Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. Jun 9, 2020; 11(2): 8-16
Published online Jun 9, 2020. doi: 10.4292/wjgpt.v11.i2.8
Table 1 Causes of gastric outlet obstruction
BenignMalignant
Peptic ulcer diseaseGastric cancer
Caustic ingestionGastric lymphoma
NSAID induced stricturePancreas cancer
Bouveret syndromeDuodenal cancer
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosisCholangiocarcinoma
IatrogenicGallbladder cancer
Post-surgical scar or anastomosis strictureMetastatic cancer
Endoscopic submucosal dissection
Endoscopic mucosal resection
Inflammatory causes
Crohn’s disease
Pancreatitis
Inflammatory polyps
Infectious causes
Tuberculosis gastroenteritis
CMV gastroenteritis
Infiltrative causes
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis
Amyloidosis
Table 2 Treatment of gastric outlet obstruction based upon the underlying cause
Underlying causeTreatment
Benign
Peptic ulcer diseasePPI ± HPE (1st option)EBD or surgery (2nd option)
Crohn diseaseCorticosteroid (1st option)EBD or surgery (2nd option)
Caustic ingestionEBD or surgery
Bouveret syndromeSurgery or endoscopic removal
Large gastric polypEndoscopic resection
Malignant
PalliativeEndoscopic stent (covered or uncovered)
EUS-guided gastroenterostomy
Surgical resection, surgical bypass (gastrojejunostomy)
Radiation therapy
CurativeSurgery
Chemotherapy (for lymphoma)