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Şam Özdemir M, Kaya N, Savun M, Keskin ET, Yüzkan S, Arslan FZ, Budak B, Omak Ö, Yardımcı AH, Özdemir H. Is there a comparable Mp-MRI for incidental prostate uptake on 18 F-FDG PET/CT? World J Surg Oncol 2024; 22:339. [PMID: 39707383 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-024-03578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 10/26/2024] [Indexed: 12/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although 18 F-FDG-PET/CT is helpful in defining many types of cancer, localized prostate cancer should not be treated with this technique. This study describes the use of multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) to characterize incidental 18 F-FDG uptake in the prostate. METHODS AND MATERIALS While 18 F-FDG-PET/CT is useful for characterizing a variety of cancers, it is not advised for prostate cancer that is localized. This work investigates the use of mpMRI to describe incidental 18 F-FDG uptake in the prostate.mpMRI included T2-weighted (T2W), dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) sequences. Patients were classified according to PI-RADS (Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System) version 2.1 by an experienced uroradiologist, and 18 F-FDG-PET was evaluated to determine whether the area of involvement on CT had a counterpart in mpMRI. A biopsy was performed on 30 of the 92 patients. These patients' maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) 6 < and ≥ 6, PS(PSA) density 0.15 < and ≥ 0.15, PSA level, uptake pattern (focal involvement/diffuse involvement), and PI-RADS scores were compared. P < .05 was considered statistically significant. Logistic regression was used to analyze PI-RADS score groups age, PSA, PSA density and SUVmax. RESULTS In the study, 92 patients with incidental 18 F-FDG-PET/CT prostate uptake were examined. Median age was 66, PSA median was 3.6 ng/ml (range: 0-3198 ng/ml). Notably, in 70.6% of cases, PET/CT uptake didn't correlate with mp-MRI findings. Among PI-RADS 3-4-5 patients (29.3%), there was a correlation. Biopsies in 30 patients revealed 43.3% benign, 56.7% malignant. Significant differences between benign and malignant cases were observed in PSA density, PI-RADS scores, and PSA levels (p < .05), while SUVmax and uptake pattern were not significant. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, PI-RADS score groups were found to be independent risk factors for predicting malignancy. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that incidental 18 F-FDG-PET/CT prostate uptake was detected and that high PSA density values, PI-RADS scores, and PSA values, such as in routine patients, and not PET-CT findings such as SUVmax and uptake pattern, were more predictive of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Şam Özdemir
- Department of Radiology, Başaksehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nurullah Kaya
- Department of Radiology, Başaksehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Metin Savun
- Department of Urology, Başaksehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emin Taha Keskin
- Department of Urology, Başaksehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Fatma Zeynep Arslan
- Department of Radiology, Başaksehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Budak
- Department of Radiology, Başaksehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özgür Omak
- Department of Nucleer Medicine, Başaksehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aytül Hande Yardımcı
- Department of Radiology, Başaksehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Harun Özdemir
- Department of Urology, Başaksehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Mølstrøm JP, Lange N, Pareek M, Thomassen A, Nielsen AL, Høilund-Carlsen PF, Godballe C, Rohde M. Definitions of Incidental [ 18F]FDG PET/CT Findings in the Literature: A Systematic Review and Definition Proposal. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:2764. [PMID: 39682672 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14232764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2024] [Revised: 12/01/2024] [Accepted: 12/04/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The objectives of this study were (1) to systematically review the currently used definitions of incidental 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography findings (IPFs) in the literature and (2) to propose an IPF definition. Methods: A systematic search was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. The search was guided by the question "How is IPF defined?" and was performed in MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. The retrieved studies were reviewed and analyzed. The definitions of IPFs in the included studies were compiled into two sets of categories based on the description of FDG uptake and the specification of clinical factors in defining IPFs. Results: The systematic literature search identified 4852 publications accessible for title-abstract screening, which yielded 395 studies for full-text assessment. Sixty-five studies met the eligibility criteria and were included. Sixty-two percent mentioned "FDG uptake" in their definition. In 40% of the definitions, "Focal FDG uptake" was specified, while "FDG uptake in the surrounding tissue" was included in 15%. Fifty-seven percent stated that IPFs were "Unrelated to PET/CT indication". Thirty-four percent specified IPFs as "Present in other organ than PET/CT indication", whereas 20% included "No known disease related to IPF". Seventeen percent of the definitions comprised a "New finding", while 15% and 11% encompassed a "Clinical asymptomatic patient" and "Not a metastasis", respectively. Finally, 5% of the definitions included "Potential clinical significance". Conclusions: No generally accepted definition of IPFs currently exists. We propose an IPF definition based on explicit FDG uptake and clinical patient-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Pilegaard Mølstrøm
- Research Unit for ORL-Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 19, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Natascha Lange
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 19, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Manan Pareek
- Center for Translational Cardiology and Pragmatic Randomized Trials, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Thomassen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne Lerberg Nielsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Poul Flemming Høilund-Carlsen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 19, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Christian Godballe
- Research Unit for ORL-Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 19, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Max Rohde
- Research Unit for ORL-Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 19, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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Lee H, Hwang KH. Unexpected focal fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in main organs; pass through or pass by? World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:1885-1899. [PMID: 38660550 PMCID: PMC11036514 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i11.1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the inception of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG), positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) utilizing F-18 FDG has become widely accepted as a valuable imaging modality in the field of oncology, with global prevalence in clinical practice. Given that a single Torso PET/CT scan encompasses the anatomical region from the skull base to the upper thigh, the detection of incidental abnormal focal hypermetabolism in areas of limited clinical interest is both feasible and not uncommon. Numerous investigations have been undertaken to delineate the distinctive features of these findings, yet the outcomes have proven inconclusive. The incongruent results of these studies present a challenge for physicians, leaving them uncertain about the appropriate course of action. This article provides a succinct overview of the characteristics of fluorodeoxyglucose, followed by a comprehensive discussion of the imaging findings and clinical significance associated with incidental focal abnormal F-18 FDG activity in several representative organs. In conclusion, while the prevalence of unrecognized malignancy varies across organs, malignancies account for a substantial proportion, ranging from approximately one-third to over half, of incidental focal uptake. In light of these rates, physicians are urged to exercise vigilance in not disregarding unexpected uptake, facilitating more assured clinical decisions, and advocating for further active evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haejun Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Hwang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, South Korea
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Sutherland DEK, Azad AA, Murphy DG, Eapen RS, Kostos L, Hofman MS. Role of FDG PET/CT in Management of Patients with Prostate Cancer. Semin Nucl Med 2024; 54:4-13. [PMID: 37400321 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging, a well-known and effective technique for detecting malignancies, has not been considered a useful tool for prostate cancer imaging by many because of its perceived low [18F]FDG uptake. Incidentally detected focal [18F]FDG uptake in the prostate is not uncommon, and typically benign. Imaging features that would increase concern for an underlying prostatic carcinoma, include focal uptake in the periphery near the gland margin without calcifications. [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging provides little value in the initial staging of prostate cancer, particularly in the era of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radiotracer. In cases of biochemical recurrence, the value of [18F]FDG PET/CT increases notably when Grade group 4 or 5 and elevated PSA levels are present. Active research is underway for theranostic approaches to prostate cancer, including [177Lu]Lu-PSMA therapy. Dual tracer staging using FDG and PSMA imaging significantly enhances the accuracy of disease site assessment. Specifically, the addition of [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging allows for the evaluation of discordant disease (PSMA negative/FDG positive). The maximal benefit from [177Lu]Lu-PSMA therapy relies on significant PSMA accumulation across all disease sites, and the identification of discordant disease suggests that these patients may derive less benefit from the treatment. The genuine value of [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging lies in advanced prostate cancer, PSMA-negative disease, as a prognostic biomarker, and the realm of new targeted theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan E K Sutherland
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arun A Azad
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Declan G Murphy
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Renu S Eapen
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise Kostos
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael S Hofman
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Franklin A, Gianduzzo T, Kua B, Wong D, McEwan L, Walters J, Esler R, Roberts MJ, Coughlin G, Yaxley JW. The risk of prostate cancer on incidental finding of an avid prostate uptake on 2-deoxy-2-[ 18F]fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for non-prostate cancer-related pathology: A single centre retrospective study. Asian J Urol 2024; 11:33-41. [PMID: 38312828 PMCID: PMC10837664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To review the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) in men with incidentally reported increased intraprostatic uptake at 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) ordered at Department of Urology, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia for non-PCa related pathology. Methods Retrospective analysis of consecutive men between August 2014 and August 2019 presenting to a single institution for 18F-FDG PET/CT for non-prostate related conditions was conducted. Men were classified as benign, indeterminate, or malignant depending of the results of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), PSA velocity, biopsy histopathology, and three-Tesla (3 T) multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score, or gallium-68-prostate-specific membrane antigen (68Ga-PSMA) PET/CT results. Results Three percent (273/9122) of men demonstrated 18F-FDG avidity within the prostate. Eighty-five percent (231/273) were further investigated, including with PSA tests (227/231, 98.3%), 3 T mpMRI (68/231, 29.4%), 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT (33/231, 14.3%), and prostate biopsy (57/231, 24.7%). Results were considered benign in 130/231 (56.3%), indeterminate in 31/231 (13.4%), and malignant in 70/231 (30.3%). PCa was identified in 51/57 (89.5%) of the men who proceeded to biopsy, including 26/27 (96.3%) men with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System scores 4-5 mpMRI and six men with a positive 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT. The most common Gleason score on biopsy was greater than or equal to 4+5 (14/51, 27.5%). 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT was concordant with the 18F-FDG findings in 26/33 (78.8%). All 13 men with a positive concordant 18F-FDG, 3 T mpMRI, and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT had PCa on biopsy. There was no statistically significant difference in the 18F-FDG maximum standardized uptake value between the benign or malignant groups (5.7 vs. 6.1; p=0.580). Conclusion In this study, after an incidental finding of an avid intraprostatic lesion on 18F-FDG PET/CT, 70 of the 231 cases (30.3%; 0.8% of the entire cohort) had results consistent with PCa, most commonly as Gleason score greater than or equal to 4+5 disease. Unless there is limited life expectancy due to competing medical co-morbidity, men with an incidental finding of intraprostatic uptake on 18F-FDG should be further investigated using principles of PCa detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Franklin
- Department of Urology, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Wesley Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Troy Gianduzzo
- Department of Urology, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Boon Kua
- Department of Urology, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David Wong
- Department of Radiology, Wesley Medical Imaging, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Louise McEwan
- Department of Radiology, Wesley Medical Imaging, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - James Walters
- Department of Radiology, Wesley Medical Imaging, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rachel Esler
- Department of Urology, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew J Roberts
- Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Geoff Coughlin
- Department of Urology, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John W Yaxley
- Department of Urology, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Yu W, Zhao M, Deng Y, Liu S, Du G, Yan B, Zhao Z, Sun N, Guo J. Meta-analysis of 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT, 18 F-FDG PET/CT, and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in diagnostic efficacy of prostate Cancer. Cancer Imaging 2023; 23:77. [PMID: 37605288 PMCID: PMC10440897 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-023-00599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT, 18 F-FDG PET/CT and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in the diagnostic value of prostate cancer. METHOD The Chinese and foreign databases, such as Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, etc., were systematically searched within the period from the establishment of the database to June 1, 2022. Clinical studies related to the diagnosis of prostate cancer by methods such as 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT, 18 F-FDG PET/CTCT, 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT, were researched. Two (2) investigators independently screened literatures, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias when these data were included in the studies with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2). Review Manager5.4, Stata 14.0, and Meta-disc 1.4 software were used for meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of different methods in the diagnose of prostate cancer. RESULTS Twenty-seven (27) studies, including 2891 subjects were included in our study. Meta-analysis results showed that the pooled sensitivities of 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT, 18 F-FDG PET/CT, and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT were 0.912 (95%CI: 0.883-0.936), 0.748 (95%CI: 0.698-0.795), and 0.916 (95%CI: 0.896-0.934), respectively; the pooled specification were 0.878 (0.844-0.907), 0.639 (95%CI: 0.589-0.687), and 0.734 (95%CI: 0.685-0.779), respectively; the positive likelihood ratios were 6.335 (95%CI: 4.288-9.357), 2.282 (95%CI: 1.497-3.477), and 3.593 (95%CI: 2.986-4.323), respectively; the negative likelihood ratios were 0.878 (95%CI: 0.844-0.907), 0.374 (95%CI: 0.280-0.499), and 0.110 (95%CI: 0.083-0.144), respectively; the diagnostic odds ratios were 65.125 (95%CI: 34.059-124.53), 7.094 (95%CI: 4.091-12.301), and 29.722 (95%CI: 20.141-43.863), respectively; the positive posterior probability was 64%, 38%, and 62%, respectively; the area under the SPOC curve was 0.95 (95%CI: 0.93-0.97), 0.81 (95%CI: 0.78-0.84), and 0.96 (95%CI: 0.92-0.98), respectively. The funnel plots indicated that there was no significant publication bias in the included literatures. CONCLUSION The current evidences showed that 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT had higher diagnostic efficacy of prostate cancer compared with 18 F-FDG PET/CT, among which 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT was slightly higher in the sensitivity of the diagnosis of prostate cancer, while 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT may have higher efficacy in specificity and confirmed positive rate. Due to the limitations of the quality of the included samples and literatures, the above conclusions should be further validated by expanding the sample size and improving the quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Yu
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1, R. Xiyuangcaochang, District Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
- Post-doctoral Research Station, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1, R. Xiyuangcaochang, District Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 North Third Ring East Road, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjun Deng
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1, R. Xiyuangcaochang, District Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Shengjing Liu
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1, R. Xiyuangcaochang, District Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Guanchao Du
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1, R. Xiyuangcaochang, District Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1, R. Xiyuangcaochang, District Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Ziwei Zhao
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1, R. Xiyuangcaochang, District Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Post-doctoral Research Station, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1, R. Xiyuangcaochang, District Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Andrology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1, R. Xiyuangcaochang, District Haidian, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Nieri A, Manco L, Bauckneht M, Urso L, Caracciolo M, Donegani MI, Borgia F, Vega K, Colella A, Ippolito C, Cittanti C, Morbelli S, Sambuceti G, Turra A, Panareo S, Bartolomei M. [18F]FDG PET-TC radiomics and machine learning in the evaluation of prostate incidental uptake. Expert Rev Med Devices 2023; 20:1183-1191. [PMID: 37942630 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2023.2280685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the relevance of incidental prostate [18F]FDG uptake (IPU) and to explore the potential of radiomics and machine learning (ML) to predict prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS We retrieved [18F]FDG PET/CT scans with evidence of IPU performed in two institutions between 2015 and 2021. Patients were divided into PCa and non-PCa, according to the biopsy. Clinical and PET/CT-derived information (comprehensive of radiomic analysis) were acquired. Five ML models were developed and their performance in discriminating PCa vs non-PCa IPU was evaluated. Radiomic analysis was investigated to predict ISUP Grade. RESULTS Overall, 56 IPU were identified and 31 patients performed prostate biopsy. Eighteen of those were diagnosed as PCa. Only PSA and radiomic features (eight from CT and nine from PET images, respectively) showed statistically significant difference between PCa and non-PCa patients. Eight features were found to be robust between the two institutions. CT-based ML models showed good performance, especially in terms of negative predictive value (NPV 0.733-0.867). PET-derived ML models results were less accurate except the Random Forest model (NPV = 0.933). Radiomics could not accurately predict ISUP grade. CONCLUSIONS Paired with PSA, radiomic analysis seems to be promising to discriminate PCa/non-PCa IPU. ML could be a useful tool to identify non-PCa IPU, avoiding further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Nieri
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Oncological Medical and Specialists Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luigi Manco
- Medical Physics Unit, Azienda USL of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matteo Bauckneht
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Urso
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine, PET/CT Centre, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Matteo Caracciolo
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Oncological Medical and Specialists Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Borgia
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Oncological Medical and Specialists Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Kevin Vega
- Centro Nacional de Radioterapia, Physics Unit, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Alessandro Colella
- Urology Unit, Surgical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carmelo Ippolito
- Urology Unit, Surgical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Corrado Cittanti
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Oncological Medical and Specialists Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Morbelli
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Gianmario Sambuceti
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Turra
- Medical Physics Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, Cona, Italy
| | - Stefano Panareo
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Oncology and Haematology Department, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Mirco Bartolomei
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Oncological Medical and Specialists Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Lee H, Hwang KH. Significance of incidental focal fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in colon/rectum, thyroid, and prostate: With a brief literature review. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:12532-12542. [PMID: 36579086 PMCID: PMC9791515 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i34.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-18 FDG PET/CT), a functional imaging method, is usually performed on the entire torso, and regions of unexpected suspicious focal hypermetabolism are not infrequently observed. Among the regions, colon, thyroid, and prostate were found to be the common organs in a recent umbrella review. Some studies reported that a high rate of malignancy was shown in incidentally identified focal hypermetabolic regions and suggested that further examinations should not be ignored.
AIM To investigate the malignancy rate of incidental focal FDG uptake, useful PET parameters and their cutoffs in discrimination between malignant and benign lesions.
METHODS Retrospectively, the final reports of 16510 F-18 FDG PET/CT scans performed at our hospital between January 2016 and March 2022 were reviewed to identify incidentally observed FDG uptake in the colon/rectum, thyroid, and prostate. The scans of patients with current or prior malignancies at each corresponding location, without the final reports of histopathology or colonoscopy (for colon and rectum) for the corresponding hypermetabolic regions, or with diffuse (not focal) hypermetabolism were excluded. Finally, 88 regions of focal colorectal hypermetabolism in 85 patients (48 men and 37 women with mean age 67.0 ± 13.4 years and 63.4 ± 15.8 years, respectively), 48 focal thyroid uptakes in 48 patients (12 men and 36 women with mean age 62.2 ± 13.1 years and 60.8 ± 12.4 years, respectively), and 39 focal prostate uptakes in 39 patients (mean age 71.8 ± 7.5 years) were eligible for this study. For those unexpected focal hypermetabolic regions, rates of malignancy were calculated, PET parameters, such as standardized uptake value (SUV), capable of distinguishing between malignant and benign lesions were investigated, and the cutoffs of those PET parameters were determined by plotting receiver operating characteristic curves.
RESULTS In the colon and rectum, 29.5% (26/88) were malignant and 33.0% (29/88) were premalignant lesions. Both SUVmax and SUVpeak differentiated malignant/premalignant from benign lesions, however, no parameters could distinguish malignant from premalignant lesions. Higher area under the curve was shown with SUVmax (0.752, 95%CI: 0.649-0.856, P < 0.001) and the cutoff was 7.6. In the thyroid, 60.4% (29/48) were malignant. The majority were well-differentiated thyroid cancers (89.7%, 26/29). The results of BRAF mutation tests were available for 20 of the 26 well-differentiated thyroid cancers and all 20 had the mutation. Solely SUVmax differentiated malignant from benign lesions and the cutoff was 6.9. In the prostate, 56.4% (22/39) were malignant. Only SUVmax differentiated malignant from benign lesions and the cutoff was 3.8. Overall, among the 175 focal hypermetabolic regions, 60.6% (106/175) were proven to be malignant and premalignant (in colon and rectum) lesions.
CONCLUSION Approximately 60% of the incidentally observed focal F-18 FDG uptake in the colon/rectum, thyroid, and prostate were found to be malignant. Of the several PET parameters, SUVmax was superior to others in distinguishing between malignant/premalignant and benign lesions. Based on these findings, incidental focal hypermetabolism should not be ignored and lead physicians to conduct further investigations with greater confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haejun Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Hwang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, South Korea
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9
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Adnan A, Basu S. Dual-Tracer PET-Computed Tomography Imaging for Precision Radio-Molecular Theranostics of Prostate Cancer: A Futuristic Perspective. PET Clin 2022; 17:641-652. [PMID: 36153234 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dual/multi-tracer PET-computed tomography (CT) scan has been an interesting and intriguing concept and is promising in noninvasive and overall characterization of tumor biology and heterogeneity and has scientifically augmented the practice of precision oncology. In prostate carcinoma, particularly in metastatic castration-resistant prostate carcinoma setting, dual-tracer PET-CT can be potentially useful in selecting patients for chemotherapy, androgen deprivation therapy or prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-based peptide receptor radioligand therapy either as mono-therapy or as combination therapy, ascertaining differentiation status, staging/restaging, prognostication, and predicting progression/response. PSMA PET/CT has great potential as a "rule out" test in baseline staging, while being very useful in restaging and metastatic workup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadil Adnan
- Radiation Medicine Centre (B.A.R.C.), Tata Memorial Hospital Annexe, Jerbai Wadia Road, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sandip Basu
- Radiation Medicine Centre (B.A.R.C.), Tata Memorial Hospital Annexe, Jerbai Wadia Road, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
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10
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Şahin Ö, Kaya B, Aydın Z, Şen AE, İyisoy MS, Aydın A. Prostate incidentaloma on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography: Diagnostic value of volumetric positron emission tomography parameters. Nuklearmedizin 2021; 60:394-402. [PMID: 34243190 DOI: 10.1055/a-1525-7607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether volumetric PET parameters such as metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) contributed to maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in predicting prostate carcinoma in the prostate incidentalomas (PI) in 18F-FDG PET/CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study comprised 107 patients with PI of 4723 male patients who had undergone 18F-FDG PET/CT. SUVmax and volumetric PET parameters of PIs were assessed. MTV and TLG were acquired with each SUV threshold as 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0. RESULTS The PI incidence was 2.3%, and the malignancy ratio of PI was 15.9%. According to further analysis results, 17 patients were in the malignant group, and 46 patients were in the benign group. Malignant PIs had higher SUVmax (10.6 vs. 6.4 and p<0.01), MTV (all p < 0.01) and TLG (all p < 0.01) than benign incidentalomas. All volumetric PET parameters had higher area under the curve (AUC) than SUVmax. SUVmax AUC was 0.835 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.728-0.942]. MTV 2.5 and TLG 2.5 had the highest performance for predicting malignant PI.MTV2.5 AUC was 0.871 (95% CI: 0.775-0.968), and TLG2.5 AUC was 0.882 (95% CI: 0.797-0.967). Using TLG 2.5 greater than 29.8 as the cut-off point, the sensitivity and specificity for malignancy prediction were 94.1% and 82.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION In this study, in which the effectiveness of volumetric parameters in the diagnosis of PI was evaluated for the first time, it was shown that they could potentially have clinical value along with SUVmax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Şahin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Buğra Kaya
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Aydın
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Eren Şen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sinan İyisoy
- Department of Medical Education and Informatics, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Arif Aydın
- Department of Urology, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty Hospital, Konya, Turkey
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11
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Mannas MP, Lee T, Pourghiasian M, Wilson DC, Black PC. Incidentalomas of the prostate detected by 18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Can Urol Assoc J 2020; 14:E180-E184. [PMID: 31793859 PMCID: PMC7197962 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.5976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate incidentalomas are prostatic lesions suspicious for cancer discovered by imaging patients without a known history of prostatic cancer (PCa) for other reasons. 18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET) is used to diagnose, stage, and assess response to treatment for numerous cancers, but it is not routinely used for PCa. We aimed to determine the rate of detection of prostate incidentalomas in patients undergoing FDG PET and to evaluate the natural history of these lesions. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted of all FDG PET scans performed between 2005 and 2017 at a single institution. Patients were selected who had prostatic uptake without a history of PCa. Clinical data were collected from electronic medical records to determine how the prostate incidentalomas were further evaluated and to define the rate of malignancy. RESULTS A prostate incidentaloma was identified in 309 (1.0%) of 31 019 FDG PET scans performed on men. A prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test was obtained in 40.1% of patients within six months of prostate incidentaloma detection. Six patients underwent a multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate, which identified PCa in one case. Overall, PCa was diagnosed in 33 cases, representing 10.7% of the prostate incidentalomas and 0.1% of the scanned patients. PCa was intermediate- or high-risk in 27 (8.7%) of the prostate incidentalomas. CONCLUSIONS Incidental lesions detected in the prostate by FDG PET may represent clinically significant PCa. Referral to a urologist for further evaluation should be considered if the patient is otherwise in reasonable health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles P Mannas
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Taeweon Lee
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Maral Pourghiasian
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Don C Wilson
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Peter C Black
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver BC, Canada
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12
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Chetan MR, Barrett T, Gallagher FA. Clinical significance of prostate 18F-labelled fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on positron emission tomography/computed tomography: A five-year review. World J Radiol 2017; 9:350-358. [PMID: 29098068 PMCID: PMC5658630 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v9.i9.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the significance and need for investigation of incidental prostatic uptake in men undergoing 18F-labelled fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for other indications. METHODS Hospital databases were searched over a 5-year period for patients undergoing both PET/CT and prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). For the initial analysis, the prostate was divided into six sectors and suspicious or malignant sectors were identified using MRI and histopathology reports respectively. Maximum and mean 18F-FDG standardised uptake values were measured in each sector by an investigator blinded to the MRI and histopathology findings. Two age-matched controls were selected per case. Results were analysed using a paired t-test and one-way ANOVA. For the second analysis, PET/CT reports were searched for prostatic uptake reported incidentally and these patients were followed up. RESULTS Over a 5-year period, 15 patients underwent both PET/CT and MRI and had biopsy-proven prostate cancer. Malignant prostatic sectors had a trend to higher 18F-FDG uptake than benign sectors, however this was neither clinically nor statistically significant (3.13 ± 0.58 vs 2.86 ± 0.68, P > 0.05). 18F-FDG uptake showed no correlation with the presence or histopathological grade of tumour. 18F-FDG uptake in cases with prostate cancer was comparable to that from age-matched controls. Forty-six (1.6%) of 2846 PET/CTs over a 5-year period reported incidental prostatic uptake. Of these, 18 (0.6%) were investigated by PSA, 9 (0.3%) were referred to urology, with 3 (0.1%) undergoing MRI and/or biopsy. No cases of prostate cancer were diagnosed in patients with incidental 18F-FDG uptake in our institute over a 5-year period. CONCLUSION 18F-FDG uptake overlaps significantly between malignant and benign prostatic conditions. Subsequent patient management was not affected by the reporting of incidental focal prostatic uptake in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima R Chetan
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SP, United Kingdom
| | - Tristan Barrett
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ferdia A Gallagher
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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Couture A, Azizi M, Taussky D, McCormack M. Case: Incidental 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography prostate uptake: How should these patients be managed? Can Urol Assoc J 2017; 11:E318-E320. [PMID: 28761596 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.4426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/ computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) is a widely used diagnostic tool for whole-body imaging, and incidental prostatic uptake occurs in approximately 1% of patients undergoing the exam. Is 18F-FDG PET/CT a reliable screening tool for prostate cancer? Should these patients undergo transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsies? Studies have indicated that 18F-FDG PET/CT has a low positive predictive value for prostate cancer and is not recommended for screening;1 however, other studies suggest that when a discrete focal 18F-FDG uptake is discovered without coincidental calcification, particularly in the peripheral zone of the prostate, further clinical evaluation is recommended. We present two patients with incidental 18F-FDG PET/CT prostatic uptake who were found to have high-grade prostate cancer. Although 18F-FDG PET/CT has not been determined to be a reliable screening tool for prostate cancer, patients with incidental 18F-FDG uptake in the prostate should be referred for urological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Couture
- Université de Montréal, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mounsif Azizi
- Université de Montréal, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Taussky
- Université de Montréal, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael McCormack
- Université de Montréal, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
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14
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Clinical significance of incidental prostatic fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the diagnosis of infectious prostatitis in adult males. Nucl Med Commun 2017; 38:523-528. [DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Abstract
The use of positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in prostate cancer depends on the phase of the disease along the natural history of this prevalent malignancy in men. Incidental high FDG uptake in the prostate gland, although rare, should prompt further investigation with at least a measurement of serum prostate specific antigen level. Although in general FDG uptake level may significantly overlap among normal, benign, and malignant tissues, aggressive primary tumors with Gleason score > 7 tend to display high FDG uptake. PET with FDG may be useful in staging of those patients with aggressive primary tumors and can localize the site of disease in a small fraction of men with biochemical failure and negative conventional imaging studies. FDG-PET may be quite useful in treatment response assessment and prognostication of patients with castrate-resistant metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Jadvar
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
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16
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Brown AM, Lindenberg ML, Sankineni S, Shih JH, Johnson LM, Pruthy S, Kurdziel KA, Merino MJ, Wood BJ, Pinto PA, Choyke PL, Turkbey B. Does focal incidental 18F-FDG PET/CT uptake in the prostate have significance? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 40:3222-9. [PMID: 26239399 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-015-0520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE (18)F-FDG PET/CT is used to characterize many malignancies, but is not recommended for localized prostate cancer. This study explores the value of multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) in characterizing incidental prostate (18)F-FDG uptake. METHODS Thirty-one patients who underwent (18)F-FDG PET/CT for reasons unrelated to prostate cancer and prostate mpMRI were eligible for this retrospective study. The mpMRI included T2-weighted (T2W), dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and MR spectroscopy (MRS) sequences. Fourteen patients were excluded (n = 8 insufficient histopathology, n = 6 radical prostatectomy before PET), and final analysis included 17 patients. A nuclear medicine physician, blinded to clinicopathologic findings, identified suspicious areas and maximum standardized uptake values (SUV max) on (18)F-FDG PET/CT. Sector-based imaging findings were correlated with annotated histopathology from whole-mount or MRI/transrectal ultrasound fusion biopsy samples. Positive predictive values (PPVs) were estimated using generalized estimating equations with logit link. Results were evaluated with Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's multiple comparisons tests. RESULTS The PPV of (18)F-FDG PET alone in detecting prostate cancer was 0.65. Combining (18)F-FDG PET as a base parameter with mpMRI (T2W, DCE, ADC, and MRS) increased the PPV to 0.82, 0.83, 0.83, and 0.94, respectively. All benign lesions had SUV max < 6. Malignant lesions had higher SUV max values that correlated with Gleason scores. There was a significant difference in SUV max per prostate between the Gleason ≥ 4 + 5 and benign categories (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Focal incidental prostate (18)F-FDG uptake has low clinical utility alone, but regions of uptake may harbor high-grade prostate cancer, especially if SUV max > 6. Using mpMRI to further evaluate incidental (18)F-FDG uptake aids the diagnosis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Brown
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B85, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maria L Lindenberg
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B85, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sandeep Sankineni
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B85, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Joanna H Shih
- Biometric Research Branch, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Linda M Johnson
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B85, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Suneha Pruthy
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B85, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Karen A Kurdziel
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B85, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Bradford J Wood
- Center for Interventional Oncology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter A Pinto
- Urologic Oncology Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B85, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Baris Turkbey
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B85, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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17
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Update on advances in molecular PET in urological oncology. Jpn J Radiol 2016; 34:470-85. [PMID: 27222021 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-016-0553-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Integrated positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG) has emerged as a powerful tool for the combined metabolic and anatomic evaluation of many cancers. In urological oncology, however, the use of (18)F-FDG has been limited by a generally low tumor uptake, and physiological excretion of FDG through the urinary system. (18)F-FDG PET/CT is useful when applied to specific indications in selected patients with urological malignancy. New radiotracers and positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) are expected to further improve the performance of PET in uro-oncology.
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18
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Reesink DJ, Fransen van de Putte EE, Vegt E, De Jong J, van Werkhoven E, Mertens LS, Bex A, van der Poel HG, van Rhijn BWG, Horenblas S, Meijer RP. Clinical Relevance of Incidental Prostatic Lesions on FDG-Positron Emission Tomography/Computerized Tomography-Should Patients Receive Further Evaluation? J Urol 2015; 195:907-12. [PMID: 26598424 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE FDG ((18)F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose)-PET/CT (positron emission tomography)/(computerized tomography) is a widely used diagnostic tool for whole body imaging. Incidental prostatic uptake is often found on FDG-PET/CT. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical relevance of incidental prostatic uptake on FDG-PET/CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed 108 consecutive male patients with bladder cancer who underwent FDG-PET/CT and subsequently radical cystoprostatectomy between May 2009 and November 2014. PET/CT scans were blindly reviewed by a dedicated nuclear medicine physician for incidental prostatic FDG uptake. If present, the maximum standardized uptake value was determined. Subsequently incidental prostatic uptake was categorized as suspect, indeterminate or nonsuspect for prostate cancer. RESULTS Incidental prostatic uptake was present in 43 of 108 patients (40%). Of these 43 patients 13 (30%) had occult prostate cancer in cystoprostatectomy specimens. Overall prostate cancer was found in 25 of 108 specimens (23%). If all incidental prostatic uptake was regarded as prostate cancer, the sensitivity and specificity of FDG-PET/CT for prostate cancer detection were 52% and 64%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 30% and 82%, respectively. If only lesions labeled suspect or indeterminate were regarded as prostate cancer, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 32%, 76%, 29% and 79%, respectively. Categorizing indeterminate lesions as nonprostate cancer did not improve diagnostic accuracy. Gleason score did not correlate with maximum standardized uptake value or serum prostate specific antigen. CONCLUSIONS Incidental prostatic uptake on FDG-PET/CT has a low positive predictive value for prostate cancer. An attempt to classify lesions as suspect or nonsuspect did not increase diagnostic accuracy. Based on these results physicians should be cautious about applying invasive diagnostic methods to detect prostate cancer in case of incidental prostatic uptake on FDG-PET/CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan J Reesink
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Erik Vegt
- Department of Medicine, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen De Jong
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik van Werkhoven
- Department of Medical Statistics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura S Mertens
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Axel Bex
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk G van der Poel
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas W G van Rhijn
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Horenblas
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard P Meijer
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Urology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Öztürk H, Karapolat I. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT for detection of disease in patients with prostate-specific antigen relapse following radical treatment of a local-stage prostate cancer. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:316-322. [PMID: 26870210 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to retrospectively review the contribution of 18F-fluorodeoxygluose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in the assessment of biochemical recurrence in patients with a diagnosis of local-stage prostate cancer (PCa) who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) or received external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). A total of 28 patients who underwent RP or received EBRT for PCa between July 2007 and April 2013, and who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT scanning for re-staging due to biochemical recurrence were included in the present study. The mean age of the patients was 65.07 years and the standard deviation was 7.51 years (range, 51-82 years). Of the 28 patients, 23 (82.1%) underwent RP and 5 (17.9%) received definitive EBRT. Prior to scanning, all patients were required to fast for 6 h, and ~1 h after the intravenous injection of 555 MBq 18F-FDG, whole-body PET scans were performed from the skull base to the upper thighs. Whole-body CT scans were performed in the craniocaudal direction. 18F-FDG PET images were reconstructed using CT data for attenuation correction. Histopathology examination or clinical follow-up was used to confirm any suspicious recurrent or metastatic lesions. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT were 61.6, 75.0, 61.6, 75.0 and 71.4%, respectively. 18F-FDG PET/CT can detect local and distant metastases with a high accuracy in the assessment of biochemical recurrence, thus detecting occult metastases and allowing the re-staging of PCa in the patients receiving definitive treatment. It is considered that 18F-FDG PET/CT may be useful in re-assessing the patients with PCa receiving definitive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Öztürk
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Sifa University, Izmir 35240, Turkey
| | - Inanç Karapolat
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Sifa University, Izmir 35240, Turkey
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20
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Ouyang Q, Duan Z, Lei J, Jiao G. Comparison of meta-analyses among elastosonography (ES) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging techniques in the application of prostate cancer diagnosis. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:2999-3007. [PMID: 26415734 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) appears to be of vital significance for the provision of appropriate treatment programs. Even though several sophisticated imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and elastosonography (ES) have already been developed for PCa diagnosis, the diagnostic accuracy of these imaging techniques is still controversial to some extent. Therefore, a comprehensive meta-analysis in this study was performed to compare the accuracy of various diagnostic imaging methods for PCa, including 11C-choline PET/CT, 11C-acetate PET/CT, 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT, 18F-fluoroglucose PET/CT, transrectal real-time elastosonography (TRTE), and shear-wave elastosonography (SWE). The eligible studies were identified through systematical searching for the literature in electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science. On the basis of the fixed-effects model, the pooled sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) were calculated to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of 11C-choline PET/CT, 11C-acetate PET/CT, 18F-fluorocholine (FCH) PET/CT, 18F-fluoroglucose (FDG) PET/CT, TRTE, and SWE. All the statistical analyses were conducted with R language Software. The present meta-analysis incorporating a total of 82 studies demonstrated that the pooled sensitivity of the six imaging techniques were sorted as follows: SWE > 18F-FCH PET/CT > 11C-choline PET/CT > TRTE > 11C-acetate PET/CT > 18F-FDG PET/CT; the pooled specificity were also compared: SWE > 18F-FCH PET/CT > 11C-choline PET/CT > TRTE > 18F-FDG PET/CT > 11C-acetate PET/CT; finally, the pooled diagnostic accuracy of the six imaging techniques based on AUC were ranked as below: SWE > 18F-FCH PET/CT > 11C-choline PET/CT > TRTE > 11C-acetate PET/CT > 18F-FDG PET/CT. SWE and 18F-FCH PET/CT imaging could offer more assistance in the early diagnosis of PCa than any other studied imaging techniques. However, the diagnostic ranking of the six imaging techniques might not be applicable to the clinical phase due to the shortage of stratified analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohong Ouyang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Zhongxiang Duan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jixiao Lei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Guangli Jiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
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Granulomatous Prostatitis After Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Instillation Therapy: A Potential Cause of Incidental F-18 FDG Uptake in the Prostate Gland on F-18 FDG PET/CT in Patients with Bladder Cancer. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015; 50:31-7. [PMID: 26941857 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-015-0364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the possibility that Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-induced granulomatous prostatitis can be a potential cause of benign F-18 FDG uptake. METHODS A total of 395 bladder cancer patients who underwent F-18 FDG PET/CT (PET/CT) were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups according to BCG therapy status. Elapsed time after BCG therapy, serum PSA level, results of prostate biopsy, and the SUVmax and uptake pattern in the prostate gland were reviewed. For patients who underwent follow-up PET/CT, the changes in SUVmax were calculated. RESULTS While 35 % of patients showed prostate uptake in the BCG therapy group, only 1 % showed prostate uptake in the non-BCG therapy group (p < 0.001). Among 49 patients with FDG-avid prostate lesions, none had suspected malignancy during the follow-up period (median: 16 months). Five patients revealed granulomatous prostatitis on biopsy. The incidence of FDG-avid prostate lesions was significantly higher if the elapsed time after BCG therapy was less than 1 year compared to more than 1 year (p < 0.001). Serum PSA was normal in 88 % of patients. All patients with incidental F-18 FDG uptake in the prostate gland showed focal or multifocal prostate uptake, and median SUVmax was 4.7. In 16 patients who underwent follow-up PET/CT, SUVmax was decreased in 14 patients (88 %) without treatment, and no patients demonstrated further increased prostate uptake (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS BCG-induced granulomatous prostatitis can be a potential cause of benign F-18 FDG uptake, especially in those with a history of bladder cancer treated with BCG. In BCG-induced granulomatous prostatitis, focal or multifocal prostate uptake is frequently seen within 1 year after BCG therapy, and the intensity of prostate uptake is decreased on the follow-up PET/CT without any treatment.
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Erdogan EB, Buyukpinarbasili N, Ziyade S, Akman T, Turk HM, Aydin M. Incidental detection of prostate-specific antigen-negative metastatic prostate cancer initially presented with solitary pulmonary nodule on fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Indian J Nucl Med 2015; 30:268-71. [PMID: 26170575 PMCID: PMC4479921 DOI: 10.4103/0972-3919.151655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A 71-year-old male patient with solitary pulmonary nodule underwent fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) showing slightly increased FDG uptake in this nodule. In addition, PET/CT detected hypermetabolic sclerotic bone lesions in the right second rib and 7th thoracic vertebrae, which were interpreted as possible metastases, and mildly increased FDG uptake in the prostate gland highly suspicious of malignancy. The patient's prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was within normal range (3.8 ng/dL). The histopathological examination of the lung nodule and right second rib lesion proved metastases from prostate cancer, then the prostate biopsy-confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma. The unique feature of this case is to emphasize the importance of performing PET/CT for solitary pulmonary nodule in detecting PSA-negative metastatic prostate cancer. This case indicated that it should be kept in mind that, even if the PSA is negative, a lung metastasis of prostate cancer may be an underlying cause in patients evaluated for solitary pulmonary nodule by FDG PET/CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Basak Erdogan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Turkey
| | - Nur Buyukpinarbasili
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Turkey
| | - Sedat Ziyade
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Turkey
| | - Tolga Akman
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Turkey
| | - Haci Mehmet Turk
- Division of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Aydin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Turkey
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23
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Kang PM, Seo WI, Lee SS, Bae SK, Kwak HS, Min K, Kim W, Kang DI. Incidental abnormal FDG uptake in the prostate on 18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography scans. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:8699-703. [PMID: 25374193 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.20.8699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) scans are commonly used for the staging and restaging of various malignancies, such as head and neck, breast, colorectal and gynecological cancers. However, the value of FDG PET/CT for detecting prostate cancer is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of incidental prostate 18F-FDG uptake on PET/CT scans. We reviewed 18F-FDG PET/CT scan reports from September 2009 to September 2013, and selected cases that reported focal/diffuse FDG uptake in the prostate. We analyzed the correlation between 18F-FDG PET/CT scan findings and data collected during evaluations such as serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, digital rectal examination (DRE), transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), and/or biopsy to confirm prostate cancer. Of a total of 18,393 cases, 106 (0.6%) exhibited abnormal hypermetabolism in the prostate. Additional evaluations were performed in 66 patients. Serum PSA levels were not significantly correlated with maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) in all patients (rho 0.483, p=0.132). Prostate biopsies were performed in 15 patients, and prostate cancer was confirmed in 11. The median serum PSA level was 4.8 (0.55-7.06) ng/mL and 127.4 (1.06-495) ng/mL in the benign and prostate cancer groups, respectively. The median SUVmax was higher in the prostate cancer group (mean 10.1, range 3.8-24.5) than in the benign group (mean 4.3, range 3.1-8.8), but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.078). There was no significant correlation between SUVmax and serum PSA, prostatic volume, or Gleason score. 18F-FDG PET/CT scans did not reliably differentiate malignant or benign from abnormal uptake lesions in the prostate, and routine prostate biopsy was not usually recommended in patients with abnormal FDG uptake. Nevertheless, patients with incidental prostate uptake on 18F-FDG PET/ CT scans should not be ignored and should be undergo further clinical evaluations, such as PSA and DRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil Moon Kang
- Department of Urology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, Korea E-mail : urokang @lycos.co.kr
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Multicentre study of 18F-FDG-PET/CT prostate incidental uptake. Jpn J Radiol 2015; 33:538-46. [PMID: 26153112 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-015-0453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of our study was to establish the prevalence and pathological nature of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) prostate incidental uptake (PIU) among patients studied for non-prostate-malignant purposes in three nuclear medicine centres. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 20,422 scans performed on male patients; all patients underwent 18F-FDG-PET/CT for purposes not related to prostate disease. RESULTS Among 20,422 patients PIU was identified for 280 (1.4 %) with an average age of 70 ± 10.7 years. Sixty-three of the 280 patients with PIU (22.5 %) underwent PSA dosage and biopsy to determine the nature of the incidental uptake. Thirty-five of the 63 (55.5 %) PIU were malignant whereas 28/63 (44.5 %) were benign. The average value of PSA for patients with benign PIU was 3.7 ± 2.8 ng/ml whereas it was 7.8 ± 8.2 ng/ml in patients with malignant PIU; this difference was statistically significant. For malignant lesions, the average lesion-to-liver SUVmax ratio was 2.9 ± 2.5 and the average lesion-to-blood-pool SUVmax ratio was 3.7 ± 2.5. For benign lesions, the average lesion-to-liver SUVmax ratio was 2.5 ± 1.7 and the average lesion-to-blood-pool SUVmax ratio was 3.5 ± 2.4; there was no statistically significant difference between lesion-to-liver and lesion-to-blood-pool SUVmax ratios for benign and malignant lesions. CONCLUSION Because PIU values are indicative of malignancy for a substantial percentage of patients, further investigation is required.
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Kwon T, Jeong IG, You D, Hong JH, Ahn H, Kim CS. Prevalence and clinical significance of incidental (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose uptake in prostate. Korean J Urol 2015; 56:288-94. [PMID: 25874042 PMCID: PMC4392028 DOI: 10.4111/kju.2015.56.4.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of incidental prostate fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) uptake and to evaluate its impact on patient management. Materials and Methods Of 47,109 men who underwent FDG positron emission tomography between 2004 and 2014, 1,335 (2.83%) demonstrated incidental FDG uptake in the prostate, with 99 of the latter undergoing prostate biopsy. The primary end point was the histological presence of prostate adenocarcinoma in the biopsy specimen. Outcomes, including treatment methods, survival, and causes of death, were also assessed. Factors associated with the diagnosis of prostate cancer were evaluated by using logistic regression analysis. Results Patients with prostate cancer were more likely to have higher serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (p=0.001) and focal FDG uptake (p=0.036) than were those without. Prostate cancer occurred in 1 of 26 patients (3.8%) with serum PSA<2.5 ng/mL, compared with 40 of 67 patients (59.7%) with serum PSA≥2.5 ng/mL. Multivariable analysis showed that focal lesions (odds ratio [OR], 5.50; p=0.038), age (OR, 1.06; p=0.031), and serum PSA (OR, 1.28; p=0.001) were independent predictors of prostate cancer diagnosis. Most patients with prostate cancer had organ-confined tumors. Of these, 12 (29.3%) underwent radical prostatectomy and 25 (60.9%) received hormone therapy. Of the 11 patients who died, 9 died of primary cancer progression, with only 1 patient dying from prostate cancer. Conclusions The prevalence of incidental FDG uptake in the prostate was not high, although patients with elevated serum PSA had a higher incidence of prostate cancer. Patients with FDG uptake in the prostate should be secondarily evaluated by measuring serum PSA, with those having high serum PSA undergoing prostate biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taekmin Kwon
- Department of Urology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea. ; Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Gab Jeong
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dalsan You
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Hyuk Hong
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hanjong Ahn
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choung-Soo Kim
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Bertagna F, Evangelista L, Piccardo A, Bertoli M, Bosio G, Giubbini R, Orlando E, Treglia G. Multicentric study on 18F-FDG-PET/CT breast incidental uptake in patients studied for non-breast malignant purposes. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.remnie.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bertagna F, Evangelista L, Piccardo A, Bertoli M, Bosio G, Giubbini R, Orlando E, Treglia G. Multicentric study on ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT breast incidental uptake in patients studied for non-breast malignant purposes. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2014; 34:24-9. [PMID: 25312053 DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Our study has aimed to establish the prevalence and pathological nature of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) breast incidental uptake (BIU) in patients studied for non-malignant breast tumours and then to compare our data obtained in three Italian nuclear medicine centres with those available in literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 42,927 (18)F-FDG-PET/CT scans performed on patients studied in three Italian Nuclear Medicine Centres. All patients underwent (18)F-FDG-PET/CT for oncologic purposes not related to breast disease. RESULTS Among 42,927 scans, a BIU was identified in 79 (0.18%) patients, 75 (95%) female and 4 (5%) male with an average age of 62 ± 17 years. Twenty-five out of 35 (71.5%) BIUs were malignant and 10/35 (28.5%) benign. Among the 25/35 incidentalomas that were malignant, 12/25 (48%) were infiltrating ductal carcinoma, 5/25 (20%) ductal carcinoma (infiltrating and in situ), 4/25 (16%) lobular carcinoma, 2/25 (8%) ductal carcinoma in situ and 2/25 (8%) were metastases from the primary tumour under investigation. Of the 10 BIUs that were benign in the histological examination, after further investigations it was found that 9/10 (90%) were fibroadenomas and 1/10 (10%) was a benign lesion not better specified. The lesion to liver or to blood-pool SUVmax ratio in malignant lesions is significantly higher than in benign ones. CONCLUSIONS Our multicenter study demonstrates that, although they are uncommon, BIUs show a high percentage of malignancy and therefore requires further research.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Breast Diseases/diagnostic imaging
- Breast Diseases/epidemiology
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Breast Neoplasms/secondary
- Breast Neoplasms, Male/diagnostic imaging
- Breast Neoplasms, Male/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Lobular/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma, Lobular/epidemiology
- Female
- Fibroadenoma/chemistry
- Fibroadenoma/diagnostic imaging
- Fibroadenoma/epidemiology
- Fluorine Radioisotopes/pharmacokinetics
- Fluorodeoxyglucose F18/pharmacokinetics
- Humans
- Incidental Findings
- Italy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/chemistry
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/diagnostic imaging
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/epidemiology
- Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods
- Radiopharmaceuticals/pharmacokinetics
- Retrospective Studies
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bertagna
- Nuclear Medicine, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Laura Evangelista
- Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Mattia Bertoli
- Nuclear Medicine, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bosio
- Nuclear Medicine, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Raffaele Giubbini
- Nuclear Medicine, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Orlando
- Department of Radiology, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Treglia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Center, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Bertagna F, Sadeghi R, Giovanella L, Treglia G. Incidental uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in the prostate gland. Systematic review and meta-analysis on prevalence and risk of malignancy. Nuklearmedizin 2014; 53:249-58. [PMID: 25170975 DOI: 10.3413/nukmed-0668-14-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data on the prevalence and risk of malignancy of prostatic incidental uptake (PIU) detected by fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) or PET/computed tomography (PET/CT). PATIENTS, MATERIAL, METHODS A comprehensive literature search of studies published up to February 2014 was performed. Pooled prevalence and malignancy risk of PIU were calculated on a per patient-based analysis including 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Furthermore, we assessed some parameters as potential predictors of malignant PIU. RESULTS Six studies including 47925 patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT were selected. Pooled prevalence of PIU was 1.8% (95%CI: 1.3-2.3%). Overall, 444 patients with PIU were further evaluated and 121 underwent biopsy. The pooled risk of malignancy in patients with PIU further evaluated or verified by biopsy were 17% (95%CI: 12-23%) and 62% (95%CI: 54-71%), respectively. A higher mean age was observed in the group of malignant PIUs compared to benign PIUs. There was a trend towards a higher mean SUV(max) in the group of malignant PIUs but without a statistically significant difference compared to benign PIUs. Peripheric site of PIU but not presence or absence of calcification was a predictor of malignancy. CONCLUSIONS PIU is observed in about 1.8% of 18F-FDG PET/CT scans performed in male patients carrying a significant risk of malignancy. Therefore, whenever a PIU is detected further investigation is warranted to exclude malignancy, in particular when PIU is located in the peripheric site of prostate gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bertagna
- Francesco Bertagna, M.D., Nuclear Medicine, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili di Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili, 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy, E-mail: , , Tel. +39/30/399 54 68, Fax +39/30/399 54 20
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Abstract
Kidney, bladder, and prostate cancer account for more than one-eighth of new cancer cases worldwide. Imaging in kidney cancer is dominated by computed tomography (CT). Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of bladder cancer is hampered by the urinary excretion of the most common PET tracer, 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG). PET imaging has been applied more often in prostate cancer. FDG-PET/CT is claimed to have a high frequency of false-negative results in urologic cancers; however, this finding may instead reflect correctly the state of disease being due to slow-growing cancers with a good prognosis and without a need of therapy.
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30
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Dong A, Bai Y, Wang Y, Zuo C, Lu J. Spectrum of the prostate lesions with increased FDG uptake on 18F-FDG PET/CT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 39:908-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00261-014-0114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Seino H, Ono S, Miura H, Morohashi S, Wu Y, Tsushima F, Takai Y, Kijima H. Incidental prostate ¹⁸F-FDG uptake without calcification indicates the possibility of prostate cancer. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:1517-22. [PMID: 24503866 PMCID: PMC3975987 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Incidental 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake in the prostate is often experienced in clinical practice; however, it is difficult to determine whether incidental uptake is indicative of a malignancy or benign state based on the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax). In the present study, we investigated the clinical significance of incidental prostate uptake by 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET)/CT, and examined the differences between malignant and benign uptake from a clinicopathological viewpoint. We reviewed 3,236 male subjects who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT scans at Hirosaki University Hospital (Japan) from 2008 to 2012 in order to identify cases of incidental prostate FDG uptake. The final diagnosis was made by serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, biopsy, imaging studies and clinical follow-up with PET findings. Incidental FDG uptake of the prostate was observed in 53 cases (2%). Four cases were excluded due to insufficient clinical data, and 49 cases were included in the present study. Of the 49 cases, 8 (16%) had prostate cancer, while 41 (84%) were benign. All 8 malignant cases had high uptake areas, e.g. in the prostate peripheral zone, where there was no coexistence of calcification or FDG uptake. Of the 41 benign cases, 19 had high uptake in the inner zone, 17 in the peripheral zone, and 5 in both the inner and peripheral zones. Of the 41 cases, 18 (44%) showed FDG uptake coexisting with prostatic calcification. Incidental prostate 18F-FDG uptake infrequently signifies prostate cancer; however, FDG uptake not coexisting with calcification indicates the possibility of prostate cancer and should be included in the differential diagnosis for performing other clinical examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Seino
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ono
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miura
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Satoko Morohashi
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yunyan Wu
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Fumiyasu Tsushima
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takai
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kijima
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
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BARTOLETTI RICCARDO, MELIANI ENRICO, BONGINI ANDREA, MAGNO CARLO, CAI TOMMASO. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography may aid the diagnosis of aggressive primary prostate cancer: A case series study. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:381-386. [PMID: 24396452 PMCID: PMC3881937 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that positive results may be observed for fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in undifferentiated, biologically aggressive and metastatic tumors. The present study describes a case series of six patients with normal prostate-specific antigen (PSA) serum levels who underwent FDG-PET due to other causes. Positive PET results were observed at the prostate and the patients were subsequently diagnosed with high-risk prostate cancer. Clinical, anamnestic, laboratory and instrumental data were collected from six asymptomatic patients with total serum PSA levels of <4 ng/ml who had undergone FDG-PET due to other causes. The FDG-PET and prostate biopsy were positive for prostate cancer. All the patients were treated with radical intent. The median age was 66 years (range, 52-72 years), the median total PSA value was 2.4 ng/ml (range, 1.5-3.9 ng/ml) and the body mass index was 26.4 (range, 21.8-30.2). Three of the six patients underwent FDG-PET due to a clinical suspicion of multiple myeloma, while three patients were examined for other oncological diseases. The pathological analysis at the prostate biopsy revealed three patients with a Gleason score of 6, two with a score of 7 (4+3) and one with a score of 8 (4+4). Five of the six patients were treated by radical prostatectomy and one by radiotherapy. The pathological analysis revealed one patient of pT2a stage, three of pT2c and one of pT3b. No patients demonstrated lymph node invasion. The definitive Gleason score was 3+3 in one patient, 4+3 in one patient, 4+4 in two patients and 5+3 in one patient. Following a median follow-up time of six months (range, 1-12 months), five of the six patients underwent FDG-PET again, which revealed negative results. At the end of this study, these patients were alive without evidence of disease. By contrast, one patient demonstrated positive FDG-PET results. In conclusion, FDG-PET has been used to characterize prostate cancers in patients with apparently normal PSA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- RICCARDO BARTOLETTI
- Department of Medical and Surgical Critical Care, Urology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Urology Unit, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - ENRICO MELIANI
- Urology Unit, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - ANDREA BONGINI
- Urology Unit, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - CARLO MAGNO
- Department of Urology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - TOMMASO CAI
- Department of Urology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Bertagna F, Treglia G, Orlando E, Dognini L, Giovanella L, Sadeghi R, Giubbini R. Prevalence and clinical significance of incidental F18-FDG breast uptake: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Jpn J Radiol 2013; 32:59-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s11604-013-0270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
With the widespread use of whole-body fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET/computed tomography as a diagnostic tool in patients with cancer, incidental findings are of increasing importance. This is particularly true within the pelvis, where several benign findings might present with increased FDG uptake. In addition, physiologic excretion of radiotracer by way of the urinary tract can complicate image analysis. This article reviews potential incidental benign findings in the pelvis that one should be aware of when interpreting FDG-PET/computed tomography scans.
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Jadvar H. Imaging evaluation of prostate cancer with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT: utility and limitations. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2013; 40 Suppl 1:S5-10. [PMID: 23429934 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-013-2361-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a major public health problem in developed countries. The remarkable biological and clinical heterogeneity of prostate cancer provides unique opportunities as well as challenges for the diagnostic imaging evaluation of this prevalent disease. The disease is characterized by a natural history that ranges from localized slowly growing hormone-dependent tumor progressing to metastatic hormone-refractory disease. PET is an ideal imaging tool for noninvasive interrogation of the underlying tumor biology. (18)F-FDG is the most common PET radiotracer used for oncological applications based upon elevated glucose metabolism in malignant tissue in comparison to normal tissue. FDG uptake in prostate cancer depends on tumor differentiation with low accumulation in well-differentiated tumors and high uptake in aggressive poorly differentiated tumors. Cumulative current evidence suggests that FDG PET may be useful in detection of disease in a small fraction of patients with biochemical recurrence, in the imaging evaluation of extent and treatment response in metastatic disease and in prediction of patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Jadvar
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC 102, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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