Cardio-thoracic imaging and COVID-19 in the pediatric population: A narrative review

Table 1 Differences of coronavirus disease 2019 relevant characteristics between adult and pediatric population

	Adults	Pediatric age group
Epidemiology	97%-98% of 962 million (worldwide)	About 2% < 18 yr
Clinical presentation	Respiratory symptoms frequent	Respiratory symptoms not frequent
	Multisystem inflammatory toxic syndrome not frequent	Multisystem inflammatory toxic syndrome typical (MIS-C)
Pleuro-pericardial involvement	Not frequent	Frequent
Myocardial dysfunction	Not frequent	Frequent in the context of MIS-C
Chest X-RAY	Routinely done, good sensitivity	Low sensitivity
	GGO sub-pleural	GGO sub-pleural basal
	Nodular consolidation	Nodular consolidation not frequent
	Peri-bronchial thickening not frequent	Peri-bronchial thickening frequent
	Pleural effusion rare	Pleural effusion possible
CT	High sensitivity	Good sensitivity, performed inly in selected cases
	GGO sub-pleural	GGO sub-pleural basal
	Nodular consolidation	Nodular consolidation not frequent
	Peri-bronchial thickening not frequent	Peri-bronchial thickening frequent
	Pleural effusion rare	Pleural effusion possible
Suggested screening modality	Low-dose CT	Bed-side echo

MIS-C: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children; GGO: Ground glass opacities; CT: Computer tomography.