Immediate post-microwave ablation computed tomography model may better predict short-term response of stage I non-small cell lung cancer

Table 1 Patient demographic and clinical characteristics

Clinical features	n (%)
Gender
Female	26 (52)
Male	24 (48)
Age, median (range) (years) 69 (50-84)
≤ 65	15 (30)
65-80	28 (56)
≥ 81	7 (14)
Age (mean ± SD)	68.56 ± 11.68
Pathological type
Adenocarcinoma	39 (78)
Squamous cell carcinoma	11 (22)
T stage
T1	47 (94)
T2	3 (6)
Smoker
Yes	21 (42)
No	29 (58)

Table 2 Results of feature selection for pre-microwave ablation computed tomography radiomics predicting 6-month local tumor progression

Image features	No progress		Progress
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Wavelet-HHL/glszm/LALGLE	14320.75	30365.52	108574.87	235623.06
Wavelet-LLH/gldm/DE	6.14	0.44	6.46	0.33
Wavelet-HLL/glszm/LAHGLE	1698565.88	2731697.10	9608440.19	12803613.18

LALGLE: Large area low gray level emphasis; DE: Dependence entropy; LAHGLE: Large Area high gray level emphasis; HHL: High-high-low.

Table 3 Results of feature selection for post-microwave ablation computed tomography radiomics predicting 6-month local tumor progression

Image features	No progress		Progress
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Wavelet-HHH/glcm/IV	0.48	0.01	0.49	0.01
Original/shape/M2DDC	43.05	17.87	67.60	39.65
Wavelet-LLL/glcm/MP	0.004	0.003	0.013	0.009

HHH: High-high-high; IV: Inverse variance; M2DDC: Maximum 2D diameter column; LLL: Low-low-low; MP: Maximum probability.

Table 4 Comparative performance of five predictive models

Performance measures	Models
	Pre-MWA CT radiomics	Pre-MWA CT + clinical variables	Post-MWA CT radiomics	Post-MWA CT + clinical variables
Youden	0.47	0.71	0.71	0.73
Sensitivity	0.60	0.80	1.00	1.00
Specificity	0.87	0.91	0.71	0.73
Accuracy	0.84	0.90	0.74	0.76
NPV	0.95	0.98	1.00	1.00
PPV	0.33	0.50	0.28	0.29
True positive	3	4	5	5
False positive	6	4	13	12
True negative	39	41	32	33
False negative	2	1	0	0
AUC	0.689	0.849	0.849	0.907

MWA: Microwave ablation; CT: Computed tomography; NPV: Negative predictive value; PPV: Positive-predictive value; AUC: Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.