Reference Citation Analysis: Find an Article, Find a Category, Find a Journal, Find a Scholar

For:	Franz MR. Mechano-electrical feedback. Cardiovasc Res 2000;45:263-6. [PMID: 10728344 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6363(99)00390-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open

Number

Cited by Other Article(s)

Fiore G, Rizza V, Ingallina G, Ancona F, Stella S, Biondi F, Cunsolo P, Gaspardone C, Romagnolo D, Tavernese A, Belli M, Margonato D, Palmisano A, Esposito A, Maisano F, Faletra FF, Agricola E. Prevalence of Diastolic and Systolic Mitral Annular Disjunction in Patients With Mitral Valve Prolapse. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2025;38:1-11. [PMID: 39442734 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2024.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]

Abstract

BACKGROUNDS

Mitral annular disjunction (MAD) is commonly evaluated at end systole. However, a systolic-only disjunction is merely apparent, and 2 distinct phenotypes have been identified: True-MAD (atrial displacement of the posterior leaflet in diastole and systole) and Pseudo-MAD (apparent displacement in systole only). The prevalence of True-MAD and Pseudo-MAD in mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is not known. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of True-MAD and Pseudo-MAD in myxomatous MVP patients by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and to validate TTE compared to cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR; reference standards).

METHODS

Consecutive patients who underwent TTE for MVP were included. Mitral annular phenotype was evaluated in the TTE parasternal long-axis view. Accuracy (against CMR) and intra-/interrater reliability of TTE were also assessed.

RESULTS

Six hundred three consecutive patients were included. The prevalence of True-MAD and Pseudo-MAD was 7% (42) and 37% (221) (P < .05), respectively. Accordingly, 221 of 263 (84%) patients classically classified as "MAD" would have been reclassified as Pseudo-MAD. Pseudo-MAD prevalence and systolic length increased with higher mitral regurgitation (MR) severity (23% for mild MR, 36% for moderate MR, 44% for severe MR [P < .05]; 6 ± 2 mm for mild MR; 8 ± 2 mm for moderate MR; 10 ± 2 mm for severe MR [P < .05]), while True-MAD prevalence was consistent across MR grades. Pseudo-MAD was linked to systolic curling and Pickelhaube. Transthoracic echocardiography showed an overall accuracy of 0.89 (Cohen k 0.80), a substantial interrater agreement of 0.87 (k = 0.76), and an almost perfect intrarater agreement of 0.93 (k = 0.85).

CONCLUSIONS

True-MAD, unlike Pseudo-MAD, is rare in patients with MVP. Pseudo-MAD is associated with the grade of MR and other echocardiographic features of advanced myxomatous degeneration. Transthoracic echocardiography is an accurate and reliable first-line method to assess mitral annulus morphology in MVP.

Collapse

Cameron JN, Kadhim KI, Kamsani SH, Han HC, Farouque O, Sanders P, Lim HS. Arrhythmogenic Mitral Valve Prolapse: Can We Risk Stratify and Prevent Sudden Cardiac Death? Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev 2024;13:e11. [PMID: 39145277 PMCID: PMC11322952 DOI: 10.15420/aer.2023.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open

Akyea RK, Figliozzi S, Lopes PM, Bauer KB, Moura-Ferreira S, Tondi L, Mushtaq S, Censi S, Pavon AG, Bassi I, Galian-Gay L, Teske AJ, Biondi F, Filomena D, Stylianidis V, Torlasco C, Muraru D, Monney P, Quattrocchi G, Maestrini V, Agati L, Monti L, Pedrotti P, Vandenberk B, Squeri A, Lombardi M, Ferreira AM, Schwitter J, Aquaro GD, Pontone G, Chiribiri A, Rodríguez Palomares JF, Yilmaz A, Andreini D, Florian AR, Francone M, Leiner T, Abecasis J, Badano LP, Bogaert J, Georgiopoulos G, Masci PG. Arrhythmic Mitral Valve Prolapse Phenotype: An Unsupervised Machine Learning Analysis Using a Multicenter Cardiac MRI Registry. Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging 2024;6:e230247. [PMID: 38900026 PMCID: PMC11211946 DOI: 10.1148/ryct.230247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]

Abstract

Purpose To use unsupervised machine learning to identify phenotypic clusters with increased risk of arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse (MVP). Materials and Methods This retrospective study included patients with MVP without hemodynamically significant mitral regurgitation or left ventricular (LV) dysfunction undergoing late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiac MRI between October 2007 and June 2020 in 15 European tertiary centers. The study end point was a composite of sustained ventricular tachycardia, (aborted) sudden cardiac death, or unexplained syncope. Unsupervised data-driven hierarchical k-mean algorithm was utilized to identify phenotypic clusters. The association between clusters and the study end point was assessed by Cox proportional hazards model. Results A total of 474 patients (mean age, 47 years ± 16 [SD]; 244 female, 230 male) with two phenotypic clusters were identified. Patients in cluster 2 (199 of 474, 42%) had more severe mitral valve degeneration (ie, bileaflet MVP and leaflet displacement), left and right heart chamber remodeling, and myocardial fibrosis as assessed with LGE cardiac MRI than those in cluster 1. Demographic and clinical features (ie, symptoms, arrhythmias at Holter monitoring) had negligible contribution in differentiating the two clusters. Compared with cluster 1, the risk of developing the study end point over a median follow-up of 39 months was significantly higher in cluster 2 patients (hazard ratio: 3.79 [95% CI: 1.19, 12.12], P = .02) after adjustment for LGE extent. Conclusion Among patients with MVP without significant mitral regurgitation or LV dysfunction, unsupervised machine learning enabled the identification of two phenotypic clusters with distinct arrhythmic outcomes based primarily on cardiac MRI features. These results encourage the use of in-depth imaging-based phenotyping for implementing arrhythmic risk prediction in MVP. Keywords: MR Imaging, Cardiac, Cardiac MRI, Mitral Valve Prolapse, Cluster Analysis, Ventricular Arrhythmia, Sudden Cardiac Death, Unsupervised Machine Learning Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2024.

Collapse

Affiliation(s)

Ralph Kwame Akyea
Stefano Figliozzi
Pedro M. Lopes From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Klemens B. Bauer From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Sara Moura-Ferreira From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Lara Tondi From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Saima Mushtaq From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Stefano Censi From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Anna Giulia Pavon From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Ilaria Bassi From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Laura Galian-Gay From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Arco J. Teske From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Federico Biondi From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Domenico Filomena From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Vasileios Stylianidis From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Camilla Torlasco From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Denisa Muraru From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Pierre Monney From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Giuseppina Quattrocchi From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Viviana Maestrini From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Luciano Agati From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Lorenzo Monti From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Patrizia Pedrotti From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Bert Vandenberk From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Angelo Squeri From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Massimo Lombardi From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
António M. Ferreira From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Juerg Schwitter From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Giovanni Donato Aquaro From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Gianluca Pontone From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Amedeo Chiribiri From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
José F. Rodríguez Palomares From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Ali Yilmaz From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Daniele Andreini From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Anca-Rezeda Florian From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Marco Francone From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Tim Leiner From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
João Abecasis From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Luigi Paolo Badano From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Jan Bogaert From the Primary Care Stratified Medicine Research Group, Centre for Academic Primary Care, Lifespan and Population Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England (R.K.A.); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy (S.F., L.M., M.F.); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences–Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (S.F., V.S., A.C., G.G., P.G.M.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Lisbon, Portugal (P.M.L., A.M.F., J.A.); Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany (K.B.B., A.Y., A.R.F.); Department of Cardiology, Hartcentrum, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (S.M.F.); Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy (L.T., M.L.); Department of Radiology, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (L.T.); Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (S.M., G.P.); GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy (S.C., A.S.); Center for Cardiac MR, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (A.G.P., P.M., J.S.); Cardiologia-4, Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare A. De Gasperis, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy (I.B., G.Q., P.P.); Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain (L.G.G., J.F.R.P.); Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.J.T., T.L.); Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.B., C.D.A.); Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (D.F., V.M., L.A.); Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (C.T., D.M., L.P.B.); Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (D.M., L.P.B.); Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (P.M., J.S.); Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium (B.V., J.B.); Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences (G.P.) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section (D.A.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (G.G.)
Georgios Georgiopoulos
Pier-Giorgio Masci

Collapse

Compagnucci P, Selimi A, Cipolletta L, Volpato G, Gasperetti A, Valeri Y, Parisi Q, Curcio A, Natale A, Dello Russo A, Casella M. Arrhythmic Mitral Valve Prolapse and Sports Activity: Pathophysiology, Risk Stratification, and Sports Eligibility Assessment. J Clin Med 2024;13:1350. [PMID: 38592178 PMCID: PMC10932446 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open

Affiliation(s)

Paolo Compagnucci Cardiology and Arrhythmology Clinic, Marche University Hospital, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (A.S.); (L.C.); (G.V.); (Y.V.); (Q.P.); (A.D.R.)
Adelina Selimi Cardiology and Arrhythmology Clinic, Marche University Hospital, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (A.S.); (L.C.); (G.V.); (Y.V.); (Q.P.); (A.D.R.) Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, 60121 Ancona, Italy;
Laura Cipolletta Cardiology and Arrhythmology Clinic, Marche University Hospital, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (A.S.); (L.C.); (G.V.); (Y.V.); (Q.P.); (A.D.R.)
Giovanni Volpato Cardiology and Arrhythmology Clinic, Marche University Hospital, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (A.S.); (L.C.); (G.V.); (Y.V.); (Q.P.); (A.D.R.) Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, 60121 Ancona, Italy;
Alessio Gasperetti Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, 60121 Ancona, Italy; Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Yari Valeri Cardiology and Arrhythmology Clinic, Marche University Hospital, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (A.S.); (L.C.); (G.V.); (Y.V.); (Q.P.); (A.D.R.) Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, 60121 Ancona, Italy;
Quintino Parisi Cardiology and Arrhythmology Clinic, Marche University Hospital, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (A.S.); (L.C.); (G.V.); (Y.V.); (Q.P.); (A.D.R.)
Antonio Curcio Division of Cardiology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
Andrea Natale Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, St David’s Medical Center, Austin, TX 78705, USA; Interventional Electrophysiology, Scripps Clinic, San Diego, CA 92037, USA Department of Internal Medicine, Metro Health Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
Antonio Dello Russo Cardiology and Arrhythmology Clinic, Marche University Hospital, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (A.S.); (L.C.); (G.V.); (Y.V.); (Q.P.); (A.D.R.) Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, 60121 Ancona, Italy;
Michela Casella Cardiology and Arrhythmology Clinic, Marche University Hospital, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (A.S.); (L.C.); (G.V.); (Y.V.); (Q.P.); (A.D.R.) Department of Medical, Special and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60121 Ancona, Italy

Collapse

Deng Y, Liu J, Wu S, Li X, Yu H, Tang L, Xie M, Zhang C. Arrhythmic Mitral Valve Prolapse: A Comprehensive Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023;13:2868. [PMID: 37761235 PMCID: PMC10528205 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13182868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open

Kappadan V, Sohi A, Parlitz U, Luther S, Uzelac I, Fenton F, Peters NS, Christoph J, Ng FS. Optical mapping of contracting hearts. J Physiol 2023;601:1353-1370. [PMID: 36866700 PMCID: PMC10952556 DOI: 10.1113/jp283683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open

Sabbag A, Essayagh B, Barrera JDR, Basso C, Berni A, Cosyns B, Deharo JC, Deneke T, Di Biase L, Enriquez-Sarano M, Donal E, Imai K, Lim HS, Marsan NA, Turagam MK, Peichl P, Po SS, Haugaa KH. EHRA expert consensus statement on arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse and mitral annular disjunction complex in collaboration with the ESC Council on valvular heart disease and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging endorsed cby the Heart Rhythm Society, by the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society, and by the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society. Europace 2022;24:1981-2003. [PMID: 35951656 PMCID: PMC11636573 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open

Affiliation(s)

Avi Sabbag The Davidai Center for Rhythm Disturbances and Pacing, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
Benjamin Essayagh Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Simone Veil Hospital, Cannes 06400, France Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester 55905, Minnesota
Juan David Ramírez Barrera Cardiologist Electrophysiologist, Cardiovid Clinic, Medellin, Colombia 050034, South America
Cristina Basso Dipartimento di Scienze Cardio-Toraco-Vascolari e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
Ana Berni Cardiology and Cardiac Electrophysiology, EP Lab. Hospital Angeles Pedregal. Mexico City 10700, Board member, Mexican Society of Cardiology
Bernard Cosyns Cardiology Department, Centrum voor hart en vaatziekten, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Free University of Brussels, Brussels 1090, Belgium
Jean-Claude Deharo Department of Cardiology, L’hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, 13005, France
Thomas Deneke Clinic for Interventional Electrophysiology, Heart Center RHÖN-KLINIKUM Campus Bad Neustadt, 97616, Germany
Luigi Di Biase Albert Einstein College of Medicine at Montefiore Hospital, New York, NY 10467, USA
Maurice Enriquez-Sarano Minneapolis Heart Institute, Minneapolis, MN 55407, USA
Erwan Donal Service de Cardiologie, CCP-CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes 35033, France
Katsuhiko Imai Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Hiroshima 737-0023, Japan
Han S Lim Department of Cardiology, Austin and Northern Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
Nina Ajmone Marsan Leiden University Medical Center, Cardiology, Leiden 2333, Netherlands
Mohit K Turagam Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
Petr Peichl Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague 73117, Czech Republic
Sunny S Po Heart Rhythm Institute and Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 0372, USA
Kristina Hermann Haugaa ProCardio Center for Innovation, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway

Collapse

Al-Seykal I, Bose A, Chevli PA, Hashmath Z, Sharma N, Mishra AK, Laidlaw D. Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in cryoballoon ablation outcomes for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. World J Cardiol 2022;14:537-545. [PMID: 36339889 PMCID: PMC9627355 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v14.i10.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Cryoballoon ablation (CBA) is recommended for patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) refractory to antiarrhythmic drugs. However, only 80% of patients benefit from initial CBA. There is growing evidence that pretreatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) decreases the recurrence of AF postablation, particularly in nonparoxysmal AF undergoing radiofrequency ablation. The role of ACEIs and ARBs in patients with paroxysmal AF in CBA remains unknown. We decided to investigate the role of ACEIs and ARBs in preventing the recurrence of atrial arrhythmia (AA) following CBA for paroxysmal AF.

AIM

To investigate the role of ACEIs and ARBs in preventing recurrence of AA following CBA for paroxysmal AF.

METHODS

We followed 103 patients (age 60.6 ± 9.1 years, 29% women) with paroxysmal AF undergoing CBA 1-year post procedure. Recurrence was assessed by documented AA on electrocardiogram or any form of long-term cardiac rhythm monitoring. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess if ACEI or ARB treatment predicted the risk of AA recurrence.

RESULTS

After a 1-year follow-up, 19 (18.4%) participants developed recurrence of AA. Use of ACEI or ARB therapy was noted in the study population. Patients on ACEI/ARB had a greater prevalence of hypertension and coronary artery disease. On a multivariate model adjusted for baseline demographics and risk factors for AF, ACEI or ARB therapy did not prevent recurrence of AA following CBA (P = 0.72). Similarly, on Kaplan-Meier analysis pretreatment with ACEI/ARB did not predict the time to first recurrence of AA (P = 0.2173).

CONCLUSION

In our study population, preablation treatment with an ACEI or ARB had no influence on the recurrence of AA following CBA for paroxysmal AF.

Collapse

Cowan LM, Strege PR, Rusinova R, Andersen OS, Farrugia G, Beyder A. Capsaicin as an amphipathic modulator of Na_V1.5 mechanosensitivity. Channels (Austin) 2022;16:9-26. [PMID: 35412435 PMCID: PMC9009938 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2022.2026015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open

Abstract

SCN5A-encoded Na_V1.5 is a voltage-gated Na⁺ channel that drives the electrical excitability of cardiac myocytes and contributes to slow waves of the human gastrointestinal smooth muscle cells. Na_V1.5 is mechanosensitive: mechanical force modulates several facets of Na_V1.5’s voltage-gated function, and some Na_V1.5 channelopathies are associated with abnormal Na_V1.5 mechanosensitivity (MS). A class of membrane-active drugs, known as amphiphiles, therapeutically target Na_V1.5’s voltage-gated function and produce off-target effects including alteration of MS. Amphiphiles may provide a novel option for therapeutic modulation of Na_V1.5’s mechanosensitive operation. To more selectively target Na_V1.5 MS, we searched for a membrane-partitioning amphipathic agent that would inhibit MS with minimal closed-state inhibition of voltage-gated currents. Among the amphiphiles tested, we selected capsaicin for further study. We used two methods to assess the effects of capsaicin on Na_V1.5 MS: (1) membrane suction in cell-attached macroscopic patches and (2) fluid shear stress on whole cells. We tested the effect of capsaicin on Na_V1.5 MS by examining macro-patch and whole-cell Na⁺ current parameters with and without force. Capsaicin abolished the pressure- and shear-mediated peak current increase and acceleration; and the mechanosensitive shifts in the voltage-dependence of activation (shear) and inactivation (pressure and shear). Exploring the recovery from inactivation and use-dependent entry into inactivation, we found divergent stimulus-dependent effects that could potentiate or mitigate the effect of capsaicin, suggesting that mechanical stimuli may differentially modulate Na_V1.5 MS. We conclude that selective modulation of Na_V1.5 MS makes capsaicin a promising candidate for therapeutic interventions targeting MS.

Collapse

Arrhythmic Mitral Valve Prolapse: Introducing an Era of Multimodality Imaging-Based Diagnosis and Risk Stratification. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021;11:diagnostics11030467. [PMID: 33800155 PMCID: PMC7999774 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open

Varotto L, Bregolin G, Paccanaro M, De Boni A, Bonanno C, Perini F. Network meta-analysis on patent foramen ovale: is a stroke or atrial fibrillation worse? Neurol Sci 2021;42:101-109. [PMID: 33244742 PMCID: PMC7819966 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]

Marta Varela, Roy A, Lee J. A survey of pathways for mechano-electric coupling in the atria. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020;159:136-145. [PMID: 33053408 PMCID: PMC7848589 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]

Abstract

Mechano-electric coupling (MEC) in atrial tissue has received sparse investigation to date, despite the well-known association between chronic atrial dilation and atrial fibrillation (AF). Of note, no fewer than six different mechanisms pertaining to stretch-activated channels, cellular capacitance and geometric effects have been identified in the literature as potential players. In this mini review, we briefly survey each of these pathways to MEC. We then perform computational simulations using single cell and tissue models in presence of various stretch regimes and MEC pathways. This allows us to assess the relative significance of each pathway in determining action potential duration, conduction velocity and rotor stability. For chronic atrial stretch, we find that stretch-induced alterations in membrane capacitance decrease conduction velocity and increase action potential duration, in agreement with experimental findings. In the presence of time-dependent passive atrial stretch, stretch-activated channels play the largest role, leading to after-depolarizations and rotor hypermeandering. These findings suggest that physiological atrial stretches, such as passive stretch during the atrial reservoir phase, may play an important part in the mechanisms of atrial arrhythmogenesis.

•

Passive strains caused by ventricular contraction need to be considered when incorporating mechano-electro feedback in atrial electrophysiology models.

•

In chronic stretch, stretch-induced capacitance changes dominate.

•

Chronic stretch leads to an increase in action potential duration and a reduction in conduction velocity, consistent with experimental studies.

•

In the presence of passive stretch, stretch-activated channels can induce delayed after-depolarisations and lead to rotor hypermeandering.

•

Mechano-electro feedback is thus likely to have implications for the genesis and maintenance of atrial arrhythmias.

Collapse

Ahmad AA, Streiff ME, Hunter C, Sachse FB. Modulation of Calcium Transients in Cardiomyocytes by Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 6 Channels. Front Physiol 2020;11:44. [PMID: 32116757 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open

Abstract

Transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) channels are non-selective cation channels that are thought to underlie mechano-modulation of calcium signaling in cardiomyocytes. TRPC6 channels are involved in development of cardiac hypertrophy and related calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signaling. However, the exact location and roles of TRPC6 channels remain ill-defined in cardiomyocytes. We used an expression system based on neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) to investigate the location of TRPC6 channels and their role in calcium signaling. NRVMs isolated from 1- to 2-day-old animals were cultured and infected with an adenoviral vector to express enhanced-green fluorescent protein (eGFP) or TRPC6-eGFP. After 3 days, NRVMs were fixed, immunolabeled, and imaged with confocal and super-resolution microscopy to determine TRPC6 localization. Cytosolic calcium transients at 0.5 and 1 Hz pacing rates were recorded in NRVMs using indo-1, a ratio-metric calcium dye. Confocal and super-resolution microscopy suggested that TRPC6-eGFP localized to the sarcolemma. NRVMs infected with TRPC6-eGFP exhibited higher diastolic and systolic cytosolic calcium concentration as well as increased sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium load compared to eGFP infected cells. We applied a computer model comprising sarcolemmal TRPC6 current to explain our experimental findings. Altogether, our studies indicate that TRPC6 channels play a role in sarcolemmal and intracellular calcium signaling in cardiomyocytes. Our findings support the hypothesis that upregulation or activation of TRPC6 channels, e.g., in disease, leads to sustained elevation of the cytosolic calcium concentration, which is thought to activate calcineurin-NFAT signaling and cardiac hypertrophic remodeling. Also, our findings support the hypothesis that mechanosensitivity of TRPC6 channels modulates cytosolic calcium transients and SR calcium load.

Collapse

Blackwell JN, Walker M, Stafford P, Estrada S, Adabag S, Kwon Y. Sleep Apnea and Sudden Cardiac Death. Circ Rep 2019;1:568-574. [PMID: 32201748 PMCID: PMC7083593 DOI: 10.1253/circrep.cr-19-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open

Miller MA, Dukkipati SR, Turagam M, Liao SL, Adams DH, Reddy VY. Arrhythmic Mitral Valve Prolapse. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018;72:2904-2914. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]

Salama A, Abdullah A, Wahab A, Eigbire G, Hoefen R, Kouides R, Ritter N, Mieszczanska H, Alweis R. Is obstructive sleep apnea associated with ventricular tachycardia? A retrospective study from the National Inpatient Sample and a literature review on the pathogenesis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Clin Cardiol 2018;41:1543-1547. [PMID: 30294854 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open

McKILLOP MS, Miles WM. An Unusual Atrial Tachycardia in a Cardiac Transplant Patient. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2016;27:878-80. [PMID: 26756831 DOI: 10.1111/jce.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]

Pouliopoulos J, Chik WW, Kanthan A, Sivagangabalan G, Barry MA, Fahmy PN, Midekin C, Lu J, Kizana E, Thomas SP, Thiagalingam A, Kovoor P. Intramyocardial Adiposity After Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 2013;128:2296-308. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.002238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]

Affiliation(s)

Jim Pouliopoulos From the Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (J.P., W.W.B.C., G.S., M.A.B., P.N.A.F., C.M., J.L., E.K., S.P.T., A.T., P.K.); University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (W.W.B.C., A.K., G.S., P.N.A.F., E.K., S.P.T., A.T., P.K.); and Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, Australia (P.N.A.F., E.K.)
William W.B. Chik From the Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (J.P., W.W.B.C., G.S., M.A.B., P.N.A.F., C.M., J.L., E.K., S.P.T., A.T., P.K.); University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (W.W.B.C., A.K., G.S., P.N.A.F., E.K., S.P.T., A.T., P.K.); and Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, Australia (P.N.A.F., E.K.)
Ajita Kanthan From the Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (J.P., W.W.B.C., G.S., M.A.B., P.N.A.F., C.M., J.L., E.K., S.P.T., A.T., P.K.); University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (W.W.B.C., A.K., G.S., P.N.A.F., E.K., S.P.T., A.T., P.K.); and Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, Australia (P.N.A.F., E.K.)
Gopal Sivagangabalan From the Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (J.P., W.W.B.C., G.S., M.A.B., P.N.A.F., C.M., J.L., E.K., S.P.T., A.T., P.K.); University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (W.W.B.C., A.K., G.S., P.N.A.F., E.K., S.P.T., A.T., P.K.); and Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, Australia (P.N.A.F., E.K.)
Michael A. Barry From the Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (J.P., W.W.B.C., G.S., M.A.B., P.N.A.F., C.M., J.L., E.K., S.P.T., A.T., P.K.); University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (W.W.B.C., A.K., G.S., P.N.A.F., E.K., S.P.T., A.T., P.K.); and Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, Australia (P.N.A.F., E.K.)
Peter N.A. Fahmy From the Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (J.P., W.W.B.C., G.S., M.A.B., P.N.A.F., C.M., J.L., E.K., S.P.T., A.T., P.K.); University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (W.W.B.C., A.K., G.S., P.N.A.F., E.K., S.P.T., A.T., P.K.); and Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, Australia (P.N.A.F., E.K.)
Christine Midekin From the Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (J.P., W.W.B.C., G.S., M.A.B., P.N.A.F., C.M., J.L., E.K., S.P.T., A.T., P.K.); University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (W.W.B.C., A.K., G.S., P.N.A.F., E.K., S.P.T., A.T., P.K.); and Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, Australia (P.N.A.F., E.K.)
Juntang Lu From the Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (J.P., W.W.B.C., G.S., M.A.B., P.N.A.F., C.M., J.L., E.K., S.P.T., A.T., P.K.); University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (W.W.B.C., A.K., G.S., P.N.A.F., E.K., S.P.T., A.T., P.K.); and Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, Australia (P.N.A.F., E.K.)
Eddy Kizana From the Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (J.P., W.W.B.C., G.S., M.A.B., P.N.A.F., C.M., J.L., E.K., S.P.T., A.T., P.K.); University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (W.W.B.C., A.K., G.S., P.N.A.F., E.K., S.P.T., A.T., P.K.); and Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, Australia (P.N.A.F., E.K.)
Stuart P. Thomas From the Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (J.P., W.W.B.C., G.S., M.A.B., P.N.A.F., C.M., J.L., E.K., S.P.T., A.T., P.K.); University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (W.W.B.C., A.K., G.S., P.N.A.F., E.K., S.P.T., A.T., P.K.); and Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, Australia (P.N.A.F., E.K.)
Aravinda Thiagalingam From the Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (J.P., W.W.B.C., G.S., M.A.B., P.N.A.F., C.M., J.L., E.K., S.P.T., A.T., P.K.); University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (W.W.B.C., A.K., G.S., P.N.A.F., E.K., S.P.T., A.T., P.K.); and Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, Australia (P.N.A.F., E.K.)
Pramesh Kovoor From the Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia (J.P., W.W.B.C., G.S., M.A.B., P.N.A.F., C.M., J.L., E.K., S.P.T., A.T., P.K.); University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (W.W.B.C., A.K., G.S., P.N.A.F., E.K., S.P.T., A.T., P.K.); and Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, Australia (P.N.A.F., E.K.)

Collapse

De Mello WC. Mechanical stretch reduces the effect of angiotensin II on potassium current in cardiac ventricular cells of adult Sprague Dawley rats. On the role of AT1 receptors as mechanosensors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012;6:369-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]

Kubota T, Kawasaki M, Takasugi N, Imai H, Ishihara Y, Okubo M, Takahashi S, Sato H, Nishigaki K, Takemura G, Minatoguchi S. Left atrial pathological degeneration assessed by integrated backscatter transesophageal echocardiography as a predictor of progression to persistent atrial fibrillation: results from a prospective study of three-years follow-up. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2012;10:28. [PMID: 22747941 PMCID: PMC3416739 DOI: 10.1186/1476-7120-10-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open

Shklyar TF, Dinislamova OA, Safronov AP, Blyakhman FA. Effect of cytoskeletal elastic properties on the mechanoelectrical transduction in excitable cells. J Biomech 2012;45:1444-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]

Jarral OA, Saso S, Vecht JA, Harling L, Rao C, Ahmed K, Gatzoulis MA, Malik IS, Athanasiou T. Does patent foramen ovale closure have an anti-arrhythmic effect? A meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2011;153:4-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]

BETSUYAKU TETSUO, MUTO HARUTATSU, SUGIYAMA EITARO, MINOSHIMA AKIHO, SATO MINORU. False Tendon-Related Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2011;35:e341-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2011.03160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]

Shklyar TF, Safronov AP, Toropova OA, Pollack GH, Blyakhman FA. Mechanoelectric potentials in synthetic hydrogels: Possible relation to cytoskeleton. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350910060084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open

Crawford T. Left atrial diastolic dysfunction: a new complication after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation? Heart Rhythm 2011;8:1372-3. [PMID: 21402171 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2011.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]

Li Y, Yu T, Ristagno G, Chung SP, Bisera J, Quan W, Freeman G, Weil MH, Tang W. The optimal phasic relationship between synchronized shock and mechanical chest compressions. Resuscitation 2010;81:724-9. [PMID: 20346567 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]

Li Y, Wang H, Cho JH, Quan W, Freeman G, Bisera J, Weil MH, Tang W. Defibrillation delivered during the upstroke phase of manual chest compression improves shock success. Crit Care Med 2010;38:910-5. [PMID: 20042857 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181cc4944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

The current standard of manual chest compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation requires pauses for rhythm analysis and shock delivery. However, interruptions of chest compression greatly decrease the likelihood of successful defibrillations, and significantly better outcomes are reported if this interruption is avoided. We therefore undertook a prospective randomized controlled animal study in an electrically induced ventricular fibrillation pig model to assess the effects of timing of defibrillation on the manual chest compression cycle on the defibrillation threshold.

DESIGN

Prospective, randomized, controlled animal study.

SETTING

University-affiliated research laboratory.

SUBJECTS

Yorkshire-X domestic pigs (Sus scrofa).

INTERVENTIONS

In eight domestic male pigs weighing between 24 and 31 kg, ventricular fibrillation was electrically induced and untreated for 10 secs. Manual chest compression was then performed and continued for 25 secs with the protection of an isolation blanket. The depth and frequency of chest compressions were guided by a cardiopulmonary resuscitation prompter. Animals were randomized to receive a biphasic electrical shock in five different compression phases with a predetermined energy setting. A control phase was chosen at a constant 2 secs after discontinued chest compression. A grouped up-down defibrillation threshold testing protocol was used to compare the success rate at different coupling phases. After a recovery interval of 4 mins, the sequence was repeated for a total of 60 test shocks for each animal.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS

No difference in coronary perfusion pressure before delivering of the shock was observed among the six study phases. The defibrillation success rate, however, was significantly higher when shocks were delivered in the upstroke phase of manual chest compression.

CONCLUSION

Defibrillation efficacy is maximal when electrical shock is delivered during the upstroke phase of manual chest compression.

Collapse

Kubota T, Kawasaki M, Takasugi N, Takeyama U, Ishihara Y, Okubo M, Yamaki T, Ojio S, Aoyama T, Arai M, Nishigaki K, Takemura G, Fujiwara H, Minatoguchi S. Evaluation of Left Atrial Degeneration for the Prediction of Atrial Fibrillation. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2009;2:1039-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2009.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]

Sawyer GJ, Dong X, Whitehorne M, Grehan A, Seddon M, Shah AM, Zhang X, Fabre JW. Cardiovascular function following acute volume overload for hydrodynamic gene delivery to the liver. Gene Ther 2007;14:1208-17. [PMID: 17568768 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]

Frazier SK, Stone KS, Moser D, Schlanger R, Carle C, Pender L, Widener J, Brom H. Hemodynamic Changes During Discontinuation of Mechanical Ventilation in Medical Intensive Care Unit Patients. Am J Crit Care 2006. [DOI: 10.4037/ajcc2006.15.6.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]

Abstract • Background Cardiac dysfunction can prevent successful discontinuation of mechanical ventilation. Critically ill patients may have undetected cardiac disease, and cardiac dysfunction can be produced or exacerbated by underlying pathophysiology. • Objective To describe and compare hemodynamic function and cardiac rhythm during baseline mechanical ventilation with function and rhythm during a trial of continuous positive airway pressure in medical intensive care patients. • Methods A convenience sample of 43 patients (53% men; mean age 51.1 years) who required mechanical ventilation were recruited for this pilot study. Cardiac output, stroke volume, arterial blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac rhythm, and plasma catecholamine levels were measured during mechanical ventilation and during a trial of continuous positive airway pressure. • Results One third of the patients had difficulty discontinuing mechanical ventilation. Successful patients had significantly increased cardiac output and stroke volume without changes in heart rate or arterial pressure during the trial of continuous positive airway pressure. Unsuccessful patients had no significant changes in cardiac output, stroke volume, or heart rate but had a significant increase in mean arterial pressure. The 2 groups of patients also had different patterns in ectopy. Concurrently, catecholamine concentrations decreased in the successful patients and significantly increased in the unsuccessful patients during the trial. • Conclusions Patterns of cardiac function and plasma catecholamine levels differed between patients who did or did not achieve spontaneous ventilation with a trial of continuous positive airway pressure. Cardiac function must be systematically considered before and during the return to spontaneous ventilation to optimize the likelihood of success. Collapse

Kojodjojo P, Kangaratnam P, Markides V, Peters NS. Targeting atrio-atrial conduction in the post-orthotopic heart transplant patient. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2005;13:31-4. [PMID: 15976975 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-005-0785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2005] [Accepted: 03/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]

Betsuyaku T, Yonezawa K, Sakurai M, Kitabatake A. Positional Ventricular Tachycardia. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2004;27:1437-9. [PMID: 15511255 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2004.00650.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]

Chen R, Penny DJ, Greve G, Lab MJ. Rate dependence of mechanically induced electrophysiological changes in right ventricle of anaesthetized lambs during pulmonary artery occlusion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004;180:13-9. [PMID: 14706108 DOI: 10.1046/j.0001-6772.2003.01201.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]

Chen RL, Penny DJ, Greve G, Lab MJ. Stretch-induced regional mechanoelectric dispersion and arrhythmia in the right ventricle of anesthetized lambs. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2004;286:H1008-14. [PMID: 14766676 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00724.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]

Abstract Regional mechanical and electrophysiological changes accompany most ventricular arrhythmias and, it has been suggested, by mechanoelectric feedback. We hypothesized that an intervention producing regional mechanical dispersion was associated with regional, proarrhythmic electrical dispersion and studied the regional mechanoelectric feedback in the right ventricle (RV) of anesthetized lambs. Ten lambs were deeply anesthetized, and their hearts were exposed. Three tripodal devices, each incorporating three monophasic action potential electrodes and an integrated strain-gauge system, were placed on the RV apex outflow and inflow regions. Measurements were made before, during, and after 10-s pulmonary arterial occlusion. Pulmonary arterial occlusion increased RV pressure and overall regional segment length. Length excursion became out of phase with RV pressure beats immediately after occlusion, and the strain patterns were different in the three regions at the peak of occlusion. The occlusion resulted in different alterations in regional monophasic action potential morphology, including reduction in monophasic action potential amplitude and duration by different amounts and early afterdepolarizations that were unevenly distributed in the monophasic action potential recordings. This was associated with dispersion of repolarization and recovery time. The combination of electromechanical events precipitated a variety of arrhythmias. Acute RV distension is proarrhythmic, possibly through a causal relationship among mechanically induced afterdepolarizations, dispersion (heterogeneity) of mechanical strain, and dispersion of electrical recovery. The relationship among the different wall motions, the dispersion of repolarization, and arrhythmia underscored mechanoelectric feedback as an important part of arrhythmogenesis in pulmonary embolism and commotio cordis. Collapse

Schinkel AFL, Bountioukos M, Poldermans D, Elhendy A, Valkema R, Vourvouri EC, Biagini E, Rizzello V, Kertai MD, Krenning B, Krenning EP, Roelandt JRTC, Bax JJ. Relation between QT dispersion and myocardial viability in ischemic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 2003;92:712-5. [PMID: 12972115 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(03)00835-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]

Schotten U, Neuberger HR, Allessie MA. The role of atrial dilatation in the domestication of atrial fibrillation. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2003;82:151-62. [PMID: 12732275 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6107(03)00012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]

Abstract

Numerous clinical investigations as well as recent experimental studies have demonstrated that atrial fibrillation (AF) is a progressive arrhythmia. With time paroxysmal AF becomes persistent and the success rate of cardioversion of persistent AF declines. Electrical remodeling (shortening of atrial refractoriness) develops within the first days of AF and contributes to the increase in stability of the arrhythmia. However, 'domestication of AF' must also depend on other mechanisms since the persistence of AF continues to increase after electrical remodeling has been completed. During the first days of AF in the goat, electrical and contractile remodeling (loss of atrial contractility) followed exactly the same time course suggesting that they are due to the same underlying mechanism. Contractile remodeling not only enhances the risk of atrial thrombus formation, it also enhances atrial dilatation by increasing the compliance of the fibrillating atrium. In goats with chronic AV-block atrial dilatation increased the duration of artificially induced AF-episodes but did not change atrial refractoriness or the AF cycle length. When AF was maintained a couple of days in these animals, a shortening of the atrial refractory period did occur. However, the AF cycle length did not decrease. Long lasting episodes of AF with a long AF cycle length and a wide excitable gap suggest that in this model AF is mainly promoted by conduction disturbances. Chronic atrial stretch induces activation of numerous signaling pathways leading to cellular hypertrophy, fibroblast proliferation and tissue fibrosis. The resulting electroanatomical substrate in dilated atria is characterized by increased non-uniform anisotropy and macroscopic slowing of conduction, promoting reentrant circuits in the atria. Prevention of electroanatomical remodeling by blockade of pathways activated by chronic atrial stretch therefore provides a promising strategy for future treatment of AF.

Collapse

James PR, Hardman SMC, Taggart P. Physiological changes in ventricular filling alter cardiac electrophysiology in patients with abnormal ventricular function. Heart 2002;88:149-52. [PMID: 12117840 PMCID: PMC1767214 DOI: 10.1136/heart.88.2.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open

Furukawa T, Ono Y, Tsuchiya H, Katayama Y, Bang ML, Labeit D, Labeit S, Inagaki N, Gregorio CC. Specific interaction of the potassium channel beta-subunit minK with the sarcomeric protein T-cap suggests a T-tubule-myofibril linking system. J Mol Biol 2001;313:775-84. [PMID: 11697903 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2001.5053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]

Allessie MA, Boyden PA, Camm AJ, Kléber AG, Lab MJ, Legato MJ, Rosen MR, Schwartz PJ, Spooner PM, Van Wagoner DR, Waldo AL. Pathophysiology and prevention of atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2001;103:769-77. [PMID: 11156892 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.103.5.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]