Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Cardiol. Jul 26, 2020; 12(7): 342-350
Published online Jul 26, 2020. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v12.i7.342
Table 1 Characteristics of hepatic cirrhosis patients stratified by presence of atrial fibrillation among 2003-2014
CharacteristicNon-AF (n = 651192)AF (n = 45745)P value
Age (mean ± SD, yr)54 ± 1165 ± 11< 0.001
Female, n (%)171592 (28.3)9244 (20.2)< 0.001
Race, n (%)< 0.001
Caucasian343516 (65.8)30624 (76.2)
African American57718 (11.1)3674 (9.1)
Hispanic91439 (17.5)4130 (10.3)
Medical comorbidity, n (%)
Hypertension215381 (35.7)23136 (50.7)< 0.001
Diabetes mellitus126047 (20.8)12282 (26.8)< 0.001
Prior sternotomy8602 (1.4)2926 (6.4)< 0.001
Chronic pulmonary disease106826 (17.6)14176 (31)< 0.001
Chronic renal failure62065 (10.3)9884 (21.6)< 0.001
Anemia186205 (30.8)13771 (30.1)0.004
Chronic alcohol use418372 (69.1)29194 (63.8)< 0.001
Hypothyroidism35221 (5.8)4662 (10.2)< 0.001
Peripheral vascular disease16026 (2.6)3518 (7.7)< 0.001
Smoking159957 (26.4)8420 (18.4)< 0.001
Coronary artery disease31636 (5.2)6994 (15.3)< 0.001
Hospital characteristic, n (%)
Teaching hospital303751 (50.4)22069 (48.4)< 0.001
Rural area57619 (9.6)4378 (9.6)0.761
Hospital bed-size< 0.001
Small72730 (12.1)5903 (13)
Medium156654 (26)11616 (25.5)
Large373165 (61.9)28057 (61.6)
Primary payer, n (%)< 0.001
Medicare/Medicaid350547 (57.9)33371 (73)
Private including HMO140515 (23.2)8278 (18.1)
Self-pay72366 (12)2287 (5)
Table 2 Characteristics of propensity matched hepatic cirrhosis patients stratified by presence of atrial fibrillation among 2003-2014
CharacteristicNon-AF (n = 45504)AF (n = 45504)P value
Age (mean ± SD, yr)65 ± 1165 ± 110.827
Female, n (%)9174 (20.2)9221 (20.3)0.703
Race, n (%)0.561
Caucasian34548 (75.9)34633 (76.1)
African American4314 (9.5)4179 (9.2)
Hispanic4644 (10.2)4692 (10.3)
Medical comorbidity, n (%)
Hypertension23142 (50.9)22972 (50.5)0.251
Diabetes mellitus12456 (27.4)12229 (26.9)0.091
Prior sternotomy2610 (5.7)2843 (6.2)0.07
Chronic pulmonary disease14165 (31.1)14051 (30.9)0.404
Chronic renal failure9595 (21.1)9751 (21.4)0.192
Anemia13623 (29.9)13690 (30.1)0.634
Chronic alcohol use29054 (63.8)29060 (63.9)0.972
Hypothyroidism4456 (9.8)4603 (10.1)0.103
Peripheral vascular disease3420 (7.5)3463 (7.6)0.592
Smoking8264 (18.2)8405 (18.5)0.222
Coronary artery disease6893 (15.1)6898 (15.2)0.969
Hospital characteristic, n (%)
Teaching hospital22061 (48.5)22129 (48.6)0.567
Rural area41154 (90.4)41141 (90.4)0.893
Hospital bed-size0.253
Small6062 (13.3)5871 (12.9)
Medium11469 (25.2)11569 (25.4)
Large27973 (61.5)28064 (61.7)
Primary payer, n (%)0.052
Medicare/ Medicaid33277 (73.1)33138 (72.8)
Private including HMO8389 (18.4)8270 (18.2)
Self-pay2101 (4.6)2287 (5)
Table 3 In-hospital outcomes of propensity matched hepatic cirrhosis patients stratified by presence of atrial fibrillation among 2003-2014
Non-AF (n = 45504)AF (n = 45504)P value
Clinical outcome, n (%)
In-hospital death4697 (10.3)5755 (12.6)< 0.001
Gastrointestinal bleeding2329 (5.1)1995 (4.4)< 0.001
Blood transfusion10841 (23.8)10219 (22.5)< 0.001
Transient ischemic attack124 (0.3)134 (0.3)0.575
Clinical stroke496 (1.1)722 (1.6)< 0.001
Acute kidney injury11433 (25.1)12810 (28.2)< 0.001
Discharge status, n (%)< 0.001
Discharged home27646 (60.8)25705 (56.5)
Discharged SNF/NH/IC12242 (26.9)13114 (28.8)
Length of stay (mean ± SD, d)7 ± 88 ± 10< 0.001
Hospital cost (mean ± SD, $)16272 ± 2416620720 ± 33210< 0.001
Table 4 The prevalence of atrial fibrillation according to age and gender for in-patients with liver cirrhosis compared to the general in-patient population
Age (yr)GenderAF in liver cirrhosis (%)AF national estimate (%)
< 45Male1.701.76
Female0.900.88
46-65Male5.905.91
Female3.203.16
66-85Male20.0020.03
Female16.0015.99
> 86Male34.1034.18
Female33.5033.60