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Yadav AK, Basavegowda N, Shirin S, Raju S, Sekar R, Somu P, Uthappa UT, Abdi G. Emerging Trends of Gold Nanostructures for Point-of-Care Biosensor-Based Detection of COVID-19. Mol Biotechnol 2025; 67:1398-1422. [PMID: 38703305 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
In 2019, a worldwide pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged. SARS-CoV-2 is the deadly microorganism responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has caused millions of deaths and irreversible health problems worldwide. To restrict the spread of SARS-CoV-2, accurate detection of COVID-19 is essential for the identification and control of infected cases. Although recent detection technologies such as the real-time polymerase chain reaction delivers an accurate diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, they require a long processing duration, expensive equipment, and highly skilled personnel. Therefore, a rapid diagnosis with accurate results is indispensable to offer effective disease suppression. Nanotechnology is the backbone of current science and technology developments including nanoparticles (NPs) that can biomimic the corona and develop deep interaction with its proteins because of their identical structures on the nanoscale. Various NPs have been extensively applied in numerous medical applications, including implants, biosensors, drug delivery, and bioimaging. Among them, point-of-care biosensors mediated with gold nanoparticles (GNPSs) have received great attention due to their accurate sensing characteristics, which are widely used in the detection of amino acids, enzymes, DNA, and RNA in samples. GNPS have reconstructed the biomedical application of biosensors because of its outstanding physicochemical characteristics. This review provides an overview of emerging trends in GNP-mediated point-of-care biosensor strategies for diagnosing various mutated forms of human coronaviruses that incorporate different transducers and biomarkers. The review also specifically highlights trends in gold nanobiosensors for coronavirus detection, ranging from the initial COVID-19 outbreak to its subsequent evolution into a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, 413310, Taiwan
- Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Nagaraj Basavegowda
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38451, Republic of Korea
| | - Saba Shirin
- Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Vocational Studies and Applied Sciences, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, 201312, India
| | - Shiji Raju
- Bioengineering and Nano Medicine Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Rajkumar Sekar
- Department of Chemistry, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, GST Road, Chinna Kolambakkam, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603308, India
| | - Prathap Somu
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, School of Civil, Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Off. Jaipur-Ajmeer Expressway, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India.
| | - U T Uthappa
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Bioengineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Gholamreza Abdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran.
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Davenport C, Arevalo-Rodriguez I, Mateos-Haro M, Berhane S, Dinnes J, Spijker R, Buitrago-Garcia D, Ciapponi A, Takwoingi Y, Deeks JJ, Emperador D, Leeflang MMG, Van den Bruel A. The effect of sample site and collection procedure on identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2024; 12:CD014780. [PMID: 39679851 PMCID: PMC11648846 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd014780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sample collection is a key driver of accuracy in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Viral load may vary at different anatomical sampling sites and accuracy may be compromised by difficulties obtaining specimens and the expertise of the person taking the sample. It is important to optimise sampling accuracy within cost, safety and accessibility constraints. OBJECTIVES To compare the sensitivity of different sampling collection sites and methods for the detection of current SARS-CoV-2 infection with any molecular or antigen-based test. SEARCH METHODS Electronic searches of the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register and the COVID-19 Living Evidence Database from the University of Bern (which includes daily updates from PubMed and Embase and preprints from medRxiv and bioRxiv) were undertaken on 22 February 2022. We included independent evaluations from national reference laboratories, FIND and the Diagnostics Global Health website. We did not apply language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA We included studies of symptomatic or asymptomatic people with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection undergoing testing. We included studies of any design that compared results from different sample types (anatomical location, operator, collection device) collected from the same participant within a 24-hour period. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Within a sample pair, we defined a reference sample and an index sample collected from the same participant within the same clinical encounter (within 24 hours). Where the sample comparison was different anatomical sites, the reference standard was defined as a nasopharyngeal or combined naso/oropharyngeal sample collected into the same sample container and the index sample as the alternative anatomical site. Where the sample comparison was concerned with differences in the sample collection method from the same site, we defined the reference sample as that closest to standard practice for that sample type. Where the sample pair comparison was concerned with differences in personnel collecting the sample, the more skilled or experienced operator was considered the reference sample. Two review authors independently assessed the risk of bias and applicability concerns using the QUADAS-2 and QUADAS-C checklists, tailored to this review. We present estimates of the difference in the sensitivity (reference sample (%) minus index sample sensitivity (%)) in a pair and as an average across studies for each index sampling method using forest plots and tables. We examined heterogeneity between studies according to population (age, symptom status) and index sample (time post-symptom onset, operator expertise, use of transport medium) characteristics. MAIN RESULTS This review includes 106 studies reporting 154 evaluations and 60,523 sample pair comparisons, of which 11,045 had SARS-CoV-2 infection. Ninety evaluations were of saliva samples, 37 nasal, seven oropharyngeal, six gargle, six oral and four combined nasal/oropharyngeal samples. Four evaluations were of the effect of operator expertise on the accuracy of three different sample types. The majority of included evaluations (146) used molecular tests, of which 140 used RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). Eight evaluations were of nasal samples used with Ag-RDTs (rapid antigen tests). The majority of studies were conducted in Europe (35/106, 33%) or the USA (27%) and conducted in dedicated COVID-19 testing clinics or in ambulatory hospital settings (53%). Targeted screening or contact tracing accounted for only 4% of evaluations. Where reported, the majority of evaluations were of adults (91/154, 59%), 28 (18%) were in mixed populations with only seven (4%) in children. The median prevalence of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 was 23% (interquartile (IQR) 13%-40%). Risk of bias and applicability assessment were hampered by poor reporting in 77% and 65% of included studies, respectively. Risk of bias was low across all domains in only 3% of evaluations due to inappropriate inclusion or exclusion criteria, unclear recruitment, lack of blinding, nonrandomised sampling order or differences in testing kit within a sample pair. Sixty-eight percent of evaluation cohorts were judged as being at high or unclear applicability concern either due to inflation of the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in study populations by selectively including individuals with confirmed PCR-positive samples or because there was insufficient detail to allow replication of sample collection. When used with RT-PCR • There was no evidence of a difference in sensitivity between gargle and nasopharyngeal samples (on average -1 percentage points, 95% CI -5 to +2, based on 6 evaluations, 2138 sample pairs, of which 389 had SARS-CoV-2). • There was no evidence of a difference in sensitivity between saliva collection from the deep throat and nasopharyngeal samples (on average +10 percentage points, 95% CI -1 to +21, based on 2192 sample pairs, of which 730 had SARS-CoV-2). • There was evidence that saliva collection using spitting, drooling or salivating was on average -12 percentage points less sensitive (95% CI -16 to -8, based on 27,253 sample pairs, of which 4636 had SARS-CoV-2) compared to nasopharyngeal samples. We did not find any evidence of a difference in the sensitivity of saliva collected using spitting, drooling or salivating (sensitivity difference: range from -13 percentage points (spit) to -21 percentage points (salivate)). • Nasal samples (anterior and mid-turbinate collection combined) were, on average, 12 percentage points less sensitive compared to nasopharyngeal samples (95% CI -17 to -7), based on 9291 sample pairs, of which 1485 had SARS-CoV-2. We did not find any evidence of a difference in sensitivity between nasal samples collected from the mid-turbinates (3942 sample pairs) or from the anterior nares (8272 sample pairs). • There was evidence that oropharyngeal samples were, on average, 17 percentage points less sensitive than nasopharyngeal samples (95% CI -29 to -5), based on seven evaluations, 2522 sample pairs, of which 511 had SARS-CoV-2. A much smaller volume of evidence was available for combined nasal/oropharyngeal samples and oral samples. Age, symptom status and use of transport media do not appear to affect the sensitivity of saliva samples and nasal samples. When used with Ag-RDTs • There was no evidence of a difference in sensitivity between nasal samples compared to nasopharyngeal samples (sensitivity, on average, 0 percentage points -0.2 to +0.2, based on 3688 sample pairs, of which 535 had SARS-CoV-2). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS When used with RT-PCR, there is no evidence for a difference in sensitivity of self-collected gargle or deep-throat saliva samples compared to nasopharyngeal samples collected by healthcare workers when used with RT-PCR. Use of these alternative, self-collected sample types has the potential to reduce cost and discomfort and improve the safety of sampling by reducing risk of transmission from aerosol spread which occurs as a result of coughing and gagging during the nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal sample collection procedure. This may, in turn, improve access to and uptake of testing. Other types of saliva, nasal, oral and oropharyngeal samples are, on average, less sensitive compared to healthcare worker-collected nasopharyngeal samples, and it is unlikely that sensitivities of this magnitude would be acceptable for confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection with RT-PCR. When used with Ag-RDTs, there is no evidence of a difference in sensitivity between nasal samples and healthcare worker-collected nasopharyngeal samples for detecting SARS-CoV-2. The implications of this for self-testing are unclear as evaluations did not report whether nasal samples were self-collected or collected by healthcare workers. Further research is needed in asymptomatic individuals, children and in Ag-RDTs, and to investigate the effect of operator expertise on accuracy. Quality assessment of the evidence base underpinning these conclusions was restricted by poor reporting. There is a need for further high-quality studies, adhering to reporting standards for test accuracy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Davenport
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Health Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ingrid Arevalo-Rodriguez
- Clinical Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS). CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Mateos-Haro
- Clinical Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS). CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Medicine and Public Health Programme, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Sarah Berhane
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Health Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jacqueline Dinnes
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Health Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - René Spijker
- Medical Library, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cochrane Netherlands, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Diana Buitrago-Garcia
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Hospital Universitario Mayor - Méderi. Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Agustín Ciapponi
- Argentine Cochrane Centre, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yemisi Takwoingi
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Health Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jonathan J Deeks
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Health Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Mariska M G Leeflang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ann Van den Bruel
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Kyung K, Lee H, Kim SK, Kim DE. Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Assay Implemented with Isothermal Gene Amplification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:585. [PMID: 39727850 DOI: 10.3390/bios14120585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2024] [Revised: 11/28/2024] [Accepted: 11/30/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024]
Abstract
We developed a rapid and sensitive diagnostic platform that integrates isothermal viral gene amplification with a nucleic acid lateral flow assay (NALFA) to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Isothermal gene amplification was performed by combining reverse transcription of viral RNA with recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). In our diagnostic platform, DNA primers for the RPA reaction were modified by appending DNA tails, enabling the synthesis of tailed amplicon DNAs. These tailed amplicon DNAs were subsequently annealed to the complementary capture DNA probe affixed to the lateral flow strip during the NALFA of the reaction samples. The other side of each amplicon DNA tail was annealed to the reporter probe DNA conjugated with gold nanoparticles to visually detect the test line in the strip. This diagnostic platform reduces the time required to obtain readouts to within 1 h and can detect viral RNA concentrations as low as 3.1 cp/μL. Furthermore, when applied to nasopharyngeal clinical samples, our NALFA diagnostic platform yielded highly reliable molecular diagnostic readouts that were 100% consistent with the results of conventional RT-qPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangwuk Kyung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Eun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Uniwon PharmGene Inc., 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Zhang T, Gong J, Han Q, Hu W, Yan F, Liu J. Nanogold amplified electrochemiluminescence/electrochemistry in bipolar silica nanochannel array for ultrasensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses. Talanta 2024; 277:126319. [PMID: 38805946 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The prompt and accurate point-of-care test (POCT) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in infected persons or virus-containing environmental samples is of great importance. The present work reports a highly integrated electrochemiluminescence/electrochemical (ECL/EC) sensor for determination of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses, in which bio-recognition element (SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody), bifunctional probe (tris (2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium (Ru(bpy)32+)), and amplification material (gold nanoparticles (Au NPs)) are designed into bipolar silica nanochannel array (bp-SNA). bp-SNA consisting of homogeneous two-layer mesoporous silica films bears inner silanol groups and outer amino groups, generating a solid "electrostatic nanocage" for stable confinement of Ru(bpy)32+ and Au NPs inside the nanochannels and further providing functional sites for covalent modification of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody. Owing to the preconcentration capacity of bp-SNA and amplified effect of Au NPs, ECL or EC signals of Ru(bpy)32+ can be remarkably promoted and thereby increase the analytical performance, which can be diminished by immunorecognization of target SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses on the sensing interface. The developed integrated ECL/EC sensor based on Ru@AuNPs/bp-SNA modified solid indium tin oxide electrode enables the sensitive analysis of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses by ECL mode with a linear range of 50 TU mL-1-5000 TU mL-1, as well as the EC mode with a linear range of 100 TU mL-1-5000 TU mL-1. Moreover, the designed sensor showed satisfactory results in the analyses of saliva and pond water samples. When flexible electrode substate (polyethylene terephthalate) is employed, Ru@AuNPs/bp-SNA has great potential to integrate with KN95 face masks for direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses produced from breathing, talking and coughing processes, which could provide an efficient platform for POCT diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jiawei Gong
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Qianqian Han
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Jiyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Zhang H, Huang J, Zhang K. COVID-19 pandemic impact on mental and professional cognition: A questionnaire survey on a sample of GP trainees and GPs. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:3603-3607. [PMID: 39464985 PMCID: PMC11504809 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1544_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Since the outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), general practitioners (GPs) have been working in the frontline under psychological and physical pressure. This study aims to evaluate the psychological health, career prospective, attitudes toward educational mode changes, and knowledge about COVID-19. Methods An online anonymous questionnaire survey was carried out on GP trainees and GPs from June 2022 to September 2022. The survey mainly consisted of four parts: 1) general information; 2) level of knowledge about COVID-19; 3) psychological and physical health impact; and 4) changes in professional perception. Results The total knowledge score of 43 GP trainees and 38 GPs was 334 and 283, respectively, without significant difference (z = -0.839, P = 0.402). There was no statistical difference between the scores of GP trainees and GPs for each subindicator of mental and physical disorders. Eleven GP trainees and four GPs had severe psychological disorder subindexes. Severe somatization disorder subindexes were found in eight GP trainees and five GPs. Also, 67.44% of GP trainees and 52.63% of GPs had a positive attitude toward GP career. Moreover, 62.79% of GP trainees and 52.63% of GPs considered the epidemic had no impact on their professional cognition. Among GP trainees, 62.8% and 32.6% considered the epidemic had no or slight impact on their academic activities, respectively. Also, 53.5% and 44.2% of GP trainees partially and fully approved online teaching, respectively. The most popular forms were live and recorded courses. Conclusions COVID-19 pandemic had no noticeable impact on their physical and mental health and their attitude toward GP career.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- Department of General Practice, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Lingnan Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiabao Huang
- Department of General Practice, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Lingnan Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kouxing Zhang
- Department of General Practice, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Lingnan Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
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Ding J, Chen K, Wu X. Identification of lung adenocarcinoma subtypes based on mitochondrial energy metabolism-related genes. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 44:568-586. [PMID: 38920027 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2369093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients based on mitochondrial energy metabolism and immunotherapy sensitivity is essential for precision cancer treatment. METHODS LUAD subtypes were identified using unsupervised consensus clustering, and results were subjected to immune and tumor mutation analyses. DEGs between subtypes were identified by differential analysis. Functional enrichment and PPI network analyses were conducted. Patients were classified into high and low expression groups based on the expression of the top 10 hub genes, and survival analysis was performed. Drugs sensitive to feature genes were screened based on the correlation between hub gene expression and drug IC50 value. qRT-PCR and western blot were used for gene expression detection, and CCK-8 and flow cytometry were for cell viability and apoptosis analysis. RESULTS Cluster-1 had significantly higher overall survival and a higher degree of immunoinfiltration and immunophenotypic score, but a lower TIDE score, DEPTH score, and TMB. Enrichment analysis showed that pathways and functions of DEGs between two clusters were mainly related to the interaction of receptor ligands with intracellular proteases. High expression of hub genes corresponded to lower patient survival rates. The predicted drugs with high sensitivity to feature genes were CDK1: Ribavirin (0.476), CCNB2: Hydroxyurea (0.474), Chelerythrine (0.470), and KIF11: Ribavirin (0.471). KIF11 and CCNB2 were highly expressed in LUAD cells and promoted cell viability and inhibited cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION This study identified two subtypes of LUAD, with cluster-1 being more suitable for immunotherapy. These results provided a reference for the development of precision immunotherapy for LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Ding
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lishui People's Hospital, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
| | - Keng Chen
- Medical College of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuhui Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lishui People's Hospital, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China
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Dakuyo R, Konaté K, Kaboré K, Sanou A, Konkobo FA, Bazié D, Sama H, Dicko MH. Ascorbic acid, pigments, anti-nutritional factors, and nutraceutical potential of Anacardium occidentale fruits as affected by temperature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2163661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Dakuyo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition (LABIOTAN), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Kiessoun Konaté
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition (LABIOTAN), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Applied Sciences and Technologies Training and Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Dedougou, Dedougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Kabakdé Kaboré
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition (LABIOTAN), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoudramane Sanou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition (LABIOTAN), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Frédéric Anderson Konkobo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition (LABIOTAN), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - David Bazié
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition (LABIOTAN), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Hemayoro Sama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Chemistry (LABIOCA), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Mamoudou Hama Dicko
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Food Technology and Nutrition (LABIOTAN), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Wong YHM, Lim JT, Griffiths J, Lee B, Maliki D, Thompson J, Wong M, Chae SR, Teoh YL, Ho ZJM, Lee V, Cook AR, Tay M, Wong JCC, Ng LC. Positive association of SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in wastewater and reported COVID-19 cases in Singapore - A study across three populations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166446. [PMID: 37604378 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater testing of SARS-CoV-2 has been adopted globally and has shown to be a useful, non-intrusive surveillance method for monitoring COVID-19 trends. In Singapore, wastewater surveillance has been widely implemented across various sites and has facilitated timely COVID-19 management and response. From April 2020 to February 2022, SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in wastewater monitored across three populations, nationally, in the community, and in High Density Living Environments (HDLEs) were aggregated into indices and compared with reported COVID-19 cases and hospitalisations. Temporal trends and associations of these indices were compared descriptively and quantitatively, using Poisson Generalised Linear Models and Generalised Additive Models. National vaccination rates and vaccine breakthrough infection rates were additionally considered as confounders to shedding. Fitted models quantified the temporal associations between the indices and cases and COVID-related hospitalisations. At the national level, the wastewater index was a leading indicator of COVID-19 cases (p-value <0.001) of one week, and a contemporaneous association with hospitalisations (p-value <0.001) was observed. At finer levels of surveillance, the community index was observed to be contemporaneously associated with COVID-19 cases (p-value <0.001) and had a lagging association of 1-week in HDLEs (p-value <0.001). These temporal differences were attributed to differences in testing routines for different sites during the study period and the timeline of COVID-19 progression in infected persons. Overall, this study demonstrates the utility of wastewater surveillance in understanding underlying COVID-19 transmission and shedding levels, particularly for areas with falling or low case ascertainment. In such settings, wastewater surveillance showed to be a lead indicator of COVID-19 cases. The findings also underscore the potential of wastewater surveillance for monitoring other infectious diseases threats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jue Tao Lim
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jane Griffiths
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Lee
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore
| | | | - Janelle Thompson
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore; Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Michelle Wong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Sae-Rom Chae
- Ministry of Health, Singapore; National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore
| | - Yee Leong Teoh
- Ministry of Health, Singapore; National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore
| | | | | | - Alex R Cook
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Martin Tay
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore
| | | | - Lee Ching Ng
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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9
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Xia Y, Sun J. Microbiome and intestinal pathophysiology in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. Genes Dis 2023; 11:S2352-3042(23)00223-4. [PMID: 37362775 PMCID: PMC10278891 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Long COVID, also known for post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, describes the people who have the signs and symptoms that continue or develop after the acute COVID-19 phase. Long COVID patients suffer from an inflammation or host responses towards the virus approximately 4 weeks after initial infection with the SARS CoV-2 virus and continue for an uncharacterized duration. Anyone infected with COVID-19 before could experience long-COVID conditions, including the patients who were infected with SARS CoV-2 virus confirmed by tests and those who never knew they had an infection early. People with long COVID may experience health problems from different types and combinations of symptoms over time, such as fatigue, dyspnea, cognitive impairments, and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, decreased or loss of appetite, abdominal pain, and dysgeusia). The critical role of the microbiome in these GI symptoms and long COVID were reported in clinical patients and experimental models. Here, we provide an overall view of the critical role of the GI tract and microbiome in the development of long COVID, including the clinical GI symptoms in patients, dysbiosis, viral-microbiome interactions, barrier function, and inflammatory bowel disease patients with long COVID. We highlight the potential mechanisms and possible treatment based on GI health and microbiome. Finally, we discuss challenges and future direction in the long COVID clinic and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yongguo Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yinglin Xia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- UIC Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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10
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Scaglione S, Gotta F, Vay D, Leli C, Roveta A, Maconi A, Rocchetti A. Rapid RT-PCR identification of SARS-CoV-2 in screening donors of fecal microbiota transplantation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17438. [PMID: 37366528 PMCID: PMC10277158 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its first appearance in late 2019 in Wuhan, China, severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had a major impact on healthcare facilities around the world. Although in the past year, mass vaccination and the development of monoclonal antibody treatments have reduced the number of deaths and severe cases, the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 remains high. Over the past two years, diagnostics have played a crucial role in virus containment both in health care facilities and at the community level. For SARS-CoV-2 detection, the commonly used specimen type is the nasopharyngeal swab, although the virus can be identified in other matrices such as feces. Since fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) assumes significant importance in the treatment of chronic gut infections and that feces may be a potential vehicle for transmission of SARS-CoV-2, in this study we have evaluated the performance of the rapid cartridge-based RT-PCR test STANDARD™ M10 SARS-CoV-2 (SD Biosensor Inc., Suwon, South Korea) using fecal samples. The results obtained indicates that STANDARD™ M10 SARS-CoV-2 can detect SARS-CoV-2 in stool samples even at low concentration. For this reason, STANDARD™ M10 SARS-CoV-2 could be used as reliable methods for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in fecal samples and for the screening of FMT donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Scaglione
- Microbiology Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy, EU
| | - Franca Gotta
- Microbiology Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy, EU
| | - Daria Vay
- Microbiology Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy, EU
| | - Christian Leli
- Microbiology Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy, EU
| | - Annalisa Roveta
- Research Training Innovation Infrastructure, Research and Innovation Department (DAIRI), Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Antonio Maconi
- Research Training Innovation Infrastructure, Research and Innovation Department (DAIRI), Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Andrea Rocchetti
- Microbiology Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy, EU
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11
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Zhang J, Tang L, Liu D, Zhang S, Ding X, Gao G, Deng X, Liu Z, Tian X, He W, Hu B, Huang Z. Reducing COVID-19 diagnostic errors with dNTPαSe supplementation. Analyst 2023; 148:1214-1220. [PMID: 36825426 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01698b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Timely and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 is critical for controlling the pandemic. As the standard method to diagnose SARS-CoV-2, the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) has good convenience. However, RT-qPCR still has a relatively high false-negative rate, particularly in the case of detecting low viral loads. In this study, using selenium-modified nucleoside triphosphates (dNTPαSe) in the RT-PCR reactions, we successfully increased the detection sensitivity and reduced the false-negative rate in COVID-19 diagnosis. By detecting positive controls, pseudovirus, and clinical samples with the commercial kits, we found that the dNTPαSe supplementation to these kits could generally offer smaller Ct values, permit the viral detection even in single-digit copies, and increase the detection specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy, thereby reducing the false-negative rate. Our experimental results demonstrated that dNTPαSe supplementation can make the commercial kits more specific, sensitive, and accurate, and this method is a convenient and efficient strategy for the disease detection and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610064. .,SeNA Research Institute and Szostak-CDHT Large Nucleic Acids Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610064.
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610064.
| | - Shun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610064.
| | - Xiaoling Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610064.
| | - Guolong Gao
- Sichuan International Travel Health Care Center (Chengdu Customs Port Clinic), China.
| | - Xiaodong Deng
- Sichuan International Travel Health Care Center (Chengdu Customs Port Clinic), China.
| | - Zhengying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610064.
| | - Xi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610064.
| | - Wei He
- Sichuan International Travel Health Care Center (Chengdu Customs Port Clinic), China.
| | - Bei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610064.
| | - Zhen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610064. .,SeNA Research Institute and Szostak-CDHT Large Nucleic Acids Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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12
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Davis A, Keely SP, Brinkman NE, Bohrer Z, Ai Y, Mou X, Chattopadhyay S, Hershey O, Senko J, Hull N, Lytmer E, Quintero A, Lee J. Evaluation of intra- and inter-lab variability in quantifying SARS-CoV-2 in a state-wide wastewater monitoring network. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE : WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 9:1053-1068. [PMID: 37701755 PMCID: PMC10494892 DOI: 10.1039/d2ew00737a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
In December 2019, SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019, was first reported and subsequently triggered a global pandemic. Wastewater monitoring, a strategy for quantifying viral gene concentrations from wastewater influents within a community, has served as an early warning and management tool for the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in a community. Ohio built a collaborative statewide wastewater monitoring network that is supported by eight labs (university, government, and commercial laboratories) with unique sample processing workflows. Consequently, we sought to characterize the variability in wastewater monitoring results for network labs. Across seven trials between October 2020 and November 2021, eight participating labs successfully quantified two SARS-CoV-2 RNA targets and human fecal indicator virus targets in wastewater sample aliquots with reproducible results, although recovery efficiencies of spiked surrogates ranged from 3 to 75%. When SARS-CoV-2 gene fragment concentrations were adjusted for recovery efficiency and flow, the proportion of variance between laboratories was minimized, serving as the best model to account for between-lab variance. Another adjustment factor (alone and in different combinations with the above factors) considered to account for sample and measurement variability includes fecal marker normalization. Genetic quantification variability can be attributed to many factors, including the methods, individual samples, and water quality parameters. In addition, statistically significant correlations were observed between SARS-CoV-2 RNA and COVID-19 case numbers, supporting the notion that wastewater surveillance continues to serve as an effective monitoring tool. This study serves as a real-time example of multi-laboratory collaboration for public health preparedness for infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Davis
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Scott P Keely
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, USA
| | - Nichole E Brinkman
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, USA
| | | | - Yuehan Ai
- Department of Food Science & Technology, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Xiaozhen Mou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, USA
| | - Saurabh Chattopadhyay
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Biology and Department of Geosciences, University of Toledo, USA
| | - Olivia Hershey
- Department of Geosciences and Biology, University of Akron, USA
| | - John Senko
- Department of Geosciences and Biology, University of Akron, USA
| | - Natalie Hull
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering and Sustainability Institute, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Eva Lytmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, USA
| | | | - Jiyoung Lee
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Food Science & Technology, The Ohio State University, USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, USA
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13
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Ulukaya S, Sarıca AA, Erdem O, Karaali A. MSCCov19Net: multi-branch deep learning model for COVID-19 detection from cough sounds. Med Biol Eng Comput 2023:10.1007/s11517-023-02803-4. [PMID: 36828944 PMCID: PMC9955529 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-023-02803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus has an impact on millions of lives and has been added to the important pandemics that continue to affect with its variants. Since it is transmitted through the respiratory tract, it has had significant effects on public health and social relations. Isolating people who are COVID positive can minimize the transmission, therefore several exams are proposed to detect the virus such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), chest X-Ray, and computed tomography (CT). However, these methods suffer from either a low detection rate or high radiation dosage, along with being expensive. In this study, deep neural network-based model capable of detecting coronavirus from only coughing sound, which is fast, remotely operable and has no harmful side effects, has been proposed. The proposed multi-branch model takes M el Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), S pectrogram, and C hromagram as inputs and is abbreviated as MSCCov19Net. The system is trained on publicly available crowdsourced datasets, and tested on two unseen (used only for testing) clinical and non-clinical datasets. Experimental outcomes represent that the proposed system outperforms the 6 popular deep learning architectures on four datasets by representing a better generalization ability. The proposed system has reached an accuracy of 61.5 % in Virufy and 90.4 % in NoCoCoDa for unseen test datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezer Ulukaya
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Trakya University, Edirne, 22030 Turkey
| | - Ahmet Alp Sarıca
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Trakya University, Edirne, 22030 Turkey
| | - Oğuzhan Erdem
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Trakya University, Edirne, 22030 Turkey
| | - Ali Karaali
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 R590 Ireland
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14
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Maruyama S, Wada D, Oishi T, Saito F, Yoshiya K, Nakamori Y, Kuwagata Y. A descriptive study of abdominal complications in patients with mild COVID-19 presenting to the emergency department: a single-center experience in Japan during the omicron variant phase. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:43. [PMID: 36800938 PMCID: PMC9938954 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is widely known to induce a variety of extrapulmonary manifestations. Gastrointestinal symptoms have been identified as the most common extra-pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19, with an incidence reported to range from 3 to 61%. Although previous reports have addressed abdominal complications with COVID-19, these have not been adequately elucidated for the omicron variant. The aim of our study was to clarify the diagnosis of concomitant abdominal diseases in patients with mild COVID-19 who presented to hospital with abdominal symptoms during the sixth and seventh waves of the pandemic of the omicron variant in Japan. METHODS This study was a retrospective, single-center, descriptive study. In total, 2291 consecutive patients with COVID-19 who visited the Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Osaka, Japan, between January 2022 and September 2022 were potentially eligible for the study. Patients delivered by ambulance or transferred from other hospitals were not included. We collected and described physical examination results, medical history, laboratory data, computed tomography findings and treatments. Data collected included diagnostic characteristics, abdominal symptoms, extra-abdominal symptoms and complicated diagnosis other than that of COVID-19 for abdominal symptoms. RESULTS Abdominal symptoms were present in 183 patients with COVID-19. The number of patients with each abdominal symptom were as follows: nausea and vomiting (86/183, 47%), abdominal pain (63/183, 34%), diarrhea (61/183, 33%), gastrointestinal bleeding (20/183, 11%) and anorexia (6/183, 3.3%). Of these patients, 17 were diagnosed as having acute hemorrhagic colitis, five had drug-induced adverse events, two had retroperitoneal hemorrhage, two had appendicitis, two had choledocholithiasis, two had constipation, and two had anuresis, among others. The localization of acute hemorrhagic colitis was the left-sided colon in all cases. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that acute hemorrhagic colitis was characteristic in mild cases of the omicron variant of COVID-19 with gastrointestinal bleeding. When examining patients with mild COVID-19 with gastrointestinal bleeding, the potential for acute hemorrhagic colitis should be kept in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Maruyama
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, 10-15 Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka, 570-8507, Japan.
| | - Daiki Wada
- grid.410783.90000 0001 2172 5041Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, 10-15 Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8507 Japan
| | - Takahiro Oishi
- grid.410783.90000 0001 2172 5041Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, 10-15 Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8507 Japan
| | - Fukuki Saito
- grid.410783.90000 0001 2172 5041Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, 10-15 Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8507 Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Yoshiya
- grid.410783.90000 0001 2172 5041Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, 10-15 Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8507 Japan
| | - Yasushi Nakamori
- grid.410783.90000 0001 2172 5041Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, 10-15 Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8507 Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kuwagata
- grid.410783.90000 0001 2172 5041Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kansai Medical University Hospital, 2-3-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1191 Japan
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15
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de Jong FC, GeurtsvanKessel CH, Molenkamp R, Bangma CH, Zuiverloon TCM. Sewage surveillance system using urological wastewater: Key to COVID-19 monitoring? Urol Oncol 2023; 41:70-75. [PMID: 33127302 PMCID: PMC7553066 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Since December 2019, the emergence of a new Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a global coronavirus pandemic disease (COVID-19), with devastating consequences for all healthcare worldwide, including urological care. COVID-19 has led to concern among urological healthcare workers about viral presence, detection and routes of transmission during routine clinical practice. The potential presence of (active) virus in bodily fluids of COVID-19 patients remains a continuing topic of debate. Therefore, we highlight viral detection methods and review the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in urine, feces, and semen. Finally, we discuss how excretion of virus particles through urological bodily fluids might be pivotal to epidemiologic monitoring and control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florus C de Jong
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Chris H Bangma
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Chinabut P, Sawangkla N, Wattano S, Thavorasak T, Bootsongkorn W, Tungtrongchitr A, Ruenchit P. Formalin Inactivation of Virus for Safe Downstream Processing of Routine Stool Parasite Examination during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030466. [PMID: 36766571 PMCID: PMC9914773 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the parasitology laboratories dealing with fecal samples for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal parasitic infections are confronting the unsaved virus-containing samples. To allow for safe downstream processing of the fecal samples, a protocol for preparing a fecal smear is urgently needed. Formalin was tested with or without isotonic forms for virus inactivation using porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) as a representative, as it belongs to the Coronaviridae family. The results revealed complete inactivation activity of 10% formalin and 10% isotonic formalin on coronavirus after 5 min of treatment at room temperature. Both also inhibited Naegleria fowleri growth after 5 min of treatment at 37 °C without disruption of the structure. In addition to these key findings, it was also found that isotonic formalin could stabilize both red and white blood cells when used as a solution to prepare fecal smears comparable to the standard method, highlighting its value for use instead of 0.9% normal saline solution for the quantification of blood cells without active virus. The 10% isotonic formalin is useful to safely prepare a fecal smear for the diagnosis of parasites and other infections of the gastrointestinal tract during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pisith Chinabut
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Nuntiya Sawangkla
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Suphaluck Wattano
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Techit Thavorasak
- Center of Research Excellence in Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Weluga Bootsongkorn
- Siriraj Integrative Center for Neglected Parasitic Diseases, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Tungtrongchitr
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Pichet Ruenchit
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Siriraj Integrative Center for Neglected Parasitic Diseases, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-24196484
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17
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Detection of COVID-19 Case from Chest CT Images Using Deformable Deep Convolutional Neural Network. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2023; 2023:4301745. [PMID: 36844950 PMCID: PMC9949952 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4301745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The infectious coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a great threat to global human health. Timely and rapid detection of COVID-19 cases is very crucial to control its spreading through isolation measures as well as for proper treatment. Though the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test is a widely used technique for COVID-19 infection, recent researches suggest chest computed tomography (CT)-based screening as an effective substitute in cases of time and availability limitations of RT-PCR. In consequence, deep learning-based COVID-19 detection from chest CT images is gaining momentum. Furthermore, visual analysis of data has enhanced the opportunities of maximizing the prediction performance in this big data and deep learning realm. In this article, we have proposed two separate deformable deep networks converting from the conventional convolutional neural network (CNN) and the state-of-the-art ResNet-50, to detect COVID-19 cases from chest CT images. The impact of the deformable concept has been observed through performance comparative analysis among the designed deformable and normal models, and it is found that the deformable models show better prediction results than their normal form. Furthermore, the proposed deformable ResNet-50 model shows better performance than the proposed deformable CNN model. The gradient class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) technique has been used to visualize and check the targeted regions' localization effort at the final convolutional layer and has been found excellent. Total 2481 chest CT images have been used to evaluate the performance of the proposed models with a train-valid-test data splitting ratio of 80 : 10 : 10 in random fashion. The proposed deformable ResNet-50 model achieved training accuracy of 99.5% and test accuracy of 97.6% with specificity of 98.5% and sensitivity of 96.5% which are satisfactory compared with related works. The comprehensive discussion demonstrates that the proposed deformable ResNet-50 model-based COVID-19 detection technique can be useful for clinical applications.
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18
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Mostafa M, Barhoum A, Sehit E, Gewaid H, Mostafa E, Omran MM, Abdalla MS, Abdel-Haleem FM, Altintas Z, Forster RJ. Current trends in COVID-19 diagnosis and its new variants in physiological fluids: Surface antigens, antibodies, nucleic acids, and RNA sequencing. Trends Analyt Chem 2022; 157:116750. [PMID: 36060607 PMCID: PMC9425703 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rapid, highly sensitive, and accurate virus circulation monitoring techniques are critical to limit the spread of the virus and reduce the social and economic burden. Therefore, point-of-use diagnostic devices have played a critical role in addressing the outbreak of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) viruses. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current techniques developed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in various body fluids (e.g., blood, urine, feces, saliva, tears, and semen) and considers the mutations (i.e., Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron). We classify and comprehensively discuss the detection methods depending on the biomarker measured (i.e., surface antigen, antibody, and nucleic acid) and the measurement techniques such as lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), microarray analysis, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and biosensors. Finally, we addressed the challenges of rapidly identifying emerging variants, detecting the virus in the early stages of infection, the detection sensitivity, selectivity, and specificity, and commented on how these challenges can be overcome in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menna Mostafa
- NanoStruc Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Barhoum
- National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, D09 V209, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ekin Sehit
- Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, 24143, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hossam Gewaid
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
| | - Eslam Mostafa
- Borg Pharmaceutical Industries, Refaat Hassan St, Al Abageyah, El-Khalifa, Cairo Governorate, 16, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Omran
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohga S Abdalla
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatehy M Abdel-Haleem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt
- Center for Hazards Mitigation, Environmental Studies and Research (CHMESR), Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - Zeynep Altintas
- Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, 24143, Kiel, Germany
| | - Robert J Forster
- National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, D09 V209, Dublin, Ireland
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19
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Wong TF, So PK, Yao ZP. Advances in rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 by mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2022; 157:116759. [PMID: 36035092 PMCID: PMC9391230 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has already been lasting for more than two years and it has been severely affecting the whole world. Still, detection of SARS-CoV-2 remains the frontline approach to combat the pandemic, and the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based method is the well recognized detection method for the enormous analytical demands. However, the RT-PCR method typically takes a relatively long time, and can produce false positive and false negative results. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a very commonly used technique with extraordinary sensitivity, specificity and speed, and can produce qualitative and quantitative information of various analytes, which cannot be achieved by RT-PCR. Since the pandemic outbreak, various mass spectrometric approaches have been developed for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2, including the LC-MS/MS approaches that could allow analysis of several hundred clinical samples per day with one MS system, MALDI-MS approaches that could directly analyze clinical samples for the detection, and efforts for the on-site detection with portable devices. In this review, these mass spectrometric approaches were summarized, and their pros and cons as well as further development were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz-Fung Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Research Institute for Future Food and Research Center for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Pui-Kin So
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Research Institute for Future Food and Research Center for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Research Institute for Future Food and Research Center for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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20
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Dolu S, Bengi G, Avkan-Oğuz V, Tertemiz KC, Sinem Gezer N, Çavuş SA, Alpaydın AÖ, Kuruüzüm Z, Ergan B, Sevinç C, Ömeroğlu Şimsek G, Kılınç O, Örmen M, Sayıner A, Somalı I, Çavdar C, Can G, Demir T, Akarsu M, Savran Y, Soytürk M. Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients: A Single-Center Study from Turkey. THE TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF TURKISH SOCIETY OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2022; 33:955-963. [PMID: 35946895 PMCID: PMC9797795 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2022.21484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with coronavirus disease 2019, the gastrointestinal symptoms have been reported increasingly in addition to the respiratory system symptoms. The studies show that the prevalence of gastrointestinal system symptoms and how the gastrointestinal system contributes to the severity and prognosis of the disease is still not clear. This study aims to find the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and the correlation between the gastrointestinal symptoms and the clinical results in hospitalized patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019. METHODS This study retrospectively analyzes patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 and hospitalized in the pandemic unit between March 2020 and August 2020 and compares their demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory and radiologic findings, coronavirus disease 2019 treatments received, the clinical course of the disease, and the gastrointestinal symptoms. RESULTS In our study, we included 322 patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 and hospitalized; 39 patients (12.1%) were admitted to the hospital with at least one gastrointestinal symptom (nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and the loss of taste). Nausea and vomiting are the most common gastrointestinal symptoms with a prevalence of 7.1%, followed by diarrhea with 2.8%, the loss of taste with 2.2%, and abdominal pain with 1.5%. The mean age and D-dimer levels of the patients showing gastrointestinal symptoms were lower than those who did not have any gastrointestinal symptoms. We did not find a significant correlation between the presence of the gastrointestinal symptoms and the severity of the disease, treatment received, risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome and septic shock, admission to the intensive care unit, the need for mechanical ventilation, the mortality rate or the length of hospitalization in the medical floor or the intensive care unit. CONCLUSION In this study, we observed that 12.1% of coronavirus disease 2019 patients apply to the hospital due to gastrointestinal symptoms. Furthermore, the gastrointestinal symptoms do not seem to affect the severity and the course of the disease, it is important to identify coronavirus disease 2019 patients showing unusual symptoms such as the gastrointestinal symptoms at an early stage to protect healthcare professionals from infection risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Dolu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Göksel Bengi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Vildan Avkan-Oğuz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Kemal Can Tertemiz
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Naciye Sinem Gezer
- Department of Radiology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sema Alp Çavuş
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Aylin Özgen Alpaydın
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ziya Kuruüzüm
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Begüm Ergan
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Can Sevinç
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gökçen Ömeroğlu Şimsek
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Oğuz Kılınç
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Murat Örmen
- Department of Biochemistry, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Arzu Sayıner
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Işıl Somalı
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Caner Çavdar
- Department of Nephrology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gerçek Can
- Department of Rheumatology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Demir
- Department of Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mesut Akarsu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Savran
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Intensive Care, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Müjde Soytürk
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
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21
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Fitero A, Bungau SG, Tit DM, Endres L, Khan SA, Bungau AF, Romanul I, Vesa CM, Radu AF, Tarce AG, Bogdan MA, Nechifor AC, Negrut N. Comorbidities, Associated Diseases, and Risk Assessment in COVID-19-A Systematic Review. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:1571826. [PMID: 36406478 PMCID: PMC9640235 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1571826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It is considered that COVID-19's pandemic expansion is responsible for the particular increase in deaths, especially among the population with comorbidities. The health system is often overwhelmed by the large number of cases of patients addressing it, by the regional limitation of funds, and by the gravity of cases at subjects suffering from this pathology. Several associated conditions including diabetes, cardiovascular illnesses, obesity, persistent lung condition, neurodegenerative diseases, etc., increase the mortality risk and hospitalization of subjects suffering from COVID-19. The rapid identification of patients with increased risk of death from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the stratification in accordance with the risk and the allocation of human, financial, and logistical resources in proportion must be a priority for health systems worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Fitero
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410028, Romania
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410028, Romania
| | - Laura Endres
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
| | - Shamim Ahmad Khan
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
| | | | - Ioana Romanul
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
| | - Cosmin Mihai Vesa
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
| | - Andrei-Flavius Radu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410028, Romania
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
| | | | - Mihaela Alexandra Bogdan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410028, Romania
| | - Aurelia Cristina Nechifor
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, Bucharest 011061, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Negrut
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea 410073, Romania
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22
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Comparison of Proximate and Phytonutrient Compositions of Cashew Nuts and Apples from Different Geographical Areas of Burkina Faso. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1800091. [PMID: 36267836 PMCID: PMC9578815 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1800091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The cashew plant is an allogamous plant that produces two types of fruits: the nut and the cashew apple. The present study was conducted to perform a comparison of proximate and phytonutrient compositions of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nuts and apples from different geographical areas of Burkina Faso. For this purpose, 60 samples of apples and kernels were collected from the three main cashew cultivation areas. The nutritional potential of cashew nuts and apples produced was evaluated to enhance their food processing. Protein, carbohydrates, lipids, dietary fibers, ascorbic acid, tannins, anthocyanins, chlorophyll, lycopene, and β-carotene contents were assessed. The results revealed high contents of lipids (
g/100 gDW), proteins (
g/100 gDW), and starch (
g/100 g DW) in almonds. Apples, on the other hand, are rich in lipids, ascorbic acid (
mg/100 g), soluble sugars (
mg/100 g,), and pigments (lycopene, anthocyanin, β-carotene, and chlorophyll). In summary, almonds may be suitable as a source of lipids and related products. Apples can be used as natural antioxidants and produce juices. All of these data are important clues for cashew by-product processing. These results obtained provide a scientific basis for their food and economical valorization of cashew fruits.
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23
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Asghar A, Imran HM, Bano N, Maalik S, Mushtaq S, Hussain A, Varjani S, Aleya L, Iqbal HMN, Bilal M. SARS-COV-2/COVID-19: scenario, epidemiology, adaptive mutations, and environmental factors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:69117-69136. [PMID: 35947257 PMCID: PMC9363873 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22333-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic of 2019 has already exerted an enormous impact. For over a year, the worldwide pandemic has ravaged the whole globe, with approximately 250 million verified human infection cases and a mortality rate surpassing 4 million. While the genetic makeup of the related pathogen (SARS-CoV-2) was identified, many unknown facets remain a mystery, comprising the virus's origin and evolutionary trend. There were many rumors that SARS-CoV-2 was human-borne and its evolution was predicted many years ago, but scientific investigation proved them wrong and concluded that bats might be the origin of SARS-CoV-2 and pangolins act as intermediary species to transmit the virus from bats to humans. Airborne droplets were found to be the leading cause of human-to-human transmission of this virus, but later studies showed that contaminated surfaces and other environmental factors are also involved in its transmission. The evolution of different SARS-CoV-2 variants worsens the condition and has become a challenge to overcome this pandemic. The emergence of COVID-19 is still a mystery, and scientists are unable to explain the exact origin of SARS-CoV-2. This review sheds light on the possible origin of SARS-CoV-2, its transmission, and the key factors that worsen the situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Asghar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Imran
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Naheed Bano
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Maalik
- Department of Zoology, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Sajida Mushtaq
- Department of Zoology, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Asim Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, 382 010, Gujarat, India
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, China.
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24
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Nekoei S, Khamesipour F, Benchimol M, Bueno-Marí R, Ommi D. SARS-CoV-2 Transmission by Arthropod Vectors: A Scoping Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4329423. [PMID: 35978635 PMCID: PMC9377902 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4329423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a respiratory disease of worldwide importance as it has brought enormous health problems to the world's population. The best-known way of transmission of the virus is through aerosolization. However, research is needed to explore other transmission routes. Researchers hypothesized that arthropods could transmit SARs-CoV-2. This study is aimed at reviewing research on arthropods as possible reservoirs and/or vectors of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review using several electronic databases/academic searches with the search terms "arthropods," "coronavirus," and "transmission." A total of 64 unique articles were identified, of which 58 were included in the review. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is tiny and invisible to the naked eye, and its presence in stools, droplets, and surfaces was detected. One doubt is whether insects can transmit the virus from one place to another. Thus, a healthy carrier of the COVID-19 virus can be at the root of the contamination of their community or their family through the transport of the virus by insects from the interior (flies, cockroaches, etc.) from their feces and food surfaces. Hygiene care within communities and families becomes a prime factor. Coronavirus infection is a significant public health problem around the world. The prevention and control of outbreaks remain very important, even with the production of new vaccines. The main option to achieve this is the proper management of the transmission of the virus. The registry of infected people is currently the basis for the transmission of COVID-19. However, questions about the possibility of infection from other sources and its prevention are not receiving adequate attention. Numerous studies have shown the possibility that SARS-COV-2 fragments could have a longer life than shed respiratory droplets. Also, this virus is larger than those of other coronavirus families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Nekoei
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Faham Khamesipour
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marlene Benchimol
- Universidade do Grande Rio (Unigranrio), Rio de Janeiro, Duquxe de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rubén Bueno-Marí
- Department of Research & Development (R&D), Laboratorios Lokímica, Valencia, Spain
- Parasitology Area, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Davood Ommi
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada-e Tajrish Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Gempeler A, Griswold DP, Rosseau G, Johnson WD, Kaseje N, Kolias A, Hutchinson PJ, Rubiano AM. An Umbrella Review With Meta-Analysis of Chest Computed Tomography for Diagnosis of COVID-19: Considerations for Trauma Patient Management. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:900721. [PMID: 35957847 PMCID: PMC9360488 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.900721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RT-PCR testing is the standard for diagnosis of COVID-19, although it has its suboptimal sensitivity. Chest computed tomography (CT) has been proposed as an additional tool with diagnostic value, and several reports from primary and secondary studies that assessed its diagnostic accuracy are already available. To inform recommendations and practice regarding the use of chest CT in the in the trauma setting, we sought to identify, appraise, and summarize the available evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of chest CT for diagnosis of COVID-19, and its application in emergency trauma surgery patients; overcoming limitations of previous reports regarding chest CT accuracy and discussing important considerations regarding its role in this setting. Methods We conducted an umbrella review using Living Overview of Evidence platform for COVID-19, which performs regular automated searches in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and more than 30 other sources. The review was conducted following the JBI methodology for systematic reviews. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach for grading the certainty of the evidence is reported (registered in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, CRD42020198267). Results Thirty studies that fulfilled selection criteria were included; 19 primary studies provided estimates of sensitivity (0.91, 95%CI = [0.88-0.93]) and specificity (0.73, 95%CI = [0.61; 0.82]) of chest CT for COVID-19. No correlation was found between sensitivities and specificities (ρ = 0.22, IC95% [-0.33; 0.66]). Diagnostic odds ratio was estimated at: DOR = 27.5, 95%CI (14.7; 48.5). Evidence for sensitivity estimates was graded as MODERATE, and for specificity estimates it was graded as LOW. Conclusion The value of chest CT appears to be that of an additional screening tool that can easily detect PCR false negatives, which are reportedly highly frequent. Upon the absence of PCR testing and impossibility to perform RT-PCR in trauma patients, chest CT can serve as a substitute with increased value and easy implementation. Systematic Review Registration [www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero], identifier [CRD42020198267].
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Gempeler
- Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
| | - Dylan P. Griswold
- NIHR Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gail Rosseau
- Department of Neurosurgery, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Walter D. Johnson
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | | | - Angelos Kolias
- NIHR Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Hutchinson
- NIHR Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andres M. Rubiano
- NIHR Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience Institute, INUB-MEDITECH Research Group, El Bosque University, Bogotá, Colombia
- Neurological Surgery Service, Vallesalud Clinic, Cali, Colombia
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26
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Hu A, Kong L, Lu Z, Qiao J, Lv F, Meng F, Bie X. Research on nanogold-assisted HRM-qPCR technology for highly sensitive and accurate detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Ylikoski J, Lehtimäki J, Pääkkönen R, Mäkitie A. Prevention and Treatment of Life-Threatening COVID-19 May Be Possible with Oxygen Treatment. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:754. [PMID: 35629421 PMCID: PMC9142938 DOI: 10.3390/life12050754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Most SARS CoV-2 infections probably occur unnoticed or cause only cause a mild common cold that does not require medical intervention. A significant proportion of more severe cases is characterized by early neurological symptoms such as headache, fatigue, and impaired consciousness, including respiratory distress. These symptoms suggest hypoxia, specifically affecting the brain. The condition is best explained by primary replication of the virus in the nasal respiratory and/or the olfactory epithelia, followed by an invasion of the virus into the central nervous system, including the respiratory centers, either along a transneural route, through disruption of the blood-brain barrier, or both. In patients, presenting with early dyspnea, the primary goal of therapy should be the reversal of brain hypoxia as efficiently as possible. The first approach should be intermittent treatment with 100% oxygen using a tight oronasal mask or a hood. If this does not help within a few hours, an enclosure is needed to increase the ambient pressure. This management approach is well established in the hypoxia-related diseases in diving and aerospace medicine and preserves the patient's spontaneous breathing. Preliminary research evidence indicates that even a small elevation of the ambient pressure might be lifesaving. Other neurological symptoms, presenting particularly in long COVID-19, suggest imbalance of the autonomous nervous system, i.e., dysautonomia. These patients could benefit from vagal nerve stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Ylikoski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (J.Y.); (R.P.)
- Helsinki Ear Institute, 00420 Helsinki, Finland;
- Salustim Group Inc., 90440 Kempele, Finland
| | - Jarmo Lehtimäki
- Helsinki Ear Institute, 00420 Helsinki, Finland;
- Salustim Group Inc., 90440 Kempele, Finland
| | - Rauno Pääkkönen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (J.Y.); (R.P.)
| | - Antti Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (J.Y.); (R.P.)
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28
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Twigg C, Wenk J. Review and Meta‐Analysis: SARS‐CoV‐2 and Enveloped Virus Detection in Feces and Wastewater. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2022. [PMCID: PMC9083821 DOI: 10.1002/cben.202100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Detection and quantification of viruses supplies key information on their spread and allows risk assessment for public health. In wastewater, existing detection methods have been focusing on non‐enveloped enteric viruses due to enveloped virus transmission, such as coronaviruses, by the fecal‐oral route being less likely. Since the beginning of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, interest and importance of enveloped virus detection in wastewater has increased. Here, quantitative studies on SARS‐CoV‐2 occurrence in feces and raw wastewater and other enveloped viruses via quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) during the early stage of the pandemic until April 2021 are reviewed, including statistical evaluation of the positive detection rate and efficiency throughout the detection process involving concentration, extraction, and amplification stages. Optimized and aligned sampling protocols and concentration methods for enveloped viruses, along with SARS‐CoV‐2 surrogates, in wastewater environments may improve low and variable recovery rates providing increased detection efficiency and comparable data on viral load measured across different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Twigg
- University of Bath Department of Chemical Engineering and Water Innovation and Research Centre (WIRC@Bath) Claverton Down BA2 7AY Bath Somerset United Kingdom
| | - Jannis Wenk
- University of Bath Department of Chemical Engineering and Water Innovation and Research Centre (WIRC@Bath) Claverton Down BA2 7AY Bath Somerset United Kingdom
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Zhao S, Feng P, Meng W, Jin W, Li X, Li X. Modulated Gut Microbiota for Potential COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:811176. [PMID: 35308540 PMCID: PMC8927624 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.811176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has gained global attention. SARS-CoV-2 identifies and invades human cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors, which is highly expressed both in lung tissues and intestinal epithelial cells. The existence of the gut-lung axis in disease could be profoundly important for both disease etiology and treatment. Furthermore, several studies reported that infected patients suffer from gastrointestinal symptoms. The gut microbiota has a noteworthy effect on the intestinal barrier and affects many aspects of human health, including immunity, metabolism, and the prevention of several diseases. This review highlights the function of the gut microbiota in the host's immune response, providing a novel potential strategy through the use of probiotics, gut microbiota metabolites, and dietary products to enhance the gut microbiota as a target for COVID-19 prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- Intersection Laboratory of Life Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengya Feng
- Intersection Laboratory of Life Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Meng
- Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weilin Jin
- Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xun Li
- Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangkai Li
- Intersection Laboratory of Life Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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30
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Teixeira JP, Barone S, Zahedi K, Soleimani M. Kidney Injury in COVID-19: Epidemiology, Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2242. [PMID: 35216358 PMCID: PMC8877127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As of December 2021, SARS-CoV-2 had caused over 250 million infections and 5 million deaths worldwide. Furthermore, despite the development of highly effective vaccines, novel variants of SARS-CoV-2 continue to sustain the pandemic, and the search for effective therapies for COVID-19 remains as urgent as ever. Though the primary manifestation of COVID-19 is pneumonia, the disease can affect multiple organs, including the kidneys, with acute kidney injury (AKI) being among the most common extrapulmonary manifestations of severe COVID-19. In this article, we start by reflecting on the epidemiology of kidney disease in COVID-19, which overwhelmingly demonstrates that AKI is common in COVID-19 and is strongly associated with poor outcomes. We also present emerging data showing that COVID-19 may result in long-term renal impairment and delve into the ongoing debate about whether AKI in COVID-19 is mediated by direct viral injury. Next, we focus on the molecular pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection by both reviewing previously published data and presenting some novel data on the mechanisms of cellular viral entry. Finally, we relate these molecular mechanisms to a series of therapies currently under investigation and propose additional novel therapeutic targets for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Pedro Teixeira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (S.B.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Sharon Barone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (S.B.); (K.Z.)
- Research/Medicine Services, New Mexico Veterans Healthcare Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
| | - Kamyar Zahedi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (S.B.); (K.Z.)
- Research/Medicine Services, New Mexico Veterans Healthcare Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
| | - Manoocher Soleimani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (S.B.); (K.Z.)
- Research/Medicine Services, New Mexico Veterans Healthcare Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
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31
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Zhou JQ, Liu GX, Huang XL, Gan HT. The importance of fecal nucleic acid detection in patients with coronavirus disease(COVID-19):a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol 2022; 94:2317-2330. [PMID: 35174515 PMCID: PMC9088624 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pooled data from 2352 hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients with viral RNA in feces across 46 studies were analyzed and the pooled prevalence of fecal RNA was 46.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.383–0.554). The pooled analysis showed that the occurrence of total gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms was 28.5% (95% CI: 0.125–0.44) in COVID‐19 patients with fecal RNA, that of both respiratory and GI symptoms was 21.9% (95% CI: 0.09–0.346), that of only GI symptoms was 19.8% (95% CI: 0.107–0.288), and that of only respiratory symptoms was 50.5%（95% CI: 0.267–0.744). The pooled data showed no significant difference in positive fecal RNA between severe and nonsevere cases (odds ratio = 2.009, p = 0.079, 95% CI: 0.922–4.378). During hospital admission, after samples from the respiratory system tested negative for viral RNA, 55.4% (95% CI: 0.418–0.669) of the patients with positive fecal RNA had persistent shedding of fecal RNA and pooled results from the other 4 studies including 848 discharged patients with nucleic acid‐negative stool samples indicated that the occurrence of repositive stool swabs was 18.1% (95% CI: 0.028–0.335), that of repositive respiratory swabs was 22.8% (95% CI: 0.003–0.452), that of both repositive stool and respiratory swabs was 19.1% (95% CI: 0.019–0.363), and that of only repositive stool swabs was 9.6% (95% CI: 0.010–0.203). The digestive tract may be an important organ involved in COVID‐19 infection and in the excretion of the virus. Because of the potential risk of fecal–oral transmission, giving emphasis on stool swab tests can help increase the detection rate of asymptomatic carriers and reduce missed diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Qiu Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics Medicine and the Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Geriatrics Medicine and the Center of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gong-Xiang Liu
- Department of Geriatrics Medicine and the Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Geriatrics Medicine and the Center of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Li Huang
- Department of Geriatrics Medicine and the Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua-Tian Gan
- Department of Geriatrics Medicine and the Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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32
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Otoo JA, Schlappi TS. REASSURED Multiplex Diagnostics: A Critical Review and Forecast. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12020124. [PMID: 35200384 PMCID: PMC8869588 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of infectious diseases is ineffective when the diagnostic test does not meet one or more of the necessary standards of affordability, accessibility, and accuracy. The World Health Organization further clarifies these standards with a set of criteria that has the acronym ASSURED (Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User-friendly, Rapid and robust, Equipment-free and Deliverable to end-users). The advancement of the digital age has led to a revision of the ASSURED criteria to REASSURED: Real-time connectivity, Ease of specimen collection, Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User-friendly, Rapid and robust, Equipment-free or simple, and Deliverable to end-users. Many diagnostic tests have been developed that aim to satisfy the REASSURED criteria; however, most of them only detect a single target. With the progression of syndromic infections, coinfections and the current antimicrobial resistance challenges, the need for multiplexed diagnostics is now more important than ever. This review summarizes current diagnostic technologies for multiplexed detection and forecasts which methods have promise for detecting multiple targets and meeting all REASSURED criteria.
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Gonçalves Júnior J. COVID-19, liver dysfunction and pathophysiology: A conceptual discussion. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:683-688. [PMID: 35317425 PMCID: PMC8900549 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i6.683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intra and extracellular pathways of hepatic injury by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are still being studied. Understanding them is important to treat this viral disease and other liver and biliary tract disorders. Thus, this paper aims to present three hypotheses about liver injury caused by COVID-19: (1) The interactions between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein and membrane receptors in the hepatocyte; (2) The dysbiosis and “gut-liver axis” disruption in patients with serious clinical presentations of COVID-19; and (3) The inflammatory response exacerbated through the production of interleukins such as interleukin-6. However, despite these new perspectives, the pathophysiological process of liver injury caused by COVID-19 is still complex and multifactorial. Thus, understanding all these variables is a challenge to science but also the key to propose individualized and effective patient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jucier Gonçalves Júnior
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, São Paulo University, São Paulo 01246-903, State, Brazil
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34
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Kwaghe VG, Habib ZG, Akor AA, Thairu Y, Bawa A, Adebayo FO, Kwaghe AV, Usman G, Idoko G, Oluseugun A, Ekele BA. Clinical characteristics and outcome of the first 200 patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease-2019 at a treatment center in Abuja, Nigeria: a retrospective study. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 41:118. [PMID: 35465381 PMCID: PMC8994461 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.41.118.26594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION globally, the ravaging effect of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), pandemic is evident on public health and the global economy. We aimed at describing the clinical characteristic and management outcome of COVID-19 patients in Abuja, Nigeria. METHODS we conducted a retrospective study by reviewing the hospital charts of the first 200 COVID-19 patients admitted at the isolation center, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH), Gwagwalada. Extracted data includes; demographic data, clinical symptoms, underlying comorbidities, and clinical outcomes. The outcome of interest was either discharged or died. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. RESULTS the median age was 45 years (range 2-84 years). Majority of the patients were males (66.5%). The most affected age group was 50-59 years (21%). Children and adolescents were least affected; less than 10 years constituted 2.5% and 10-19 years constituted 4.5%. The commonest symptoms at presentation were fever (94%) and cough (92%). Ninety-four patients (47%) had underlying comorbidities; the commonest was hypertension (36%). Based on disease severity; 126 (63%) had mild disease, 22 (11%) had moderate disease and 52 (26%) had severe disease. The commonest complication was Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) seen in 29 (14.5%) patients. Out of the 200 cases managed, 189 (94.5%) were discharged in a stable condition while 11 (5.5%) died. Patients with under lying comorbidities had 9.6% death rate while those without comorbidities had 1.9% death rate. CONCLUSION among Nigerian patients', COVID-19 affects males more than females while children and adolescents were least affected. The study highlighted the clinical features of COVID-19 patients. The overall mortality rate is low among Nigerian patients compared to patients in the USA and Europe. This study shows that advanced age, presence of underlying comorbidities and disease severity is associated with the risk of dying from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Gga Kwaghe
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria,,Corresponding author: Vivian Gga Kwaghe, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - Zaiyad Garba Habib
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Alexander Agada Akor
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Yunusa Thairu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Anthony Bawa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Francis Olayemi Adebayo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ayi Vandi Kwaghe
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja,,Department of Veterinary and Pest Control Services, Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Galadima Usman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Godwin Idoko
- Department of Anaesthesia, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Akintola Oluseugun
- Department of Anaesthesia, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Bissallah Ahmed Ekele
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
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35
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Whitehead HD, Lieberman M. Rapid, instrument-free colorimetric quantification of DNA using Nile Blue. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:574-580. [PMID: 35050279 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01598b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of nucleic acid tests (NAT) for sensitive and rapid detection of pathogens relevant to human health has increased due to the ubiquity of nucleic acid amplification techniques such as polymerase chain reaction. The use of such tools for detection of amplified nucleic acid (NA) in field and clinical settings is limited by the need for complex instrumentation and trained users. To address these limitations we developed a rapid, robust, and instrument-free colorimetric detection method for nucleic acids using a visible region dye, Nile Blue (NB). NB is a cationic benzophenoxazine dye with well-known binding interactions with NA and has been used in instrumental methods for DNA quantification. When combined with dsDNA, the color of NB shifts from blue to purple. Images of this color shift are collected and are subjected to image analysis. Observed changes in the red and green colorimetric intensities are linked to the ratio of dsDNA to NB. By titrating solutions of dsDNA against a series of NB concentrations, we found it possible to quantitate dsDNA at concentrations ranging from 10-100 μg mL-1 using a k-means cluster analysis method. This range is comparable to that of NA concentrations quantified using gold-standard UV-Visible spectroscopy and to the concentrations of NA in biological samples after amplification. Unknown concentrations of dsDNA from yeast extracts were correctly identified within ±5 μg mL-1 of true concentration. Preliminary experiments demonstrate use of the developed NB method on paper-based analytical devices. As an instrument-free detection method, NB allows for rapid and robust quantification of dsDNA in field settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather D Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
| | - Marya Lieberman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
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36
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Jarrom D, Elston L, Washington J, Prettyjohns M, Cann K, Myles S, Groves P. Effectiveness of tests to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus, and antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, to inform COVID-19 diagnosis: a rapid systematic review. BMJ Evid Based Med 2022; 27:33-45. [PMID: 33004426 DOI: 10.1136/bmjebm-2020-111511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We undertook a rapid systematic review with the aim of identifying evidence that could be used to answer the following research questions: (1) What is the clinical effectiveness of tests that detect the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to inform COVID-19 diagnosis? (2) What is the clinical effectiveness of tests that detect the presence of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 virus to inform COVID-19 diagnosis? DESIGN AND SETTING Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of diagnostic test accuracy. We systematically searched for all published evidence on the effectiveness of tests for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus, or antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, up to 4 May 2020, and assessed relevant studies for risks of bias using the QUADAS-2 framework. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Measures of diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative predictive value) were the main outcomes of interest. We also included studies that reported influence of testing on subsequent patient management, and that reported virus/antibody detection rates where these facilitated comparisons of testing in different settings, different populations or using different sampling methods. RESULTS 38 studies on SARS-CoV-2 virus testing and 25 studies on SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing were identified. We identified high or unclear risks of bias in the majority of studies, most commonly as a result of unclear methods of patient selection and test conduct, or because of the use of a reference standard that may not definitively diagnose COVID-19. The majority were in hospital settings, in patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection. Pooled analysis of 16 studies (3818 patients) estimated a sensitivity of 87.8% (95% CI 81.5% to 92.2%) for an initial reverse-transcriptase PCR test. For antibody tests, 10 studies reported diagnostic accuracy outcomes: sensitivity ranged from 18.4% to 96.1% and specificity 88.9% to 100%. However, the lack of a true reference standard for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis makes it challenging to assess the true diagnostic accuracy of these tests. Eighteen studies reporting different sampling methods suggest that for virus tests, the type of sample obtained/type of tissue sampled could influence test accuracy. Finally, we searched for, but did not identify, any evidence on how any test influences subsequent patient management. CONCLUSIONS Evidence is rapidly emerging on the effectiveness of tests for COVID-19 diagnosis and management, but important uncertainties about their effectiveness and most appropriate application remain. Estimates of diagnostic accuracy should be interpreted bearing in mind the absence of a definitive reference standard to diagnose or rule out COVID-19 infection. More evidence is needed about the effectiveness of testing outside of hospital settings and in mild or asymptomatic cases. Implementation of public health strategies centred on COVID-19 testing provides opportunities to explore these important areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jarrom
- Health Technology Wales, Velindre NHS Trust, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lauren Elston
- Health Technology Wales, Velindre NHS Trust, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Kimberley Cann
- Health Technology Wales, Velindre NHS Trust, Cardiff, UK
- Local Public Health Team, Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Abercynon, Rhondda Cynon Taf, UK
| | - Susan Myles
- Health Technology Wales, Velindre NHS Trust, Cardiff, UK
| | - Peter Groves
- Health Technology Wales, Velindre NHS Trust, Cardiff, UK
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37
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Zafar MI, Yu J, Li H. Implications of RNA Viruses in the Male Reproductive Tract: An Outlook on SARS-CoV-2. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:783963. [PMID: 35003013 PMCID: PMC8739959 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.783963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging viral infections continuously pose a threat to human wellbeing. Several RNA viruses have managed to establish access to the male reproductive tract and persist in human semen. The sexual transmission of the virus is of critical public concern. The epidemiological inferences are essential to understand its complexity, particularly the probability of viral transmission from asymptomatic patients or those in the incubation period or from the patient who was previously infected and now fully recovered. From the clinical perspective, negative impacts in the male reproductive tract associated with RNA virus infection have been described, including orchitis, epididymitis, impaired spermatogenesis, and a decrease in sperm quality, which can affect male fertility at different time intervals. The disruption of anatomical barriers due to inflammatory responses might enable the viral invasion into the testis, and the immune privilege status of testes might facilitate a sustained persistence of the virus in the semen. In this review, the current knowledge about other RNA viruses that affect male reproductive health provides the framework to discuss the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The molecular mechanisms, sexual transmission, and viral impacts for mumps, HIV, Zika, and Ebola viruses are explored. We discuss the currently available information on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 and its sequelae in the male reproductive tract, particularly regarding presence in semen, its impact on sexual organs, and sperm quality. To date, no sexual transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been reported, whereas the identification of viral particles in semen remains conflicting. In the purview of the earlier conducted analyses, it is essential to investigate further the long-term health impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on the male reproductive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ishraq Zafar
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangyu Yu
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Reproductive Medicine, Central Theater Command General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, China
| | - Honggang Li
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, China
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38
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Tripathy HK, Mishra S, Suman S, Nayyar A, Sahoo KS. Smart COVID-shield: an IoT driven reliable and automated prototype model for COVID-19 symptoms tracking. COMPUTING 2022; 104:1233-1254. [PMCID: PMC8763441 DOI: 10.1007/s00607-021-01039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
IoT technology is revolutionizing healthcare and is transforming it into more personalized healthcare. In the context of COVID-19 pandemic, IoT`s intervention can help to detect its spread. This research proposes an effective “Smart COVID-Shield” that is capable of automatically detecting prevalent symptoms like fever and coughing along with ensuring social distancing norms are properly followed. It comprises three modules which include Cough Detect Module (CDM) for dry cough detection, Temperature Detect module (TDM) for high-temperature monitoring, and Distance Compute Module (DCM) to track social distancing norm violator. The device comprises a combination of a lightweight fabric suspender worn around shoulders and a flexible belt wrapped around the waist. The suspender is equipped with a passive infrared (PIR) sensor and temperature sensor to monitor persistent coughing patterns and high body temperature and the ultra-sonic sensor verify 6 feet distance for tracking an individual's social distancing norms. The developed model is implemented in an aluminum factory to verify its effectiveness. Results obtained were promising and reliable when compared to conventional manual procedures. The model accurately reported when body temperature rises. It outperformed thermal gun as it accurately recorded a mean of only 4.65 candidates with higher body temperature as compared to 8.59% with the thermal gun. A significant reduction of 3.61% on social distance violators was observed. Besides this, the latency delay of 10.32 s was manageable with the participant count of over 800 which makes it scalable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sushruta Mishra
- School of Computer Engineering, KIIT Deemed To Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | - Shubham Suman
- School of Computer Engineering, KIIT Deemed To Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | - Anand Nayyar
- Graduate School, Faculty of Information Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000 Vietnam
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Xu C, Liu W, Luo X, Huang X, Nielsen PV. Prediction and control of aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in ventilated context: from source to receptor. SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2022; 76:103416. [PMID: 34611508 PMCID: PMC8484231 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2021.103416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Global spread of COVID-19 has seriously threatened human life and health. The aerosol transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 is observed often associated with infection clusters under poorly ventilated environment. In the context of COVID-19 pandemic, significant transformation and optimization of traditional ventilation systems are needed. This paper is aimed to offer better understanding and insights into effective ventilation design to maximize its ability in airborne risk control, for particularly the COVID-19. Comprehensive reviews of each phase of aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from source to receptor are conducted, so as to provide a theoretical basis for risk prediction and control. Infection risk models and their key parameters for risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 are analyzed. Special focus is given on the efficacy of different ventilation strategies in mitigating airborne transmission. Ventilation interventions are found mainly impacting on the dispersion and inhalation phases of aerosol transmission. The airflow patterns become a key factor in controlling the aerosol diffusion and distribution. Novel and personalized ventilation design, effective integration with other environmental control techniques and resilient HVAC system design to adapt both common and epidemic conditions are still remaining challenging, which need to be solved with the aid of multidisciplinary research and intelligent technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunwen Xu
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Wenbing Liu
- College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xilian Luo
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xingyu Huang
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Peter V Nielsen
- Division of Sustainability, Energy and Indoor Environment, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9000, Denmark
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40
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Chattopadhyay K, Mandal M, Maiti DK. Smart Metal-Organic Frameworks for Biotechnological Applications: A Mini-Review. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:8159-8171. [PMID: 35005918 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this pandemic situation it is evident that viruses and bacteria, more specifically, multiple drug resistant (MDR) bacteria, endanger human civilization severely. It is high time to design smart weapons to combat these pathogens for the prevention and cure of allied ailments. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous materials designed from metal ions or inorganic clusters and multidentate organic ligands. Due to some unique features like high porosity, tunable pore shape and size, numerous possible metal-ligand combinations, etc., MOFs are ideal candidates to design "smart biotechnological tools". MOFs construct promising fluorescence based biosensing platforms for detection of viruses. MOFs also exhibit excellent antibacterial activity due to their ability for sustained release of active biocidal agents. There are several reviews that summarize the antibacterial applications of MOFs, but the biosensing platforms based on MOFs for detection of viruses have scarcely been summarized. This review carefully covers both the aspects including virus detection (nucleic acid recognition and immunological detection) with underlying mechanisms as well as antibacterial application of MOFs and doped MOFs or composites. This review will deliver valuable information and references for designing new, smarter antimicrobial agents based on MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700009, India.,Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata 700017, India
| | - Manas Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Sree Chaitanya College, Habra, WB 743268, India.,Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, WB 700032, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700009, India
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41
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Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Re-Detected on PCR Test after Discharge from Isolation. Clin Pract 2021; 11:954-960. [PMID: 34940009 PMCID: PMC8699873 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract11040110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been multiple reports of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) testing positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) after discharge; however, information on the characteristics of such cases is limited. In this case report, we aimed to identify clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients who had a repeat positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for SARS-CoV-2. We analyzed data of 22 COVID-19 patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing after two consecutive negative PCR results following discharge from hospitals. The interval between the two positive tests in the episodes of COVID-19 ranged from 4 to 117 days. More than one-third of the cases were healthcare workers (HCWs) and one-third of them had comorbidities. The main symptoms were cough and fever, and we noticed that males experienced more symptoms and signs of COVID-19 than females. Individuals with repeat SARS-CoV-2 positivity tend to experience milder illness during the second episode than the first episode. To confirm the reinfection of SARS-CoV-2, the results of other tests, such as viral culture and immunological assays of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM), need to be considered. Recovered COVID-19 patients should continue social distancing, using face masks, and practicing hand hygiene, especially HCWs who are more likely to be exposed to SARS-CoV-2.
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Ilkhani H, Hedayat N, Farhad S. Novel approaches for rapid detection of COVID-19 during the pandemic: A review. Anal Biochem 2021; 634:114362. [PMID: 34478703 PMCID: PMC8406551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that caused the COVID-19 disease, has highlighted our urgent need for sensitive, fast and accurate diagnostic technologies. In fact, one of the main challenges for flatting COVID-19 spread charts is the ability to accurately and rapidly identify asymptomatic cases that result in spreading the virus to close contacts. SARS-CoV-2 virus mutation is also relatively rapid, which makes the detection of COVID-19 diseases still crucial even after the vaccination. Conventional techniques, which are commercially available have focused on clinical manifestation, along with molecular and serological detection tools that can identify the SARS-CoV-2 virus however, owing to various disadvantages including low specificity and sensitivity, a quick, low cost and easy approach is needed for diagnosis of COVID-19. Scientists are now showing extensive interest in an effective portable and simple detection method to diagnose COVID-19. There are several novel methods and approaches that are considered viable advanced systems that can meet the demands. This study reviews the new approaches and sensing technologies that work on COVID-19 diagnosis for easy and successful detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Ilkhani
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87144, United States.
| | - Nader Hedayat
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, United States
| | - Siamak Farhad
- Advanced Energy & Sensor Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, United States.
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43
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Sakthivel D, Delgado-Diaz D, McArthur L, Hopper W, Richards JS, Narh CA. Point-of-Care Diagnostic Tools for Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Infections. Front Public Health 2021; 9:766871. [PMID: 34900912 PMCID: PMC8655681 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.766871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a recently emerged and highly contagious virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As of August 24, 2021, there were more than 212 million confirmed COVID-19 cases and nearly 4.4 million deaths reported globally. Early diagnosis and isolation of infected individuals remains one of the most effective public health interventions to control SARS-CoV-2 spread and for effective clinical management of COVID-19 cases. Currently, SARS-CoV-2 infection is diagnosed presumptively based on clinical symptoms and confirmed by detecting the viral RNA in respiratory samples using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Standard RT-PCR protocols are time consuming, expensive, and technically demanding, which makes them a poor choice for large scale and point-of-care screening in resource-poor settings. Recently developed isothermal nucleic acid amplification tests (iNAAT), antigen and/or serological tests are cost-effective to scale COVID-19 testing at the point-of-care (PoC) and for surveillance activities. This review discusses the development of rapid PoC molecular tools for the detection and surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura McArthur
- School of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Jack S. Richards
- ZiP Diagnostics Pty Ltd., Collingwood, VIC, Australia
- Department of Life Sciences, Burnet Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Charles A. Narh
- ZiP Diagnostics Pty Ltd., Collingwood, VIC, Australia
- Department of Life Sciences, Burnet Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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44
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Zhang L, Tian M, Song Y, Liang W, Li X, Tong Y, Wang H. Urinary SARS-CoV-2 RNA Is an Indicator for the Progression and Prognosis of COVID-19. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:2089. [PMID: 34829436 PMCID: PMC8619898 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11112089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to analyze clinical characteristics and find potential factors to predict poor prognosis in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS We analyzed the clinical characteristics and laboratory tests of COVID-19 patients and detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in urine sediments collected from 53 COVID-19 patients enrolled in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from 31 January 2020 to 18 February 2020 with qRT-PCR analysis. Then, we classified those patients based on clinical conditions (severe or non-severe syndrome) and urinary SARS-CoV-2 RNA (URNA- or URNA+). RESULTS We found that COVID-19 patients with severe syndrome (severe patients) showed significantly higher positive rate (11 of 23, 47.8%) of urinary SARS-CoV-2 RNA than non-severe patients (4 of 30, 13.3%, p = 0.006). URNA+ patients or severe URNA+ subgroup exhibited higher prevalence of inflammation and immune discord, cardiovascular diseases, liver damage and renal dysfunction, and higher risk of death than URNA- patients. To understand the potential mechanisms underlying the viral urine shedding, we performed renal histopathological analysis on postmortems of patients with COVID-19 and found severe renal vascular endothelium lesion characterized by an increase of the expression of thrombomodulin and von Willebrand factor, markers to assess the endothelium dysfunction. We proposed a theoretical and mathematic model to depict the potential factors that determine the urine shedding of SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that urinary SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in urine specimens can be used to predict the progression and prognosis of COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Z.); (M.T.); (Y.S.); (W.L.)
| | - Maoqing Tian
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Z.); (M.T.); (Y.S.); (W.L.)
| | - Yuan Song
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Z.); (M.T.); (Y.S.); (W.L.)
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Z.); (M.T.); (Y.S.); (W.L.)
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Yongqing Tong
- Department of Laboratory Science, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Huiming Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Z.); (M.T.); (Y.S.); (W.L.)
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45
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Ebrahimi M, Norouzi P, Aazami H, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Review on oxidative stress relation on COVID-19: Biomolecular and bioanalytical approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:802-818. [PMID: 34418419 PMCID: PMC8372478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 disease has put life of people in stress worldwide from many aspects. Since the virus has mutated in absolutely short period of time the challenge to find a suitable vaccine has become harder. Infection to COVID-19, especially at severe life threatening states is highly dependent on the strength of the host immune system. This system is partially dependent on the balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant. Besides, this virus still has unknown mechanism of action companied by a probable commune period. From another hand, some reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels can be helpful on the state determination of the disease. Thus it could be possible to use modern bioanalytical techniques for their detection and determination, which could indicate the disease state at the golden time window since they have the potential to show whether specific DNA, RNA, enzymes and proteins are affected. This also could be used as a preclude study or a reliable pathway to define the best optimized time of cure beside effective medical actions. Herein, some ROS and their relation with SARS-CoV-2 virus have been considered. In addition, modern bioelectroanalytical techniques on this approach from quantitative and qualitative points of view have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Ebrahimi
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Norouzi
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Aazami
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Malarvili MB, Alexie M, Dahari N, Kamarudin A. On Analyzing Capnogram as a Novel Method for Screening COVID-19: A Review on Assessment Methods for COVID-19. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1101. [PMID: 34685472 PMCID: PMC8538964 DOI: 10.3390/life11101101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In November 2019, the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 was reported in Wuhan city, China, and was reported in other countries around the globe. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Strategies such as contact tracing and a vaccination program have been imposed to keep COVID-19 under control. Furthermore, a fast, noninvasive and reliable testing device is needed urgently to detect COVID-19, so that contact can be isolated and ringfenced before the virus spreads. Although the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test is considered the gold standard method for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, this test presents some limitations which cause delays in detecting the disease. The antigen rapid test (ART) test, on the other hand, is faster and cheaper than PCR, but is less sensitive, and may limit SARS-CoV-2 detection. While other tests are being developed, accurate, noninvasive and easy-to-use testing tools are in high demand for the rapid and extensive diagnosis of the disease. Therefore, this paper reviews current diagnostic methods for COVID-19. Following this, we propose the use of expired carbon dioxide (CO2) as an early screening tool for SARS-CoV-2 infection. This system has already been developed and has been tested on asthmatic patients. It has been proven that expired CO2, also known as capnogram, can help differentiate between respiratory conditions and, therefore, could be used to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection, as it causes respiratory tract-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. B. Malarvili
- School of Biomedical and Health Science Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia; (M.A.); (N.D.)
| | - Mushikiwabeza Alexie
- School of Biomedical and Health Science Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia; (M.A.); (N.D.)
- College of Science and Technology (CST), Center or Excellence in Biomedical Engineering and E-Health (CEBE), University of Rwanda, KN 67 Street Nyarugenge, Kigali 3900, Rwanda
| | - Nadhira Dahari
- School of Biomedical and Health Science Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia; (M.A.); (N.D.)
| | - Anhar Kamarudin
- Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur 59100, Malaysia;
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47
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Xu D, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Li X. Targeted Prevention and Control of Key Links in Airports to Mitigate Public Health Risks. China CDC Wkly 2021; 3:859-862. [PMID: 34703642 PMCID: PMC8521156 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2021.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dongqun Xu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuona Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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48
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Haji Ali B, Shahin MS, Masoumi Sangani MM, Faghihinezhad M, Baghdadi M. Wastewater aerosols produced during flushing toilets, WWTPs, and irrigation with reclaimed municipal wastewater as indirect exposure to SARS-CoV-2. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 9:106201. [PMID: 34405082 PMCID: PMC8361049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2021.106201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in raw and treated wastewater can open up a fresh perspective to waterborne and aerosolized wastewater as a new transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 RNA during the current pandemic. The aim of this paper is to discuss the potential transmission of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from wastewater aerosols formed during toilet flushing, plumbing failure, wastewater treatment plants, and municipal wastewater reuse for irrigation. Moreover, how these aerosols might increase the risk of exposure to this novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 RNA). This article supplies a review of the literature on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in untreated wastewater, as well as the fate and stability of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater. We also reviewed the existing literatures on generation and transmission of aerosolized wastewater through flush a toilet, house's plumbing networks, WWTPs, wastewater reuse for irrigation of agricultural areas. Finally, the article briefly studies the potential risk of infection with exposure to the fecal bioaerosols of SARS-CoV-2 RNA for the people who might be exposed through flushing toilets or faulty building plumbing systems, operators/workers in wastewater treatment plants, and workers of fields irrigated with treated wastewater - based on current knowledge. Although this review highlights the indirect transmission of SARS-CoV-2 RNA through wastewater aerosols, no research has yet clearly demonstrated the role of aerosolized wastewater in disease transmission regarding the continuation of this pandemic. Therefore, there is a need for additional studies on wastewater aerosols in transmission of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banafsheh Haji Ali
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohsen Faghihinezhad
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Baghdadi
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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49
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Zandi M, Farahani A, Zakeri A, Akhavan Rezayat S, Mohammadi R, Das U, Dimmock JR, Afzali S, Nakhaei MA, Doroudi A, Erfani Y, Soltani S. Clinical Symptoms and Types of Samples Are Critical Factors for the Molecular Diagnosis of Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Literature Review. Int J Microbiol 2021; 2021:5528786. [PMID: 34545287 PMCID: PMC8449726 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5528786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, a novel coronavirus found in 2019 known as SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Various parameters including clinical manifestations and molecular evaluation can affect the accuracy of diagnosis. This review aims to discuss the various clinical symptoms and molecular evaluation results in COVID-19 patients, to point out the importance of onset symptoms, type, and timing of the sampling, besides the methods that are used for detection of SARS-CoV-2. METHODS A systematic literature review of current articles in the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE was conducted according to the PRISMA guideline. RESULTS Of the 12946 patients evaluated in this investigation, 7643 were confirmed to be COVID-19 positive by molecular techniques, particularly the RT-PCR/qPCR combined technique (qRT-PCR). In most of the studies, all of the enrolled cases had 100% positive results for molecular evaluation. Among the COVID-19 patients who were identified as such by positive PCR results, most of them showed fever or cough as the primary clinical signs. Less common symptoms observed in clinically confirmed cases were hemoptysis, bloody sputum, mental disorders, and nasal congestion. The most common clinical samples for PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients were obtained from throat, oropharyngeal, and nasopharyngeal swabs, while tears and conjunctival secretions seem to be the least common clinical samples for COVID-19 diagnosis among studies. Also, different conserved SARS-CoV-2 gene sequences could be targeted for qRT-PCR detection. The suggested molecular assay being used by most laboratories for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 is qRT-PCR. CONCLUSION There is a worldwide concern on the COVID-19 pandemic and a lack of well-managed global control. Hence, it is crucial to update the molecular diagnostics protocols for handling the situation. This is possible by understanding the available advances in assays for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Good sampling procedure and using samples with enough viral loads, also considering the onset symptoms, may reduce the qRT-PCR false-negative results in symptomatic COVID-19 patients. Selection of the most efficient primer-probe for target genes and samples containing enough viral loads to search for the existence of SARS-CoV-2 helps detecting the virus on time using qRT-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Zandi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Farahani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Armin Zakeri
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Akhavan Rezayat
- Department of Health Economics and Management, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Mohammadi
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Umashankar Das
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Jonathan R. Dimmock
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Shervin Afzali
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadvala Ashtar Nakhaei
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Doroudi
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Yousef Erfani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saber Soltani
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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50
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Chan VWS, Chiu PKF, Yee CH, Yuan Y, Ng CF, Teoh JYC. A systematic review on COVID-19: urological manifestations, viral RNA detection and special considerations in urological conditions. World J Urol 2021; 39:3127-3138. [PMID: 32462305 PMCID: PMC7251800 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-020-03246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVE We performed a systematic review on COVID-19 and its potential urological manifestations. METHODS A literature search was performed using combination of keywords (MeSH terms and free text words) relating to COVID-19, urology, faeces and stool on multiple databases. Primary outcomes were the urological manifestations of COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA detection in urine and stool samples. Meta-analyses were performed when there were two or more studies reporting on the same outcome. Special considerations in urological conditions that were relevant in the pandemic of COVID-19 were reported in a narrative manner. RESULTS There were a total of 21 studies with 3714 COVID-19 patients, and urinary symptoms were absent in all of them. In patients with COVID-19, 7.58% (95% CI 3.30-13.54%) developed acute kidney injury with a mortality rate of 93.27% (95% CI 81.46-100%) amongst them. 5.74% (95% CI 2.88-9.44%) of COVID-19 patients had positive viral RNA in urine samples, but the duration of viral shedding in urine was unknown. 65.82% (95% CI 45.71-83.51%) of COVID-19 patients had positive viral RNA in stool samples, which were detected from 2 to 47 days from symptom onset. 31.6% of renal transplant recipients with COVID-19 required non-invasive ventilation, and the overall mortality rate was 15.4%. CONCLUSIONS Acute kidney injury leading to mortality is common amongst COVID-19 patients, likely as a result of direct viral toxicity. Viral RNA positivity was detected in both urine and stool samples, so precautions are needed when we perform transurethral or transrectal procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinson Wai-Shun Chan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter Ka-Fung Chiu
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, 4/F LCW Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Hang Yee
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, 4/F LCW Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuhong Yuan
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Chi-Fai Ng
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, 4/F LCW Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, 4/F LCW Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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