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Kim S, Jang H, Choi SJ, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Kwon M. Quantitative and Qualitative Differences of Action Verbal Fluency between Young and Older Adults. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2022; 50:585-591. [PMID: 35240660 DOI: 10.1159/000519070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Action verbal fluency (AVF) task, a word fluency test, involves language and executive function and is known to be sensitive to fronto-striatal degeneration. However, the ability may also decrease qualitatively as well as quantitatively in normal aging. The objective of this study is to investigate the age-related quantitative and qualitative differences in AVF of Korean adults. METHODS We analyzed data from 78 participants of 40 young (mean age = 28.9) and 38 older adults (mean age = 67.7). The correct responses in the AVF task were measured for quantitative analysis. Qualitatively, the mean number of arguments required by each verb was calculated for syntactic analysis. For semantic analysis, we subclassified verbs according to their characteristics (e.g., moment vs. non-moment verbs/active vs. non-active verbs) and calculated the ratio for comparison. The results of AVF were also compared to those of semantic/phonemic fluency and the Korean version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-K). RESULTS The older group showed quantitatively lower performance in AVF than the young group (p < 0.01). The result of the AVF task significantly correlated (p < 0.01) with both semantic/phonemic fluency and the MoCA-K. Also, the older group produced syntactically more simple verbs than the counterpart (p < 0.01). In the semantic analysis, the older group produced fewer moment verbs (p < 0.05) but more non-moment verbs (p < 0.05) than the young group. There was no difference in active or non-active verbs between two groups. CONCLUSION These results indicated that the ability of AVF declines with age not only quantitatively but also qualitatively in relation to their cognitive changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuna Jang
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sou Jin Choi
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ji Kim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Miseon Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Motives and Barriers Related to Physical Activity and Sport across Social Backgrounds: Implications for Health Promotion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115810. [PMID: 34071630 PMCID: PMC8198157 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies have found physical inactivity to be a significant health risk factor and have demonstrated how physical inactivity behaviour varies according to social background. As a result, differences according to social background must be considered when examining motives and barriers related to physical activity and sport. This scoping review examines motives and barriers related to physical activity and sport among people with different social backgrounds, including age, socioeconomic status, gender, ethnic minority background and disability status. A systematic literature search was performed in four scientific databases and yielded 2935 articles of which 58 articles met the inclusion criteria. We identified common motives for physical activity and sport as health benefits, well-being, enjoyment, social interaction, and social support; common barriers as time restrictions, fatigue and lack of energy, financial restrictions, health-related restrictions, low motivation, and shortage of facilities. We also identified several motives and barriers that were specific to or more pronounced among people with different social backgrounds. The knowledge about motives and barriers related to physical activity and sport provided in this article can inform health promotion initiatives that seek to improve public health both in general and when specifically targeting groups of people with different social backgrounds.
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Tong CE, McKay HA, Martin-Matthews A, Mahmood A, Sims-Gould J. "These Few Blocks, These Are My Village": The Physical Activity and Mobility of Foreign-Born Older Adults. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2020; 60:638-650. [PMID: 30794287 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The self-reported health of foreign-born older adults (FBOAs) is lower than that of nonimmigrant peers. Physical activity (PA) and mobility enhance health in older age, yet we know very little about the PA and mobility of FBOAs. In this analysis we sought to determine: (a) What factors facilitate PA amongst FBOAs? and (b) How do gender, culture, and personal biography affect participants' PA and mobility? RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We worked closely with community partners to conduct a mixed-method study in Vancouver, Canada. Eighteen visible minority FBOAs completed an in-depth interview in English, Cantonese, Mandarin, Punjabi, or Hindi. RESULTS Three dominant factors promote participants' PA and mobility: (a) participants walk for well-being and socialization; (b) participants have access to a supportive social environment, which includes culturally familiar and linguistically accessible shops and services; and (c) gender and personal biography, including work history and a desire for independence, affect their PA and mobility behaviors. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS We extend the Webber et al. mobility framework, with examples that further articulate the role of gender (e.g., domestic work), culture (cultural familiarity) and personal biography (work history and a desire for familial independence) (Webber, S. C., Porter, M. M., & Menec, V. H. (2010). Mobility in older adults: A comprehensive framework. The Gerontologist, 50, 443-450. doi:10.1093/geront/gnq013). Future programming to support the PA of FBOAs should be culturally familiar and linguistically accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Tong
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Canada
| | - Heather A McKay
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Canada.,Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine
| | | | - Atiya Mahmood
- Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joanie Sims-Gould
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia and Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Canada.,Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine
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Javadivala Z, Allahverdipour H, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Emami A. An Interventional strategy of physical activity promotion for reduction of menopause symptoms. Health Promot Perspect 2020; 10:383-392. [PMID: 33312934 PMCID: PMC7722991 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2020.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Physical activity (PA) programs are inexpensive, non-pharmaceutical and universally accessible options with demonstrated efficacy in reducing menopausal symptoms. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a behavioral strategy for initiating and sustaining PA with the hope to reduce or eliminate menopausal symptoms. Methods : Menopausal and perimenopausal women (n=190) were randomly assigned to intervention (n=95) and non-intervention (n=95) groups using a random-numbers table. The intervention group consisted of 18 neighborhood network subgroups, each consisting of five to six women known to one another. They participated in a 12-week regular PA program, augmented by eight interactive group education and discussion sessions. The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) self-report instrument was used to determine perceived severity of menopausal symptoms. Results: The intervention group showed a significant reduction in the frequency and severity of menopausal symptoms (P < 0.001). Those whose symptoms rated severe/very severe for hot flushes were reduced from 30.1% to 11.8%. Also, participants whose sleep problems and joint discomfort rated severe/very severe declined from 28% to 6.5% and joint discomfort rated severe or very severe was reduced from 52.7% to 4.4%, respectively. Conversely in the nonintervention group, hot flushes, sleep problems and joint problems got significantly worse(P < 0.05). Conclusion: Implementing educational program that increases awareness of PA benefits in combination with existing neighborhood networks that facilitate communication and cooperation may increase PA levels and decrease menopausal symptoms. Such networks offer alow-cost means of improving quality of life (QOL) for perimenopausal and menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Javadivala
- Department of Health Education & Promotion, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Allahverdipour
- Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Health Education & Promotion, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Azita Emami
- Dean, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Age-Friendly Communities and Cultural Pluralism: Examining Saskatoon’s Chinese-Canadian Social Enclave. Can J Aging 2020; 40:463-474. [DOI: 10.1017/s0714980820000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACTThis article uses findings from qualitative interviews to examine the experiences of members of Saskatoon’s Chinese-Canadian older-adult community in terms of their realities of aging and access to important geriatric resources. Promoting an understanding of both group experience and a broader conceptualization of age-friendly development, we argue that the notion and implications of a spatial ethnic enclave are replaced in the Saskatoon context by a social enclave. This network of social support is evident in Chinese-Canadian older adults’ access to housing, recreation, transportation, and health services. The article concludes with lessons learned that would help enhance culturally pluralistic age-friendly development. This work underlines the significance of social capital development within more marginalized older-adult communities, both as a reaction to outside discrimination, and as a means of ensuring healthy and inclusive community aging.
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Yarmohammadi S, Mozafar Saadati H, Ghaffari M, Ramezankhani A. A systematic review of barriers and motivators to physical activity in elderly adults in Iran and worldwide. Epidemiol Health 2019; 41:e2019049. [PMID: 31801319 PMCID: PMC6976727 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2019049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to identify and characterize the barriers and motivations to physical activity (PA) for elderly adults in Iran and other countries. METHODS We searched 6 databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Magiran, and the Scientific Information Database) from 2000 to the November 2017, using "aged 60 and over," "physical activity" or "exercise," and "motivator" and "barrier" as keywords. Two reviewers independently performed the search, screening, and quality assessment of the studies. RESULTS In total, 34 papers were finally included in the study. The most important barriers, based on the frequency of factors, included physical problems, having no companions, and physical barriers to walking. The motivators included improving one's physical condition, being social, and suitability of the physical environment. CONCLUSIONS Important motivators and barriers to PA were more closely related to intrapersonal factors than to the interpersonal and environmental domains. The barriers and motivators to PA in the elderly were not markedly different between Iran and other countries. Therefore, a general strategy could be designed to improve PA in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudabeh Yarmohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Department and Faculty of Health Education and Health Promotion, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Mozafar Saadati
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohtasham Ghaffari
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ramezankhani
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Environmental Factors Associated with Older Adult’s Walking Behaviors: A Systematic Review of Quantitative Studies. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11123253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to systematically review the relationship between neighborhood environments and all types of walking behaviors among older adults. Seventy peer-reviewed journal articles which met the selection criteria were examined. Research designs were summarized by geographical location and the associations of environmental characteristics and walking were calculated. Interactions between moderators and environmental characteristics for all types of walking were also categorized. Results have shown that transport walking is the most supported by neighborhood environmental characteristics. The positively related environmental characteristics are walkability, urbanization, land use mix-diversity and accessibility, walking amenities, and bicycle lanes. Total walking was positively associated with walkability and urbanization. Recreational walking was associated with neighborhood employment/income level, nearness to public transport/bus stops, and social cohesion. The most commonly used moderators were age and gender, but inconsistent moderating effects between neighborhood environments and walking were also found. In densely populated environments such as Hong Kong, older adults walked mostly for both transport and recreation. In contrast, American older adults in low density areas walked less for transport and more for recreation. Findings support a strong relationship between neighborhood environments and older adults’ walking. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies and comparison studies by geographic location.
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Physical Activity Among Foreign-Born Older Adults in Canada: A Mixed-Method Study Conducted in Five Languages. J Aging Phys Act 2018; 26:396-406. [DOI: 10.1123/japa.2017-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Foreign-born older adults (FBOAs) are at risk for negative health transitions in Canada. Physical activity (PA) enhances health, yet we know very little about the PA habits of FBOAs in Canada. We conducted a mixed-method study in English, Cantonese, Mandarin, Punjabi, and Hindi, with 49 South Asian and Chinese FBOAs in Vancouver, Canada. In total, 49 participants completed surveys; of these 49, 46 wore accelerometers and 18 completed in-depth interviews. Participants’ mean daily step count was 7,876 (women: 8,172, men: 7,164, Chinese: 8,291, and South Asian: 7,196). The bulk of their time is spent in light and sedentary activities. PA is principally acquired through walking for errands and work performed in and around the home. This study challenges the assumption that FBOAs are less active than their nonimmigrant peers and confirms the key role of “nonexercise” and low activity, rather than moderate to vigorous, in older adults’ PA acquisition.
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Barnett DW, Barnett A, Nathan A, Van Cauwenberg J, Cerin E, on behalf of the Council on Environment and Physical Activity (CEPA) – Older Adults working group. Built environmental correlates of older adults' total physical activity and walking: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:103. [PMID: 28784183 PMCID: PMC5547528 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0558-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying attributes of the built environment associated with health-enhancing levels of physical activity (PA) in older adults (≥65 years old) has the potential to inform interventions supporting healthy and active ageing. The aim of this study was to first systematically review and quantify findings on built environmental correlates of older adults' PA, and second, investigate differences by type of PA and environmental attribute measurement. METHODS One hundred articles from peer-reviewed and grey literature examining built environmental attributes related to total PA met inclusion criteria and relevant information was extracted. Findings were meta-analysed and weighted by article quality and sample size and then stratified by PA and environmental measurement method. Associations (p < .05) were found in relation to 26 individual built environmental attributes across six categories (walkability, residential density/urbanisation, street connectivity, access to/availability of destinations and services, infrastructure and streetscape, and safety) and total PA and walking specifically. Reported individual- and environmental-level moderators were also examined. RESULTS Positive environmental correlates of PA, ranked by strength of evidence, were: walkability (p < .001), safety from crime (p < .001), overall access to destinations and services (p < .001), recreational facilities (p < .001), parks/public open space (p = .002) and shops/commercial destinations (p = .006), greenery and aesthetically pleasing scenery (p = .004), walk-friendly infrastructure (p = .009), and access to public transport (p = .016). There were 26 individual differences in the number of significant associations when the type of PA and environmental measurement method was considered. No consistent moderating effects on the association between built environmental attributes and PA were found. CONCLUSIONS Safe, walkable, and aesthetically pleasing neighbourhoods, with access to overall and specific destinations and services positively influenced older adults' PA participation. However, when considering the environmental attributes that were sufficiently studied (i.e., in ≥5 separate findings), the strength of evidence of associations of specific categories of environment attributes with PA differed across PA and environmental measurement types. Future research should be mindful of these differences in findings and identify the underlying mechanisms. Higher quality research is also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Barnett
- Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Level 6, 215 Spring Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Anthony Barnett
- Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Level 6, 215 Spring Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Andrea Nathan
- Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Level 6, 215 Spring Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Jelle Van Cauwenberg
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Research Foundation Flanders, Egmontstraat 5, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ester Cerin
- Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Level 6, 215 Spring Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region China
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
| | - on behalf of the Council on Environment and Physical Activity (CEPA) – Older Adults working group
- Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Level 6, 215 Spring Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Research Foundation Flanders, Egmontstraat 5, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region China
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
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Barnett DW, Barnett A, Nathan A, Van Cauwenberg J, Cerin E. Built environmental correlates of older adults' total physical activity and walking: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017. [PMID: 28784183 DOI: 10.1186/sl2966-017-0558-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying attributes of the built environment associated with health-enhancing levels of physical activity (PA) in older adults (≥65 years old) has the potential to inform interventions supporting healthy and active ageing. The aim of this study was to first systematically review and quantify findings on built environmental correlates of older adults' PA, and second, investigate differences by type of PA and environmental attribute measurement. METHODS One hundred articles from peer-reviewed and grey literature examining built environmental attributes related to total PA met inclusion criteria and relevant information was extracted. Findings were meta-analysed and weighted by article quality and sample size and then stratified by PA and environmental measurement method. Associations (p < .05) were found in relation to 26 individual built environmental attributes across six categories (walkability, residential density/urbanisation, street connectivity, access to/availability of destinations and services, infrastructure and streetscape, and safety) and total PA and walking specifically. Reported individual- and environmental-level moderators were also examined. RESULTS Positive environmental correlates of PA, ranked by strength of evidence, were: walkability (p < .001), safety from crime (p < .001), overall access to destinations and services (p < .001), recreational facilities (p < .001), parks/public open space (p = .002) and shops/commercial destinations (p = .006), greenery and aesthetically pleasing scenery (p = .004), walk-friendly infrastructure (p = .009), and access to public transport (p = .016). There were 26 individual differences in the number of significant associations when the type of PA and environmental measurement method was considered. No consistent moderating effects on the association between built environmental attributes and PA were found. CONCLUSIONS Safe, walkable, and aesthetically pleasing neighbourhoods, with access to overall and specific destinations and services positively influenced older adults' PA participation. However, when considering the environmental attributes that were sufficiently studied (i.e., in ≥5 separate findings), the strength of evidence of associations of specific categories of environment attributes with PA differed across PA and environmental measurement types. Future research should be mindful of these differences in findings and identify the underlying mechanisms. Higher quality research is also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Barnett
- Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Level 6, 215 Spring Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Anthony Barnett
- Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Level 6, 215 Spring Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Andrea Nathan
- Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Level 6, 215 Spring Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Jelle Van Cauwenberg
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Research Foundation Flanders, Egmontstraat 5, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ester Cerin
- Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Level 6, 215 Spring Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China.
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
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Sawyer A, Ucci M, Jones R, Smith L, Fisher A. Simultaneous evaluation of physical and social environmental correlates of physical activity in adults: A systematic review. SSM Popul Health 2017; 3:506-515. [PMID: 29349241 PMCID: PMC5769071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ecological models of physical activity posit that social and physical environmental features exert independent and interactive influences on physical activity, but previous research has focussed on independent influences. This systematic review aimed to synthesise the literature investigating how features of neighbourhood physical and social environments are associated with physical activity when both levels of influence are simultaneously considered, and to assess progress in the exploration of interactive effects of social and physical environmental correlates on physical activity. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in February 2016. Articles were included if they used an adult (≥15 years) sample, simultaneously considered at least one physical and one social environmental characteristic in a single statistical model, used self-reported or objectively-measured physical activity as a primary outcome, reported findings from quantitative, observational analyses and were published in a peer-reviewed journal. Combined measures including social and physical environment items were excluded as they didn’t permit investigation of independent and interactive social and physical effects. Forty-six studies were identified. Results An inconsistent evidence base for independent environmental correlates of physical activity was revealed, with some support for specific physical and social environment correlates. Most studies found significant associations between physical activity and both physical and social environmental variables. There was preliminary evidence that physical and social environmental variables had interactive effects on activity, although only 4 studies examined interactive effects. Conclusions Inconsistent evidence of independent associations between environmental variables and physical activity could be partly due to unmeasured effect modification (e.g. interactive effects) creating unaccounted variance in relationships between the environment and activity. Results supported multiple levels of environmental influence on physical activity. It is recommended that further research uses simultaneous or interaction analyses to gain insight into complex relationships between neighbourhood social and physical environments and physical activity, as there is currently limited research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Sawyer
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Marcella Ucci
- UCL Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, The Bartlett Faculty of the Built Environment, Central House, University College London, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, UK
| | - Russell Jones
- Glasgow Centre for Population Health, The Olympia Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Dept. of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, UK
| | - Abi Fisher
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Hartley L, Fleay C, Tye ME. Exploring physical activity engagement and barriers for asylum seekers in Australia coping with prolonged uncertainty and no right to work. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2017; 25:1190-1198. [PMID: 28138985 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores the engagement in physical activity as a potential coping strategy for asylum seekers living in the Australian community without the right to work and with prolonged uncertainty, and benefits or barriers to undertaking such activity. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were held with 29 asylum seekers who had arrived to Australia by boat and were living in the community in the cities of Perth, Sydney or Melbourne in July-October 2013 after their release from immigration detention. The ratio of the numbers of men and women interviewed (23 men and 6 women) was comparable to the ratio of men and women who came by boat to Australia seeking asylum in 2012-2013. Nine participants reported that they participated in physical activity as a coping strategy. Seven other participants were so worried about their future and their families that they did not have the mental or physical energy to engage in physical activity. A further six wanted to participate in physical activity but faced a number of barriers to doing so. The seven remaining participants were either not asked about their physical activity engagement because they focused their discussion on other challenges or did not elaborate on why they were not engaging in physical activity. The findings suggest that physical activity, coupled with other coping strategies, are important for some asylum seekers in trying to manage the distress of being denied the right to work and living with prolonged uncertainty. In addition, these findings highlight the critical barrier that government policy plays in disabling engagement in physical activity, which further compounds social exclusion. This includes the lack of welfare support provided, which hinders people's financial ability to access activities and support in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hartley
- Centre for Human Rights Education, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Caroline Fleay
- Centre for Human Rights Education, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Marian E Tye
- Centre for Sport and Recreation Research, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Using the Social Determinants of Health as a Framework to Examine and Address Predictors of Depression in Later Life. AGEING INTERNATIONAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12126-017-9278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Han BH, Sadarangani T, Wyatt LC, Zanowiak JM, Kwon SC, Trinh-Shevrin C, Lee L, Islam NS. Correlates of Physical Activity Among Middle-Aged and Older Korean Americans at Risk for Diabetes. J Nurs Scholarsh 2015; 48:48-57. [PMID: 26641597 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore correlates of meeting recommended physical activity (PA) goals among middle-aged and older Korean Americans at risk for diabetes mellitus (DM). DESIGN AND METHODS PA patterns and their correlates were assessed among 292 middle-aged and older Korean Americans at risk for DM living in New York City using cross-sectional design of baseline information from a diabetes prevention intervention. PA was assessed by self-report of moderate and vigorous activity, results were stratified by age group (45-64 and 65-75 years), and bivariate analyses compared individuals performing less than sufficient PA and individuals performing sufficient PA. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios predicting sufficient PA. FINDINGS After adjusting for sex, age group, years lived in the United States, marital status, health insurance, and body mass index (BMI), sufficient PA was associated with male sex, older age, lower BMI, eating vegetables daily, and many PA-specific questions (lack of barriers, confidence, and engagement). When stratified by age group, male sex and eating vegetables daily was no longer significant among Koreans 65 to 75 years of age, and BMI was not significant for either age group. CONCLUSIONS PA interventions targeting this population may be beneficial and should consider the roles of sex, age, physical and social environment, motivation, and self-efficacy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinical providers should understand the unique motivations for PA among Korean Americans and recognize the importance of culturally driven strategies to enable lifestyle changes and support successful aging for diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Han
- Instructor, NYU School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Palliative Care, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tina Sadarangani
- Upsilon, Doctoral Candidate, New York University College of Nursing, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura C Wyatt
- Research Data Manager, NYU School of Medicine's Center for Health Equity, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer M Zanowiak
- Senior Research Coordinator, NYU School of Medicine's Center for Health Equity, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simona C Kwon
- Assistant Professor, Departments of Population Health and Medicine at the NYU School of Medicine and the NYU Global Institute of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chau Trinh-Shevrin
- Associate Professor, Departments of Population Health and Medicine in the NYU University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Linda Lee
- Executive Director of Korean Community Services of Metropolitan New York, Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nadia S Islam
- Assistant Professor in the Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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15
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O'Driscoll T, Banting LK, Borkoles E, Eime R, Polman R. A systematic literature review of sport and physical activity participation in culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) migrant populations. J Immigr Minor Health 2015; 16:515-30. [PMID: 23771744 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-013-9857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) migrants face significant health risks as they adapt to new cultures. These risks are exacerbated by their limited participation in preventative behaviours such as sports and physical activity. The review aimed to identify studies that examined the correlates of sport and physical activity participation in migrants. The systematic review identified 72 papers, including 6 interventions, 18 qualitative and 48 quantitative studies. The 44 identified correlates highlight the complexities involved in working with migrants. The correlates were grouped in four themes using the social ecological model; acculturation, demographic, psychosocial and environmental/organisational. The social ecological model identified general correlates such as social support and safety. However, there were unique correlates relating to individuals who are facing cultural changes such as acculturation and language. Overall, there is a lack of contextualisation of CALD migrants' sport and physical activity experiences because many studies fail to consider acculturation comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Téa O'Driscoll
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,
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16
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McGuire AM, Anderson DJ, Fulbrook P. Perceived barriers to healthy lifestyle activities in midlife and older Australian women with type 2 diabetes. Collegian 2015; 21:301-10. [PMID: 25632727 DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in midlife and older Australian women with known modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes including smoking, nutrition, physical activity and obesity. In Australia little research has been done to investigate the perceived barriers to healthy lifestyle activities in midlife and older women with type 2 diabetes. AIMS The primary aim of this study was to explore the level and type of perceived barriers to health promotion activities. The secondary aim was to explore the relationship of perceived barriers to smoking behaviour, fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity, and body mass index. METHODS The study was a cross sectional survey of women, aged over 45 with type 2 diabetes, recruited from four metropolitan community health clinics (n = 41). Data were collected from self-report questionnaires and analysed using quantitative methods. RESULTS Women in the study had average total barriers scores similar to those reported in the literature for women with a range of physical disabilities and illnesses. The leading barriers for this group of women were: lack of interest, concern about safety, too tired, lack of money and feeling what they do does not help. There was no association between total barriers scores and body mass index, physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake or socio-demographic variables. CONCLUSION This study contributes to understanding the perceptions of midlife and older women with type 2 diabetes about the level and type of barriers to healthy lifestyle activities that they experience. The participants reported a high level perceived barriers with a range of personal, social and environmental issues identified and described. This study suggests that health promo- tion education and interventions for risk factor reduction in women with type 2 diabetes may be enhanced by explicitly addressing perceived barriers to healthy lifestyle activities.
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17
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Abstract
ABSTRACTResearch shows that contact with nature plays a vital role in our psychological wellbeing. Domestic gardening is common among older adults who spend more leisure hours gardening than any other age group. Despite this, few studies have systematically explored the significance of domestic gardens in relation to older adults' health and wellbeing. This study examined the perceived therapeutic benefits of gardening, and the effect of ageing in relation to older gardeners' continued participation in gardening, using quantitative and qualitative data from a survey of Australian older adult gardeners (N=331). The quantitative data, which included frequencies, were analysed using the PASW Statistics 18.0 package. The qualitative data, which included participants' responses to open questions, were analysed by deriving themes via Leximancer, an innovative text analytics software that uses word association information to elicit concepts, extracting the most important and grouping these according to themes. In relation to the reasons for gardening, several themes were identified including valuing the aesthetics of gardens, connecting with nature, achievement, and physical and mental activity. The benefits of gardening, and the variety of ways that respondents had adapted or modified their gardening activities in order to continue, are also reported. Gardening was more than a casual leisure pursuit for these participants, who saw it as critical to their physical and psychological wellbeing.
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18
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Abstract
ABSTRACTThis paper explores the evidence for environmental influences on older adult health and activity participation, identifies current knowledge gaps and limitations within this literature, and offers recommendations for future research via a systematic appraisal of 83 quantitative and qualitative studies. A Cochrane-type review procedure was followed, which incorporated structured database searches, inclusion and exclusion criteria, quality appraisal of included studies, and peer review. The review findings identify support for both personal and environmental influences on health and activity participation in later life. Reported personal influences include ethnicity and cultural norms, energy and motivation, sex, age, education, genetic heritage, self-efficacy, and personal financial circumstances. Reported environmental influences on activity participation include climate, level of pollution, street lighting, traffic conditions, accessibility and appropriateness of services and facilities, socio-economic conditions, aesthetics, pedestrian infrastructure, community life, exposure to antisocial behaviour, social network participation, environmental degradation, level of urbanism, exposure to natural settings, familiarity with local environment and others. Recommendations for future research include the need for innovative research methods; involvement of older adults as research collaborators; investigation of wider aspects of the active ageing concept; in-depth assessment of the environmental characteristics of areas; investigation of the pathways leading from environment to health and activity participation; and more theoretically informed research or increased contribution of research to theory development.
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19
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Dassanayake J, Dharmage SC, Gurrin L, Sundararajan V, Payne WR. Are Australian immigrants at a risk of being physically inactive? Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2011; 8:53. [PMID: 21627847 PMCID: PMC3125240 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-8-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We examined whether physical activity risk differed between migrant sub-groups and the Australian-born population. Methods Data were drawn from the Australian National Health Survey (2001) and each resident's country of birth was classified into one of 13 regions. Data were gathered on each resident's physical activity level in the fortnight preceding the survey. Multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for potential confounders examined the risk of physical inactivity of participants from each of the 13 regions compared to the Australian-born population. Results There was a greater prevalence of physical inactivity for female immigrants from most regions compared to male immigrants from a like region. Immigrants from South East Asia (OR 2.04% 95% CI 1.63, 2.56), Other Asia (OR 1.53 95% CI 1.10, 2.13), Other Oceania (1.81 95% CI 1.11, 2.95), the Middle East (OR 1.42 95% CI 0.97, 2.06 [note: border line significance]) and Southern & Eastern Europe are at a significantly higher risk of being physically inactive compared to those born in Australian. In contrast, immigrants from New Zealand (OR 0.77 95% CI 0.62, 0.94), the UK & Ireland (OR 0.82 95% CI 0.73, 0.92), and other Africa (OR 0.69 95% CI 0.51, 0.94) are at a significantly lower risk of being physically inactive compared to the Australian born population. Conclusion Future research identifying potential barriers and facilitators to participation in physical activity will inform culturally sensitive physical activity programs that aim to encourage members of specific regional ethnic sub-groups to undertake physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayantha Dassanayake
- Center for Molecular, Environment, Genetic and Analytical Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Australia
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20
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Physical activity among 60–69-year-olds in England: knowledge, perception, behaviour and risk factors. AGEING & SOCIETY 2010. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x10000486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThis paper examines the risk factors that influence physical activity levels among a representative sample of older people in England and their awareness of the Chief Medical Officer's recommended level of physical activity. The paper analyses data from the cross-sectional, nationally-representative Health Surveys for England (HSfE) in 2006 and 2007. In HSfE2006, 1,550 adults aged 60–69 years responded to a physical activity participation questionnaire, and in HSfE2007, 561 adults aged 60–64 years were asked about their knowledge of the physical activity requirement and their attitudes to participation. Very few respondents knew the recommended physical activity target, but more than one-half thought they had enough physical activity in their daily life, and over three-quarters thought they were ‘very’ or ‘fairly’ physically active compared with age peers. The perceived barriers to physical activity included work commitments, lack of leisure time and poor health. It was found that obesity, not being in work and having a limiting long-term illness associated with a lower likelihood of physical activity. Participation in sports and exercise, walking, heavy housework and gardening were all lower in non-working than working adults. Older adults had unrealistic views of their activity levels, and of work and lack of time as barriers to physical activity. It is concluded that more attention needs to be paid to health promotion and education among the over-sixties, especially those not in paid work.
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