programs.

Eleven cancer survivors who took part in the program before (n = 7) or during (n = 4) the COVID-19 pandemic were interviewed and asked to discuss their PA behaviour, motivation to join and complete the program, and experienced benefits and barriers, as well as offer feedback that could be incorporated into future programs. Interview transcripts were thematically analysed using a hybrid deductive-inductive approach.

Participants’ experiences were summarised into six themes: (1) PA behaviour and motivation were enhanced, (2) seeking accountability to take steps for better health, (3) mutual support encourages in-group bonding, (4) placing value on building PA confidence, (5) the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and (6) recommendations for future programs. By receiving social and behavioural support, and thus experiencing increased PA confidence, participants felt the program supported their PA behaviour. However, key differences were evident for participants attending the program during the pandemic.

Exploring strategies that foster a communal focus amongst participants within community-based walking programs may be beneficial. Moreover, findings underscore the value of offering PA programming (walking or otherwise) with behavioural support during a pandemic with appropriate safety measures, though social relationships may not be fully fostered.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00520-021-06529-7.

• Exercise behaviour
• Interviews
• Motivation
• Oncology
• Psychosocial
• Qualitative

• Behaviour change techniques
• Cancer survivorship
• Lifestyle intervention
• Social cognitive theory
• Theory coding scheme
• Transtheoretical model

• breast cancer
• physical activity
• radiation therapy
• reinforcing factor
• step counters
• wearable activity tracker

• Body image concerns
• Cancer survivorship
• Mediation effect
• Physical activity
• Psychological health

This study examines congruence between self-reported and device-measured physical activity data in women with early breast cancer and compares trajectories under different treatments.

Women with non-metastatic breast cancer were recruited before primary therapy. In four weeks distributed over six months after treatment start, patients reported time spent on work, transport, chores and sports via diary and wore Garmin^® vivofit 3 accelerometers to assess steps taken. Associations between these measures and agreement regarding guideline adherence were tested with Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient and Weighted Kappa statistic. Effects of time and treatment were evaluated using mixed analyses of variance.

Ninety-nine participants (median age = 50) were treated with adjuvant (N= 23), neoadjuvant (N= 21) or without chemotherapy (N= 55). Coherence between self-report and device data was strong (r = 0.566). Agreement about reaching recommendations was only “fair” (kappa coefficient = 0.321 and 0.249, resp.). Neither treatment or week nor their interaction had effects on step counts (all p > 0.05). Self-reported activity time was lower for patients with chemotherapy than for those without (adjuvant: ∆ = 69min, p= 0.006, neoadjuvant: ∆ = 45min, p= 0.038) and lower in week 18 than in week 3 (∆ = 43min, p= 0.010).

Results show that consumer-grade activity monitors and self-reports correlate but show different perspectives on physical activity in breast cancer patients. In general, patients perceive some decline regardless of primary treatment regimen. Those affected should be offered assistance to gain the benefits of activity. Accelerometers may help professionals to identify these individuals and patients to verify appraisal of their activity levels.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10549-021-06195-7.

• Accelerometer
• Activity monitoring
• Breast cancer
• Physical activity
• Primary treatment
• Self-report

Excess weight has been associated with increased morbidity and a worse prognosis in adult patients with early-stage cancer. The optimal lifestyle interventions to optimize anthropometric measures amongst cancer patients and survivors remain inconsistent.

To conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of exercise and dietary interventions alone or in combination on anthropometric measures of adult cancer patients and survivors.

A systematic search of Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Trials Registry was performed. Outcomes of interest included changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference. Screening and data collection were performed by two reviewers. Bayesian NMAs were performed.

Overall, 98 RCTs were included; 75 were incorporated in NMAs (n = 12,199). Groups of intervention strategies included: 3 exercise interventions, 8 dietary interventions, 7 combination interventions of diet and exercise and standard care. Median intervention duration was 26 weeks. NMA suggested that diet alone (mean difference [MD] -2.25kg, 95% CrI -3.43 to -0.91kg) and combination strategies (MD -2.52kg, 95% CrI -3.54 to -1.62kg) were associated with more weight loss compared to standard care. All dietary interventions achieved a similar magnitude of weight loss (MD range from -2.03kg to -2.52kg). Both diet alone and combination strategies demonstrated greater BMI reductions versus standard care, and each of diet alone, exercise alone and combination strategies demonstrated greater reductions in waist circumference than standard care.

Diet and exercise alone or in combination are effective lifestyle interventions to improve anthropometric measures in cancer patients and survivors. All reputable diets appear to be similarly effective to achieve weight loss.

• Exercise
• Humans
• Life Style
• Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Neoplasms/physiopathology
• Neoplasms/therapy
• Prognosis
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
• Weight Loss

• P30 CA008748 NCI NIH HHS
• R24 AT001293 NCCIH NIH HHS
• National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health of the National Institutes of Health

• Aerobic exercise
• Quality of Life
• breast cancer
• physical activity

• Breast Neoplasms/therapy
• Cancer Survivors/statistics & numerical data
• Exercise
• Female
• Humans
• Prognosis
• Quality of Life
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

• breast cancer survivors
• physical activity
• women

Regular physical activity (PA) has been recommended for the management of HIV and AIDS. The purpose of this study was to develop a contextualised intervention for promoting PA among women living with HIV and AIDS (WLWHA) of low socioeconomic status (SES). A secondary aim of the study was to optimise the PA intervention using behavioural theory/ frameworks derived from preliminary studies and the literature.

The Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) for designing behaviour change interventions was used. This method was further supplemented by evidence from the literature, systematic literature review (SLR), a concurrent mixed methods study and two cross-sectional studies. The SLR aided in determining the theoretical frameworks to inform the intervention, the specific PA behaviours to be targeted by the intervention, the intervention functions, the intervention policy category and the mode of delivery of the intervention. The concurrent mixed methods study was used to identify key factors that needed to change in order for participants to engage in regular PA. The first cross-sectional study was used to determine the gender to be targeted by the study. The second cross-sectional study was used to determine the domain and intensity of PA to target in the intervention.

A face-to-face context-sensitive PA intervention employing 14 behavioural change techniques was designed. The PA intervention (a) utilised the Transtheoretical model of behaviour change and the Social Cognitive theory as the underpinning theoretical frameworks (b) included convenient PAs, such as walking, doing simple home-based exercises, engaging in activities of daily living or doing simple exercises at the community centre (c) used education, reward, training in PA, modelling exercise activities and enablement to increase the opportunity to engage in PA as intervention functions (d) used service provision as policy priorities, and (e) used a direct face-to-face mode of delivery.

The PA intervention emphasises behavioural techniques for increasing PA participation, such as goal-setting, self-monitoring, strategies for overcoming PA barriers, social support and rewards. The intervention employs strategies that highlight low-cost local PA resources and opportunities to help HIV infected women of low SES to participate in PA. The BCW provides a useful and comprehensive framework for the development of evidence and theory-based PA interventions for PLWHA of low SES. The BCW can thus be used in the development of interventions that ‘talk’ to policy by bridging the health inequality gap.

• AIDS
• Behaviour change wheel
• HIV
• Physical activity
• Socioeconomic status

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of physiotherapy in patients who underwent oncological treatment including spirometric indicators: FEV1, VC, FVC, PEF, FEV1/FVC, FEF25, FEF50, FEF75. Moreover, the possible influence of duration of physiotherapy on ventilation activity of lungs was assessed.

The study considered 91 women after breast cancer therapy qualified for outpatient physiotherapy. All patients underwent radiation therapy, and more than half of the women received concurrent chemotherapy. To assess rates of respiratory disorders, the patients were subjected to spirometric tests. The clinical status of examined subjects was also taken into account.

Statistical analysis showed that the duration of physiotherapy contributed to increased ventilation index FEV1% – with each treatment day corresponding to an average of 1.8 units. In contrast, the involvement of lymph nodes radically reduced the level of PEF by as much as 64 units. The results of linear modelling provided evidence of statistically significant effects of chemotherapy on spirometric indicators. What is more, a statistically significant impact of time of rehabilitation on FEV1 increase was estimated.

Physiotherapy leads to improvement of lung functions in patients with breast cancer after oncological treatment; progress is more evident in patients with advanced cancer after radical treatment.

• breast cancer
• dyspnoea
• physiotherapy

• Adult
• Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects
• Breast Neoplasms/chemically induced
• Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
• Breast Neoplasms/mortality
• Breast Neoplasms/psychology
• Cancer Survivors/psychology
• Cancer Survivors/statistics & numerical data
• Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis
• Cognitive Dysfunction/rehabilitation
• Exercise Therapy/methods
• Female
• Humans
• Middle Aged
• Neuropsychological Tests
• Quality of Life
• Self Report/statistics & numerical data
• Self-Management/methods
• Treatment Outcome
• Walking

The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate how physical activity (PA) can be effectively promoted in cancer survivors. The effect of PA-promoting interventions in general, behavior change techniques (BCTs), and further variables as moderators in particular are evaluated.

This study included randomized controlled trials of lifestyle interventions aiming at an increase in PA that can be carried out independently at home, published by December 2016, for adults diagnosed with cancer after completion of the main treatment. Primary outcomes were subjective and objective measures of PA prior to and immediately after the intervention. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were used to estimate effect sizes (ES) in terms of standardized mean differences, variation between ES in terms of heterogeneity indices (I²), and moderator effects in terms of regression coefficients.

This study included 30 studies containing 45 ES with an overall significant small positive effect size of 0.28 (95% confidence interval=0.18–0.37) on PA, and I²=54.29%. The BCTs Prompts, Reduce prompts, Graded tasks, Non-specific reward, and Social reward were significantly related to larger effects, while Information about health consequences and Information about emotional consequences, as well as Social comparison were related to smaller ES. The number of BCTs per intervention did not predict PA effects. Interventions based on the Theory of Planned Behavior were associated with smaller ES, and interventions with a home-based setting component were associated with larger ES. Neither the duration of the intervention nor the methodological quality explained differences in ES.

Certain BCTs were associated with an increase of PA in cancer survivors. Interventions relying on BCTs congruent with (social) learning theory such as using prompts and rewards could be especially successful in this target group. However, large parts of between-study heterogeneity in ES remained unexplained. Further primary studies should directly compare specific BCTs and their combinations.

• behavior change
• exercise
• intervention methods
• lifestyle
• moderator effects
• tumor

Accurate evaluation of patients’ health status is a key component of the workup, treatment, and follow-up of cancer patients. Assessments by clinicians (eg, performance status, toxicity grade) and patients (eg, quality of life) play a critical role in current practice but have significant limitations. Technological advances now provide an opportunity to track a new class of objective measures of patient activity, such as daily step counts. Here, we describe recent efforts to incorporate this technology into the field of oncology.

We conducted a structured literature search using MEDLINE electronic database to identify published observational studies of tracking steps in cancer patients and trials of exercise programs for cancer survivors incorporating pedometers until February 2016.

Data indicate that physical activity information may supplant existing scales for the assessment of cancer patients’ functional capacity.

Objective activity monitoring is poised to revolutionize the way health care providers assess cancer patients at the time of diagnosis, during treatment, and in the survivorship setting.

• cancer
• fitness trackers
• pedometers
• performance status

• Breast cancer
• Cancer survivorship
• Complex intervention
• Health behaviour
• Physical activity
• Rehabilitation

• 14133 Cancer Research UK
• CGA/16/14 Chief Scientist Office
• Breast Cancer Now

• Exercise behavior
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma
• M-PAC
• Physical activity

• Anxiety/therapy
• Breast Neoplasms/psychology
• Breast Neoplasms/therapy
• Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
• Depression/therapy
• Exercise
• Fatigue/etiology
• Female
• Humans
• Physical Fitness
• Prognosis
• Quality of Life
• Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
• Resistance Training

• Cancer
• Cancer survivorship
• Oncology trials
• Outcome assessment
• Physical activity
• Wearable activity monitors
• Wearable technology

• Cancer Survivors
• Energy Metabolism
• Exercise
• Heart Rate
• Humans
• Neoplasms/therapy
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
• Sleep
• Wearable Electronic Devices

• R21 AG053198 NIA NIH HHS

• breast
• cancer
• exercise training
• methodology
• review

• Activity trackers
• Breast cancer survivors
• Physical activity
• Sedentary behaviour
• Wearable technology

• Maximal oxygen uptake
• breast cancer
• intervention
• physical activity

• behavioral theories
• breast cancer
• cancer prevention and screening
• chronic disease management
• health behavior
• physical activity/exercise
• research design

• Breast neoplasms
• Physical activity
• Randomised controlled trial

Physical activity reduces risk for numerous negative health outcomes, but postmenopausal breast cancer survivors do not reach recommended levels. Many interventions encourage self-monitoring of steps, which can increase physical activity in the short term. However, these interventions appear insufficient to increase motivation for sustained change. There is a need for innovative strategies to increase physical activity motivation in this population. Narratives are uniquely persuasive, and video games show promise for increasing motivation. This study will determine the effectiveness of an intervention that combines narrative and gaming to encourage sustained physical activity.

SMARTGOAL (Self-Monitoring Activity: a Randomized Trial of Game-Oriented AppLications) is a randomized controlled intervention trial. The intervention period is six months, followed by a six month maintenance period. Participants (overweight, sedentary postmenopausal breast cancer survivors aged 45–75) will be randomized to a self-monitoring group or an enhanced narrative game group. The self-monitoring group will be encouraged to use a mobile application for self-monitoring and feedback and will receive 15 counseling phone calls emphasizing self-regulation. The narrative game group will be encouraged to use a mobile application that includes self-monitoring and feedback as well as a narrative-based active video game. The 15 calls for this group will emphasize concepts related to the game storyline. Counseling calls in both groups will occur weekly in months 1 – 3 and monthly in months 4 – 6. No counseling calls will occur after month 6, but both groups will be encouraged to continue using their apps. The primary outcome of the study is minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity at six months. Other objectively measured outcomes include fitness and physical function. Self-reported outcomes include quality of life, depression, and motivation.

This protocol will result in implementation and evaluation of two technology-based physical activity interventions among breast cancer survivors. Both interventions hold promise for broad dissemination. Understanding the potential benefit of adding narrative and game elements to interventions will provide critical information to interventionists, researchers, clinicians, and policymakers. This study is uniquely suited to investigate not just whether but how and why game elements may improve breast cancer survivors’ health.

clinicaltrials.gov NCT02341235 (January 9, 2015)

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2244-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

• aerobic fitness
• affect
• competence
• exercise intensity production
• ratings of perceived exertion
• self-determination

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Aged
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Exercise/psychology
• Female
• Health Surveys
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Neoplasms/psychology
• Neoplasms/therapy
• Social Support
• Survivors/psychology
• Survivors/statistics & numerical data
• United States
• Young Adult

• K01 CA155417 NCI NIH HHS
• P30 CA051008 NCI NIH HHS

• Cancer
• exercise
• physical activity
• recovery
• rehabilitation

• Broad-reach
• Cancer survivors
• Diet
• Physical activity
• Telephone
• Weight loss