Impaired diastolic function in naïve untreated human immunodeficiency virus infected patients

Table 1 Clinical and laboratory parameters of HIV patients and control subjects (mean ± SD)

	HIV patients (n = 53)	Control subjects (n = 56)
Sex (M/F)	36/17	38/18
Age (yr)	38 ± 7	39 ± 8
Body mass index (kg/m2)	22 ± 3	23 ± 3
Current smoking (%)	38	36
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	128 ± 5	120 ± 9
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	78 ± 3	76 ± 7
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	158 ± 27	160 ± 33
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	44 ± 4	45 ± 6
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	127 ± 45	125 ± 40
Glucose (mg/dL)	80 ± 14	82 ± 13
Homocysteine (mg/dL)	11.5 ± 5.1	8.1 ± 4.3
High-sensitivity C reactive protein (mg/L)	0.68 ± 0.79	0.47 ± 0.35

HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus.

Table 2 Viral and immunological parameters of HIV patients and controls (mean ± SD)

	HIV patients (n = 53)	Control subjects (n = 56)
HIV-RNA (copies/mL)	9.754 ± 13.172
Duration of HIV infection (mo)	29.7 ± 28.0
CD4+ (cells/mm3)	370 ± 295
TNF-α (pg/mL)	18 ± 9b	8 ± 6

^bP < 0.001 vs controls. TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor α.

Table 3 Systolic function in HIV patients and control subjects (mean ± SD)

	HIV patients (n = 53)	Control subjects (n = 56)
M-mode measurements
LV-ED dimension (mm)	45.6 ± 5.9	46.2 ± 5.1
LV-ES dimension (mm)	31.1 ± 5.9	30.7 ± 6.5
LV-IS diastole (mm)	10.30 ± 2.03	9.90 ± 3.30
LV-IS systole (mm)	13.20 ± 2.85	13.10 ± 3.20
LV-PW diastole (mm)	9.06 ± 2.30	9.30 ± 2.50
LV-PW systole (mm)	12.9 ± 2.7	11.8 ± 3.1
B-mode measurements
EDV (mL)	107.6 ± 29.9	110.0 ± 33.6
ESV (mL)	44.2 ± 16.5	42.0 ± 17.1
LV-EF ( biplane Simpson's) (%)	63.3 ± 7.1	65.1 ± 8.2
SV (mL)	26.0 ± 20.8	24.6 ± 18.9
LV-ET (ms)	308.0 ± 40.8	306.0 ± 41.2

LV-ED: Left ventricular end diastole; LV-ES: Left ventricular end systole; LV-IS: Left ventricular interventricular septum; LV-PW: Left ventricular posterior wall; EDV: End-diastolic volume; ESV: End-systolic volume; LV-EF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; SV: Stroke volume; LV-ET: Left ventricular ejection time.

Table 4 Diastolic function in HIV patients and control subjects (mean ± SD)

	HIV patients(n = 53)	Control subjects (n = 56)	P
Transmitralic Doppler
Peak E wave velocity (cm/s)	62.7 ± 18.3	79.1 ± 16.4	< 0.001
Peak A wave velocity (cm/s)	57.8 ± 15.7	65.5 ± 21.1	< 0.050
E/A ratio	1.11 ± 0.26	1.25 ± 0.20	< 0.001
Dct (ms)	190.7 ± 24.8	178.1 ± 26.5	< 0.050
IVRT (ms)	98.1 ± 14.3	86.9 ± 14.4	< 0.010
Tissue Doppler
Peak Em wave velocity (cm/s)	12.7 ± 8.2	18.9 ± 5.6	< 0.001
Peak Am wave velocity (cm/s)	10.0 ± 6.9	14.3 ± 4.9	< 0.001
Em/Am ratio	1.18 ± 0.36	1.36 ± 0.24	< 0.010
Combined index
E/Em ratio	6.6 ± 3.5	4.5 ± 1.9	< 0.001

Dct: E wave deceleration time (ms); IVRT: Isovolumetric relaxation time (ms).