• Humans
• Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/diagnosis
• Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/etiology
• Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects
• Clinical Trials as Topic
• Neoplasms/drug therapy
• Practice Guidelines as Topic
• Liver Function Tests/methods

• Alanine aminotransferase
• Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease
• Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
• Risk marker
• Screening

• Humans
• Biomarkers/blood
• Alanine Transaminase/blood
• Liver/diagnostic imaging
• Liver/pathology
• Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/diagnosis
• Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/blood
• Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/epidemiology
• Risk Factors
• Obesity/complications
• Obesity/diagnosis
• Obesity/blood
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology
• Early Diagnosis

• Litopenaeus vannamei
• Biochemical indicators
• Cell apoptosis
• Low-temperature stress
• Metabolomics

• Animals
• Penaeidae/metabolism
• Penaeidae/physiology
• Apoptosis
• Metabolomics/methods
• Cold-Shock Response
• Cold Temperature
• Metabolome
• Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism

• 32072996 and 32260916 National Natural Science Foundation of China
• AA23062046 Guangxi Science and Technology Major Special Project
• CARS-48 Modern Agroindustry Technology Research System of China

• Alanine aminotransferase
• Biomarker
• History of medicine
• Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease
• Metabolism
• Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
• Reference range
• Sex differences
• Steatotic liver disease

• Humans
• Biomarkers/blood
• Alanine Transaminase/blood
• Male
• Female
• Metabolic Syndrome/blood
• Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis
• Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology
• Sex Factors
• Fatty Liver/blood
• Fatty Liver/diagnosis
• Fatty Liver/epidemiology
• Liver/pathology
• Incidence
• Reference Values
• Predictive Value of Tests

• cinnamon
• cobalt
• heart
• kidney
• liver
• oxidative damage

• allograft dysfunction
• liver function tests
• liver transplantation
• rejection

• anti-inflammatory
• dairy cows
• lentinan
• metabolome

• 2023-KFKT-3 National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy

• Biomarkers
• COVID-19
• LC-MS/MS
• SARS-CoV-2
• proteomics

• anti-allergic
• anti-inflammatory
• anti-oxidative
• hepatoprotective effects
• rosmarinic acid

• AST, aspartate aminotransferase
• Alanine aminotransferase
• Ambient air pollution
• Aspartate aminotransferase
• BMI, body mass index
• CHAP, ChinaHighAirPollutants
• CI, confidence interval
• CO, carbon monoxide
• FBG, fasting blood glucose
• HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
• IQR, interquartile range
• LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
• Liver enzymes
• NO(2), nitrogen dioxide
• O(3), ozone
• OR, odds ratio
• Older adults Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase
• PM(10), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 µm
• PM(2.5), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm
• SD, standardized deviation
• SO(2), sulfur dioxide
• TC, total cholesterol
• TG, triglyceride
• WC, waist circumference

• Adverse outcomes
• Aging
• Frailty
• Transaminases

• Aged
• Alanine Transaminase
• Aspartate Aminotransferases
• Cause of Death
• Humans
• Prospective Studies
• Risk Assessment

• alanine aminotransferase
• chronic liver diseases
• complementary biomarker
• dithiothreitol-oxidizing capacity
• sulfhydryl oxidase

D-lactate dehydrogenase (D-LDH) is widely used for the clinical detection of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity. It is a key enzyme in ALT detection kits, and its enzymatic properties directly determine sensitivity and accuracy of such kits. In this study, D-lactate dehydrogenase (WP_011543503, ldLDH) coding sequence derived from Lactobacillus delbrueckii was obtained from the NCBI database by gene mining. LdLDH was expressed and purified in Escherichia coli, and its enzyme activity, kinetic parameters, optimum temperature, and pH were characterized. Furthermore, stabilizers, including sugars, polyols, amino acids, certain salts, proteins, and polymers, were screened to improve stability of ldLDH during freeze-drying and storage. Finally, a kit based on ldLDH was tested to determine whether the enzyme had potential clinical applications. The results showed that ldLDH had a specific activity of 1,864 U/mg, K_m value of 1.34 mM, optimal reaction temperature of 55°C, and an optimal pH between 7.0 and 7.5. When sucrose or asparagine was used as a stabilizer, freeze-dried ldLDH remained stable at 37°C for > 2 months without significant loss of enzymatic activity. These results indicated that ldLDH possesses high activity and stability. Test results using the ALT assay kit prepared with ldLDH were consistent with those of commercial kits, with a relative deviation <5%. These results indicated that ldLDH met the primary requirements for ALT assays, laying a foundation for the development of new ALT kits with potential clinical applications.

• ALT kit
• D-lactate dehydrogenase
• enzymatic characterization
• stabilizer

• ALT
• AST
• GWAS
• interaction
• liver disease

• Alanine Transaminase/blood
• Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood
• Body Mass Index
• Genome-Wide Association Study
• Humans

• MC_PC_17228 Medical Research Council
• MC_QA137853 Medical Research Council
• Regeneron Pharmaceuticals

This study was conducted to investigate the positive effect of silymarin on liver enzymes and antioxidant status in trauma patients with elevated liver enzymes due to trauma-induced liver injury, admitted to the intensive care unit.

This one-year, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 90 trauma patients. The participants were assigned to either receiving Livergol tablets containing 140 mg of silymarin or 140 mg of placebo three times daily for 14 days. Liver enzymes, including aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), were measured at baseline and days 3, 7, 9 and 14 after intervention. Also, antioxidant markers were measured at baseline and day 14 after treatment.

Receiving silymarin supplement significantly lowered the liver enzymes, compared to placebo (p < 0.05). The mean serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly decreased and the mean serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and thiol groups were significantly increased in the silymarin group from baseline to day 14. In the placebo group, mean serum levels of MDA and thiol groups were significantly increased, while serum level of TAC was not significantly changed at day 14, compared to baseline. Also, the mean serum level of MDA was significantly lower, while the serum levels of thiol groups and TAC were significantly higher in the silymarin group.

Silymarin supplementation significantly improved some antioxidant markers (TAC and thiol) and decreased liver enzymes in patients with trauma-induced liver injury.

• antioxidant status
• liver enzymes
• liver injury
• silymarin
• trauma

• Alanine transaminase
• Body mass index
• Celiac disease
• Hepatocytes
• Metabolic syndrome
• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
• Obesity
• Prevalence
• Public health
• Tissue transglutaminase

• Adult
• Age Factors
• Alanine Transaminase/blood
• Biomarkers/blood
• Celiac Disease/diagnosis
• Celiac Disease/epidemiology
• Female
• Humans
• India/epidemiology
• Liver Diseases/diagnosis
• Liver Diseases/epidemiology
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Prevalence
• Prospective Studies
• Public Health/statistics & numerical data
• Sex Factors
• Young Adult

• Dexamethasone
• Lupus nephritis
• Nanomedicine
• Prodrug
• Side effects
• ZSJ-0228

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is referred as liver transaminase and predominantly expressed by hepatocytes. Previous evidences showed that high levels of ALT were reversely associated with short- and long-term outcomes in patients with myocardial infarction. Besides, low lymphocyte has been demonstrated to be significantly correlated with adverse clinical outcomes in coronary artery disease (CAD). However, evidences about the relationship between ALT-to-lymphocyte ratio (ALR) and outcomes in CAD patients with normal liver function are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between ALR and clinical outcomes in patients with CAD.

This is a retrospective cohort study, and a total of 3561 patients were enrolled in Clinical Outcomes and Risk Factors of Patients with CAD after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), from January 2013 to December 2017. After excluding patients with liver dysfunction, we finally enrolled 2714 patients. These patients were divided into two groups according to ALR value: the lower group (ALR < 14.06, n = 1804) and the higher group (ALR ≥ 14.06, n = 910). The average follow-up time was 37.59 ± 22.24 months.

We found that there were significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of all-cause mortality (ACM) (P < 0.001) and cardiac mortality (CM) (P=0.010). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis suggested that CAD patients with higher ALR tended to have an increased accumulated risk of ACM and CM (log rank P < 0.001 and P=0.006, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that ALR was an independent predictor of ACM (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.017 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.289–3.158), P=0.002) and CM (HR = 1.862 (95% CI: 1.047–3.313), P=0.034). We did not find significant difference in the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) between the two groups after adjustments of confounders.

Our results indicate that ALR is an independent predictor of long-term adverse outcomes in CAD patients who underwent PCI.

• Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/diagnosis
• Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/epidemiology
• Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/therapy
• Clinical Trials as Topic/methods
• Clinical Trials as Topic/standards
• Disease Management
• Humans
• Liver Function Tests/methods
• Liver Function Tests/standards
• Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/diagnosis
• Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/epidemiology
• Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/therapy
• Practice Guidelines as Topic/standards

• ALT
• LFT, Liver Function Test
• NAFLD
• TC, Total Cholesterol
• TG, Triglyceride
• fatty liver
• metabolic syndrome
• nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
• transaminases

• Fatty liver
• SGLT2 inhibitors
• Type 2 diabetes mellitus

• ABCA1 I883M
• ALT
• LPL HindIII
• hyperlipidemia
• polymorphism

To investigate whether serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels within normal range were associated with augmentation index (AIx) and cardiometabolic risk factors in nondrinkers and drinkers in Chinese community-dwelling population.

There were 4165 participants with serum ALT levels within normal range.

Alcohol drinking was observed in 1173 participants (28.2%). In multivariate analysis, serum ALT levels of nondrinkers were independently associated with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), and AIx, while serum ALT levels of drinkers were independently associated with age, sex, BMI, triglyceride, and LDL-c (p < 0.05 for all).

Associations of serum ALT levels within normal range with age, sex, body height and weight, and blood lipid were simultaneously present in participants with and without alcohol drinking, while associations of serum ALT levels within normal range with AIx, blood pressure, and glucose were seen in nondrinkers rather than in drinkers. These findings not only provide the evidence that serum ALT levels, even within the normal range, have different associations with arteriosclerosis and cardiometabolic risk factors in nondrinkers and drinkers but also are helpful in understanding the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms linking the hepatic function to arteriosclerosis and cardiometabolic risk factors.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a common medical condition worldwide and its prevalence has increased notably in the past few years due to the increases in prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, diagnosis of this disease is still a matter of debate because of disease variations and pathophysiologic alterations. Specific single markers have gained considerable attention recently, among them markers related to hepatic pathophysiology, inflammation, adipocytokines and so forth. But, it seems that no single marker is sufficient for diagnosis and staging of the disease, and applying a panel including different types of tests may be more useful.

• Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
• Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
• Liver fibrosis
• Cirrhosis

• Alanine Transaminase/blood
• Alkaline Phosphatase/blood
• Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood
• Bilirubin/blood
• Biopsy
• Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/blood
• Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/diagnosis
• Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/pathology
• Cholestasis/blood
• Cholestasis/diagnosis
• Cholestasis/pathology
• Hemochromatosis/blood
• Hemochromatosis/diagnosis
• Hemochromatosis/pathology
• Hepatitis, Autoimmune/blood
• Hepatitis, Autoimmune/diagnosis
• Hepatitis, Autoimmune/pathology
• Hepatitis, Viral, Human/blood
• Hepatitis, Viral, Human/diagnosis
• Hepatitis, Viral, Human/pathology
• Hepatolenticular Degeneration/blood
• Hepatolenticular Degeneration/diagnosis
• Hepatolenticular Degeneration/pathology
• Humans
• Liver/metabolism
• Liver/pathology
• Liver Diseases/blood
• Liver Diseases/diagnosis
• Liver Diseases/pathology
• Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/blood
• Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/diagnosis
• Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/pathology
• Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/blood
• Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/diagnosis
• Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology
• alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/blood
• alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/diagnosis
• alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/pathology

• Adaptive Immunity
• Animals
• Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
• Hepatitis B virus/immunology
• Hepatitis B, Chronic/immunology
• Hepatitis B, Chronic/therapy
• Humans
• Immunity, Innate
• Immunotherapy/methods

Background: Both the serum uric acid (SUA) level and elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are related to metabolic syndrome. However, the association between SUA and elevated ALT has not been elucidated in the general population. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between SUA and elevated ALT in the general population of China; Methods: A total of 11,572 adults (≥35 years of age) participated in this survey. Elevated ALT was defined as >40 U/L. SUA ≥ 7.0 mg/dL in males or ≥6.0 mg/dL in females was defined as hyperuricemia. SUA within the reference range was divided into quartiles, and its associations with elevated ALT were evaluated by logistic regressions; Results: A total of 7.4% participants had elevated ALT. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 14.9% in males and 7.3% in females. There was a significantly positive dose-response association between SUA levels and the prevalence of elevated ALT. After adjusting for potential confounders, a positive relationship for elevated ALT was observed in subjects with hyperuricemia (odds ratio [OR]: 2.032, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.443–2.861 for men; OR: 2.045, 95% CI: 1.221–3.425 for women, both p < 0.05). Within the reference range, the association between SUA and elevated ALT persisted in the fourth quartile (OR: 1.467, 95% CI: 1.063–2.025 for men; OR: 1.721, 95% CI: 1.146–2.585 for women, both p < 0.05); Conclusions: Our results indicated that an increased SUA level, even within the reference range, was independently associated with elevated ALT in Chinese adults.

• alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
• hyperuricemia
• serum alanine aminotransferase
• serum uric acid

• Adult
• Alanine
• Alanine Transaminase/blood
• Alanine Transaminase/metabolism
• Asian People
• China/epidemiology
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Female
• Humans
• Hyperuricemia/blood
• Logistic Models
• Male
• Metabolic Syndrome/blood
• Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology
• Middle Aged
• Odds Ratio
• Prevalence
• Reference Values
• Uric Acid/blood

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) predicts type 2 diabetes but it is uncertain whether it also predicts gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We recruited 17359 Chinese women with ALT measured in their first trimester. At 24–28 weeks of gestation, all women underwent a 50-gram 1-hour glucose challenge test (GCT) followed by a 75-gram 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test if GCT result was ≥7.8 mmol/L. Restricted cubic spline analysis was used to examine full-range risk associations of ALT levels with GDM. Relative excess risk due to interaction, attributable proportion due to interaction and synergy index were used to estimate additive interaction between high ALT and overweight/obesity for GDM. Finally, 1332 (7.7%) women had GDM. ALT levels were positively associated with GDM risk without a clear threshold. Using ALT levels <22 U/L as the referent, the middle ALT levels (≥22 to <40 U/L) [odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence intervals): 1.41(1.21–1.65)] and high ALT levels (≥40 U/L) [1.62 (1.31–2.00)] were associated with increased GDM risk. Maternal overweight/obesity greatly enhanced the OR of ALT ≥22 U/L from 1.44 (1.23–1.69) to 3.46 (2.79–4.29) with significant additive interactions. In conclusion, elevated ALT levels in the first trimester even within normal range predicted GDM risk, further enhanced by overweight/obesity.

• androgen
• hepatic steatosis
• liver enzyme
• nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
• polycystic ovary syndrome

Objective. Alanine Aminotransferase is an enzyme associated with not only liver diseases, liver conditions, and metabolic syndrome, but also inflammation. Periodontitis is associated with increased cytokines and other markers of inflammation. The purpose of this study is to determine if an independent association between Alanine Aminotransferase and periodontitis exists. Methods. Data from the 2009-2010 and 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Surveys (NHANES) were combined. Data concerning periodontitis and Alanine Aminotransferase were extracted and analyzed with Rao Scott Chi-square and logistic regressions. Serum Alanine Aminotransferase was dichotomized at 40 units/liter, and periodontitis was dichotomized to the presence or absence of periodontitis. Results. In bivariate Chi-square analyses, periodontitis and Alanine Aminotransferase were associated (p = 0.0360) and remained significant in unadjusted logistic regression (OR = 1.30 [95% CI: 1.02, 1.65]). However, when other known risk factors of periodontitis were included in the analyses, the relationship attenuated and failed to reach significance (adjusted OR = 1.17 [95% CI: 0.85, 1.60]). Conclusion. Our study adds to the literature a positive but attenuated association of serum Alanine Aminotransferase with periodontitis which failed to reach significance when other known, strong risk factors of periodontitis were included in the analysis.

• alanine aminotransferase
• body mass index
• cross-sectional
• waist circumference
• waist-to-height ratio

• Adult
• Alanine Transaminase/blood
• Asian People
• Body Mass Index
• China/epidemiology
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Female
• Humans
• Male
• Predictive Value of Tests
• Rural Population
• Sex Factors
• Waist Circumference
• Waist-Height Ratio
• Waist-Hip Ratio

Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels may be associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between elevated ALT levels and cardiometabolic risk factors in a rural Chinese population.

This was a cross-sectional study conducted from July 2012 to August 2013, including 11,573 subjects (5,357 men and 6,216 women) aged ≥35 years in rural areas of Liaoning Province. A physical examination was performed and metabolic indicators were examined under standard protocols. Subjects were divided into those with elevated ALT levels (>40U/L) and those with normal ALT levels (≤40U/L).

Participants with elevated ALT levels had higher levels of almost all cardiometabolic risk factors than those with normal ALT levels. In individuals with elevated ALT levels, weight, height, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI), which are indicators for general and abdominal obesity, were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than those in individuals with normal ALT levels. There was no significant difference in race, current smoking, or physical activity between the two groups. Other cardiometabolic risk factors, such as systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose, TC, TG, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and serum uric acid levels, were higher in participants with elevated ALT levels than in those with normal ALT levels. Logistic regression analysis showed that male sex, younger age, and the presence of high TC, high TG, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, current smoking status, BMI ≥25 kg/m², abdominal obesity, hyperuricemia, and HtgW phenotype were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with elevated ALT levels. Sex-related differences were also investigated. For men, hypertension (OR 1.33, 95 % CI 1.08–1.62), high TC levels (OR 1.63, 95 % CI 1.23–2.17), high TG levels (OR 1.62, 95 % CI 1.25–2.09), BMI ≥25 kg/m² (OR 1.52, 95 % CI 1.07–2.18), and hyperuricemia (OR 1.92, 95 % CI 1.52–2.40) were significantly (p < 0.05) related to elevated serum ALT levels, but this was not observed in women.

There are significant relationships of elevated ALT levels with cardiometabolic risk factors and several sex-related differences in rural Chinese. Elevated serum ALT levels are associated with a worse cardiac risk profile.

The vaccination program against hepatitis B virus (HBV) has greatly reduced the incidence of HBV infection. However, almost one-fourth of the HBV infected patients worldwide are still located in China. The healthcare burden from chronic HBV infection is a big challenge for the Chinese government and clinicians. Antiviral therapy plays a central role in controlling chronic HBV infection and preventing the disease progression. However, due to the specific economic and medical system issues, the first-line antiviral agents recommended by the AASLD and EASL have not been widely used for Chinese patients. In this review, we will discuss some key issues in the area of antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B in China.

• follow-up study
• gallstone disease (gsd)
• incidence density
• predictive factors
• screening

• Adult
• Age Factors
• Aged
• Asian People
• Body Mass Index
• Cohort Studies
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology
• Female
• Follow-Up Studies
• Gallstones/epidemiology
• Humans
• Incidence
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/epidemiology
• Overweight/epidemiology
• Proportional Hazards Models
• Risk Factors
• Taiwan/epidemiology

• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Agriculture/trends
• Alanine Transaminase/blood
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Female
• Fisheries
• Hospitals, Teaching/trends
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Population Surveillance/methods
• Prevalence
• Risk Factors
• Taiwan/epidemiology

• ALT
• activity
• serum alanine aminotransferase

• Adult
• Alanine Transaminase/metabolism
• Female
• Humans
• Liver/enzymology
• Liver/metabolism
• Male
• Saudi Arabia
• Tissue Donors
• Young Adult