Faecal incontinence: Current knowledges and perspectives

Table 1 Main aetiologic factors for faecal incontinence

Localized perineal pathologies

Sphincter injury

Traumatic lesion (obstetric lesion, sexual abuse)

Surgical lesion (anal fistula surgery, hemorrhoidectomy, anal sphincterotomy)

Anoperineal lesion in Crohn’s disease

Anal cancer

Pudendal neuropathy

Obstetric lesion

Dyschezia

Deficient rectal function

Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases

Radiation proctitis

Rectal cancer

Faecal impaction

Rectal surgery (anterior rectal resection, ileoanal pouch surgery)

Rectal prolapse

General pathologies

Acute or chronic diarrhea

Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases

Irritable bowel syndrome

Coeliac disease

Infectious diarrhea

Bile acid induced

Neurological diseases

Central (post stroke lesion, multiple sclerosis, medullary lesions)

Peripheral (diabetic or alcoholic neuropathy)

Systemic diseases (systemic sclerosis)