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da Silva MMR, Bilezikian JP, de Paula FJA. Phosphate metabolism: its impact on disorders of mineral metabolism. Endocrine 2025; 88:1-13. [PMID: 39527339 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-04092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 10/29/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Regulatory molecules typically work cooperatively to ensure the efficient functioning of hormonal systems. Examples include LH and FSH in reproductive biology, insulin and glucagon in glucose metabolism. Similarly, calcium and phosphorus are important regulators of skeletal homeostasis. In the circulation, these molecules are under the control of PTH, 1,25(OHD), and FGF23. In turn, these hormones depend upon a mutual and complex interplay among themselves. For example, alterations in calcium metabolism influence phosphorus homeostasis, as occurs in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Not as well recognized is the influence that abnormalities in phosphorus metabolism can have on calcium homeostasis. In this review, we call attention to the impact that abnormalities in phosphorus can have on calcium metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa Monseff Rodrigues da Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 3900 Bandeirantes Ave, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - John P Bilezikian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons. Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francisco J A de Paula
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 3900 Bandeirantes Ave, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Simon P, Török É, Szalontai K, Kari B, Neuperger P, Zavala N, Kanizsai I, Puskás LG, Török S, Szebeni GJ. Nutritional Support of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Nutrients 2025; 17:1149. [PMID: 40218907 PMCID: PMC11990120 DOI: 10.3390/nu17071149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2025] [Revised: 03/14/2025] [Accepted: 03/19/2025] [Indexed: 04/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: COPD is a heterogenous disease of the respiratory tract caused by diverse genetic factors along with environmental and lifestyle-related effects such as industrial dust inhalation and, most frequently, cigarette smoking. These factors lead to airflow obstruction and chronic respiratory symptoms. Additionally, the increased risk of infections exacerbates airway inflammation in COPD patients. As a consequence of the complex pathomechanisms and difficulty in treatment, COPD is among the leading causes of mortality both in the western countries and in the developing world. Results: The management of COPD is still a challenge for the clinicians; however, alternative interventions such as smoking cessation and lifestyle changes from a sedentary life to moderate physical activity with special attention to the diet may ameliorate patients' health. Here, we reviewed the effects of different dietary components and supplements on the conditions of COPD. Conclusions: COPD patients are continuously exposed to heavy metals, which are commonly present in cigarette smoke and polluted air. Meanwhile, they often experience significant nutrient deficiencies, which affect the detoxification of these toxic metals. This in turn can further disrupt nutritional balance by interfering with the absorption, metabolism, and utilization of essential micronutrients. Therefore, awareness and deliberate efforts should be made to check levels of micronutrients, with special attention to ensuring adequate levels of antioxidants, vitamin D, vitamin K2, magnesium, and iron, as these may be particularly important in reducing the risk of COPD development and limiting disease severity.
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Grants
- 2023-1.1.1-PIACI_FÓKUSZ-2024-00036 National Research, Development, and Innovation Office (NKFI), Hungary
- 2020-1.1.6-JÖVŐ-2021-00003 National Research, Development, and Innovation Office (NKFI), Hungary
- 2022-1.2.6-TÉT-IPARI-TR-2022-00023 National Research, Development, and Innovation Office (NKFI), Hungary
- 142877 FK22 National Research, Development, and Innovation Office (NKFI), Hungary.
- BO/00582/22/8 János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Simon
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, 1121 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Éva Török
- Gastroenterology Center Buda, 1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Klára Szalontai
- Department of Pulmonology, Szent-Györgyi Albert Medical Center, University of Szeged, 6772 Deszk, Hungary;
| | - Beáta Kari
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Core Facility, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (B.K.); (P.N.); (N.Z.); (L.G.P.)
| | - Patrícia Neuperger
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Core Facility, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (B.K.); (P.N.); (N.Z.); (L.G.P.)
| | - Norma Zavala
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Core Facility, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (B.K.); (P.N.); (N.Z.); (L.G.P.)
| | | | - László G. Puskás
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Core Facility, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (B.K.); (P.N.); (N.Z.); (L.G.P.)
- Anthelos Ltd., 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Török
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, 1121 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Gabor J. Szebeni
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Core Facility, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, 6726 Szeged, Hungary; (B.K.); (P.N.); (N.Z.); (L.G.P.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
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Yang S, Jiao N, Wang J, Zhang T. Association between dietary potassium intake and the prevalence of gallstones in American adults: an assessment of data from the national health and nutrition examination survey. BMC Gastroenterol 2025; 25:197. [PMID: 40128662 PMCID: PMC11931865 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-025-03744-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2025] [Indexed: 03/26/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gallstones are a common disease of the digestive system, and its complications pose serious risks to human health and impose a significant economic burden on society. Inadequate dietary potassium intake may be associated with the development of gallstones, however, there is a lack of current epidemiological research on this topic. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this research was a preliminarily exploration of the relationship between dietary potassium intake and the prevalence of gallstones, providing direction for the next step of quantitativeanalysis on the association between dietary potassium intake and the prevalence of gallstones. METHODS Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2017 to 2020 were used for a cross-sectional analysis. The presence of gallstones was assessed based on the NHANES questionnaire data for the corresponding time frame. To investigate the link between dietary potassium consumption and the likelihood of developing gallstones, multiple logistic regression models were used. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on variables such as age, gender, poverty-to-income ratio (PIR), body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes, dietary supplement use, and physical activity. An analysis of linear associations was carried out using smoothing curves. RESULTS The study comprised 6,223 participants aged 20 years and older, excluding pregnant individuals. Among these participants, 671 were diagnosed with gallstones. In the final adjusted model, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.70 to 0.93, it was determined that dietary potassium intake and gallstone incidence were negatively correlated (OR = 0.81, p = 0.003). Individuals in the highest tertile of dietary potassium intake experienced a 31% lower risk of developing gallstones compare to those in the lowest tertile (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.51-0.94, p = 0.017). In Model 1, the prevalence of gallstones exhibited an inverse relationship with dietary potassium intake. This negative association persisted even after stratifying by variables such as age, gender, PIR, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, dietary supplement use, and physical activity. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated the stability of this relationship. CONCLUSION Our research revealed that increased dietary potassium intake is associated with a lower prevalence of gallstones. Nevertheless, additional prospective studies are required to confirm a precise dietary potassium intake level and the long-term effects of potassium metabolism on gallstone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangru Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Na Jiao
- The People'S Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.
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Siatka T, Mát'uš M, Moravcová M, Harčárová P, Lomozová Z, Matoušová K, Suwanvecho C, Krčmová LK, Mladěnka P. Biological, dietetic and pharmacological properties of vitamin B 9. NPJ Sci Food 2025; 9:30. [PMID: 40075081 PMCID: PMC11904035 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-025-00396-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Humans must obtain vitamin B9 (folate) from plant-based diet. The sources as well as the effect of food processing are discussed in detail. Industrial production, fortification and biofortification, kinetics, and physiological role in humans are described. As folate deficiency leads to several pathological states, current opinions toward prevention through fortification are discussed. Claimed risks of increased folate intake are mentioned as well as analytical ways for measurement of folate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Siatka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Mát'uš
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 83232, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Monika Moravcová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Patrícia Harčárová
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Lomozová
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Matoušová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Chaweewan Suwanvecho
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Costello E, Kerns J. Thiamine deficiency in US veterans with obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2025; 33:416-421. [PMID: 39837759 PMCID: PMC11774014 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 10/11/2024] [Accepted: 11/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2025]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thiamine deficiency is common after bariatric surgery, but patients with obesity may be deficient in thiamine even before surgery. The purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence of thiamine deficiency in patients with obesity at a medical weight-management clinic and assess the relationship between recent weight loss and thiamine deficiency. METHODS For this observational study, medical records were reviewed for patients (n = 146) at the nonsurgical obesity medicine and preoperative bariatric surgery clinic at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center between January 1, 2012, and January 31, 2019. Thiamine deficiency was defined as a value less than the test reference range. χ2 tests were used to assess differences in thiamine deficiency by race, gender, and type 2 diabetes status. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between weight loss and thiamine deficiency. RESULTS Thiamine deficiency was found in 32.2% of patients. There were no differences in the prevalence of deficiency by gender, race, or type 2 diabetes status. Weight loss was associated with increased risk for deficiency, although this was not statistically significant (odds ratio = 2.04, 95% CI: 0.79-5.27). CONCLUSIONS Approximately one-third of patients evaluated had a test result indicating thiamine deficiency. All people with obesity may benefit from additional nutritional screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Costello
- Department of Population and Public Health SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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Li X, Zhang W, Huang T, Chen Y, Li J, Ding F, Wang W. The Effect of Dietary Phosphate Load on Urinary Supersaturation and Phosphate Metabolism in Non-Stone-Forming Asian Individuals. ANNALS OF NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2024; 81:97-104. [PMID: 39662081 DOI: 10.1159/000543068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 12/07/2024] [Indexed: 12/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phosphate ion is common in the core of urinary stones and may initiate stone formation. However, the precise role of phosphate in the initiation of stone formation remains obscure. We assessed the effects of dietary phosphate load on urinary stone risk and phosphate metabolism. METHODS Ten non-stone-forming healthy volunteers completed this randomized, crossover study. Each subject was provided a high- or low-phosphate diet for 3 days. After a 2-day equilibration period with a moderate-phosphate diet, the participants received a low- or high-phosphate diet for another 3 days. Serum, fecal, and 24-h urine samples were collected at the end of each intervention. RESULTS High dietary phosphate load increased urinary phosphate excretion, and low dietary phosphate decreased urinary phosphate excretion. In addition, urine pH was lower and supersaturation (SS) index of uric acid (UA) was higher after a high-phosphate diet. There was no significant difference in the SS index for calcium oxalate, brushite and hydroxyapatite, or 24-h urinary citrate between the high and the low dietary phosphate. Also, no significant change was observed in fecal phosphate excretion after a high- or low-phosphate diet. The serum phosphate level increased after a high-phosphate diet, but there was no difference in serum phosphate between low-phosphate and moderate-phosphate diets. CONCLUSION High dietary phosphate load led to higher urinary phosphate excretion, a higher SS index of UA, and lower urine pH. Stone formers should be advised to limit the intake of high-phosphate source diet, including high-protein diets and phosphate-based food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhu Li
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weichen Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaolun Li
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenji Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Huang LC, Henderson GC, Mattes RD. Effects of daily almond consumption on glycaemia in adults with elevated risk for diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2024; 132:1289-1299. [PMID: 39431574 PMCID: PMC11646672 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524001053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the potential for sustained almond consumption to reduce HbA1c concentrations among individuals with elevated values. A 16-week randomised, parallel-arm, controlled trial was conducted. Eighty-one adults with elevated HbA1c concentrations (> 5·7 %) were randomly assigned to incorporate 2 oz of raw almonds (A: n 39) or energy-matched snacks (C: n 42) into their daily diets. Body weight, body composition, plasma lipids, HbA1c, plasma vitamin E, glycaemia (by meal tolerance test and continuous glucose monitoring), dietary intake and hedonic responses to test foods were measured at stipulated time points. Participants consuming almonds ingested 253 kcal/d more than participants in the control group (P = 0·02), but this did not result in a significant difference in body weight. No statistically significant differences were observed in HbA1c concentrations, blood chemistries, body composition or glycaemia over time or between groups. However, Healthy Eating Index scores improved within the almond group as compared with the control group (P < 0·001). Additionally, the hedonic rating of almonds within the almond group did not decline as markedly as the control group's reduced liking of the pretzel snack. Alpha-tocopherol increased significantly, and gamma tocopherol tended to decrease in the almond group, indicating compliance with the dietary intervention. Overall, daily ingestion of 2 oz of raw almonds in a self-selected diet for 16 weeks did not alter short-term or longer-term glycaemia or HbA1c concentrations in adults with elevated HbA1c concentrations, but they were well-tolerated hedonically and improved diet quality without promoting weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chu Huang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Richard D. Mattes
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Cadenhead JW, Lee AR, Nguyen TTT, Lebwohl B, Green PHR, Wolf RL. Dietary Adherence to Recommendations among a Cohort of Adults and Teens with Celiac Disease Maintaining a Gluten-Free Diet Compared to a Nationally Representative Sample: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:3067. [PMID: 39339667 PMCID: PMC11435366 DOI: 10.3390/nu16183067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CeD) is a common autoimmune condition, with a prevalence of ~1%. Currently, a gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only treatment option. Due to fortification rules excluding gluten-free products in the United States of America (U.S.A.), understanding the nutritional adequacy of a GFD is important for promoting optimal health among those with CeD. Cross-sectional examination of multiple 24 h dietary recalls from a study sample of 50 adults and 30 teens with CeD was used to determine nutritional adequacy and excesses according to U.S.A. recommendations. The results were compared with those of 15,777 adults and 2296 teens from a nationally representative sample not reporting CeD, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2014. Compared with NHANES, our study population was more at risk of low folate and carbohydrate (adults) consumption, and of excessive niacin and vitamin A (teens), as well as saturated and total fat consumption (adults). Overall, though, compared with NHANES, our study participants had similar nutrient concerns but fewer nutritional imbalances, with some notable exceptions. In addition to maintaining a GFD, individuals with CeD should be counseled to maintain a balanced diet and to pay attention to nutrient-dense foods. Special attention should be given to teens in providing dietary counseling to potentially mitigate the risk of future morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W. Cadenhead
- Program in Nutrition, Department of Health Studies & Applied Educational Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; (T.T.T.N.); (R.L.W.)
| | - Anne R. Lee
- Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (A.R.L.)
| | - Thanh Thanh T. Nguyen
- Program in Nutrition, Department of Health Studies & Applied Educational Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; (T.T.T.N.); (R.L.W.)
| | - Benjamin Lebwohl
- Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (A.R.L.)
| | - Peter H. R. Green
- Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (A.R.L.)
| | - Randi L. Wolf
- Program in Nutrition, Department of Health Studies & Applied Educational Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; (T.T.T.N.); (R.L.W.)
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Tang WHW, DiDonato JA, Allayee H, Hazen SL. Reply to Guyton, J. R. & Boden, W. E.; Schreiber, S. et al. Nat Med 2024; 30:2448-2449. [PMID: 39237627 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03222-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joseph A DiDonato
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hooman Allayee
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Ouyang S, Li Q, Liu Z, Yin Y. The relationship between physical activity levels and serum vitamin D levels varies among children and adolescents in different age groups. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1435396. [PMID: 39279903 PMCID: PMC11392726 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1435396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of the present study was to explore the relationship between physical activity (PA) levels and serum vitamin D levels in children and adolescents of different ages and sexes. Methods All the data in this study were collected during two cycles (2011-2014) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Our study participants were aged ≥3 and < 20 years and had valid data for all variables, including vitamin D intake, serum vitamin D levels, PA volume and intensity levels, amount of time spent outdoors, body mass index (BMI), sex, and race. Results A total of 3,312 participants were included in the study; 1,672 were boys (50.4%), and 1,640 were girls (49.6%). A total of 250 (7.5%) children were aged 3-5 years, 1,474 (44.5%) were aged 6-11 years, and 1,588 (47.9%) were aged 12-19 years. Both PA volume and intensity were positively related to serum vitamin D levels in the 6-11-year-old boys and girls (p < 0.05 for both) and in the 12-19-year-old boys. No significant relationship between PA volume or intensity and serum vitamin D levels was detected in the 3-5-year-old group or in the 12-19-year-old girl group. The time spent outdoors and the BMI of the participants had mediating effects on the relationships of PA volume and intensity with serum vitamin D levels in boys and girls aged 6-11 years. Conclusion The relationship between PA and vitamin D varies among children and adolescents of different sexes and ages, and the sun exposure level and BMI had mediating effects on the relationship between PA and the serum vitamin D level. The mechanism of the relationship between PA and increased serum vitamin D levels needs further in-depth research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengrong Ouyang
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Li
- Environmental Standards Institute, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yin
- Department of Integrated Early Childhood Development, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
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Zhou T, Du Z, Luo Z, Li X, Wu D, Huang Y, Yong K, Yao X, Shen L, Yu S, Yan Z, Cao S. Alteration of Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolites, and Serum Metabolites in Dairy Cows with Pre-Retained Placenta. Metabolites 2024; 14:386. [PMID: 39057709 PMCID: PMC11279091 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14070386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Retained placenta (RP) affects lactation and fertility in dairy cows and causes economic losses to the dairy industry. Therefore, screening for early warning of this disease is important. This study used multi omics techniques to reveal the metabolic differences of dairy cows before RP onset and to find potential warning markers. Fecal samples and serum samples of 90 healthy Holstein cows were collected 7 days pre-calving; 10 healthy and 10 RP cows were enrolled according to normal expulsion of fetal membranes after calving. Fecal samples were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analysis, while plasma was analyzed using targeted metabolomics. Pathogenic bacteria levels increased in the intestines of cows with RP compared to those in healthy cows. Lipid metabolites constituted the largest proportion of differential metabolites between feces and plasma. Six potential warning markers for RP in cows were identified, including two fecal microbiomics markers (Oscillospiraceae UCG-005 and Escherichia-Shigella), one fecal untargeted metabolomics marker (N-acetylmuramic acid), and three plasma targeted metabolomics markers (glycylcholic acid-3 sulfate, 7-ketolithocholic acid, and 12-ketolithocholic acid). These biomarkers can predict RP occurrence in the early perinatal period. These results lay a theoretical foundation for early nutritional intervention and pathogenesis research in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Pharmaceutical, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Zhenlong Du
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Pharmaceutical, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Zhengzhong Luo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yixin Huang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Kang Yong
- Department of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College, Chongqing 404105, China
| | - Xueping Yao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liuhong Shen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shumin Yu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zuoting Yan
- Lanzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Pharmaceutical, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Suizhong Cao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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12
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Cormick G, Romero IB, Puchulu MB, Perez SM, Sosa M, Garitta L, Elizagoyen E, Gugole MF, Belizán JM, Matamoros N, Gibbons L. A simulation study to improve calcium intake through wheat flour fortification. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e159. [PMID: 38825723 PMCID: PMC11617415 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024001228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To simulate the impact on calcium intake - effectiveness and safety - of fortifying wheat flour with 200, 400 and 500 mg of calcium per 100 g of flour. DESIGN Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data collected through repeated 24 h dietary recalls using the Iowa State University Intake Modelling, Assessment and Planning Program. SETTING Urban cities in the National Health and Nutrition Survey of Argentina (ENNyS 2018-2019). PARTICIPANTS 21 358 participants, including children, adolescents and adults. RESULTS Most individuals in all age groups reported consuming wheat flour. The prevalence of low calcium intake was above 80 % in individuals older than 9 years. Simulating the fortification of 500 mg of calcium per 100 g of wheat flour showed that the prevalence of low calcium intake could be reduced by more than 40 percentage points in girls and women aged 19 to less than 51 years and boys and men aged 4 to less than 71 years, while it remained above 65 % in older ages. The percentages above the upper intake level remained below 1·5 % in all age groups. CONCLUSIONS Calcium flour fortification could be further explored to improve calcium intake. Subnational simulations could be performed to identify groups that might not be reached by this strategy that could be explored in Argentina. This analysis could be used to advocate for a strategy to fortify wheat flour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Cormick
- Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIESP - IECS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS – CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de La Matanza, San Justo, Argentina
| | - Iris B Romero
- Universidad Nacional de La Matanza, San Justo, Argentina
| | - María B Puchulu
- Universidad Nacional de La Matanza, San Justo, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Surya M Perez
- Universidad Nacional de La Matanza, San Justo, Argentina
| | - Miriam Sosa
- Departamento de Evaluación Sensorial de Alimentos (DESA), Instituto Superior Experimental de Tecnología Alimentaria (ISETA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorena Garitta
- Departamento de Evaluación Sensorial de Alimentos (DESA), Instituto Superior Experimental de Tecnología Alimentaria (ISETA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana Elizagoyen
- Departamento de Evaluación Sensorial de Alimentos (DESA), Instituto Superior Experimental de Tecnología Alimentaria (ISETA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Fernanda Gugole
- Departamento de Evaluación Sensorial de Alimentos (DESA), Instituto Superior Experimental de Tecnología Alimentaria (ISETA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Comisión de Investigaciones científicas de la provincia de Bs As (CIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José M Belizán
- Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIESP - IECS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS – CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Matamoros
- Instituto de Desarrollo E Investigaciones Pediátricas “Prof. Dr. Fernando E. Viteri” Hospital de Niños “Sor María Ludovica de La Plata (IDIP), Ministerio de Salud/Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de La Provincia de Buenos Aires, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Luz Gibbons
- Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria (IECS – CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Cristelo C, Sá AF, Lúcio M, Sarmento B, Gama FM. Vitamin D loaded into lipid nanoparticles shows insulinotropic effect in INS-1E cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 196:106758. [PMID: 38570054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a beneficial role of vitamin D (VitD) supplementation in addressing the widespread VitD deficiency, but currently used VitD3 formulations present low bioavailability and toxicity constrains. Hence, poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs), solid-lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were investigated to circumvent these issues. PLGA NPs prepared by emulsification or nanoprecipitation presented 74 or 200 nm, and association efficiency (AE) of 68 % and 17 %, respectively, and a rapid burst release of VitD3. Both SLN and NLCs presented higher polydispersity and larger NPs size, around 500 nm, which could be reduced to around 200 nm by use of hot high-pressure homogenization in the case of NLCs. VitD3 was efficiently loaded in both SLNs and NLCs with an AE of 82 and 99 %, respectively. While SLNs showed burst release, NLCs allowed a sustained release of VitD3 for nearly one month. Furthermore, NLCs showed high stability with maintenance of VitD3 loading for up to one month at 4 °C and no cytotoxic effects on INS-1E cells up to 72 h. A trending increase (around 30 %) on glucose-dependent insulin secretion was observed by INS-1E cells pre-treated with VitD3. This effect was consistently observed in the free form and after loading on NLCs. Overall, this work contributed to further elucidation on a suitable delivery system for VitD3 and on the effects of this metabolite on β cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília Cristelo
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Sá
- Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Marlene Lúcio
- CF-UM-UP, Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; CBMA, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; IUCS-CESPU, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Miguel Gama
- Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.
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14
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Freedman MR, Fulgoni VL, Lieberman HR. Temporal changes in micronutrient intake among United States Adults, NHANES 2003 through 2018: A cross-sectional study. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:1309-1320. [PMID: 38373695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in the United States food supply and food choices make examination of temporal changes in micronutrient intake and their effect on meeting nutrient recommendations necessary. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine 15-year trends of the contribution of foods and beverages (FB) and dietary supplements (DSs) to meeting nutrient recommendations among United States adults aged 19 y or older and compare usual mean intake distributions of FB alone with those of FB+DSs with dietary reference intakes [percentage below the estimated average requirement (%AI)]. METHODS This cross-sectional study used food, beverage, and DSs intake data from NHANES 2003-2018 (N = 39,925) to determine usual mean intakes for 21 micronutrients. Changes in intakes from FB and from FB+DSs, by sex, were compared in a time-trend analysis of 2-y cycles. Changes in mean intake as %AI were determined. RESULTS Over the time studied, United States adults underconsumed vitamins A, C, D, E, and K; calcium; potassium; magnesium; and choline, even when DSs intake was included. Sodium was overconsumed. In males, there were significant increases in % CONCLUSIONS Although some progress has been made, nutrient intake and percentage of the population meeting nutritional recommendations among United States adults has changed little over the 15 y studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie R Freedman
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Belcamp, MD, United States.
| | - Victor L Fulgoni
- Nutrition Impact, 9725 D Drive North, Battle Creek, MI, United States
| | - Harris R Lieberman
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
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15
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Vítolo MR, Baratto PS, Sangalli CN, Leffa PDS, Valmorbida JL. [The use of ultra-processed foods as a source of micronutrients for children: risk of toxicity?]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2024; 39:e00203323. [PMID: 38198365 PMCID: PMC10775964 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xpt203323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
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16
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Huang J, Ahmed I, Balogun A, Hamid K. Niacin-Induced Syncope in a Middle-Aged Male: When an Over-the-Counter Vitamin Goes Wrong. Cureus 2023; 15:e50454. [PMID: 38222212 PMCID: PMC10786186 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Niacin is an essential vitamin with lipid-modifying properties. It is readily available in many over-the-counter (OTC) supplements. However, the use of niacin can lead to undesirable adverse reactions, including flushing, nausea, hyperglycemia, etc. Here, we present a rare case of niacin-induced syncope caused by a sudden increase in dosage in a middle-aged male. Extensive history, examination, and cardiovascular investigation were obtained to rule out various common etiologies of syncope. We also discuss the utility of niacin as a nutritional supplement, as most individuals obtain sufficient niacin intake from foods and beverages. As a treatment for dyslipidemia, niacin no longer exhibits cardiovascular benefits in the contemporary statin era. We argue that an additional niacin supplement is both unnecessary and potentially harmful. Therefore, niacin supplementation should be cautiously taken with no additional health benefits and frequent deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Huang
- Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, USA
| | - Ibrahim Ahmed
- Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, USA
| | - Ayodeji Balogun
- Hospital Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford Medical Center, Sioux Falls, USA
| | - Khizar Hamid
- Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Corewell Health East, Royal Oak, USA
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17
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Bogaerts B, Fraiture MA, Huwaert A, Van Nieuwenhuysen T, Jacobs B, Van Hoorde K, De Keersmaecker SCJ, Roosens NHC, Vanneste K. Retrospective surveillance of viable Bacillus cereus group contaminations in commercial food and feed vitamin B 2 products sold on the Belgian market using whole-genome sequencing. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1173594. [PMID: 37415815 PMCID: PMC10321352 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1173594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is a spore-forming bacterium that occurs as a contaminant in food and feed, occasionally resulting in food poisoning through the production of various toxins. In this study, we retrospectively characterized viable B. cereus sensu lato (s.l.) isolates originating from commercial vitamin B2 feed and food additives collected between 2016 and 2022 by the Belgian Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain from products sold on the Belgian market. In total, 75 collected product samples were cultured on a general medium and, in case of bacterial growth, two isolates per product sample were collected and characterized using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and subsequently characterized in terms of sequence type (ST), virulence gene profile, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene profile, plasmid content, and phylogenomic relationships. Viable B. cereus was identified in 18 of the 75 (24%) tested products, resulting in 36 WGS datasets, which were classified into eleven different STs, with ST165 (n = 10) and ST32 (n = 8) being the most common. All isolates carried multiple genes encoding virulence factors, including cytotoxin K-2 (52.78%) and cereulide (22.22%). Most isolates were predicted to be resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics (100%) and fosfomycin (88.89%), and a subset was predicted to be resistant to streptothricin (30.56%). Phylogenomic analysis revealed that some isolates obtained from different products were closely related or even identical indicating a likely common origin, whereas for some products the two isolates obtained did not show any close relationship to each other or other isolates found in other products. This study reveals that potentially pathogenic and drug-resistant B. cereus s.l. can be present in food and feed vitamin B2 additives that are commercially available, and that more research is warranted to assess whether their presence in these types of products poses a threat to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Bogaerts
- Transversal activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Bram Jacobs
- Foodborne Pathogens, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Microbiology, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Kevin Vanneste
- Transversal activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Aguree S, Murray-Kolb LE, Diaz F, Gernand AD. Menstrual Cycle-Associated Changes in Micronutrient Biomarkers Concentration: A Prospective Cohort Study. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2023; 42:339-348. [PMID: 35512771 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2022.2040399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate variations in micronutrient biomarker concentrations and deficiencies across the menstrual cycle in a cohort of healthy women. This prospective cohort study was conducted among healthy women of reproductive age living in the State College area, Pennsylvania, (n = 45). Data collection occurred at the early follicular phase, the late follicular phase, and the midluteal phase. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure micronutrient biomarkers. At the early follicular phase, the mean ± SD concentrations for zinc, copper, magnesium, and retinol were 81.8 ± 16.2 µg/dL, 80.1 ± 12.8 µg/dL, 17.9 ± 1.4 mg/L, and 39.4 ± 9.3 µg/dL, respectively. The geometric mean (95% CI) for manganese, iron and ferritin concentrations were 1.51 [1.21, 1.87] µg/L, 106.7 [90.8, 125.4] µg/dL, and 26.4 [20.5, 34.0] µg/L, respectively. Mean concentrations of zinc and magnesium declined by 6.6% (p = 0.009) and 4.6% (p < 0.001) from the early follicular phase to the midluteal phase, respectively. Other biomarkers remained relatively constant across the cycle. At the early follicular phase, the prevalence of low serum concentrations for zinc, copper, magnesium, manganese, iron, and ferritin was 22%, 7%, 29%, 13%, 14%, and 28%, respectively. Also, in early follicular phase, 36% had anemia, and 13% specifically had iron deficiency anemia. The prevalence of magnesium deficiency was significantly higher at the midluteal phase vs. the early follicular phase (p = 0.025). Our study suggests that while many micronutrient concentrations are relatively constant across the menstrual cycle in healthy women, zinc and magnesium decline, and the prevalence of magnesium deficiency increases. Supplemental data for this article is available online at.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixtus Aguree
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura E Murray-Kolb
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Francisco Diaz
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alison D Gernand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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19
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Mong MA. Vitamin K and the Visual System-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081948. [PMID: 37111170 PMCID: PMC10143727 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K occupies a unique and often obscured place among its fellow fat-soluble vitamins. Evidence is mounting, however, that vitamin K (VK) may play an important role in the visual system apart from the hepatic carboxylation of hemostatic-related proteins. However, to our knowledge, no review covering the topic has appeared in the medical literature. Recent studies have confirmed that matrix Gla protein (MGP), a vitamin K-dependent protein (VKDP), is essential for the regulation of intraocular pressure in mice. The PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) study, a randomized trial involving 5860 adults at risk for cardiovascular disease, demonstrated a 29% reduction in the risk of cataract surgery in participants with the highest tertile of dietary vitamin K1 (PK) intake compared with those with the lowest tertile. However, the specific requirements of the eye and visual system (EVS) for VK, and what might constitute an optimized VK status, is currently unknown and largely unexplored. It is, therefore, the intention of this narrative review to provide an introduction concerning VK and the visual system, review ocular VK biology, and provide some historical context for recent discoveries. Potential opportunities and gaps in current research efforts will be touched upon in the hope of raising awareness and encouraging continued VK-related investigations in this important and highly specialized sensory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Mong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Veteran Affairs North Texas Health Care Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75216, USA
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20
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Li L, Sun J, Wang H, Ouyang Y, Zhang J, Li T, Wei Y, Gong W, Zhou X, Zhang B. Spatial Distribution and Temporal Trends of Dietary Niacin Intake in Chinese Residents ≥ 5 Years of Age between 1991 and 2018. Nutrients 2023; 15:638. [PMID: 36771344 PMCID: PMC9920286 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited knowledge exists on trends in niacin consumption and the prevalence of inadequate intakes in China. Understanding trends and the spatial distribution of the prevalence of inadequate niacin intake is crucial to identifying high-risk areas and sub-populations. The dietary intakes of niacin between 1991 and 2018 were analyzed using the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data. The estimated average requirement cut point was applied to estimate inadequacy. The geographic information system's ordinary kriging method was used to estimate the spatial distribution of the prevalence of inadequate niacin intakes. However, between 1991 and 2018, the prevalence of inadequate niacin intake increased from 13.00% to 28.40% in females and from 17.75% to 29.46% in males. Additionally, the geographically significant clusters of high and low prevalence were identified and remained stable over almost three decades. The high prevalence of insufficient niacin intake was more pronounced in Henan and Shandong over 27 years. Further, effective and tailored nutrition interventions are required to address inadequate niacin intake in China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bing Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
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21
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Haines KL, Gorenshtein L, Lumpkin S, Grisel B, Gallagher S. Optimal Nutrition in the Older Adult: Beneficial Versus Ineffective Supplements. Curr Nutr Rep 2023:10.1007/s13668-023-00459-y. [PMID: 36689099 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Proper nutrition in older adults is essential, as nutritional deficiencies are common in this population. This review aims to summarize the benefits and risks of nutritional supplementation in the older adult population including the efficacy of various supplements, their risks, and common drug interactions with frequently prescribed medications. RECENT FINDINGS In recent years, a growing percentage of older adults have been found to take multiple daily nutritional supplements. This population has complex nutritional needs due to the physiology of aging and the presence of comorbidities. However, many primary care providers are unaware of the benefits and drawbacks of nutritional supplementation in the elderly. This review summarizes the current literature to provide more clarity to providers on how to support this population's nutritional needs. Nutritional supplementation is essential for elderly populations who may not be able to obtain adequate nutrition from dietary sources. Supplements vary widely in efficacy and safety. As such, supplementation should be individualized and guided by a qualified healthcare provider to ensure patients receive effective, beneficial nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista L Haines
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | | | - Stephanie Lumpkin
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Scott Gallagher
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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22
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Kondo T, Suzuki I, Chiba T, Tousen Y. Safety assessment of herbal supplement components targeting hepatotoxicity and CYP3A4 induction in cell-based assay using HepG2 cells. J Food Sci 2023; 88:563-573. [PMID: 36524620 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Herbal supplements can cause hepatotoxicity and drug interactions via hepatic cytochrome P-450 (CYP) in some cases. However, there is no simple and stable cell-based assay to conduct a screening for hepatotoxicity and CYP induction. In the present study, we selected 14 components of the herbal supplement based on our previous reports and investigated the safety of the herbal supplement components focusing on toxicity and CYP3A4 induction in a cell-based assay using HepG2. The toxicity of the components was examined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cell proliferation assays. Then, the CYP3A4 induction of the components were examined by a reporter assay using reporter vectors of CYP3A4. The vector includes the CYP3A4 proximal promoter (CYP3A4PP) and the xenobiotic-responsive enhancer module (XREM) regions. Luteolin (LU) significantly increased LDH activity and decreased cell proliferation activity that suggests LU may cause toxicity in HepG2 cells. Quercetin (QU) increased the transcriptional activity of CYP3A4 (1.5-fold of control) in the reporter assay. However, the induction of QU was slightly in comparison to the validation of the transcriptional activity of CYP3A4 treated with CYP3A4 inducers. The CYP3A4 induction of QU may not involve CYP3A4PP but involves the XREM response. Throughout our results, the method in the present study may be useful for a safety assessment of herbal supplements, primarily focusing on hepatotoxicity and CYP3A4 induction. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Even though there are problems with herbal supplements, studies related to toxicity are not actively carried out. The present methods may apply to the safety assessment for herbal supplements and be useful for the prevention and verification of health hazards caused by herbal supplements (the summary is shown in Figure S2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kondo
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ippei Suzuki
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Chiba
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Tousen
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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BA D, BA S, MD M. What the World Needs Now: Lifestyle Medicine for All Women. Am J Lifestyle Med 2023; 17:97-107. [PMID: 36636386 PMCID: PMC9830235 DOI: 10.1177/15598276211028101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last several centuries, economic progress has allowed millions of women to move from rural subsistence agriculture to urban, more economically prosperous lifestyles. This trend is set to continue, even accelerate in the next century. Due to changes in diet, activity, and lifestyle, non-communicable diseases, such as cancer and heart disease, will continue to rise for women globally. At this time, we are uniquely positioned to anticipate this impact and empower women in both the developed and the developing world to learn from what has worked. Choosing the best approaches to nutrition, exercise, sleep, connectedness, substances, and stress can optimize women's health span across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dopke BA
- From the Harvard
College, Cambridge, MA, USA (CD); Metropolitan State
University, Denver, CO, USA (KS); and The Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern
California, Corona del Mar, CA, USA(JM)
| | - Somers BA
- From the Harvard
College, Cambridge, MA, USA (CD); Metropolitan State
University, Denver, CO, USA (KS); and The Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern
California, Corona del Mar, CA, USA(JM)
| | - McHugh MD
- From the Harvard
College, Cambridge, MA, USA (CD); Metropolitan State
University, Denver, CO, USA (KS); and The Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern
California, Corona del Mar, CA, USA(JM)
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Liu X, Finno CJ, Beck T, Dhana K, Tangney C, Desai P, Krueger K, Evans DA, Rajan KB. Association of Vitamin E and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults with and without the APOEɛ4 Allele: A Biracial Population-Based Community Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:1129-1138. [PMID: 37955092 PMCID: PMC10947793 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of different types of tocopherols (vitamin E) with cognition might vary by the APOEɛ4 allele status. OBJECTIVE We examined the association of dietary tocopherols with cognitive decline among participants with and without the APOEɛ4 allele over a median of 12 years. METHODS 2,193 participants from the Chicago Health and Aging Project were included in the analyses. Global cognition was assessed in three-year cycles. We used a 144-item FFQ to assess dietary intakes of tocopherols and hME Sequenom mass-array platform to assess APOE genotype. We used linear mixed effects models to examine the relationship between tocopherol from food sources and global cognitive decline. RESULTS The mean baseline age was 74.1 (SD = 5.9) years. Among APOEɛ4 carriers, participants in the highest quintile of intakes of dietary vitamin E had a slower cognitive decline of 0.022 SDU (95% CI: 0.000, 0.043) compared to those in the lowest quintile. A higher intake of dietary α-tocopherol from food sources only was associated with slower cognitive decline in APOEɛ4 carriers (p for trend 0.002) but not among the non-carriers (p for trend 0.937). Among APOEɛ4 carriers, those in the highest quintile of intake of α-tocopherol had a 16.4% slower rate of decline of global cognition compared to those in the lowest quintile (β= 0.034, 95% CI: 0.013, 0.054). CONCLUSIONS Individuals consuming high α-tocopherol from food sources had slower cognitive decline among APOEɛ4 carriers. In older adults, different forms of vitamin E might moderate the relationship of APOEɛ4 with global cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Carrie J. Finno
- Department of Population, Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Todd Beck
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Klodian Dhana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Christy Tangney
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Pankaja Desai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kristin Krueger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Denis A Evans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kumar B Rajan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Essential Minerals and Metabolic Adaptation of Immune Cells. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010123. [PMID: 36615781 PMCID: PMC9824256 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern lifestyles deviated considerably from the ancestral routines towards major shifts in diets and increased sedentarism. The trace elements status of the human body is no longer adequately supported by micronutrient-inferior farmed meats and crop commodities produced by the existing agricultural food systems. This is particular evident in the increased obesogenic adipogenesis and low-grade inflammation that fails to resolve with time. The metabolically restrictive environment of the inflamed tissues drives activation and proliferation of transient and resident populations of immune cells in favor of pro-inflammatory phenotypes, as well as a part of the enhanced autoimmune response. As different stages of the immune activation and resolution depend on the availability of specific minerals to maintain the structural integrity of skin and mucus membranes, activation and migration of immune cells, activation of the complement system, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, this review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the contribution of select minerals in optimizing the responses of innate and adaptive immune outcomes. An abbreviated view on the absorption, transport, and delivery of minerals to the body tissues as related to metabolic adaptation is considered.
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Loh WQ, Youn J, Seow WJ. Vitamin E Intake and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010014. [PMID: 36615673 PMCID: PMC9824720 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E is a group of antioxidative tocopherols and tocotrienols that play a potential role in chemoprevention. Studies investigating the association between vitamin E and prostate cancer risk have been conflicting. We identified observational and interventional studies examining the association between vitamin E intake and prostate cancer risk from PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. A random-effects model was used to perform a meta-analysis and estimate relative risks (RRs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of prostate cancer risk according to vitamin E intake. Subgroup analyses were conducted by study design, sample size, study population characteristics, geographical region, and dose of vitamin E intake. The association between dietary (RR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.92-1.02) and supplemental (RR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.94-1.04) vitamin E intake on prostate cancer risk was non-significant. In subgroup analyses, supplemental vitamin E was significantly associated with reduced prostate cancer risk in studies in Europe (RR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.69-0.97). Overall, this meta-analysis demonstrates little evidence for a beneficial effect of vitamin E intake on prostate cancer risk but suggests that there may be some conditions in which supplements could confer a protective effect on prostate cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qi Loh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Jiyoung Youn
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore 117549, Singapore
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Jie Seow
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore 117549, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6601-1243
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27
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Aljaadi AM, Devlin AM, Green TJ. Riboflavin intake and status and relationship to anemia. Nutr Rev 2022; 81:114-132. [PMID: 36018769 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Riboflavin in its coenzyme forms, flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide, is essential for multiple redox reactions necessary for energy production, antioxidant protection, and metabolism of other B vitamins, such as niacin, pyridoxine, and folate. Erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient (EGRac) is a biomarker of riboflavin status; ratios ≥1.40 are commonly interpreted as indicating biochemical deficiency. Most research on riboflavin status comes from low-income countries and rural settings, which reported high rates of riboflavin deficiency and inadequate intake. However, some studies suggest that riboflavin deficiency, based on the functional indicator EGRac, is also of concern in middle- and high-income countries. Biochemical riboflavin deficiency that does not cause clinical symptoms may contribute to anemia, particularly among women and children. Riboflavin enhances iron absorption, and riboflavin deficiency decreases iron mobilization from stores. The current knowledge on riboflavin's role in metabolic processes and its biochemical status is summarized in this review, and the available evidence on the role of riboflavin in anemia among different populations is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M Aljaadi
- with the Clinical Nutrition Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Angela M Devlin
- with the Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tim J Green
- is with the Women and Kids Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, and Discipline of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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28
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Kuang L, Wang Z, Cheng Y, Li J, Li Y, Xu G. Evaluation of nutrient elements contents of China’s main deciduous fruits and dietary exposure assessment. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Vitamin D Status for Chinese Children and Adolescents in CNNHS 2016-2017. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224928. [PMID: 36432613 PMCID: PMC9693967 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is very important in maintaining children's bone health because of its regulatory role in calcium and phosphate metabolism. To better understand vitamin D status and related risk factors of children and adolescents in China, this study analyzed the 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25(OH)D) concentration of children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in China and assessed the risk factors of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. We analyzed the data of 25(OH)D concentration collected from the China National Nutrition and Health Survey of Children and Lactating Mothers in 2016-2017 (CNNHS 2016-2017). The age, sex, region type, ethnicities, season, weight and height were recorded, measured by unified questionnaire, equipment and standards. The concentration of 25(OH)D was detected by LC-MS/MS. A total of 64,391 participants from the cross-sectional study of CNNHS in 2016-2017 were included in this study. The median serum 25(OH)D concentration was 17.70 (13.20-22.68) ng/mL, 18.70 (14.10-23.80) ng/mL in boys and 16.60 (12.40-21.40) ng/mL in girls. The total prevalence rate of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was 65.98% when the cut-off was 20 ng/mL, 60.42% for boys and 71.99% for girls. According to the results of logistic regression analysis, girls aged above 12 y, living in midlands and northern regions, in spring and winter seasons and with abdominal obesity will have a significantly increased risk of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among Chinese children and adolescents. The results showed that vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are very common among children and adolescents aged 6-17 y in China. They should be encouraged to have more effective sunlight exposure, increased intake of vitamin D from food or supplements in their diet, especially for those aged above 12 y, living in the northern or midlands areas, in spring and winter, and abdominally obese.
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30
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Han A, Park Y, Lee YK, Park SY, Park CY. Position Statement: Vitamin D Intake to Prevent Osteoporosis and Fracture in Adults. J Bone Metab 2022; 29:205-215. [PMID: 36529863 PMCID: PMC9760769 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2022.29.4.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate vitamin D status is essential for bone health. New randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of vitamin D supplementation on bone health have recently been published. This position statement updates and expands on the previous 2015 position statement of the Korean Society for Bone and Mineral Research on the adequate vitamin D status for healthy older adults (age ≥ 70 years) and those at high risk of osteoporosis and fracture (adults on osteoporosis medications) to maintain serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25[OH]D) levels ≥ 20 ng/mL but < 50 ng/mL. A serum 25(OH)D level of 30 ng/mL may be beneficial for those on anti-resorptives. Vitamin D can be obtained from ultraviolet light exposure and diet. To reach the target vitamin D status through intake, adults must consume at least 400 IU/day to reach 20 ng/mL and 800 to 1,000 IU/day to reach 30 ng/mL. Foods familiar to the Korean diet that are high in vitamin D content or consumed frequently enough to positively impact vitamin D status are introduced in addition to the amount required to help reach one's target vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Han
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju,
Korea,K-Food Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju,
Korea
| | - Yongsoon Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Young-Kyun Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam,
Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Clara Yongjoo Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju,
Korea
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31
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Murphy R, Marshall K, Zagorin S, Devarshi PP, Hazels Mitmesser S. Socioeconomic Inequalities Impact the Ability of Pregnant Women and Women of Childbearing Age to Consume Nutrients Needed for Neurodevelopment: An Analysis of NHANES 2007-2018. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183823. [PMID: 36145198 PMCID: PMC9500720 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate consumption of nutrients that support infant neurodevelopment is critical among pregnant women and women of childbearing age. Understanding the potential effects of socioeconomic inequalities on nutrient gaps in these life stages is thus important for informing strategies to mitigate negative health consequences. Usual intake (foods and dietary supplements) of neurodevelopment-related nutrients was determined from 24 h recalls among women of childbearing age and pregnant women (20−44 years) using data from 2007−2018 NHANES. Usual intake was compared across household food security, poverty-to-income ratio (PIR), and household participation in federal food and nutrition assistance programs. Intake of EPA + DHA was universally low with >95% of all women (pregnant and non-pregnant) below the DGA recommendation from foods alone. Women in households that participated in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program had a significantly lower intake of multiple nutrients relative to those who did not participate. For example, 50% had intakes below the estimated average requirement (EAR) for vitamin A (versus 32%), 42% were below the EAR for calcium (versus 33%) and 65% were below the EAR for magnesium (versus 42%). Similar gradients were observed by PIR and household food security, and among pregnant women whereby gaps were more evident in those experiencing socioeconomic inequalities. The use of dietary supplements attenuated shortfalls for most nutrients. These findings highlight a critical need to support the nutritional requirements for women of childbearing age and pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Murphy
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-604-822-1397
| | - Keri Marshall
- Science & Technology, Pharmavite LLC, West Hills, CA 91304, USA
| | - Sandra Zagorin
- Science & Technology, Pharmavite LLC, West Hills, CA 91304, USA
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Satyam SM, Bairy LK. Neuronutraceuticals Combating Neuroinflammaging: Molecular Insights and Translational Challenges—A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153029. [PMID: 35893883 PMCID: PMC9330442 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathologies, such as neuroinflammaging, have arisen as a serious concern for preserving the quality of life due to the global increase in neurodegenerative illnesses. Nowadays, neuronutraceuticals have gained remarkable attention. It is necessary to investigate the bioavailability, off-target effects, and mechanism of action of neuronutraceuticals. To comprehend the comprehensive impact on brain health, well-designed randomized controlled trials testing combinations of neuronutraceuticals are also necessary. Although there is a translational gap between basic and clinical research, the present knowledge of the molecular perspectives of neuroinflammaging and neuronutraceuticals may be able to slow down brain aging and to enhance cognitive performance. The present review also highlights the key emergent issues, such as regulatory and scientific concerns of neuronutraceuticals, including bioavailability, formulation, blood–brain permeability, safety, and efficacy.
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33
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Akyüz O, Gücün M, Demirci R, Celik M. Relationship Between Serum Magnesium Level and Insulin Resistance in Turkey Non-obese Adult Population. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3070-3077. [PMID: 34537919 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02922-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) is widely used in clinical practice to estimate insulin resistance. In particular, magnesium (Mg) is an extensively studied mineral that has been shown to function in the management of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance (IR) action. The pathophysiology of IR in non-obese patients has not been clearly demonstrated. From this point of view, we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum Mg level and IR in non-obese patients. We analyzed 957 patients who are not obese and estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Patients were divided into two groups, with and without IR. The results of the IR detected group (HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5, n = 544) and the IR undetected group (HOMA-IR < 2.5, n = 413) were compared. The median Mg value of the patients was 1.76 [0.21] mg/dL. A statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding serum Mg levels (p = 0.043). A negative correlation was found between the HOMA-IR index and serum Mg levels among patients (r = - 0.064, p = 0.049). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that serum Mg level (p = 0.039, odds ratio [OR] = 0.770[95%CI: [0.917-0.989]) was independent risk factors for IR. HOMA-IR increases as the Mg level decreases in advanced ages without obesity, especially in men with low e-GFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okan Akyüz
- Department of Nephrology, University of Health Sciences, Kartal Kosuyolu Heart and Research Hospital, Denizer Street Cevizli No: 2 Cevizli, 34865, Kartal, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Murat Gücün
- Department of Nephrology, University of Health Sciences, Kartal Kosuyolu Heart and Research Hospital, Denizer Street Cevizli No: 2 Cevizli, 34865, Kartal, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Recep Demirci
- Department of Nephrology, University of Health Sciences Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Celik
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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KIANI AYSHAKARIM, DHULI KRISTJANA, DONATO KEVIN, AQUILANTI BARBARA, VELLUTI VALERIA, MATERA GIUSEPPINA, IACONELLI AMERIGO, CONNELLY STEPHENTHADDEUS, BELLINATO FRANCESCO, GISONDI PAOLO, BERTELLI MATTEO. Main nutritional deficiencies. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E93-E101. [PMID: 36479498 PMCID: PMC9710417 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition is the source of energy that is required to carry out all the processes of human body. A balanced diet is a combination of both macro- and micronutrients. "Nutritional inadequacy" involves an intake of nutrients that is lower than the estimated average requirement, whereas "nutritional deficiency" consists of severely reduced levels of one or more nutrients, making the body unable to normally perform its functions and thus leading to an increased risk of several diseases like cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. Malnutrition could be caused by environmental factors, like food scarcity, as well as disease conditions, like anorexia nervosa, fasting, swallowing inability, persistent vomiting, impaired digestion, intestinal malabsorption, or other chronic diseases. Nutritional biomarkers - like serum or plasma levels of nutrients such as folate, vitamin C, B vitamins, vitamin D, selenium, copper, zinc - could be used for the evaluation of nutrient intake and dietary exposure. Macronutrients deficiencies could cause kwashiorkor, marasmus, ketosis, growth retardation, wound healing, and increased infection susceptibility, whereas micronutrient - like iron, folate, zinc, iodine, and vitamin A - deficiencies lead to intellectual impairment, poor growth, perinatal complications, degenerative diseases associated with aging and higher morbidity and mortality. Preventing macro- and micronutrient deficiency is crucial and this could be achieved through supplementation and food-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - BARBARA AQUILANTI
- UOSD Medicina Bariatrica, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli
IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - VALERIA VELLUTI
- UOSD Medicina Bariatrica, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli
IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - GIUSEPPINA MATERA
- UOSD Medicina Bariatrica, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli
IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - AMERIGO IACONELLI
- UOSD Medicina Bariatrica, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli
IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - STEPHEN THADDEUS CONNELLY
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System,
Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - FRANCESCO BELLINATO
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of
Medicine, University of Verona, Verona,
Italy
| | - PAOLO GISONDI
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of
Medicine, University of Verona, Verona,
Italy
| | - MATTEO BERTELLI
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN),
Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA),
USA
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Dietary vitamin D intake in low ultraviolet irradiation seasons is associated with a better nutritional status of vitamin D in Korean adults according to the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nutr Res 2022; 105:53-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Stretton B, Kovoor JG, Vanlint A, Maddern G, Thompson CH. Perioperative micronutrients, macroscopic benefits? J Perioper Pract 2022; 33:92-98. [PMID: 35445613 DOI: 10.1177/17504589221091058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
'Micronutrients' are vitamins and minerals vital for healthy metabolic function, wound healing and disease and infection prevention. Micronutrients may play a role in significantly improving postoperative recovery and indices of patient comfort; however, minimal research exists for surgical patients. Furthermore, current guidelines on perioperative nutrition have a macronutrient focus which may fail to guide detection and treatment of the subclinical micronutrient deficiency in a patient who is not obviously malnourished. Limited research into supplementation of some micronutrient deficiencies shows favourable results; however, given the financial implications of wound care, the prevalence of micronutrient deficiency and possible benefits from attention to micronutrition for postoperative recovery, further research into this area is urgently warranted. Interventions to guide optimal future clinical practice are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Stretton
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joshua G Kovoor
- Discipline of Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew Vanlint
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Guy Maddern
- Discipline of Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Campbell H Thompson
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Recent Advances in the Gastrointestinal Fate of Organic and Inorganic Nanoparticles in Foods. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12071099. [PMID: 35407216 PMCID: PMC9000219 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic or organic nanoparticles are often incorporated into foods to enhance their quality, stability, nutrition, or safety. When they pass through the gastrointestinal environment, the properties of these nanoparticles are altered, which impacts their biological effects and potential toxicity. Consequently, there is a need to understand how different kinds of nanoparticles behave within the gastrointestinal tract. In this article, the current understanding of the gastrointestinal fate of nanoparticles in foods is reviewed. Initially, the fundamental physicochemical and structural properties of nanoparticles are discussed, including their compositions, sizes, shapes, and surface chemistries. Then, the impact of food matrix effects and gastrointestinal environments on the fate of ingested nanoparticles is discussed. In particular, the influence of nanoparticle properties on food digestion and nutraceutical bioavailability is highlighted. Finally, future research directions are highlighted that will enable the successful utilization of nanotechnology in foods while also ensuring they are safe.
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Garg A, Lee JCY. Vitamin E: Where Are We Now in Vascular Diseases? Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020310. [PMID: 35207597 PMCID: PMC8874674 DOI: 10.3390/life12020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E is one of the most popular fat-soluble vitamins in pathological research and has been under scrutiny since the 1980s as a vital dietary component of food. The antioxidant effect of vitamin E has been widely studied due to its benefits in the prevention of various cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, alternative effects of vitamin E, in terms of anti-inflammatory pathways and gene regulation, have also been of interest to researchers. This review examines the role of dietary vitamin E (α-tocopherol) as an antioxidant and bioactive molecule in promoting vascular health. While the antioxidant effect of vitamin E is well established, knowledge about its capacity as a promising regulatory molecule in the control of the vascular system is limited. The aim of this review is to discuss some of these mechanisms and summarize their role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Here, we also briefly discuss foods rich in vitamin E, and deliberate some potential toxicological effects of excessive supplemental vitamin E in the body.
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The epidemiology, impact, and diagnosis of micronutrient nutritional dermatoses. Part 2: B-complex vitamins. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022; 86:281-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.06.900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Pham A, García Martínez JB, Brynych V, Stormbjorne R, Pearce JM, Denkenberger DC. Nutrition in Abrupt Sunlight Reduction Scenarios: Envisioning Feasible Balanced Diets on Resilient Foods. Nutrients 2022; 14:492. [PMID: 35276851 PMCID: PMC8839908 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abrupt sunlight reduction scenarios (ASRS) following catastrophic events, such as a nuclear war, a large volcanic eruption or an asteroid strike, could prompt global agricultural collapse. There are low-cost foods that could be made available in an ASRS: resilient foods. Nutritionally adequate combinations of these resilient foods are investigated for different stages of a scenario with an effective response, based on existing technology. While macro- and micronutrient requirements were overall met, some-potentially chronic-deficiencies were identified (e.g., vitamins D, E and K). Resilient sources of micronutrients for mitigating these and other potential deficiencies are presented. The results of this analysis suggest that no life-threatening micronutrient deficiencies or excesses would necessarily be present given preparation to deploy resilient foods and an effective response. Careful preparedness and planning-such as stock management and resilient food production ramp-up-is indispensable for an effective response that not only allows for fulfilling people's energy requirements, but also prevents severe malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix Pham
- Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters (ALLFED), Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA; (J.B.G.M.); (V.B.); (R.S.); (J.M.P.); (D.C.D.)
| | - Juan B. García Martínez
- Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters (ALLFED), Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA; (J.B.G.M.); (V.B.); (R.S.); (J.M.P.); (D.C.D.)
| | - Vojtech Brynych
- Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters (ALLFED), Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA; (J.B.G.M.); (V.B.); (R.S.); (J.M.P.); (D.C.D.)
| | - Ratheka Stormbjorne
- Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters (ALLFED), Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA; (J.B.G.M.); (V.B.); (R.S.); (J.M.P.); (D.C.D.)
| | - Joshua M. Pearce
- Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters (ALLFED), Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA; (J.B.G.M.); (V.B.); (R.S.); (J.M.P.); (D.C.D.)
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - David C. Denkenberger
- Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters (ALLFED), Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA; (J.B.G.M.); (V.B.); (R.S.); (J.M.P.); (D.C.D.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
- Alaska Center for Energy and Power, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
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Hrubša M, Siatka T, Nejmanová I, Vopršalová M, Kujovská Krčmová L, Matoušová K, Javorská L, Macáková K, Mercolini L, Remião F, Máťuš M, Mladěnka P. Biological Properties of Vitamins of the B-Complex, Part 1: Vitamins B 1, B 2, B 3, and B 5. Nutrients 2022; 14:484. [PMID: 35276844 PMCID: PMC8839250 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the current knowledge on essential vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5. These B-complex vitamins must be taken from diet, with the exception of vitamin B3, that can also be synthetized from amino acid tryptophan. All of these vitamins are water soluble, which determines their main properties, namely: they are partly lost when food is washed or boiled since they migrate to the water; the requirement of membrane transporters for their permeation into the cells; and their safety since any excess is rapidly eliminated via the kidney. The therapeutic use of B-complex vitamins is mostly limited to hypovitaminoses or similar conditions, but, as they are generally very safe, they have also been examined in other pathological conditions. Nicotinic acid, a form of vitamin B3, is the only exception because it is a known hypolipidemic agent in gram doses. The article also sums up: (i) the current methods for detection of the vitamins of the B-complex in biological fluids; (ii) the food and other sources of these vitamins including the effect of common processing and storage methods on their content; and (iii) their physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Hrubša
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (M.V.); (P.M.)
| | - Tomáš Siatka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (T.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Iveta Nejmanová
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Marie Vopršalová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (M.V.); (P.M.)
| | - Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (L.J.)
| | - Kateřina Matoušová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (L.J.)
| | - Lenka Javorská
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (L.J.)
| | - Kateřina Macáková
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (T.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Research Group of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis (PTA Lab), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUINTE, Toxicology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Department Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marek Máťuš
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (M.V.); (P.M.)
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Determination of proximate composition, selected essential and heavy metals in sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.) from the Ethiopian markets and assessment of the associated health risks. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1806-1812. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Dwyer JT, Saldanha LG, Bailen R. Dietary supplement databases: Public health tools. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Vekovtsev A, Vovk E, Poznyakovsky V, Tokhiriyon B, Lapina V. A healthy eating plan for employees engaged in oil and gas exploration and production in the Far North. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20224204011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper nutrition is undoubtedly one of the most important factors of good health. Currently, the priority field of study for the Russian nutritionists is the development of well-balanced nutrition plans which can help to prevent or alleviate the most common medical conditions and work-related diseases. Extensive research has been carried out for the stateled program for the Development of Hydrocarbon Resources in the Northern Regions of Russia, including the Far North, where the huge oil and gas fields are located, and the specialists of Art-Life scientific production association have developed a healthy eating plan to help people working in the Far North maintain general well-being.
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Zhang Y, Song M, Mucci LA, Giovannucci EL. Zinc supplement use and risk of aggressive prostate cancer: a 30-year follow-up study. Eur J Epidemiol 2022; 37:1251-1260. [PMID: 36326979 PMCID: PMC9630799 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-022-00922-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc supplementation was hypothesized to have therapeutic potential against prostate cancer, but its influence on prostate cancer incidence especially at high doses is controversial. METHODS A total of 47,240 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study were followed from 1986 to 2016. Men reported their zinc supplement use at baseline and biennially thereafter. Clinical features of prostate cancer included stage, grade, lethal and aggressive (T4 or N1 or M1 or Gleason 8-10) outcome. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between zinc supplement use and incidence of prostate cancer. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 28.3 years, we documented 6,980 incident prostate cancer cases including 1,053 lethal and 1,143 aggressive. Zinc supplement use was not associated with overall, localized, low- and intermediate-grade prostate cancer. However, compared to never-users, men who used supplement zinc more than 75 mg/day were at higher risk for lethal (HR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.16-2.66, Ptrend = 0.001) and aggressive prostate cancer (HR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.19-2.73, Ptrend = 0.006). Similarly, men who took supplemental zinc for 15 or more years had a higher risk for lethal (HR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.28-2.85, Ptrend <0.001) and aggressive prostate cancer (HR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.03-2.33, Ptrend = 0.004). CONCLUSION Zinc supplementation of more than 75 mg per day or over 15 years may substantially increase risk of lethal and aggressive prostate cancer. Caution is warranted regarding excessive usage of zinc supplements among adult men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, 02115 Boston, MA USA
| | - Lorelei A. Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA ,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, 02115 Boston, MA USA
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Rondanelli M, Faliva MA, Barrile GC, Cavioni A, Mansueto F, Mazzola G, Oberto L, Patelli Z, Pirola M, Tartara A, Riva A, Petrangolini G, Peroni G. Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Dietary Supplementation to Prevent Bone Mineral Density Loss: A Food Pyramid. Nutrients 2021; 14:74. [PMID: 35010952 PMCID: PMC8746518 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a nutritionally modulated tissue. Given this background, aim of this review is to evaluate the latest data regarding ideal dietary approach in order to reduce bone mineral density loss and to construct a food pyramid that allows osteopenia/osteoporosis patients to easily figure out what to eat. The pyramid shows that carbohydrates should be consumed every day (3 portions of whole grains), together with fruits and vegetables (5 portions; orange-colored fruits and vegetables and green leafy vegetables are to be preferred), light yogurt (125 mL), skim milk (200 mL,) extra virgin olive oil (almost 20 mg/day), and calcium water (almost 1 l/day); weekly portions should include fish (4 portions), white meat (3 portions), legumes (2 portions), eggs (2 portions), cheeses (2 portions), and red or processed meats (once/week). At the top of the pyramid, there are two pennants: one green means that osteopenia/osteoporosis subjects need some personalized supplementation (if daily requirements cannot be satisfied through diet, calcium, vitamin D, boron, omega 3, and isoflavones supplementation could be an effective strategy with a great benefit/cost ratio), and one red means that there are some foods that are banned (salt, sugar, inorganic phosphate additives). Finally, three to four times per week of 30-40 min of aerobic and resistance exercises must be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Milena Anna Faliva
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Gaetan Claude Barrile
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Alessandro Cavioni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Francesca Mansueto
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Mazzola
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Letizia Oberto
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Zaira Patelli
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Martina Pirola
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Alice Tartara
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Antonella Riva
- Research and Development Department, Indena SpA, 20139 Milan, Italy; (A.R.); (G.P.)
| | | | - Gabriella Peroni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
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Cowan AE, Bailey RL, Jun S, Dodd KW, Gahche JJ, Eicher-Miller HA, Guenther PM, Dwyer JT, Potischman N, Bhadra A, Carroll RJ, Tooze JA. The Total Nutrient Index is a Useful Measure for Assessing Total Micronutrient Exposures Among US Adults. J Nutr 2021; 152:863-871. [PMID: 34928350 PMCID: PMC8891182 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most dietary indices reflect foods and beverages and do not include exposures from dietary supplements (DS) that provide substantial amounts of micronutrients. A nutrient-based approach that captures total intake inclusive of DS can strengthen exposure assessment. OBJECTIVES We examined the construct and criterion validity of the Total Nutrient Index (TNI) among US adults (≥19 years; nonpregnant or lactating). METHODS The TNI includes 8 underconsumed micronutrients identified by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans: calcium; magnesium; potassium; choline; and vitamins A, C, D, and E. The TNI is expressed as a percentage of the RDA or Adequate Intake to compute micronutrient component scores; the mean of the component scores yields the TNI score, ranging from 0-100. Data from exemplary menus and the 2003-2006 (≥19 years; n = 8861) and 2011-2014 NHANES (≥19 years; n = 9954) were employed. Exemplary menus were used to determine whether the TNI yielded high scores from dietary sources (women, 31-50 years; men ≥ 70 years). TNI scores were correlated with Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015 overall and component scores for dairy, fruits, and vegetables; TNI component scores for vitamins A, C, D, and E were correlated with respective biomarker data. TNI scores were compared between groups with known differences in nutrient intake based on the literature. RESULTS The TNI yielded high scores on exemplary menus (84.8-93.3/100) and was moderately correlated (r = 0.48) with the HEI-2015. Mean TNI scores were significantly different for DS users (83.5) compared with nonusers (67.1); nonsmokers (76.8) compared with smokers (70.3); and those living with food security (76.6) compared with food insecurity (69.1). Correlations of TNI vitamin component scores with available biomarkers ranged from 0.12 (α-tocopherol) to 0.36 (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D), and were significantly higher than correlations obtained from the diet alone. CONCLUSIONS The evaluation of validity supports that the TNI is a useful construct to assess total micronutrient exposures of underconsumed micronutrients among US adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Cowan
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Shinyoung Jun
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Kevin W Dodd
- NIH National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Patricia M Guenther
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Johanna T Dwyer
- NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD, USA,Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Anindya Bhadra
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Raymond J Carroll
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Janet A Tooze
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Serum vitamin E levels and chronic inflammatory skin diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261259. [PMID: 34905558 PMCID: PMC8670689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin E has long been linked to skin health, including all of its possible functions in cosmetic products, to its roles in membrane integrity and even the aging process. However, reports on the relationship between serum vitamin E levels and the risk of chronic inflammatory skin diseases have been inconsistent. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between serum vitamin E levels and chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Methods We searched the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases, with no time limit up to 30.06.2021. Studies examining serum vitamin E levels in patients with chronic inflammatory skin diseases were selected. Results Twenty articles met the inclusion criteria. Compared with controls, a lower vitamin E level was found in patients with vitiligo (SMD: -0.70, 95% CI: -1.21 to -0.19), psoriasis (SMD: -2.73, 95% CI: -3.57 to -1.18), atopic dermatitis (SMD: -1.08, 95% CI: -1.80 to -0.36) and acne (SMD: -0.67, 95% CI: -1.05 to -0.30). Conclusions Our meta-analysis showed that serum vitamin E levels were lower in patients suffering from vitiligo, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and acne. This study highlights the need to evaluate vitamin E status to improve its level in patients with skin diseases.
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Lennerz BS, Mey JT, Henn OH, Ludwig DS. Behavioral Characteristics and Self-Reported Health Status among 2029 Adults Consuming a "Carnivore Diet". Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab133. [PMID: 34934897 PMCID: PMC8684475 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The "carnivore diet," based on animal foods and excluding most or all plant foods, has attracted recent popular attention. However, little is known about the health effects and tolerability of this diet, and concerns for nutrient deficiencies and cardiovascular disease risk have been raised. OBJECTIVES We obtained descriptive data on the nutritional practices and health status of a large group of carnivore diet consumers. METHODS A social media survey was conducted 30 March-24 June, 2020 among adults self-identifying as consuming a carnivore diet for ≥6 mo. Survey questions interrogated motivation, dietary intake patterns, symptoms suggestive of nutritional deficiencies or other adverse effects, satisfaction, prior and current health conditions, anthropometrics, and laboratory data. RESULTS A total of 2029 respondents (median age: 44 y, 67% male) reported consuming a carnivore diet for 14 mo (IQR: 9-20 mo), motivated primarily by health reasons (93%). Red meat consumption was reported as daily or more often by 85%. Under 10% reported consuming vegetables, fruits, or grains more often than monthly, and 37% denied vitamin supplement use. Prevalence of adverse symptoms was low (<1% to 5.5%). Symptoms included gastrointestinal (3.1%-5.5%), muscular (0.3%-4.0%), and dermatologic (0.1%-1.9%). Participants reported high levels of satisfaction and improvements in overall health (95%), well-being (66%-91%), various medical conditions (48%-98%), and median [IQR] BMI (in kg/m2) (from 27.2 [23.5-31.9] to 24.3 [22.1-27.0]). Among a subset reporting current lipids, LDL-cholesterol was markedly elevated (172 mg/dL), whereas HDL-cholesterol (68 mg/dL) and triglycerides (68 mg/dL) were optimal. Participants with diabetes reported benefits including reductions in median [IQR] BMI (4.3 [1.4-7.2]), glycated hemoglobin (0.4% [0%-1.7%]), and diabetes medication use (84%-100%). CONCLUSIONS Contrary to common expectations, adults consuming a carnivore diet experienced few adverse effects and instead reported health benefits and high satisfaction. Cardiovascular disease risk factors were variably affected. The generalizability of these findings and the long-term effects of this dietary pattern require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda S Lennerz
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacob T Mey
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Owen H Henn
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David S Ludwig
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Wahab A, Mushtaq K, Khan A, Khakwani MSK, Masood A, Henderson J, Malik F. Zinc-induced hypocupremia and pancytopenia, from zinc supplementation to its toxicity, a case report. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2021; 11:843-846. [PMID: 34804403 PMCID: PMC8604455 DOI: 10.1080/20009666.2021.1983319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
According to one estimate, zinc supplementation is widely used in the USA by almost 37% of the elderly population above age 71. Zinc has perceived benefits of immune system enhancement without realizing the harmful effects when used in excess. One of its under-recognized side effects is hypocupremia or copper deficiency due to excessive gastrointestinal losses as excessive zinc in the gut competes with copper for absorption. If severe, hypocupremia can cause hematologic changes (anemia, leukopenia/neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and pancytopenia) with and without neurological deficits. Since zinc-induced hypocupremia is an overlooked entity, there is a lag of 12 months between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis. Most patients usually undergo a series of costly and sometimes invasive tests such as bone marrow biopsies during this lag time. Once diagnosed, the treatment is as simple as discontinuation of zinc and oral copper supplements. Here, we present a case report of zinc-induced hypocupremia and pancytopenia in an 81-year-old lady who was taking zinc supplements for macular degeneration. The patient presented with leukopenia with neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and moderate anemia. This case report aims to educate clinicians since this is an easily missed entity and likely more prevalent than known due to widely used zinc supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Wahab
- Hospital Medicine/Internal Medicine, Baptist Medical Center South, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - Kamran Mushtaq
- Hospital Medicine/Internal Medicine, Northeast Internal Medicine Associates, LaGrange, IN, USA
| | - Aqsa Khan
- Department of Medicine, Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Adeel Masood
- Hospital Medicine, TidalHealth Peninsula Regional, Salisbury, MD, USA
| | | | - Faizan Malik
- Hematology Oncology Department, Northshore Oncology Associates, New Orleans, LA, USA
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