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©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Cardiol. Aug 26, 2015; 7(8): 466-475
Published online Aug 26, 2015. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v7.i8.466
Published online Aug 26, 2015. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v7.i8.466
ER expert consensus recommendations on early repolarization diagnosis |
ER syndrome is diagnosed in the presence of J-point elevation ≥ 1 mm in ≥ 2 contiguous inferior and/or lateral leads of a standard 12-lead ECG in a patient resuscitated from otherwise unexplained VF/polymorphic VT |
ER syndrome can be diagnosed in an SCD victim with a negative autopsy and medical chart review with a previous ECG demonstrating J-point elevation ≥ 1 mm in ≥ 2 contiguous inferior and/or lateral leads of a standard 12-lead ECG |
ER pattern can be diagnosed in the presence of J-point elevation ≥ 1 mm in ≥ 2 contiguous inferior and/or lateral leads of a standard 12-lead ECG |
Conditions with predominant J-waves |
Hypothermia |
Hypercalcaemia |
Hyperkalaemia |
Vasospastic angina |
Brugada syndrome |
Early repolarization syndrome |
Short QT syndrome |
Hypoxia |
Acidosis |
Pulmonary embolism |
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy |
Subarachnoid haemorrhage |
Expert consensus recommendations on early repolarization therapeutic interventions | ||
Class I | 1 | ICD implantation is recommended in patients with a diagnosis of ER syndrome who have survived a cardiac arrest |
Class IIa | 2 | Isoproterenol infusion can be useful in suppressing electrical storms in patients with a diagnosis of ER syndrome |
3 | Quinidine in addition to an ICD can be useful for secondary prevention of VF in patients with a diagnosis of ER syndrome | |
Class IIb | 4 | ICD implantation may be considered in symptomatic family members of ER syndrome patients with a history of syncope in the presence of ST-segment elevation > 1 mm in 2 or more inferior or lateral leads |
5 | ICD implantation may be considered in asymptomatic individuals who demonstrate a high-risk ER ECG pattern (high J-wave amplitude, horizontal/descending ST segment) in the presence of a strong family history of juvenile unexplained sudden death with or without a pathogenic mutation | |
Class III | 6 | ICD implantation is not recommended in asymptomatic patients with an isolated ER ECG pattern |
- Citation: Ali A, Butt N, Sheikh AS. Early repolarization syndrome: A cause of sudden cardiac death. World J Cardiol 2015; 7(8): 466-475
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v7/i8/466.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v7.i8.466