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Gawryszuk A, van der Laan HP, Vergeer MR, Veening M, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, Rinkel RN, Steenbakkers RJHM, van den Hoek JGM, Wedman J, van der Schaaf A, Langendijk JA. Improved NTCP model for late radiation-induced aspiration based on dose delivered to specific aspiration-related OARs. Radiother Oncol 2025; 207:110871. [PMID: 40157543 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2025.110871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2025] [Accepted: 03/22/2025] [Indexed: 04/01/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Radiation-induced aspiration is a serious complication following (chemo)radiation for head and neck cancer. The standard set of swallowing organs at risk (SWOARs) does not include all aspiration-related organs (OARs). An alternative proposed in earlier work includes a definition and delineation atlas for additional OARs, called Functional Swallowing Units (FSU). The purpose of this study was to compare two NTCP models for late aspiration, based on either SWOARs only or the FSU concept. METHODS AND MATERIALS Data from 189 patients were analysed. Aspiration at baseline (Asp_T0) and 6 months after treatment (Asp_T6) were scored according to Penetration Aspiration Scale (PAS). All SWOARs and FSUs were delineated and the DVH was recorded. Clinical factors and average dose (Dmean) to all aspiration-related OARs were included in multivariable analysis. Two models were built, model 1: including clinical factors and SWOARs only and model 2: including clinical factors, SWOARs and FSUs. RESULTS Both final models included Asp_T0 and Dmean to the supraglottic larynx as predictors. Model 2 included the dose to three additional OARs as a predictor: 1) Anterior Segment (floor of mouth/ thyrohyoid muscles) 2) hyoglossus/styloglossus muscles complex (HSG) 3) upper oesophageal sphincter (UES). Adding FSUs to model 1 resulted in significant model updates and model 2 performed better than model 1 (AUC 0.79 vs. 0.75). CONCLUSION NTCP models for late aspiration may be improved by including the dose to aspiration-related OARs, defined by the FSU concept. In addition to the supraglottic larynx, sparing of the Anterior Segment, HSG and UES could further decrease the risk of radiation-induced aspiration, but this remains to be confirmed in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Gawryszuk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands.
| | - Hans Paul van der Laan
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands
| | - Marije R Vergeer
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Veening
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands
| | - Irma M Verdonck-de Leeuw
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rico N Rinkel
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roel J H M Steenbakkers
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna G M van den Hoek
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Wedman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Otolaryngology, Speech Language Pathology, the Netherlands
| | - Arjen van der Schaaf
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Langendijk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands
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Han Y, Zhou Y, Gao W, Wang D. A novel approach using acupuncture for dysphagia after brainstem stroke: A CARE-compliant case report. Explore (NY) 2025; 21:103155. [PMID: 40139058 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2025.103155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2025] [Accepted: 03/16/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysphagia is a common sequela of brainstem stroke, often leading to complications such as aspiration pneumonia and malnutrition. Traditional rehabilitation methods may not be effective for all patients, necessitating alternative therapeutic approaches. Herein, we report a case of acupuncture for dysphagia after brainstem stroke. CASE DESCRIPTION In this report, we describe a 61-year-old male patient with persistent dysphagia, aspiration during water intake, and hoarseness following acute brainstem infarction. Despite undergoing thrombolysis and rehabilitation, his swallowing function remained unimproved. A videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) demonstrated substantial barium residue in bilateral valleculae and pyriform sinuses with significant aspiration. The patient received 14 days of acupuncture therapy, combining electrical stimulation at primary acupoints in the cephalocervical region with rapid needling techniques at extraordinary points in the cervical area. Post-treatment evaluation revealed remarkable improvement in swallowing function with complete resolution of aspiration, enabling nasogastric tube removal. Three-month follow-up confirmed sustained normal swallowing function without recurrence. CONCLUSION The innovative acupuncture treatment regimen we proposed may be a promising therapeutic option for dysphagia after brainstem stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Han
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yihao Zhou
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Weibin Gao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dongyan Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Debry C, Brenet E, Martinod E, Lavalle P, Dupret-Bories A, Schultz P, Fath L. First example of airway restoration using cryopreserved aortic allograft after total laryngectomy: CARE case report. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2025; 142:147-151. [PMID: 39658501 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2024.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2024]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 70 year-old woman presenting T4aN2cM0 laryngeal carcinoma first underwent total laryngectomy with airway reconstruction by cryopreserved aortic allograft. Six months after chemoradiotherapy, she underwent endoscopic surgery to create a neo-laryngopharynx. RESULTS At 13 months after primary surgery, day- and night-time breathing was effectively restored, with a little persistent salivary false passage, and a whispering but comprehensible voice after tracheostomy closure. Swallowing was possible for small amounts of soft food, thanks to sustained rehabilitation, although normal feeding was not achieved. The patient showed no episodes of pneumopathy. General health status was good, with no oncologic relapse. DISCUSSION This was the first case of laryngeal replacement by cryopreserved aortic allograft, showing progress in the decades-long aim of final tracheostomy closure. The ultimate objective is to achieve swallowing without false passage, by improving various aspects of surgical technique,without, so far as possible, making the procedures more complex by active airway protection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Debry
- Service d'ORL et chirurgie cervico-faciale, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Inserm (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale) unité 1121, biomatériaux et bioingénierie, université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - E Brenet
- Service d'ORL et chirurgie cervico-faciale, hôpitaux universitaires de Reims, Reims, France
| | - E Martinod
- Service de chirurgie thoracique, hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - P Lavalle
- Inserm (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale) unité 1121, biomatériaux et bioingénierie, université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - A Dupret-Bories
- Institut universitaire du cancer de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - P Schultz
- Service d'ORL et chirurgie cervico-faciale, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - L Fath
- Service d'ORL et chirurgie cervico-faciale, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Inserm (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale) unité 1121, biomatériaux et bioingénierie, université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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Park JS, Cho YS, Morishita M, Han NM, Yoon TH. Effect of Multidirectional Chin Tuck Against Resistance Exercise on Oropharyngeal Muscles and Swallowing Function in Subacute Stroke Patients With Dysphagia: A Randomised Controlled Trial. J Oral Rehabil 2025. [PMID: 40312765 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 01/10/2025] [Accepted: 04/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/03/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chin tuck against resistance (CTAR) exercise is a rehabilitative technique for stroke patients with dysphagia. However, related clinical evidence remains unclear, and methodological improvements in this therapy are required. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of the modified CTAR exercise on swallowing-related muscles and swallowing function in stroke patients with dysphagia. METHODS Stroke patients with dysphagia (n = 30) were randomly assigned to a multidirectional CTAR exercise group (md-CTAR exercise group) and a vertical-directional (vd-CTAR exercise group) (n = 15 per group). The md-CTAR exercise group performed exercises in the left and right diagonal and vertical directions using a prototype device. The vd-CTAR group performed only vertical exercises. Both groups performed the exercises for 5 days each week over a period of 6 weeks. Primary outcome measures included tongue strength, thickness and suprahyoid muscle activation. Secondary outcome measures included the Videofluoroscopic Dysphagia Scale (VDS) and Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) based on videofluoroscopic study. RESULTS The md-CTAR group exhibited significantly higher maximal tongue strength, thickness and suprahyoid muscle activity than the vd-CTAR group (p < 0.05, all), as well as a significant decrease in the oral and pharyngeal phase of the VDS score (p = 0.048 and 0.041) and PAS compared to the vd-CTAR group (p = 0.047). CONCLUSION md-CTAR exercise is more effective than vd-CTAR exercise in improving the oropharyngeal muscles and swallowing function in stroke patients with dysphagia. Therefore, the md-CTAR exercise is recommended as a modified therapeutic exercise for dysphagia rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Su Park
- Research Institute for Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seok Cho
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Osan University, Osan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Motoyoshi Morishita
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Reiwa Health Sciences University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Na-Mi Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Yoon
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Dongseo University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Arkenberg RH, Mitchell S, Venkatraman A, Sivasankar MP, Pearson WG, Malandraki GA. Maximum Vocal Pitch Elevation and Swallowing: A Secondary Data Analysis Supporting Additional Shared Biomechanics and Potential Treatment Targets. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2025:1-11. [PMID: 40299721 DOI: 10.1044/2025_jslhr-24-00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reduced ability to raise vocal pitch has been associated with risk of aspiration in some populations. However, the mechanisms driving this association are understudied. This secondary data analysis aims to add to our knowledge on the shared and distinct biomechanics of swallowing and maximum vocal pitch elevation. METHOD We used existing data from the study of Venkatraman et al. (2020) on 10 healthy younger (age range: 19-23, M = 21) and eight older (age range: 65-79; M = 73) adults who completed maximum pitch elevation and swallow tasks under videofluoroscopy. A MATLAB tracking tool and computational analysis of swallowing mechanics was used to analyze five elements of pharyngeal swallowing biomechanics (anterior and superior hyoid excursion, laryngeal elevation, pharyngeal shortening, tongue base retraction, head/neck extension). Canonical variate analysis (CVA) determined differences associated with task and age. Post hoc discriminant function analyses (DFAs) compared the events between tasks in each group. RESULTS CVA revealed that 63.9% of variance was accounted for by task (D = 3.46, p < .0001) and 35.5% by age (D = 1.92, p < .0001). Across age, DFAs indicated similar anterior hyoid excursion and laryngeal elevation between tasks, but greater superior hyoid excursion during swallows, replicating earlier findings. We also found greater base of tongue retraction during swallows than maximum pitch and greater pharyngeal shortening during maximum pitch elevation compared to swallows across groups (D = 5.38, p < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Maximum pitch elevation and swallowing require similar anterior hyoid and laryngeal excursion. Added to the novel finding of greater pharyngeal shortening during pitch elevation, we indicate that pitch glides may be a mechanism for targeting pharyngeal dysphagia and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Hahn Arkenberg
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Samantha Mitchell
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | | | - M Preeti Sivasankar
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - William G Pearson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, AL
| | - Georgia A Malandraki
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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Söyler AK, Kıylıoğlu N, Serel Arslan S, Demir N, Gök M, Ertekin E, Düger T. Do We Know the Long-Term Effects of the Most Popular Traditional Swallow Maneuvers on the Submental Muscles? J Oral Rehabil 2025; 52:412-419. [PMID: 39344429 PMCID: PMC11934837 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various trainings focus on the submental muscles (SMs) for dysphagia rehabilitation because of their importance for swallowing safety and efficiency. According to the current literature, swallow-specific tasks may be optimal exercises for dysphagia. The effortful swallow (ES) and the Masako maneuver (MM) are the most commonly used swallow-specific tasks in the clinical settings for dysphagia for years, but long-term effects for these trainings is insufficient. OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate and compare the effects of ES and MM on SM activity, strength and thickness. METHODS Thirty-seven healthy adults were randomised to ES, MM and control groups, and ES and MM groups completed 6 weeks of swallowing training. Participants in both training groups performed a total of 120 swallows in each session, while control group did not participate in any swallowing training. Surface electromyography was used to evaluate SM activity, digital dynamometer for SM strength and ultrasonography for SM thickness. RESULTS Both trainings did not change SM activity (p > 0.05), but increased SM strength (p < 0.05). MM increased the thickness of all SM (p < 0.05), and ES increased the thickness of mylohyoid (right, left) and digastric muscle (right) (p < 0.05), and there was no change in all evaluation parameters in the control group (p > 0.05). Also, trainings were not superior to each other in any parameter (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The results of this study provided new evidence to the literature to show that ES and MM trainings are effective for improving SM strength and thickness. Considering that SM is important in terms of swallowing safety and effectiveness, it is thought that both trainings may be promising by increasing the strength and mass of SM, especially in individuals with reduced SM strength and mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Kübra Söyler
- Faculty of Health Science, Physiotherapy and RehabilitationAydın Adnan Menderes UniversityAydınTurkey
| | - Nefati Kıylıoğlu
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of MedicineAydın Adnan Menderes UniversityAydınTurkey
| | - Selen Serel Arslan
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and RehabilitationHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Numan Demir
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and RehabilitationHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Mustafa Gök
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of MedicineAydın Adnan Menderes UniversityAydınTurkey
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Ersen Ertekin
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of MedicineHitit UniversityCorumTurkey
| | - Tülin Düger
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and RehabilitationHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
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Castillo-Allendes A, Searl J, Vergara J, Ballentine N, Ebdah S, Rameau A, Hunter EJ. Voice Meets Swallowing: A Scoping Review of Therapeutic Connections. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2025; 34:877-907. [PMID: 39772835 PMCID: PMC11903005 DOI: 10.1044/2024_ajslp-24-00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSE This scoping review aimed to explore the use of volitional voice tasks in assessing swallowing-related outcomes and to evaluate their therapeutic impact on swallowing disorders, including their effects on swallowing biomechanics. METHOD This scoping review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. A literature search was performed across multiple databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus), and additional records were identified through manual searches. After screening and eligibility assessment, 36 studies were included for data extraction and analysis. The Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies was employed to evaluate the quality of the included studies. RESULTS The review identified various volitional voice tasks, such as maximum phonation time and pitch glides, as potential assessment tools for predicting swallowing-related outcomes. Additionally, voice tasks targeting pitch modulation, increased vocal loudness, and squeezed voice quality showed promising therapeutic benefits for swallowing disorders across different populations, especially individuals with neurological conditions and head and neck cancer. CONCLUSIONS While methodological limitations were found in current literature, volitional voice tasks demonstrate potential as complementary tools for assessing and treating swallowing disorders, leveraging their interconnected neurological and biomechanical mechanisms underlying functions. Further research with more robust methodologies is needed to establish the efficacy of these integrated interventions, facilitate their translation into clinical practice, and test new possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Castillo-Allendes
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, Michigan State University, East Lansing
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Jeff Searl
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - José Vergara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalie Ballentine
- Hospital de Urgencia Asistencia Pública Dr. Alejandro del Río, Santiago, Chile
| | - Soud Ebdah
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, Michigan State University, East Lansing
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid
| | - Anaïs Rameau
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Sean Parker Institute for the Voice, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Eric J. Hunter
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Iowa, Iowa City
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Guo Z, Wang Z, Wang Y, Huo W, Han J. Continuous Estimation of Swallowing Motion With EMG and MMG Signals. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2025; 33:787-797. [PMID: 40031587 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2025.3540842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2025]
Abstract
Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is a symptom of swallowing dysfunction that is associated with aspiration, severe respiratory complications, and even death. OD is a highly prevalent condition in populations including the elderly and patients with neurological diseases (e.g., stroke and Parkinson's disease (PD)). Assessment of swallow function is crucial for managing OD, yet depends on devices for long-term monitoring during daily life and relevant methods for accurately assessing swallow function. The videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) is usually considered a gold standard method. However, it has several limitations, such as radiation exposure, the need for technical experts, high cost, and clinical use only. This study investigates the performances of electromyography (EMG) and mechanomyography (MMG) signals, which can be easily measured using wearable sensors, to continuously estimate swallowing movement. Meanwhile, three methods, i.e., Gaussian process regression (GPR), LSTM, and random forest (RF), are used for swallowing motion estimation based on EMG/MMG signals measured from six healthy subjects and a patient with PD, respectively. Moreover, a depth camera-based approach is proposed to provide the reference laryngeal displacement (i.e., the swallowing movement). The experimental results show that EMG models with three machine learning methods can accurately estimate swallowing movement. For the healthy subjects, the mean correlation coefficient (CC) is about 0.90 and the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) is less than 0.15. For the PD patient, the CC is 0.804 and the NRMSE is 0.205 when using RF. The performance of the MMG model is comparable to that of EMG: CC/NRMSE of the LSTM model is 0.844/0.150 (healthy subjects); CC/NRMSE of RF model is 0.727/0.204 (PD patient). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study proving that both EMG and MMG are two effective means for an accurate continuous estimation of swallowing motion, enabling the possibility of a safe and convenient evaluation and management of OD.
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van der Laan HP, Gawryszuk A, van der Schaaf A, Langendijk JA. Risk reduction of radiation-induced aspiration by sparing specific aspiration-related-organs at risk; an in silico feasibility study. Radiother Oncol 2025; 203:110698. [PMID: 39716592 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2024] [Revised: 12/18/2024] [Accepted: 12/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the feasibility and benefit of NTCP optimized aspiration-prevention treatment planning by sparing specific aspiration related organs at risk, and to assess the impact of baseline complaints on the planning results. MATERIALS AND METHODS This in silico planning study included 30 HNC patients who were previously treated with definitive radiotherapy. New fully automated plans, allowing for sparing specific aspiration related organs at risk, were optimised directly on normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models for common toxicities: xerostomia and dysphagia. Optimisation was performed with and without aspiration-prevention, i.e., with and without specific sparing of recently identified aspiration-related muscles, and with and without the assumption of existing baseline complaints. RESULTS All plans complied with the pre-defined treatment planning quality criteria and were successful in limiting the risk of xerostomia and dysphagia. Aspiration-prevention VMAT, optimized using the additional NTCP model for aspiration, significantly reduced the estimated risk of late aspiration (p < 0.001) in all 30 patients when compared to plans without NTCP optimisation for late aspiration. The predicted risk of late aspiration was reduced even further when baseline aspiration was assumed present during optimisation, resulting in an average risk reduction of 13.3 % versus 8.3 % in plans assuming no aspiration at baseline. Aspiration-prevention did not reduce overall plan quality and maintained NTCP values obtained for various other toxicities. CONCLUSION Sparing specific aspiration-related organs at risk has the potential to significantly reduce the risk of late RT-induced aspiration, especially in patients who experience aspiration already at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Paul van der Laan
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands.
| | - Agata Gawryszuk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands
| | - Arjen van der Schaaf
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Langendijk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Radiation Oncology, the Netherlands
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Dewan K. Oral and Pharyngeal Dysphagia in Adults. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2024; 57:541-550. [PMID: 38637196 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Patients with oral and pharyngeal dysphagia have difficulty forming a cohesive bolus and/or transferring food from the mouth into the pharynx and esophagus to initiate the involuntary swallowing process. This may be accompanied by nasopharyngeal regurgitation, aspiration, and a sensation of residual food remaining in the pharynx. Abnormalities affecting the upper esophageal sphincter, pharynx, larynx, or tongue, in isolation or combination, result in oropharyngeal dysphagia affecting either or both transit and airway protection. These issues can be addressed with a combination of management of the underlying systemic disease, with surgical intervention or with swallow therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Dewan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health - Shreveport, 501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA.
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Kim HH, Park JS. Effects of effortful swallowing against kinesiology taping resistance on the swallowing function in patients with poststroke dysphagia: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38344. [PMID: 38788044 PMCID: PMC11124620 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A dysphagia rehabilitation method using kinesiology taping (KT) was recently introduced, and its potential for clinical efficacy was demonstrated by evaluating muscle activity and thickness. However, its effect on the swallowing function in patients with dysphagia remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of effortful swallowing against KT resistance on the swallowing function in patients with post stroke dysphagia. METHODS Thirty patients with poststroke dysphagia were recruited and randomly assigned to the experimental and placebo groups. In the experimental group, the KT was attached to the front of the neck (the hyoid bone between the sternum) with a tension of approximately 70% to 80%, and effortful swallowing was performed against the KT tension. In contrast, the placebo group performed effortful swallowing with KT applied at the same location without tension. The intervention was performed 30 times/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks. The videofluoroscopic dysphagia scale (VDS) and penetration-aspiration scale (PAS) based on a videofluoroscopic swallowing study were used to analyze oropharyngeal swallowing function. RESULTS The experimental group showed statistically significant improvements in the oral and pharyngeal phases of the VDS (P = .029 and .007, respectively) and PAS (P = .034) compared with the placebo group. Effect sizes were observed for the oral (0.3) and pharyngeal phases (0.5) of the VDS and PAS (1.1). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that effortful swallowing against resistance to KT is an effective therapeutic exercise for improving the swallowing function in patients with poststroke dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Hee Kim
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Semyung University, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Park
- Research Institute for Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-Si, Republic of Korea
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Iwai K, Azuma T, Yonenaga T, Sasai Y, Komatsu Y, Tabata K, Nomura T, Sugiura I, Inagawa Y, Matsumoto Y, Nakashima S, Abe Y, Tomofuji T. Predictive Factors Associated with Future Decline in Swallowing Function among Japanese Older People Aged ≥ 75 Years. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:674. [PMID: 38928921 PMCID: PMC11203831 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Predictive factors associated with a decline in swallowing function after 2 years were examined in 3409 Japanese older people aged ≥ 75 years who had undergone a dental checkup in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. Participants with normal swallowing function in a baseline survey in April 2018 were followed for 2 years. Swallowing function was assessed using a repetitive saliva swallowing test. In our study, 429 participants (13%) who were swallowing less than three times in 30 s based on a repetitive saliva swallowing test after 2 years were diagnosed as those with decline in swallowing function. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed the decline in swallowing function after 2 years was associated with the male gender (odds ratio [ORs]: 0.772; 95% confidence interval [CIs]: 0.615-0.969), age ≥ 81 years (presence; ORs: 1.523; 95% CIs: 1.224-1.895), support/care-need certification (presence; ORs: 1.815; 95% CIs: 1.361-2.394), periodontal pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 4 mm (presence; ORs: 1.469; 95% CIs: 1.163-1.856), difficulty in biting hard food (yes; ORs: 1.439; 95% CIs: 1.145-1.808), choking on tea and water (yes; ORs: 2.543; 95% CIs: 2.025-3.193), and dry mouth (yes; ORs: 1.316; 95% CIs: 1.052-1.646) at baseline. Therefore, the dental checkup items associated with a decline in swallowing function after 2 years were a PPD ≥ 4 mm, difficulty in biting hard food, choking on tea and water, and dry mouth. PPD status and confirming to the self-administered questionnaire about biting, choking, and dry mouth may be useful in predicting future decline in swallowing function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komei Iwai
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1-1851 Hozumi, Mizuho 501-0296, Gifu, Japan; (K.I.); (T.A.); (T.Y.); (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Tetsuji Azuma
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1-1851 Hozumi, Mizuho 501-0296, Gifu, Japan; (K.I.); (T.A.); (T.Y.); (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Takatoshi Yonenaga
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1-1851 Hozumi, Mizuho 501-0296, Gifu, Japan; (K.I.); (T.A.); (T.Y.); (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Yasuyuki Sasai
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1-1851 Hozumi, Mizuho 501-0296, Gifu, Japan; (K.I.); (T.A.); (T.Y.); (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Yoshinari Komatsu
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1-1851 Hozumi, Mizuho 501-0296, Gifu, Japan; (K.I.); (T.A.); (T.Y.); (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Koichiro Tabata
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1-1851 Hozumi, Mizuho 501-0296, Gifu, Japan; (K.I.); (T.A.); (T.Y.); (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Taketsugu Nomura
- Gifu Dental Association, 1-18 Minamidori, Kano-cho, Gifu 500-8486, Gifu, Japan; (T.N.); (I.S.); (Y.I.); (Y.M.); (S.N.); (Y.A.)
| | - Iwane Sugiura
- Gifu Dental Association, 1-18 Minamidori, Kano-cho, Gifu 500-8486, Gifu, Japan; (T.N.); (I.S.); (Y.I.); (Y.M.); (S.N.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yujo Inagawa
- Gifu Dental Association, 1-18 Minamidori, Kano-cho, Gifu 500-8486, Gifu, Japan; (T.N.); (I.S.); (Y.I.); (Y.M.); (S.N.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yusuke Matsumoto
- Gifu Dental Association, 1-18 Minamidori, Kano-cho, Gifu 500-8486, Gifu, Japan; (T.N.); (I.S.); (Y.I.); (Y.M.); (S.N.); (Y.A.)
| | - Seiji Nakashima
- Gifu Dental Association, 1-18 Minamidori, Kano-cho, Gifu 500-8486, Gifu, Japan; (T.N.); (I.S.); (Y.I.); (Y.M.); (S.N.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yoshikazu Abe
- Gifu Dental Association, 1-18 Minamidori, Kano-cho, Gifu 500-8486, Gifu, Japan; (T.N.); (I.S.); (Y.I.); (Y.M.); (S.N.); (Y.A.)
| | - Takaaki Tomofuji
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1-1851 Hozumi, Mizuho 501-0296, Gifu, Japan; (K.I.); (T.A.); (T.Y.); (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (K.T.)
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Buckley DP, Vojtech JM, Stepp CE. Relative Fundamental Frequency in Individuals with Globus Syndrome and Muscle Tension Dysphagia. J Voice 2024; 38:612-618. [PMID: 34823980 PMCID: PMC9124719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Relative fundamental frequency (RFF) has been investigated as an acoustic measure to assess for changes in laryngeal tension. This study aimed to assess RFF in individuals with globus syndrome, individuals with muscle tension dysphagia (MTDg), and individuals with typical voices. METHODS RFF values were calculated from the speech acoustics of individuals with globus syndrome (n = 12), individuals with MTDg (n = 12), and age- and sex-matched controls with typical voices (n = 24). An analysis of variance was performed on RFF values to assess the effect of group. RESULTS There was no statistically significant effect of group on RFF values, with similar values for individuals with globus syndrome, individuals with MTDg, and control participants. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that individuals with these disorders do not appear to possess paralaryngeal muscle tension in a locus and/or manner that directly impacts voice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Buckley
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Jennifer M Vojtech
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Delsys, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts; Altec, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Cara E Stepp
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Ryu YH, Kim JH, Kim D, Kim SY, Lee SJ. Diagnostic value of a deep learning-based hyoid bone tracking model for aspiration in patients with post-stroke dysphagia. Digit Health 2024; 10:20552076241271778. [PMID: 39130520 PMCID: PMC11311153 DOI: 10.1177/20552076241271778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Hyoid bone movement is potentially related to aspiration risk in post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) patients but is difficult to assess quantitatively. This study aimed to measure the distance of hyoid bone movement more efficiently and accurately using a deep learning model and determine the clinical usefulness of the model in PSD patients. Methods This study included 85 patients with PSD within 6 months from onset. Patients were grouped into an aspiration group (n = 35) and a non-aspiration group (n = 50) according to the results of a videofluoroscopic swallowing study. Hyoid bone movement was tracked using a deep learning model constructed with the BiFPN-U-Net(T) architecture. The maximum distance of hyoid bone movement was measured horizontally (H max), vertically (V max), and diagonally (D max). Results Compared with the non-aspiration group, the aspiration group showed significant decreases in hyoid bone movement in all directions. The area under the curve of V max was highest at 0.715 with a sensitivity of 0.680 and specificity of 0.743. The V max cutoff value for predicting aspiration risk was 1.61 cm. The success of oral feeding at the time of discharge was significantly more frequent when hyoid movement was equal to or larger than the cutoff value although no significant relationship was found between hyoid movement and other clinical characteristics. Conclusion Hyoid bone movement of PSD patients can be measured quantitatively and efficiently using a deep learning model. Deep learning model-based analysis of hyoid bone movement seems to be useful for predicting aspiration risk and the possibility of resuming oral feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Hwan Ryu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohhyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jae Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Werden Abrams S, Petersen C, Beall J, Namasivayam-MacDonald A, Choi D, Garand KL(F. Factors Influencing Laryngeal Vestibular Closure in Healthy Adults. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2023; 66:3844-3855. [PMID: 37751725 PMCID: PMC10713015 DOI: 10.1044/2023_jslhr-22-00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our study aims were (a) to examine laryngeal vestibular closure (LVC) temporal measures in healthy adults across tasks used in the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile (MBSImP) protocol to establish normative reference values and (b) to examine influences of age, gender, and swallow task on LVC temporal measures. METHOD A retrospective analysis of 195 healthy adults (85 men, 110 women; age range: 21-89 years) who participated in a videofluoroscopic swallowing study was completed. Seven swallow tasks of standardized viscosities and volumes, as per the MBSImP protocol, were analyzed to measure time-to-LVC and LVC duration (LVCd). Descriptive statistics were employed for all measures of interest. Regression modeling was used to explore relationships between LVC temporal measures (time-to-LVC, LVCd) with age, gender, and swallow task. The relationship between time-to-LVC and LVCd was also explored. RESULTS Significant findings included an increasing trend in LVCd across age (older individuals had a longer LVCd), with women demonstrating a greater increase. Related to viscosity, LVCd was significantly shorter for pudding compared to thin liquid. Furthermore, when compared to 5-ml tasks, LVCd was significantly longer in cup tasks, while time-to-LVC was significantly shorter. An association was also observed between time-to-LVC and LVCd: As time-to-LVC decreased, LVCd increased. CONCLUSIONS LVCd was influenced by age, gender, and swallow task. Longer time-to-LVC was observed in older individuals, particularly older women, and with thin liquids. Study findings contribute to adult normative reference values for LVC temporal measures (time-to-LVC and LVCd) across MBSImP swallowing tasks. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24126432.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Werden Abrams
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Courtney Petersen
- Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, University of South Alabama, Mobile
| | - Jonathan Beall
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | | | - Dahye Choi
- Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, University of South Alabama, Mobile
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Finger A, Grohmann M, Krause L, Krüll A, Petersen C, Thieme A, Rades D, Löser A. Irradiation dose to the swallowing apparatus impacts nutritional status in head and neck cancer patients-results from the prospective randomized HEADNUT trial. Strahlenther Onkol 2023; 199:875-880. [PMID: 37591979 PMCID: PMC10542726 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-023-02124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the influence of radiation dose to the swallowing muscles on the nutritional status in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing primary or adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy (C)RT. METHODS Between 2018 and 2020, 61 patients were prospectively randomized into the so-called HEADNUT trial (head and neck cancer patients undergoing nutritional intervention). Follow-up was continued until 2022. Contouring of the swallowing apparatus included the superior (scm), middle (mcm), and inferior constrictor muscle (icm), the cricopharyngeal muscle (cphm), and the esophageal inlet. Nutritional status was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) at the beginning and the end of radiotherapy. The posttherapeutic nutritional status was evaluated by the BIA-derived fat-free mass index (FFMI; kg/m2). Malnutrition was assumed at FFMI values of < 15 (women) and < 17 (men) kg/m2. To find differences between dosimetric parameters in well- and malnourished patients, Mann-Whitney U test was used. To model the association between malnutrition and its potentially influencing variables, several logistic regression models were built. RESULTS The following parameters differed between well- and malnourished patients at the end of therapy: icm Dmean, V40Gy (%), V50Gy (%), and V60Gy (%), and sphm V40Gy (%). After entering these parameters into a multivariable logistic regression model (dosimetric model), icm Dmean (b = -0.12; Exp(b) = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.78-1.0; p = 0.06) and icm V40Gy (%; b = 0.06; Exp(b) = 1.07; 95% CI: 1-1.13; p = 0.04) proved to be independent dosimetric predictors of malnutrition. We only determined the cut-off value for predicting malnutrition for icm V40Gy (%) since it was the only parameter which met p < 0.05. The optimal cut-off value for the predictor V40Gy (%) based on the Youden Index was 85.6%. Another logistic regression model (dosimetric-clinical model) consisted of icm V40 (%) and the clinical parameters tumor localization, malnutrition before RT, gender, and combined chemotherapy. It was confirmed that both icm V40% (b = -1.9; Exp(b) = -2.7; 95% CI: 0.01-0.8; p = 0.03) and malnutrition at baseline (b = -1.9; Exp(b) = 4.4; 95% CI: 8.4-816.6; p = 0.0002) were independent predictors of subsequent malnutrition the end of RT. CONCLUSION Establishment of a normal nutritional status before the start of RT and adherence to dose constraints for the swallowing apparatus may prevent malnutrition in head and neck cancer patients at the end of therapy. Specifically, we suggest an icm V40Gy (%) of more than 86% to be predictive for nutritional complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Finger
- Outpatient Center of the UKE GmbH, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Grohmann
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linda Krause
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Krüll
- Outpatient Center of the UKE GmbH, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cordula Petersen
- Outpatient Center of the UKE GmbH, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Thieme
- Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, 1265 Welch Road, 94305, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dirk Rades
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein/Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anastassia Löser
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein/Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
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Ornelas G, Bueno Garcia H, Bracken DJ, Linnemeyer-Risser K, Coleman TP, Weissbrod PA. Differentiation of Bolus Texture During Deglutition via High-Density Surface Electromyography: A Pilot Study. Laryngoscope 2023; 133:2695-2703. [PMID: 36734335 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Swallowing is a complex neuromuscular task. There is limited spatiotemporal data on normative surface electromyographic signal during swallow, particularly across standard textures. We hypothesize the pattern of electromyographic signal of the anterior neck varies cranio-caudally, that laterality can be evaluated, and categorization of bolus texture can be differentiated by high-density surface electromyography (HDsEMG) through signal analysis. METHODS An HDsEMG grid of 20 electrodes captured electromyographic activity in eight healthy adult subjects across 240 total swallows. Participants swallowed five standard textures: saliva, thin liquid, puree, mixed consistency, and dry solid. Data were bandpass filtered, underwent functional alignment of signal, and then placed into binary classifier receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Muscular activity was visualized by creating two-dimensional EMG heat maps. RESULTS Signal analysis results demonstrated a positive correlation between signal amplitude and bolus texture. Greater differences of amplitude in the cranial most region of the array when compared to the caudal most region were noted in all subjects. Lateral comparison of the array revealed symmetric power levels across all subjects and textures. ROC curves demonstrated the ability to correctly classify textures within subjects in 6 of 10 texture comparisons. CONCLUSION This pilot study suggests that utilizing HDsEMG during deglutition can noninvasively differentiate swallows of varying texture noninvasively. This may prove useful in future diagnostic and behavioral swallow applications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 133:2695-2703, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Ornelas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, U.S.A
| | - Hassler Bueno Garcia
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, U.S.A
| | - David J Bracken
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | | | - Todd P Coleman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, U.S.A
| | - Philip A Weissbrod
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, U.S.A
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Longino ES, Davis SJ, Landeen KC, Kimura KS, Sharma RK, Ortiz AS, Yang SF, Patel PN, Stephan SJ. Chemodenervation of the Posterior Belly of the Digastric Muscle in Facial Synkinesis. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2023; 25:378-383. [PMID: 36067327 DOI: 10.1089/fpsam.2022.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with facial synkinesis may have jaw tightness and swallow discomfort despite chemodenervation of facial mimetic musculature, and the posterior belly of the digastric (PBD) muscle is a logical target to treat these symptoms. Learning/Study Objective: To compare patient-reported outcomes of botulinum toxin (BT) chemodenervation of the posterior belly of digastric muscle in patients with postparalytic facial synkinesis. Design Type: Retrospective review. Methods: Patients with facial synkinesis who underwent electromyography (EMG)-guided PBD BT chemodenervation in addition to their baseline therapeutic regimen were included. Pre- and post-treatment Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaires (SAQ) and a two-question survey regarding jaw tightness and swallow discomfort were administered. Results: Twenty-nine patients were included. An average of 5 U of BT-A was injected into the PBD, and 46.5 U across all facial muscles. From pre- to post-injection, patients demonstrated improvement in jaw tightness at rest (3.02 vs. 1.98/5.0, p < 0.001), with swallow (2.78 vs. 1.94/5.0, p < 0.001), and total SAQ (64.3 vs. 51.2/100, p < 0.001). Patients rated subjective benefit from PBD injection compared with prior treatments without PBD injection as 4.5/5.0. Conclusion: Synkinesis patients with jaw tightness or swallow discomfort may benefit from the addition of PBD injections to the therapeutic regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Longino
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Seth J Davis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kelly C Landeen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kyle S Kimura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rahul K Sharma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alexandra S Ortiz
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shiayin F Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Priyesh N Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Scott J Stephan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Evaluation of morphological features of palatopharyngeus insertion into the thyroid cartilage. Anat Sci Int 2023:10.1007/s12565-023-00709-7. [PMID: 36877447 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-023-00709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The attachment of the palatopharyngeus extended from the posterior end of the thyroid cartilage to the posterior margin of the inferior constrictor attachment that might contribute to successive swallowing movements. Laryngeal elevation is essential for proper swallowing and breathing. Recently, clinical research has demonstrated that the palatopharyngeus, a longitudinal muscle of the pharynx, is involved in the elevation of the larynx. However, the morphological relationship between the larynx and palatopharyngeus remains unclear. In the present study, we analyzed the attachment site and characteristics of the palatopharyngeus in the thyroid cartilage. We evaluated 14 halves of seven heads from Japanese cadavers (average age: 76.4 years); 12 halves, anatomically and two halves histologically. A part of the palatopharyngeus, which originated from the inferior aspect of the palatine aponeurosis, was attached to the inner and outer surfaces of the thyroid cartilage through collagen fibers. The attachment area extends from the posterior end of the thyroid cartilage to the posterior margin of the attachment site of the inferior constrictor. The palatopharyngeus may elevate the larynx with the suprahyoid muscles and contribute to successive movements of swallowing with surrounding muscles. Based on our findings and previous studies, palatopharyngeus with various muscle bundle directions may be essential for the coordination of continuous swallowing events.
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Mialland A, Atallah I, Bonvilain A. Toward a robust swallowing detection for an implantable active artificial larynx: a survey. Med Biol Eng Comput 2023; 61:1299-1327. [PMID: 36792845 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-023-02772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Total laryngectomy consists in the removal of the larynx and is intended as a curative treatment for laryngeal cancer, but it leaves the patient with no possibility to breathe, talk, and swallow normally anymore. A tracheostomy is created to restore breathing through the throat, but the aero-digestive tracts are permanently separated and the air no longer passes through the nasal tracts, which allowed filtration, warming, humidification, olfaction, and acceleration of the air for better tissue oxygenation. As for phonation restoration, various techniques allow the patient to talk again. The main one consists of a tracheo-esophageal valve prosthesis that makes the air passes from the esophagus to the pharynx, and makes the air vibrate to allow speech through articulation. Finally, swallowing is possible through the original tract as it is now isolated from the trachea. Yet, many methods exist to detect and assess a swallowing, but none is intended as a definitive restoration technique of the natural airway, which would permanently close the tracheostomy and avoid its adverse effects. In addition, these methods are non-invasive and lack detection accuracy. The feasibility of an effective early detection of swallowing would allow to further develop an implantable active artificial larynx and therefore restore the aero-digestive tracts. A previous attempt has been made on an artificial larynx implanted in 2012, but no active detection was included and the system was completely mechanic. This led to residues in the airway because of the imperfect sealing of the mechanism. An active swallowing detection coupled with indwelling measurements would thus likely add a significant reliability on such a system as it would allow to actively close an artificial larynx. So, after a brief explanation of the swallowing mechanism, this survey intends to first provide a detailed consideration of the anatomical region involved in swallowing, with a detection perspective. Second, the swallowing mechanism following total laryngectomy surgery is detailed. Third, the current non-invasive swallowing detection technique and their limitations are discussed. Finally, the previous points are explored with regard to the inherent requirements for the feasibility of an effective swallowing detection for an artificial larynx. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Mialland
- Institute of Engineering and Management Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Gipsa-lab, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Ihab Atallah
- Institute of Engineering and Management Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Otorhinolaryngology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Agnès Bonvilain
- Institute of Engineering and Management Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Gipsa-lab, 38000, Grenoble, France
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McCleary SP, Moghadam S, Le C, Perez K, Nahabet E, Sim MS, Roostaeian J. Volumetric Assessment of the Anterior Digastric Muscles: A Deeper Understanding of the Volumetric Changes With Aging. Aesthet Surg J 2023; 43:1-8. [PMID: 36039633 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjac233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting the deeper, subplatysmal structures in the neck has recently grown in popularity. In particular, interventions targeting the "bulky" anterior digastric (AD) muscle have been described with excellent results. However, much remains to be understood about the deep anatomy of the neck and the age-associated changes of the AD. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between AD volume and age. METHODS This retrospective study calculated the AD volume from MRI segmentation in subjects between the ages of 20 to 92 years, scans of whom had previously been recorded. Those with compromised imaging due to pathology or artifact were excluded. Subjects were divided into 4 age-defined cohorts for clinical applicability. RESULTS This study included 129 patients (male n = 64) with a mean age of 52.3. The AD volume of the reference group was 3.2 cm3. A linear decrease in muscle volume was observed with age compared with the reference group: 2.95 cm3 in the 45- to 54-year-old cohort (P = 0.3), 2.7 cm3 in the 55- to 64-year-old cohort (P = 0.05), and 2.45 cm3 in the >65-year-old cohort (P < 0.001). Male sex (P = 0.0001) and laterality (P = 0.003) were associated with significantly larger volumes. Overweight and obese BMI classification was not associated with a significantly different volume than normal or underweight subjects (P = 0.067). CONCLUSIONS The study findings suggest an age-associated reduction in AD volume. Gender and laterality significantly affected volume, whereas BMI did not. Although the results do not support the theory of muscular hypertrophy with aging, they reveal that the perceived bulkiness may be due to changes in the surrounding anatomy affecting the morphology of the AD and subsequent blunting of the cervicomental angle.
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Accuracy of High-Resolution Pharyngeal Manometry Metrics for Predicting Aspiration and Residue in Oropharyngeal Dysphagia Patients with Poor Pharyngeal Contractility. Dysphagia 2022; 37:1560-1575. [PMID: 35182246 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-022-10417-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several physiological metrics can be derived from pharyngeal high-resolution impedance manometry (HRPM), but their clinical relevance has not been well established. We investigated the diagnostic performance of these metrics in relation to videofluoroscopic (VFS) assessment of aspiration and residue in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia. We analyzed 263 swallows from 72 adult patients (22-91 years) with diverse medical conditions. Metrics of contractility, upper esophageal sphincter (UES) opening and relaxation, flow timing, intrabolus distension pressure, and a global Swallow Risk Index (SRI) were derived from pressure-impedance recordings using pressure-flow analysis. VFS data were independently scored for airway invasion and pharyngeal residue using the Penetration-Aspiration Scale and the Normalized Residue Ratio Scale, respectively. We performed multivariate logistic regression analyses to determine the relationship of HRPM metrics with radiological outcomes and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to evaluate their diagnostic accuracy. We identified aspiration in 25% and pharyngeal residue in 84% of the swallows. Aspiration was independently associated with hypopharyngeal peak pressure < 65 mmHg (HypoPeakP) [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 5.27; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) (0.99-28.1); p = 0.051], SRI > 15 [OR 4.37; 95% CI (1.87-10.2); p < 0.001] and proximal esophageal contractile integral (PCI) < 55 mmHg·cm·s [OR 2.30; 95% CI (1.07-4.96); p = 0.034]. Pyriform sinus residue was independently predicted by HypoPeakP < 65 mmHg [OR 7.32; 95% CI (1.93-27.7); p = 0.003], UES integrated relaxation pressure (UES-IRP) > 3 mmHg [OR 2.96; 95% CI (1.49-5.88); p = 0.002], and SRI > 15 [OR 2.17; 95% CI (1.04-4.51); p = 0.039]. Area under ROC curve (AUC) values for individual HRPM metrics ranged from 0.59 to 0.74. Optimal cut-off values were identified. This study demonstrates the diagnostic value of certain proposed and adjunct HRPM metrics for identifying signs of unsafe and inefficient bolus transport in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia.
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Molfenter SM. The relationship between sarcopenia, dysphagia, malnutrition, and frailty: making the case for proactive swallowing exercises to promote healthy aging. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 30:400-405. [PMID: 36004774 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0000000000000835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize current evidence regarding the relationship between sarcopenia of the swallowing muscles, dysphagia, malnutrition, and frailty in the context of aging. Further, this review will provide preliminary support for proactive swallowing exercises to reverse and/or prevent sarcopenia of the swallowing muscles. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies lend support to a cyclic relationship between sarcopenia of the swallowing muscles, dysphagia, malnutrition, and frailty. Unfortunately, all studies are limited by their study design and lack instrumental imaging of swallowing function. Research (in the limbs) supports the use of proactive exercises and protein supplementation to reverse sarcopenia, especially in prefrail individuals. This provides a foundation to design and test similar preventive exercises for the swallowing muscles. SUMMARY As the population is rapidly aging, it is vital to understand how the natural loss of muscle in aging impacts swallowing function and the downstream impact on nutritional and physical function. Prospective, longitudinal research with sophisticated outcome measures are required to fully understand this cycle and provide an opportunity to test methods for interrupting the cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja M Molfenter
- Communicative Sciences and Disorders, NYU Steinhardt, Rusk Rehabilitation, NYU Langone Health, New York, USA
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Ultrasonography as Biofeedback to Increase Muscle Activation During the Mendelsohn Maneuver in Healthy Adults. Dysphagia 2022:10.1007/s00455-022-10542-1. [DOI: 10.1007/s00455-022-10542-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Alves MRM, Oliveira IC, Zica GM, Lederman H, Gonçalves MIR. Hyoid displacement patterns in healthy swallowing. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2022; 20:eAO6268. [PMID: 35293528 PMCID: PMC8909124 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2022ao6268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe the patterns of displacement of the hyoid bone in healthy individuals, considering their displacements during swallowing of different consistencies. Methods Two hundred one swallowing videofluoroscopy exams of 67 adult and elderly individuals without swallowing disorders were analyzed. Descriptive analysis was performed to identify and describe the patterns of displacement of the hyoid bone. Results Seven types of displacement of the hyoid bone were found: H1 (horizontal), H2 (short vertical and long horizontal), H3 (vertical and diagonal to upper), H4 (long vertical and short horizontal), H5 (vertical), H6 (diagonal), and H7 (brief). The standards were maintained in different consistencies. The most frequent pattern of displacement was type H2. The distribution of the types of displacement of the hyoid was different among men and women. Conclusion Seven patterns of displacement of the hyoid bone during swallowing of normal adults and older people have been described. The most frequent pattern of displacement was horizontal, with variations in distribution between men and women. The displacement pattern was maintained during the swallowing of the three different consistencies (thin, pasty and solid liquid).
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Chanda A, Krisciunas GP, Grillone GA. Correlating muscle resection with functional swallow outcomes: An anatomic framework informed systematic review of the literature. Am J Otolaryngol 2022; 43:103386. [PMID: 35158265 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2022.103386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review of studies reporting swallow-associated outcomes in patients who received surgery for head and neck cancer (HNC), informed by an anatomic and physiologic framework of pharyngeal phase of swallowing (Pearson's dual-sling model). METHODS PUBMED and Google Scholar databases were searched for peer-reviewed papers published between 1990 and 2019 using relevant MeSH terms. Exclusion criteria were 1) discussions comparing reconstruction techniques, 2) case-report/series (n < 10), 3) perspective articles, 4) papers comparing objective instrumental methods of swallowing evaluation, 5) animal/cadaver studies, 6) no instrumental or validated swallow assessment tools used, 7) papers that discuss/include radiotherapy treatment, 8) systematic reviews, 9) papers that discuss swallow training or rehabilitation methods. Two investigators reviewed papers meeting inclusion/exclusions criteria. Muscles resected, anatomic resection site, swallow outcomes, and patient treatment variables were collected. RESULTS A total of 115,020 peer-reviewed papers were identified. 74 papers were relevant to this review, 18 met inclusion and exclusion criteria, and none discussed surgical impact on the pharyngeal phase of swallowing using Pearson's dual-sling model. Most papers discussed the effect of tongue-base, supraglottic, or regional anatomic resection. Post-surgical resection Follow-up times ranged from 1 to 13 months. 67% of studies used objective instrumental swallow studies; 22% used patient reported outcome measures. Follow up time since surgical resection, time to feeding tube removal, feeding tube present/absent, aspiration severity were used to define dysphagia endpoints. CONCLUSIONS To date, no surgical HNC studies have used the dual-sling mechanism to guide study design, and dysphagia assessment has been inconsistent. To counsel patients on the effects of surgery on pharyngeal phase of swallow function, specialists need physiologically grounded research that correlates muscles resected with consistent measures of swallow function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Chanda
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, 60 Prospect Avenue, Middletown, NY 10940, United States.
| | - Gintas P Krisciunas
- Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA 02118, United States.
| | - Gregory A Grillone
- Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA 02118, United States.
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Steidl EMDS, Gonçalves BFDT, Rockenbach NDM, Pasqualoto AS, Mancopes R. Outcomes of manual therapy on the biomechanics of swallowing in individuals with COPD. Codas 2021; 33:e20200203. [PMID: 34320141 DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20192020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Several swallowing disorders have been reported in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients due to the mechanical disadvantage of the respiratory muscles caused by hyperinflation. To date, no reports have been found in the literature among the therapeutic strategies on the use of manual therapy (MT) to manage swallowing disorders in COPD. The aim of the study was to verify the outcomes of a TM program on the biomechanics of swallowing of individuals with COPD. METHODS 18 individuals with a mean age of 66.06 ± 8.86 years, 61.1% (11) men, and a FEV1% mean of 40.28 ± 16.73 were evaluated before and after TM. The measures analyzed were: oral transit time, pharyngeal transit time (PTT), number of swallows, vallecular (VL) residue and pyriform sinuses, penetration/aspiration and hyolaryngeal excursion in liquid and pasty consistencies. RESULTS A significant difference was found in PTT (p=0.04), VL residue (p=0.03), maximal hyoid elevation (p=0.003), and displacement of hyoid (p=0.02) in the pasty consistency. In the liquid consistency, we found a decrease in VL residue (p=0.001). CONCLUSION The MT program influenced the swallowing biomechanics of COPD patients demonstrated by a reduction in PTT and VL residue and increased hyoid elevation and displacement in the pasty consistency. In the liquid consistency, a decrease in VL residue was found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Renata Mancopes
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM - Santa Maria (RS), Brasil
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Adamske D, Heyduck A, Weidenmüller M, Göricke B, Frank T, Olthoff A. Dysphagia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Quantification of bulbar motor dysfunction. J Oral Rehabil 2021; 48:1044-1049. [PMID: 34185922 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysphagia as a sequel and possible early sign of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is caused by progressive impaired bulbar motor function. OBJECTIVE To evaluate bulbar motor dysfunction in patients suffering from ALS compared to a healthy reference group. METHODS A clinical study and prospective group comparison was designed. Patients and healthy volunteers were examined in the outpatient clinic of our university medical center. Ten patients with ALS and 20 healthy volunteers were included. All participants underwent a flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) and a manometric measurement of the maximal sub-palatal atmospheric pressure generated by suction as well as of the prevalent pressure during swallowing. Additionally, the Sydney Swallow Questionnaire (SSQ) was completed by all participants to score the self-rated extent of dysphagia. RESULTS Comparing maximal suction pressures, the group of patients showed significantly lower values (p < .001). There was a significant correlation between reduced pressures and the degree of dysphagia (SSQ score) (r = -0.73). CONCLUSIONS As the oral cavity is an easily accessible compartment of the upper digestive tract, manometric measurements might serve as a simple instrument in order to detect or to monitor bulbar motor dysfunction. Oral manometry may facilitate early detection and monitoring of dysphagia in ALS. Larger studies are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deike Adamske
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - University Medical Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrienne Heyduck
- Phoniatrics and Pedaudiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Weidenmüller
- Phoniatrics and Pedaudiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bettina Göricke
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Frank
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Arno Olthoff
- Phoniatrics and Pedaudiology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Using Ultrasound to Document the Effects of Expiratory Muscle Strength Training (EMST) on the Geniohyoid Muscle. Dysphagia 2021; 37:788-799. [PMID: 34132896 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-021-10328-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) is an exercise program designed to strengthen the muscles of expiration by increasing expiratory load during breathing exercises using either resistive or pressure threshold devices. Previous research has shown that EMST may increase submental suprahyoid muscle activity as measured with surface electromyography. The impact of EMST on submental muscles is of interest to those who treat dysphagia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the cross-sectional area of the geniohyoid muscle changes as observed with ultrasound during a 5-week EMST program performed at 75% of maximum expiratory strength using the EMST150 device in healthy adults. Ten healthy adults participated in the 5-week program. Maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) and cross-sectional area of the geniohyoid muscle were measured weekly. Geniohyoid cross-sectional area was measured from ultrasound images recorded in the coronal plane. Repeated Measures ANOVA was used to determine whether there were significant changes among the dependent variables over the study period. Both MEP and geniohyoid area increased significantly in response to a 5-week program of EMST. EMST in healthy adults is effective at strengthening the geniohyoid muscle as reflected by significantly increased cross-sectional area measured with B-mode ultrasound. This is the first study to document weekly change in muscle morphology as a result of EMST. Increasing geniohyoid muscle mass and consequent strength through a program of EMST may be beneficial for persons with pharyngeal stage dysphagia resulting from reduced hyolaryngeal elevation, reduced laryngeal closure, or reduced UES opening.
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The effect of laryngeal elevation training on swallowing function in patients with dysphagia. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2021; 135:574-578. [PMID: 34130763 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215121001481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of laryngeal elevation training without highly loaded head lifting on swallowing function in patients with dysphagia. METHODS Fifty-seven patients with dysphagia (36 men; mean age, 78.5 ± 11.4 years) were included. All participants performed the swallowing forehead exercise and the chin push-pull manoeuvre for two months. Videoendoscopy to assess swallowing function, the peak expiratory flow test and the hand grip strength test were performed at the initial visit (time 1) and two months after the start of the intervention (time 2). We used the Hyodo score, a scoring method for videoendoscopic assessment, for evaluation of swallowing function. RESULTS The linear mixed model showed a significant main effect of time (the Hyodo score at time 1 was greater than the score at time 2). The effects of the co-variates were not significant. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated the significant effect of laryngeal elevation training without head lifting on the Hyodo score.
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Allen JE, Clunie GM, Winiker K. Ultrasound: an emerging modality for the dysphagia assessment toolkit? Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 29:213-218. [PMID: 33741822 PMCID: PMC7611059 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0000000000000708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Videofluoroscopy (VFSS) and fibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) are established instrumental techniques to support differential diagnosis and treatment of oropharyngeal dysphagia. Whilst their value is undisputed, each tool is not without limitations. The COVID-19 pandemic has restricted access to VFSS and FEES leading clinicians to explore alternative or augmentative tools to support swallowing assessment.Ultrasound (US) is an established tool for visualisation of head and neck anatomy, including structures implicated in swallowing. Although US has been utilised in swallowing research for many years, its application has not translated into common clinical practice. This review presents and debates the evidence for and against use of US for clinical swallowing assessment. RECENT FINDINGS Evaluation of swallowing muscle morphometry and measurement of isolated swallowing kinematics are two primary uses of US in swallowing assessment that have been identified in the literature. Use of US to detect bolus flow, aspiration and residues is in its early stages and needs further research. SUMMARY US shows promise as an adjunctive modality to support assessment of swallowing. With standardisation, these measurements may have potential for transition into clinical care. Reliability and validity testing and development of normative data are imperative to ensure its use as an evidence-based instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi E Allen
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, National Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery
| | - Gemma M Clunie
- National Centre for Airway Reconstruction, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Katharina Winiker
- Swiss University of Speech and Language Sciences SHLR, Rorschach, Switzerland
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Pu D, Lee VHF, Chan KMK, Yuen MTY, Quon H, Tsang RKY. The Relationships Between Radiation Dosage and Long-term Swallowing Kinematics and Timing in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Survivors. Dysphagia 2021; 37:612-621. [PMID: 33909131 PMCID: PMC9072442 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-021-10311-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) dosimetry and swallowing kinematic and timing measures. Thirteen kinematic and timing measures of swallowing from videofluoroscopic analysis were used as outcome measures to reflect swallowing function. IMRT dosimetry was accessed for thirteen swallowing-related structures. A cohort of 44 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) survivors at least 3 years post-IMRT were recruited. The cohort had a mean age of 53.2 ± 11.9 years, 77.3% of whom were male. There was an average of 68.24 ± 14.15 months since end of IMRT; 41 (93.2%) had undergone concurrent chemotherapy. For displacement measures, female sex and higher doses to the cricopharyngeus, glottic larynx, and base of tongue were associated with reduced hyolaryngeal excursion and pharyngeal constriction, and more residue. For timing measures, higher dose to the genioglossus was associated with reduced processing time at all stages of the swallow. The inferior pharyngeal constrictor emerged with a distinctly different pattern of association with mean radiation dosage compared to other structures. Greater changes to swallowing kinematics and timing were observed for pudding thick consistency than thin liquid. Increasing radiation dosage to swallowing-related structures is associated with reduced swallowing kinematics. However, not all structures are affected the same way, therefore organ sparing during treatment planning for IMRT needs to consider function rather than focusing on select muscles. Dose-response relationships should be investigated with a comprehensive set of swallowing structures to capture the holistic process of swallowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Pu
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Swallowing Research Laboratory, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Frankston, Australia
| | - Victor H F Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karen M K Chan
- Swallowing Research Laboratory, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Margaret T Y Yuen
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Harry Quon
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Oncology and Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Raymond K Y Tsang
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Department of Surgery and Department of ENT, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
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Curtis JA, Laus J, Schneider SL, Troche MS. Examining the Relationships Between Lingual Strength, Perihyoid Strength, and Swallowing Kinematics in Dysphagic Adults: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Analysis. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2021; 64:405-416. [PMID: 33439740 DOI: 10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the relationships of clinical measures of lingual and perihyoid strength with displacement swallowing kinematics and swallowing safety in a heterogenous group of dysphagic adults. Method A retrospective analysis was completed of videofluoroscopic swallow studies of consecutive dysphagic outpatient adults presenting to a tertiary swallowing center from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2017. Videofluoroscopic swallow study records were included if containing displacement swallowing kinematics of a 20-ml single liquid swallow and clinical measures of anterior (L-MIPA) or posterior (L-MIPP) lingual maximal isometric press, saliva mean swallowing pressures (S-MSP), and/or open mouth-maximal isometric press (OM-MIP). Regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between clinical measures of lingual (L-MIPA, L-MIPP, S-MSP) and perihyoid (OM-MIP) strength and displacement swallowing kinematics, and binomial logistic regressions were used to examine the relationships between clinical measures of lingual and perihyoid strength and swallowing safety (Penetration-Aspiration Scale [PAS]). Results Multivariate regressions revealed significant relationships of L-MIPA, L-MIPP, S-MSP, and OM-MIP with group-level changes to the displacement swallowing kinematics. Univariate analyses revealed significant relationships of L-MIPA and L-MIPP with pharyngeal constriction ratio, maximal extent of upper esophageal segment opening, and PAS. Conclusions Weak relationships were identified of clinical measures of lingual and perihyoid strength with displacement swallowing kinematics. These findings suggest that clinical measures of lingual and perihyoid strength do not fully explain impairments in swallowing kinematics across a heterogenous group of dysphagic patients. Weak-to-moderate relationships were identified between clinical measures of lingual strength and PAS, suggesting that they may have value in predicting functional measures of swallowing safety. Further research is needed to examine how findings may differ between specific patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Curtis
- Laboratory for the Study of Upper Airway Dysfunction, Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Joey Laus
- UCSF Voice and Swallowing Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Sarah L Schneider
- UCSF Voice and Swallowing Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Michelle S Troche
- Laboratory for the Study of Upper Airway Dysfunction, Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY
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Effect of Dysphagia Rehabilitation Using Kinesiology Taping on Oropharyngeal Muscle Hypertrophy in Post-Stroke Patients: A Double Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8040411. [PMID: 33086705 PMCID: PMC7712247 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It has recently been shown that suprahyoid muscle exercise using kinesiology taping (KT) increases the activation of the suprahyoid muscle in healthy adults, suggesting a potential therapeutic clinical exercise for dysphagia rehabilitation. This study investigated the effect of dysphagia rehabilitation using KT in stroke patients with dysphagia. Methods: Thirty subjects in South Korea were enrolled in this prospective placebo-controlled double-blind study. Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental and sham groups. In the experimental group, the tape was attached to the hyolaryngeal complex, pulled downward with approximately 70% tension, and then attached to the sternum and the clavicle bilaterally. In the sham group, the tape was applied similarly but without the tension. Both groups performed voluntary swallowing 50 times (10 times swallowing per set, times 5 sets) a day for 4 weeks with KT applied. Outcome measures were assessed using portable ultrasound equipment. The parameter measured was the change in thickness of the tongue muscle, mylohyoid muscle, and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle. Results: The experimental group showed statistically significant changes in the thickness of the tongue muscle, mylohyoid muscle, and anterior belly of the digastric muscle than the sham group (p = 0.007, 0.002, and 0.001). Conclusion: Dysphagia rehabilitation using KT is a technique that may promote oropharyngeal muscle thickness in patients with dysphagia after stroke.
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Kim H, Cho NB, Kim J, Kim KM, Kang M, Choi Y, Kim M, You H, Nam SI, Shin S. Implementation of a Home-Based mHealth App Intervention Program With Human Mediation for Swallowing Tongue Pressure Strengthening Exercises in Older Adults: Longitudinal Observational Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e22080. [PMID: 33012704 PMCID: PMC7600016 DOI: 10.2196/22080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tongue pressure is an effective index of swallowing function, and it decreases with aging and disease progression. Previous research has shown beneficial effects of swallowing exercises combined with myofunctional tongue-strengthening therapy on tongue function. Tongue exercises delivered through mobile health (mHealth) technologies have the potential to advance health care in the digital age to be more efficient for people with limited resources, especially older adults. Objective The purpose of this study is to explore the immediate and long-term maintenance effects of an 8-week home-based mHealth app intervention with biweekly (ie, every 2 weeks) human mediation aimed at improving the swallowing tongue pressure in older adults. Methods We developed an mHealth app intervention that was used for 8 weeks (3 times/day, 5 days/week, for a total of 120 sessions) by 11 community-dwelling older adults (10 women; mean age 75.7 years) who complained of swallowing difficulties. The app included a swallowing monitoring and intervention protocol with 3 therapy maneuvers: effortful prolonged swallowing, effortful pitch glide, and effortful tongue rotation. The 8-week intervention was mediated by biweekly face-to-face meetings to monitor each participant’s progress and ability to implement the training sessions according to the given protocol. Preintervention and postintervention isometric and swallowing tongue pressures were measured using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument. We also investigated the maintenance effects of the intervention on swallowing tongue pressure at 12 weeks postintervention. Results Of the 11 participants, 8 adhered to the home-based 8-week app therapy program with the optimal intervention dosage. At the main trial end point (ie, 8 weeks) of the intervention program, the participants demonstrated a significant increase in swallowing tongue pressure (median 17.5 kPa before the intervention and 26.5 kPa after the intervention; P=.046). However, long-term maintenance effects of the training program on swallowing tongue pressure at 12 weeks postintervention were not observed. Conclusions Swallowing tongue pressure is known to be closely related to dysphagia symptoms. This is the first study to demonstrate the effectiveness of the combined methods of effortful prolonged swallowing, effortful pitch glide, and effortful tongue rotation using mobile app training accompanied by biweekly human mediation in improving swallowing tongue pressure in older adults. The mHealth app is a promising platform that can be used to deliver effective and convenient therapeutic service to vulnerable older adults. To investigate the therapeutic efficacy with a larger sample size and observe the long-term effects of the intervention program, further studies are warranted. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/19585
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Affiliation(s)
- HyangHee Kim
- Graduate Program in Speech-Language Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Bin Cho
- Graduate Program in Speech-Language Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwon Kim
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Kim
- Graduate Program in Speech-Language Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kang
- Graduate Program in Speech-Language Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Younggeun Choi
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjae Kim
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Heecheon You
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok In Nam
- Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Shin
- Graduate Program in Speech-Language Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Venkatraman A, Fujiki RB, Craig BA, Sivasankar MP, Malandraki GA. Determining the Underlying Relationship Between Swallowing and Maximum Vocal Pitch Elevation: A Preliminary Study of Their Hyoid Biomechanics in Healthy Adults. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2020; 63:3408-3418. [PMID: 32966145 PMCID: PMC8582751 DOI: 10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Deficiencies in swallowing (aspiration) and in maximum vocal pitch elevation have been shown to correlate in dysphagia. However, the underlying mechanisms that may explain this relationship are not known. In this study, we compare hyoid kinematics between swallowing and maximum vocal pitch elevation in healthy adults. Method Ten young (M = 21 ± 1.33 years) and eight older (M = 72.85 ± 5.59 years) healthy adults completed trials of maximum vocal pitch elevation (vowels /a/ and /i/) and swallowing (thin liquid and pudding) under videofluoroscopy. Superior and anterior hyoid excursions were obtained using kinematic analysis. Two-way analyses of variance and Spearman rho correlations were used to examine differences and relationships between swallowing and maximum pitch elevation biomechanics. Results Superior hyoid excursion was significantly greater for liquid swallows compared to pitch elevation tasks (/a/ and /i/; p = .002; Cohen's d = 1.28; p = .0179, Cohen's d = 1.03, respectively) and for pudding swallows compared to pitch tasks (p = .000, Cohen's d = 1.64; p = .001, Cohen's d = 1.38, respectively). Anterior hyoid excursion was not significantly different between the two functions, but was overall reduced in the older group (p = .0231, Cohen's d = .90). Furthermore, there was a moderate positive correlation between the degree of superior excursion during liquid swallows and maximum pitch elevation for both vowels (r s = .601, p = .001; r s = .524, p = .003) in young adults, and between the degree of anterior excursion during liquid swallows and pitch elevation for both vowels (r s = .688, p = .001; r s = .530, p = .008) in older adults. Conclusions Swallowing and maximum pitch elevation require similar anterior, but not superior, hyoid excursion in healthy adults. Differential correlations between the two tasks for each age group may be associated with age-related muscle changes. We provide evidence of partially shared biomechanics between swallowing and maximum pitch elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anumitha Venkatraman
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Robert Brinton Fujiki
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Bruce A. Craig
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - M. Preeti Sivasankar
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Georgia A. Malandraki
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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Kantarcigil C, Kim MK, Chang T, Craig BA, Smith A, Lee CH, Malandraki GA. Validation of a Novel Wearable Electromyography Patch for Monitoring Submental Muscle Activity During Swallowing: A Randomized Crossover Trial. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2020; 63:3293-3310. [PMID: 32910735 PMCID: PMC8060014 DOI: 10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Surface electromyography (sEMG) is often used for biofeedback during swallowing rehabilitation. However, commercially available sEMG electrodes are not optimized for the head and neck area, have rigid form, and are mostly available in large medical centers. We developed an ultrathin, soft, and flexible sEMG patch, specifically designed to conform to the submental anatomy and which will be ultimately incorporated into a telehealth system. To validate this first-generation sEMG patch, we compared its safety, efficiency, and signal quality in monitoring submental muscle activity with that of widely used conventional sEMG electrodes. Method A randomized crossover design was used to compare the experimental sEMG patch with conventional (snap-on) sEMG electrodes. Participants completed the same experimental protocol with both electrodes in counterbalanced order. Swallow trials included five trials of 5- and 10-ml water. Comparisons were made on (a) signal-related factors: signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), baseline amplitude, normalized mean amplitude, and sEMG burst duration and (b) safety/preclinical factors: safety/adverse effects, efficiency of electrode placement, and satisfaction/comfort. Noninferiority and equivalence tests were used to examine signal-related factors. Paired t tests and descriptive statistics were used to examine safety/preclinical factors. Results Forty healthy adults participated (24 women, M age = 67.5 years). Signal-related factors: SNR of the experimental patch was not inferior to the SNR of the conventional electrodes (p < .0056). Similarly, baseline amplitude obtained with the experimental patch was not inferior to that obtained with conventional electrodes (p < .0001). Finally, normalized amplitude values were equivalent across swallows (5 ml: p < .025; 10 ml: p < .0012), and sEMG burst duration was also equivalent (5 ml: p < .0001; 10 ml: p < .0001). Safety/preclinical factors: The experimental patch resulted in fewer mild adverse effects. Participant satisfaction was higher with the experimental patch (p = .0476, d = 0.226). Conclusions Our new wearable sEMG patch is equivalent with widely used conventional sEMG electrodes in terms of technical performance. In addition, our patch is safe, and healthy older adults are satisfied with it. With lessons learned from the current COVID-19 pandemic, efforts to develop optimal swallowing telerehabilitation devices are more urgent than ever. Upon further validation, this new technology has the potential to improve rehabilitation and telerehabilitation efforts for patients with dysphagia. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12915509.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagla Kantarcigil
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders at Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Min Ku Kim
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Taehoo Chang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Bruce A. Craig
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Anne Smith
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Chi Hwan Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Georgia A. Malandraki
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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Choi JB, Jung YJ, Park JS. Comparison of 2 types of therapeutic exercise: jaw opening exercise and head lift exercise for dysphagic stroke: A pilot study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22136. [PMID: 32957335 PMCID: PMC7505362 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the jaw opening exercise (JOE) on the thickness of the suprahyoid muscle and hyoid bone movement compared with the head lift exercise (HLE) in patients with dysphagia after strokeThis study recruited 30 patients with dysphagia after stroke. The JOE group performed a JOE using a resistance bar. The HLE group performed the traditional HLE. The total intervention duration was 6 weeks. We measured the thickness of the digastric and mylohyoid muscles using ultrasound. Two-dimensional motion analysis of the hyoid bone was performed using Image J software. The Borg rating of the perceived exertion scale was used to assess the intensity level of physical activity during the 2 exercises.Both groups showed a significant increase in the thickness of the digastric and mylohyoid muscles (P < .05). Hyoid bone motion was significantly increased in the anterior and superior movement in both groups (P < .05). After the intervention, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups. The Borg rating of perceived exertion scale for the JOE group was significantly lower than that of the HLE group (P < .05).In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the JOE and the HLE had similar effects with respect to increasing suprahyoid muscle thickness and improving hyoid bone movement. However, the JOE required less perceived exertion than the HLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Bae Choi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Sangji University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Young Jin Jung
- Department of Radiological Science at Health Sciences Division in DongSeo University, Busan, South Korea
- Advanced Human Resource Development Project Group for Health Care in Aging Friendly, Industry, Dongseo University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ji-Su Park
- Advanced Human Resource Development Project Group for Health Care in Aging Friendly, Industry, Dongseo University, Busan, South Korea
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Choi Y, Kim M, Lee B, Yang X, Kim J, Kwon D, Lee SE, Kim H, Nam SI, Hong S, Yang G, Na DL, You H. Development of an Ultrasonic Doppler Sensor-Based Swallowing Monitoring and Assessment System. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20164529. [PMID: 32823533 PMCID: PMC7472343 DOI: 10.3390/s20164529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Existing swallowing evaluation methods using X-ray or endoscopy are qualitative. The present study develops a swallowing monitoring and assessment system (SMAS) that is nonintrusive and quantitative. The SMAS comprises an ultrasonic Doppler sensor array, a microphone, and an inertial measurement unit to measure ultrasound signals originating only from swallowing activities. Ultrasound measurements were collected for combinations of two viscosity conditions (water and yogurt) and two volume conditions (3 mL and 9 mL) from 24 healthy participants (14 males and 10 females; age = 30.5 ± 7.6 years) with no history of swallowing disorders and were quantified for 1st peak amplitude, 2nd peak amplitude, peak-to-peak (PP) time interval, duration, energy, and proportion of two or more peaks. The peak amplitudes and energy significantly decreased by viscosity and the PP time interval and duration increased by volume. The correlation between the time measures were higher (r = 0.78) than that of the amplitude measures (r = 0.30), and the energy highly correlated with the 1st peak amplitude (r = 0.86). The proportion of two or more peaks varied from 76.8% to 87.9% by viscosity and volume. Further research is needed to examine the concurrent validity and generalizability of the ultrasonic Doppler sensor-based SMAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younggeun Choi
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; (Y.C.); (M.K.); (J.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Minjae Kim
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; (Y.C.); (M.K.); (J.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Baekhee Lee
- Body Test Team 3, Hyundai Motor Company, Hwaseong 18280, Korea;
| | - Xiaopeng Yang
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Jinwon Kim
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; (Y.C.); (M.K.); (J.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Dohoon Kwon
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; (Y.C.); (M.K.); (J.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Sang-Eok Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pohang Stroke and Spine Hospital, Pohang 37659, Korea;
| | - HyangHee Kim
- Graduate Program in Speech-Language Pathology, Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Seok In Nam
- Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Saewon Hong
- R&D Research Team, Digital Echo Co., Hwaseong 18385, Korea;
| | - Giltae Yang
- R&D Research Team, SEED Tech. Co., Bucheon 14523, Korea;
| | - Duk L. Na
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Heecheon You
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea; (Y.C.); (M.K.); (J.K.); (D.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-54-279-2210
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Martin-Harris B, Canon CL, Bonilha HS, Murray J, Davidson K, Lefton-Greif MA. Best Practices in Modified Barium Swallow Studies. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2020; 29:1078-1093. [PMID: 32650657 PMCID: PMC7844340 DOI: 10.1044/2020_ajslp-19-00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The modified barium swallow study (MBSS) is a widely used videofluoroscopic evaluation of the functional anatomy and physiology of swallowing that permits visualization of bolus flow throughout the upper aerodigestive tract in real time. The information gained from the examination is critical for identifying and distinguishing the type and severity of swallowing impairment, determining the safety of oral intake, testing the effect of evidence-based frontline interventions, and formulating oral intake recommendations and treatment planning. The goal of this review article is to provide the state of the science and best practices related to MBSS. Method State of the science and best practices for MBSS are reviewed from the perspectives of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and radiologists who clinically practice and conduct research in this area. Current quandaries and emerging clinical and research trends are also considered. Results This document provides an overview of the MBSS and standards for conducting, interpreting, and reporting the exam; the SLPs' and radiologist's perspectives on standardization of the exam; radiation exposure; technical parameters for recording and reviewing the exam; the importance of an interdisciplinary approach with engaged radiologists and SLPs; and special considerations for examinations in children. Conclusions The MBSS is the primary swallowing examination that permits visualization of bolus flow and swallowing movement throughout the upper aerodigestive tract in real time. The clinical validity of the study has been established when conducted using reproducible and validated protocols and metrics applied according to best practices to provide accurate and reliable information necessary to direct treatment planning and limit radiation exposure. Standards and quandaries discussed in this review article, as well as references, provide a basis for understanding the current best practices for MBSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Martin-Harris
- Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Cheri L. Canon
- Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine
| | - Heather Shaw Bonilha
- Department of Health Science and Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Joseph Murray
- Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, MI
| | - Kate Davidson
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Maureen A. Lefton-Greif
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Labeit B, Pawlitzki M, Ruck T, Muhle P, Claus I, Suntrup-Krueger S, Warnecke T, Meuth SG, Wiendl H, Dziewas R. The Impact of Dysphagia in Myositis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2150. [PMID: 32650400 PMCID: PMC7408750 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Dysphagia is a clinical hallmark and part of the current American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) diagnostic criteria for idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM). However, the data on dysphagia in IIM are heterogenous and partly conflicting. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review on epidemiology, pathophysiology, outcome and therapy and a meta-analysis on the prevalence of dysphagia in IIM. (2) Methods: Medline was systematically searched for all relevant articles. A random effect model was chosen to estimate the pooled prevalence of dysphagia in the overall cohort of patients with IIM and in different subgroups. (3) Results: 234 studies were included in the review and 116 (10,382 subjects) in the meta-analysis. Dysphagia can occur as initial or sole symptom. The overall pooled prevalence estimate in IIM was 36% and with 56% particularly high in inclusion body myositis. The prevalence estimate was significantly higher in patients with cancer-associated myositis and with NXP2 autoantibodies. Dysphagia is caused by inflammatory involvement of the swallowing muscles, which can lead to reduced pharyngeal contractility, cricopharyngeal dysfunction, reduced laryngeal elevation and hypomotility of the esophagus. Swallowing disorders not only impair the quality of life but can lead to serious complications such as aspiration pneumonia, thus increasing mortality. Beneficial treatment approaches reported include immunomodulatory therapy, the treatment of associated malignant diseases or interventional procedures targeting the cricopharyngeal muscle such as myotomy, dilatation or botulinum toxin injections. (4) Conclusion: Dysphagia should be included as a therapeutic target, especially in the outlined high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bendix Labeit
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (M.P.); (T.R.); (P.M.); (I.C.); (S.S.-K.); (T.W.); (S.G.M.); (H.W.); (R.D.)
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Marc Pawlitzki
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (M.P.); (T.R.); (P.M.); (I.C.); (S.S.-K.); (T.W.); (S.G.M.); (H.W.); (R.D.)
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (M.P.); (T.R.); (P.M.); (I.C.); (S.S.-K.); (T.W.); (S.G.M.); (H.W.); (R.D.)
| | - Paul Muhle
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (M.P.); (T.R.); (P.M.); (I.C.); (S.S.-K.); (T.W.); (S.G.M.); (H.W.); (R.D.)
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Inga Claus
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (M.P.); (T.R.); (P.M.); (I.C.); (S.S.-K.); (T.W.); (S.G.M.); (H.W.); (R.D.)
| | - Sonja Suntrup-Krueger
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (M.P.); (T.R.); (P.M.); (I.C.); (S.S.-K.); (T.W.); (S.G.M.); (H.W.); (R.D.)
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Tobias Warnecke
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (M.P.); (T.R.); (P.M.); (I.C.); (S.S.-K.); (T.W.); (S.G.M.); (H.W.); (R.D.)
| | - Sven G. Meuth
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (M.P.); (T.R.); (P.M.); (I.C.); (S.S.-K.); (T.W.); (S.G.M.); (H.W.); (R.D.)
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (M.P.); (T.R.); (P.M.); (I.C.); (S.S.-K.); (T.W.); (S.G.M.); (H.W.); (R.D.)
| | - Rainer Dziewas
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (M.P.); (T.R.); (P.M.); (I.C.); (S.S.-K.); (T.W.); (S.G.M.); (H.W.); (R.D.)
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Parreira LC, Salgado-Junior W, Dantas RO. Swallowing in Obese Individuals before and after Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2020; 30:3522-3527. [PMID: 32410149 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04675-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing in obese patients before and after bariatric surgery. MATERIAL AND METHOD Swallowing was evaluated by videofluoroscopy before and after 80 to 123 days from bariatric surgery in 19 individuals with obesity (15 women), aged 25-60 years. The body mass index (BMI) before surgery was from 40.1 to 57.0 kg/m2. The surgical treatment was performed with laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric by-pass (RYGB). After surgery, the BMI ranged from 31.7 to 48.4 kg/m2. The control group had 19 healthy volunteers (15 women), aged 22-56 years and BMI from 19.4 to 29.7 kg/m2. Swallowing was evaluated with swallows of 5 mL of liquid and paste boluses in triplicate, and a solid bolus in duplicate. RESULTS With swallowing of liquid bolus, individuals with obesity had, before and after surgery, an increased frequency of premature posterior spillage. Before the surgery, the obese subjects had longer pharyngeal clearance of liquid compared with the control group and with individuals after the surgery. After the surgery, obese individuals had longer duration of the hyoid movement with liquid and paste boluses, compared with before surgery. Also, there was a reduction of the interval between the bolus entering the phaynx and the onset of upward hyoid excursion. CONCLUSION Non-operated obese patients had a longer pharyngeal clearance for liquid bolus compared with healthy controls. After bariatric surgery, there was an increase in hyoid movement duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Casari Parreira
- Department of Ophtalmology, Otorynolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilson Salgado-Junior
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Oliveira Dantas
- Department of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
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Karsten RT, Ter Beek LC, Jasperse B, van Alphen MJA, Peeters JM, van der Molen L, Hilgers FJM, Stuiver MM, Smeele LE. MRI Assessment of Swallow Muscle Activation with the Swallow Exercise Aid and with Conventional Exercises in Healthy Volunteers: An Explorative Biomechanical Study. Dysphagia 2020; 36:41-53. [PMID: 32200444 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-020-10108-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Swallowing muscle strength exercises are effective in restoring swallowing function. In order to perform the exercises with progressive load, the swallow exercise aid (SEA) was developed. Precise knowledge on which muscles are activated with swallowing exercises, especially with the SEA, is lacking. This knowledge would aid in optimizing the training program to target the relevant swallowing muscles, if necessary. Three healthy volunteers performed the three SEA exercises (chin tuck against resistance, jaw opening against resistance and effortful swallow) and three conventional exercises [conventional effortful swallow (cES), Shaker and Masako] in supine position inside an MRI scanner. Fast muscle functional MRI scans (generating quantitative T2-maps) were made immediately before and after the exercises. Median T2 values at rest and after exercise were compared to identify activated muscles. After the three SEA exercises, the suprahyoid, infrahyoid, sternocleidomastoid, and lateral pterygoid muscles showed significant T2 value increase. After the Shaker, the lateral pterygoid muscles did not show such an increase, but the three other muscle groups did. The cES and Masako caused no significant increase in any of these muscle groups. During conventional (Shaker) exercises, the suprahyoid, infrahyoid, and sternocleidomastoid muscles are activated. During the SEA exercises, the suprahyoid, infrahyoid, sternocleidomastoid, and lateral pterygoid muscles are activated. The findings of this explorative study further support the potential of the SEA to improve swallowing rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca T Karsten
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Leon C Ter Beek
- Department of Medical Physics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Jasperse
- Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten J A van Alphen
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lisette van der Molen
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frans J M Hilgers
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn M Stuiver
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ludi E Smeele
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Moon IY, Yi CH, Park IW, Yong JH. Effects of sitting posture and bolus volume on activation of swallowing-related muscles. J Oral Rehabil 2020; 47:577-583. [PMID: 31926028 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pharyngeal phase is a particularly important clinical factor related to swallowing dysfunctions. Head and neck posture, as well as bolus volume, are important factors affecting the pharyngeal stages of normal swallowing. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to identify the effects of sitting posture and bolus volume on the activation of swallowing-related muscles. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four subjects participated in the study. The subjects were positioned in three sitting postures-slump sitting (SS), lumbo-pelvic upright sitting (LUS), and thoracic upright sitting (TUS). While sitting in the chair, the subject was instructed to swallow 10 and 20 mL of water. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to measure the muscle activity of the supra-hyoid (SH) and infra-hyoid (IH) muscles. Also, sitting posture alignment (head, cervical and shoulder angle) was also performed. Data were analysed with a repeated measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA) using a generalised linear model. RESULTS There was no significant difference in terms of the head angle (P = .395). However, significant differences were found in relation to the cervical angle (P < .001) and shoulder angle (P < .001). The TUS produced the lowest SH EMG activity (P = .001), in comparison to SS and LUS. The bolus volume for 20 mL showed greater SH and IH EMG activity (P < .001) than did the bolus volume for 10 mL. CONCLUSIONS Correcting sitting posture from SS to TUS may better assist swallowing-related muscles with less effort, irrespective of the bolus volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Young Moon
- Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Chung-Hwi Yi
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Il-Woo Park
- Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Joon-Hyoung Yong
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hallym Polytechnic University, Chuncheon, Korea
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Kusumaningsih W, Lestari NI, Harris S, Tamin S, Werdhani RA. The effectivity of pharyngeal strengthening exercise, hyolaryngeal complex range of motion exercise, and swallowing practice in swallowing function of ischemic stroke patients with neurogenic dysphagia. J Exerc Rehabil 2019; 15:769-774. [PMID: 31938697 PMCID: PMC6944868 DOI: 10.12965/jer.19.38652.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysphagia is associated with an increased risk of aspiration pneumonia which often results in death in stroke patients. Therefore, effective and efficient management is important. Behavioral therapy for swallowing rehabilitation based on the principles of neuroplasticity such as oropharyngeal strengthening and range of motion exercises are the alternative ones that often be used. This study aimed to assess the changes in swallowing function in ischemic stroke patients with neurogenic dysphagia after pharyngeal strengthening exercise, hyolaryngeal complex range of motion exercise and swallowing practice. Swallowing function was assessed using Penetration Aspiration Scale (PAS) and Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) based on Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing before and after interventions. The interventions were given every day with a duration of 30–45 minutes for 4 weeks. There were six subjects who completed the study. The PAS before the interventions were 6.00±1.79 and after the interventions was 1.67±0.82 (P=0.003). Meanwhile, the FOIS score before the interventions was 3 (1–5) and after the interventions were 5.00±2.10 (P=0.041). There was an improvement of PAS and FOIS after the interventions. Therefore, the interventions can be suggested to be used as one of the treatments to improve swallowing function in ischemic stroke patients with neurogenic dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nur Indah Lestari
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Salim Harris
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Susyana Tamin
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat-Head and Neck, Faculty of Medicine, University of , Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Retno Asti Werdhani
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Kılınç HE, Arslan SS, Demir N, Karaduman A. The Effects of Different Exercise Trainings on Suprahyoid Muscle Activation, Tongue Pressure Force and Dysphagia Limit in Healthy Subjects. Dysphagia 2019; 35:717-724. [DOI: 10.1007/s00455-019-10079-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Park JS, Hwang NK, Kim HH, Lee G, Jung YJ. Effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined with effortful swallowing using electromyographic biofeedback on oropharyngeal swallowing function in stroke patients with dysphagia: A pilot study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17702. [PMID: 31689798 PMCID: PMC6946517 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electromyographic biofeedback (EMG-BF) is known to be an effective therapy for stroke rehabilitation. However, because few studies have investigated the therapy in patients with dysphagia, its effectiveness is not yet clear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) using EMG-BF on swallowing function in stroke patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia. METHODS In this study, 10 patients with dysphagia were recruited. The 1-group, pre-post study design was adopted. All subjects received NMES combined with EMG-BF in the suprahyoid area. Electrical stimulation was provided as a reward when the electrical signal generated by effortful swallowing reached a preset threshold. The intervention was provided for 30 minutes a day, 5 times a week for 4 weeks. The videofluoroscopic dysphagia scale (VDS) and penetration-aspiration scale (PAS) based on the videofluoroscopic swallowing study were used to evaluate the swallowing function. RESULTS Pre-intervention showed no significant differences in all items of VDS (P > .05). However, there was a statistically significant change in VDS from 13.36 ± 5.94 to 9.36 ± 5.14 (P = .015) in the oral phase, and from 38.36 ± 7.42 to 20.71 ± 14.61 (P = .016) in the pharyngeal phase. The PAS scores showed significant change from 5.14 ± 2.27 to 3.00 ± 1.00 (P = .031). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the use of NMES combined with EMG-BF had the potential to improve oropharyngeal swallowing in stroke patients with dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Su Park
- Advanced Human Resource Development Project Group for Health Care in Aging Friendly Industry, Dongseo University, Busan
| | - Na-Kyoung Hwang
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Seoul North Municipal Hospital, Seoul
| | - Hwan-Hee Kim
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Semyung University, Jecheon
| | - Gihyoun Lee
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Young-Jin Jung
- Department of Radiological Science at Health Sciences Division in DongSeo University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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El Gharib AZG, Berretin-Felix G, Rossoni DF, Seiji Yamada S. Effectiveness of Therapy on Post-Extubation Dysphagia: Clinical and Electromyographic Findings. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS. EAR, NOSE AND THROAT 2019; 12:1179550619873364. [PMID: 31548797 PMCID: PMC6743190 DOI: 10.1177/1179550619873364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients who require prolonged endotracheal intubation (>48 hours) are at risk of dysphagia. Speech-language pathologists should perform swallowing exercises after extubation due to the high probability of developing aspiration pneumonia. There are no studies describing the use of swallowing techniques employed in post-extubation therapy aided by surface electromyography. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of swallowing function therapy in extubated patients after prolonged orotracheal intubation by means of clinical and electromyographic evaluation. METHODS A total of 15 patients were enrolled in this study (average age 48.6 ± 16.5 years). The study was carried out in three phases: (1) Clinical and electromyographic evaluation using the Dysphagia Risk Assessment Protocol following dysphagia scores criteria, and the measurement of the suprahyoid muscles amplitude (μV) expressed by root mean square (RMS), respectively; (2) swallowing rehabilitation program; and (3) reevaluation of patients after therapy. The Wilcoxon paired test assuming a significance level of 5% was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS By means of the swallowing scale, it was verified that patients suffered from severe oropharyngeal dysphagia at the first evaluation (80%), but the rehabilitation therapy reduced clinical signs, persistent only in one patient (6.7%) post-therapy, thus, improving swallowing. Significant differences, pre- and post-therapy, for suprahyoid muscles during maximal voluntary isometric contractions of right (P = .0067) and left (P = .0215), saliva swallowing by right (P = .0413) and left (P = .0151), and liquid swallowing by right (P = .0479) and left (P = .0215) sides, were found, as shown by electromyography. CONCLUSIONS Swallowing exercises carried out by extubated patients after prolonged orotracheal intubation increased neuromuscular recruitment of suprahyoid muscles involved with swallowing and reduced dysphagia levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giédre Berretin-Felix
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology,
Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pearson WG, Griffeth JV, Ennis AM. Functional Anatomy Underlying Pharyngeal Swallowing Mechanics and Swallowing Performance Goals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1044/2019_pers-sig13-2018-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Rehabilitation of pharyngeal swallowing dysfunction requires a thorough understanding of the functional anatomy underlying the performance goals of pharyngeal swallowing. These goals include the safe and efficient transfer of a bolus through the hypopharynx into the esophagus. Penetration or aspiration of a bolus threatens swallowing safety. Bolus residue indicates swallowing inefficiency. Several primary mechanics, or elements of the swallowing mechanism, underlie these performance goals, with some elements contributing to both goals. These primary mechanics include velopharyngeal port closure, hyoid movement, laryngeal elevation, pharyngeal shortening, tongue base retraction, and pharyngeal constriction. Each element of the swallowing mechanism is under neuromuscular control and is therefore, in principle, a potential target for rehabilitation. Secondary mechanics of pharyngeal swallowing, those movements dependent on primary mechanics, include opening the upper esophageal sphincter and epiglottic inversion.
Conclusion
Understanding the functional anatomy of pharyngeal swallowing underlying swallowing performance goals will facilitate anatomically informed critical thinking in the rehabilitation of pharyngeal swallowing dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G. Pearson
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of Georgia,Augusta University
| | | | - Alexis M. Ennis
- Department of Academic Affairs, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
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50
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Hosseini P, Tadavarthi Y, Martin‐Harris B, Pearson WG. Functional Modules of Pharyngeal Swallowing Mechanics. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2019; 4:341-346. [PMID: 31236469 PMCID: PMC6580054 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present retrospective cohort study aims to test the hypothesis that elements of swallowing mechanics including hyoid movement, laryngeal elevation, tongue base retraction, pharyngeal shortening, pharyngeal constriction, and head and neck extension can be grouped into functional modules, and that these modules are predictably altered in disease states. METHODS Modified barium swallow video clips of a thick and a thin liquid swallow from 40 normal patients and 10 dysphagic post-treatment oropharyngeal head-and-neck cancer (HNC) patients were used in this study. Coordinate locations of 12 anatomical landmarks mapping pharyngeal swallowing mechanics were tracked on every frame during the pharyngeal phase of each swallow using a custom-made MATLAB tool. Morphometric modularity hypothesis testing was performed on these coordinate data to characterize the modular elements of swallowing function in each cohort using MorphoJ software. RESULTS The elements of normal swallowing can be grouped into four functional modules including bolus propulsion, pharyngeal shortening, airway protection, and head and neck posture. Modularity in HNC patient showed an intact airway protection module but altered bolus propulsion and pharyngeal shortening modules. To cross-validate the alteration in modules, a post hoc analysis was performed, which showed significantly increased vallecular (P < .04) and piriform (P < .05) residue but no significant change in aspiration status in the HNC cohort versus controls. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that while pharyngeal swallowing mechanics is highly complex, the system is organized into functional modules, and that changes in modularity impacts swallowing performance. This approach to understanding swallowing function may help the patient care team better address swallowing difficulties. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Hosseini
- Medical College of Georgia (MCG)Augusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaU.S.A.
| | | | - Bonnie Martin‐Harris
- Department of Communication Sciences and DisordersSchool of Communication, Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisU.S.A.
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisU.S.A.
- Department of Radiation OncologyFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisU.S.A.
| | - William G. Pearson
- Department of Cellular Biology and AnatomyMCG, Augusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaU.S.A.
- Department of OtolaryngologyMCG, Augusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaU.S.A.
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